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Solid State Physics: - Types of Solids
Solid State Physics: - Types of Solids
Types of Solids
Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic.
Devices
pn junction, diode
Attractive Coulombic
Potential -1/r
Simple Cubic
FCC
structure:
NaCl
Body-Centered Cubic
Na+
Cl-
Face-Centered
Cubic
Vertical -bonds
Diamond
Tetrahedral sp3 bonding
(very hard!)
q idt
V
i
R
L
R
A
Microscopic
v di
Current Density: J v (A/m 2 )
dA
v v
i J dA
ur Ev
v
J E where resistivity
r
r
J n e vd
m
2
ne
conductivity
where n carrier density
vd drift velocity
where scattering time
FE
ma
E
m
1
e
e
J
ne vd
ne (a )
n
ne 2
Metal:
Six atoms
Solid of N atoms
f FD E
E EF
kT
Fermi filling
function
Conduction band
(Partially Filled)
EF
Energy band
to be filled
E=0
Conduction band
(Empty)
EC
Egap
EF
Valence band
(Filled)
EV
Conduction band
(Partially Filled)
EC
EF
EV
Valence band
(Partially Empty)
n-type Si
EF
Egap~ 1 eV
EC
EV
EA
EF
p-type Si
EC
EF
EV
n-type electrons
EF
holes
p-type
pn regions in equilibrium
EC
EF
EV
+
+
+ +
+ ++
+ ++
++
Depletion Zone
pn Junction: IV Characteristics
Current-Voltage
Relationship
I I o [e
eV / kT
1]
Forward
Bias
Reverse
Bias
p-type
n-type
Forward Bias
p-type
Reverse Bias
n-type
p-type
n-type
e
Majority Carriers
+V
e
Minority Carriers
charge