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Properties of Parallelograms
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Objectives:
To use relationships among sides and angles of parallelograms
To use relationships among diagonals of parallelograms

Warm-up
Use the information in the diagram to determine
which triangles are congruent.
BAD DCB by ASA
ABE CDE using CPCTC and by ASA
BCE DAE using CPCTC and by ASA
AAS, or SAS

Key Definitions
A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with both
pairs of opposite sides parallel.
Line segments AD
and BC are a pair of
opposite sides

To abbreviate a parallelogram you can use the symbol:

To abbreviate parallelograms you can use the symbol: s

Angles D and B
are a pair of
opposite angles.

Important Theorems
If a quadrilateral is a parallelogram then.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Opposite sides are congruent

Opposite angles are congruent
Consecutive angles are supplementary
The diagonals bisect each other

One more theorem

If three or more parallel lines cut off congruent
segments on one transversal, then they cut off
congruent segments on every transversal

Example 1 Find the value of the variables

Consecutive angles are equal to 180
113 + x = 180
x = 67
Opposite angles are equal
4a 4 = 2a + 30
2a = 34
a = 17
Opposite sides are equal
a 3.5= 18.5

or
a = 22

2a 20.4 = a + 1.6

Example 2
Find the value of x and y in
PT = 2x, TR = y + 4, QT = x + 2, TS = y
PT = TR and QT = TS
2x = y + 4

x+2=y

2x 4 = y
2x 4 = x + 2
x =6
y =6 +2
y =8

Example 3
In the figure, PQ = QR = RS, find the missing
lengths
a.
b.
c.
d.

ZU
TU
YX
WX

TX = XZ = UZ = 3
TU = XT + XZ +UZ = 9
WY = YX = XV = 2.25
WX = WY + YX = 4.5

Example 4 find the angles

This angle is
109

Alternate interior
angles OR opposite
angles are congruent
81

Consecutive angles
= 180.
180 109 = 71
Alternate interior
angles OR sum of
the angles is 180
28