Adeno Associated Viruses

One of the most promising potential vector was a recently

discovered virus called adeno associated virus. It infects a
broad range of cells including non dividing and dividing cell. It
contain a genome of single stranded DNA. It can insert genetic
material at specific site with 100 % certainty. This virus is used
to treat hereditary blood diseases such as haemophilia muscle
and eye diseases. This virus can be used to deliver genes to
brain, as the vector can infect non dividing cells like neurons.
Drawback of AAV is that its small and carries only 2 genes to its
natural state.
Herpes Simplex Virus
Mostly used for gene transfer in nervous system. It has a large
genome compared to other virus which enabled scientists to
insert more than one gene into a single virus. It is an ideal
vector as it can impact a wide range of tissue like muscles,
pancreas, liver and nerve cells.
Non Viral Vector
The most simple method is direct DNA injection. The other
methods: Electroporation, sonoporation magnetoporation or
gene guns.
Electroporation: Creation of electric field force used in plasma
membrane.This can be used in DNA molecule
Sonoporation: Ultrasonic Energy used to disrupt the cell
membrane. Using this when we can
Magentoporation: Magnetic particles used complexed with DNA.
In this we use Bio Nano composit for the gene delivery for
example: Iron Nano particles complexed with gene guns using
this we can shoot DNA coated gold nano particles using High
Pressure.
Recepted mediated Gene transfer- in this there is use of DNA
conjugated wave specific proteins or with glycosomes.

The Advantage of Direct Transfer of DNA by chemical

mechanical electrical partical bombardment method or artificial
method like in case of gene gun include the possibility of
transferring large DNA molecules.
Disadvantage of Gene Therapy: Short lived nature of gene
therapy,problem with viral vector,Multigenic
disorder,insertional mutogenesis