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    Manual So Luci Ones 01

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    Manuel
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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 63
    CHAPTER | PROBLEM 1.1 1.1 Two solid cylindrical rods AB and BC are welded together at B and loaded as shown. Knowing that d, = 30 mm and d, = 50 mm, find the average normal stress in the mid section of (a) rod AB, (b) rod BC. a 125KN_p ORN SOLUTION (a) red AB Force? P= 60x/0* N_ tens/ow Arvest A= Bd = E(soxo*) = 706.86 x/0% m! 3 Normo? stress: Gna = £ = ether = 84.88 x/0% Pa = 84.9 MPa ~@ (b) tod BC Force: P = Goxlo® -(2)(12s«1l0") = - 190X/0" N Areas A= Ed, = B sono)? = 1.9635 «10% m* : =~ P ~ 190 x10* Normal stress: 6g. = q = Tee - 16.77«10% Pa Gge = - 96.8 MPa <@ PROBLEM 1.2 1.2 Two solid cylindrical rods 4B and BC are welded together at B and loaded as shown, Knowing that the average normal stress must not exceed 150 MPa in either rod, determine the smallest allowable values of the diameters d, and d SOLUTION vod AB Force? P= GOxIO* N Stress! Og = 190 */0° Pa. Avea: A= $d," po. = Sik =e ATE Myt: HAY = Be, 2, APL Wi(eoxlo®) Pores a, = ee > TUSOxosy = 909-3%10 mm A, = 22.56 x10 m A, = 22.6 mm rod BC Force P= 6OxJo® - (2Xi2s«10?) = - 190x10°N Stress: Gece - 150%/0° Pa Area? A= Fel.” 2b - SP See = A nde sy a, = = CEG 19010 Ly gigguio® om? Te. WT (- 150 */ 0%) d, = 40.16 x1o* om d, = 40.2 mm “a < PROBLEM 1.3 1,3 Two solid cylindrical rods AB and BC are welded together at B and loaded as . shown. Knowing that d, = 1.25 in, and d, = 0.75 in, find the normal stress at the midpoint of (a) rod AB, (b) rod BC. — SOLUTION (a) yod AB pis P= 12+ 10 = 22 kips “ As Bat = B25) = 2272 int 1 -2 2 L . e | Lai Sie = wT gag = «1798 ksi ein “* () rod BC 4 p= 10 kips hp A = Fd, = ElorsyY = o.44ie int pe een = Ge = RF Tage 7 22-6 ksi = PROBLEM 1.4 1.4 Two solid cylindrical rods AB and BC are welded together at B and loaded as shown, Knowing that the normal stress must not exceed 25 ksi in either rod, determine the smallest allowable values of the diameters d, and d; 4 ) SOLUTION = 4 rod AB: P = 12+ lo = 22 kips 5 . u 12 kips Cag 2 25 ksi Awe = $4, am ~2. , Gee =, = Hh ¢ 4, He = DBD. = 1.1208 int abe d,= 1.059 in =e vod BC? P= 10 hips Oge2 AS Ksi Age = Fad,” 2. 4P | MGod _ a. a - - a. Fee F Tass F 95098 in dy = O.714 in, PROBLEM 1.5 1200 1200 N LS A strain gage located at C on the surface of bone AB indicates that the average normal stress in the bone is 3.80 MPa when the bone is subjected to two 1200-N forces asshown. Assuming the cross section of the bone at C to be annular and knowing that its outer diameter is 25 mm, determine the inner diameter ofthe bone’s cross section atc SOLUTION ay = -3 )2_ _(YVC1200) (asso? Y" - Feo oF 222.9 10% m? 14.43 xJO7 m 4" 14.93 mm PROBLEM 1.6 1.6 Two steel plates are to be held together by means of Y%é-in.~diameter high- strength stee! bolts fitting snugly inside cylindrical brass spacers. Knowing that the average normal stress must not exceed 30 ksi in the bolts and 18 ksi in the spacers, determine the outer diameter of the spacers which yields the most economical and safe design, SOLUTION At each bodt location the upper plate is pulled clewn by the fensite force BP, of the bost. At the same time the spacer pushes thet phate upware with a compressive fovee BR. In onder to maintain equi tihriom P= Ps For the bolt & = & = ci o BrtGd: = PB . _4P, - tye For the spacer © G = FE = TO or B= EO (AS-de) Equating PL and Ps FS at = © Gs (de - a?) dv = d+ 2 de : (1+) d,* doz (1+ S28) = 0.16667 in” ds = 0.408 in <« PROBLEM 1.7 1.7 Link BD consists of a single bar 30 mm wide and 12 mm thick. Knowing that each pin has a 10-mm diameter, determine the maximum value of the average normal stress in link BD if(a) @ =0, (b) @= 90 SOLUTION Use bar ABE 20 kn as free body a 8 Fao (a) @=0 (0.450 sin 30" 20x10") = (0.300 cos 30) Fen = 0 Feo = 17.32*/0" N (b) 6 = 9° — (0.450 ews 30°(20x10") - (0.300 cus 30°) Fh = 0 Foo = - 30 x10°N Areas (2) tension foneling A= (0.030~ 0.010)(0.012) = 240 x10" a (b) compression A= (0,080)(0.012) = 360.%/0°% m* Stresses Fae 12.32%/0% | ‘ cy © + Se. TBA + 72.2%10 72.2 MPa EM, 20 (0,010) Fy — (0.025 +0,040)(20xI08) = © Fao = 22.510" N Link BD is in tensron EZMg= 0 ~ (0.040) Fig - (0,025)(20x/0") =O Fag =~ IRS x10 WN Link C& is in compression Net area of one Dink For tension = (0,008)(0,036 - 0.016 ) = 10/0 mn, For two parable Sines — Ang 320 */0°° m* Tensile stress in dink BD ~ Feo. . 32.510? _ < “4 (a Sep = Bui BROX]O™S \OL.S6x/O or $101.6 MPa Area fon one Pink in compression = (9,008)(0.036) = 288x 10 m* Fortwo paratlel Pinks A= 576 x13~ m 3 = WG = RE = RSH = -a170¥10% or - 2,7 MPa me 2 PROBLEM 1.9 1,9 Two horizontal 5-kip forces are applied to pin B of the assembly shown. Knowing that a pin of 0.8-in. diameter is used at each connection, determine the ‘maximum value of the average normal stress (a) in link AB, (6) in link BC SOLUTION Use joint B as Tree body 10 Kips Fg Fee Fig / \ fe 19 Kips Law of Sines Force trvang te Fas _ - Fe - /2 sin 4S? ‘Sin 6 Sin 6? Fas = 7.3205 kips Foc = 8.9658 kips Link AB ts a tension member Minimum section at pin Bnet = (.8- 0.80.5) = OS in* (@) Stress in AQ Ong = a S E8808 = 14.64 ksi =a Link BC is a tompression member Cross Sectional area is Az (1.8)(0-5) = 0.9% in® (b) Stress in BC Sec = —e = 8.4658 = - 9.96 ksi = PROBLEM 1.10 1.10 The frame shown consists of four wooden members, ABC, DEF, BE, and CF. Knowing that each member has a 2 x 4-in, rectangular cross section and that each pin hhas a %- in. diameter, determine the maximum value of the average normal stress (a) in'member BE, (6) in member CF. SOLUTION Add support veactions te Figure as shown. Using entive Frame as Free body =o 4o Dy - AS +30)(420) = © Dy= FOO sb. Use member DEF as Free body ZFS =0 “4D, Ye 3D, - FDO Ss] Fe ELS Dy = De = 1200 db. of Af D F IM. =O “22\($ Fee) - Goris) D, =0 Fes = - 2250 46. IM,=0 (20# Fe) - (1S) Dy =o Fue > 750 4b. 4 coo “h Stress in compression member BE ; Area Az Zine 4in = Bin® y, () Gog > FAB > +2282 281 pn Stress in tension member CFE Raso fh, Minimum section area occurs at pin, Buin = (2U40-0.5) = 7.0 in® mie, [180 be (e) Se = = = Els 1070 ps et minimus section PROBLEM 1.11 1.11 For the Pratt bridge truss and loading shown, determine the average normal stress in member BE, knowing that the cross-sectional area of that member is 5.87 in’. SOLUTION | Use entive truss as Free body 1k ul ZMy=0 SOkips — SOkips SO hips ® Foo iacips 80 kips PROBLEM 1.12 za Lon eb on font on hy * 120 Kips (ayo) +(189(80) + (27)(g0) - 36 A, = O Use portion of tvuss to the Dt Fa section cutting members BD, BE, and CE. +f ZF,= 0 Ro -80-BF =0 eee 3) Sor = RE = S57 = BSR lei = 5 Fag = 50 kips 1.12 Knowing that the average normal stress in member CE of the Pratt bridge truss shown must not exceed 21 ksi for the given loading, determine the cross-sectional area of that member which will yield the most economical and safe design. Assume that both ends of the member will be adequately reinforced SOLUTION Sokips SOhips So ips 8 Fab Fee A Fue 120 bips 80 kips Use entive twss as Free body ul DEMy se (a\(ao) + (18 (80) +(a7Xg0) - 36 Ay = .* Ay = 120 Kips Use portion of truss to the DePt ofa section cutting members BD, BE, and CF DomMg=0 12 Re - @(ne)= 0 2 Fes = 90 Kips Cen = fee ra = te - 40 . ae Pox = Gee QI 4,27 in =< PROBLEM 1.13 1.13 A couple M of magnitude 1500 N- mis applied to the crank of an engine. For the position shown, determine (a) the force P required to hold the engine system in equilibrium, (5) the average normal stress in the connecting rod BC, which has a 450- mm? uniform cross section. SOLUTION Use piston, rod, and evank together as free oocy. db) wad? reaction H and beawing reactions Ay and Ay. DZM,=0 (0.280 m)H - 1S0O Nem = O He 5.3571 108 N P P Use piston alone as tree Ay body. Note that rod is a two-force member; hence the direction Hw of Foree Fac is known. Draw the force triangle ane solve Pr P and Fae by Fee P proportions. he 2 = 200* + 607 = 208.81 mm Pe #2 +s P= 1786x107 HW Go H (a) P= 17.38C kN = Fae = 2EeB) Figg = 18.643 x10" Rod BC is & compression member, Hs area is 4SOmm = 450 x10°m* spre: = Fe _ ~/8-643x/o* eee xe A 450 X10°° ) Gee = - 41.4 MPa IS MIOT mm het R= dength of gle avea and w= width = 100 ma = O.1 m -3 Wolk a Ye A = {Se = [S0%I0 wm © 1SOmm L ah ap = (aiso)+ 8 = 308 mm <= 1.16 Determine the diameter of the largest circular hole which can be punched info a sheet of polystyrene 6-mm thick, knowing that the force exerted by the punch is 45 KN and that a 55-MPa average shearing stress is required to cause the material to fal PROBLEM 1.16 SOLUTION A = Tdt for cydindeicad Pasture such ase Lhenrng shes @= £ A> Equeding Ars dt = Xb = . B < _ 45. «0% i. a Sefving for dd d= aie : Tess GSTTO5) = 48.4x10 m d= 43.4 ram « PROBLEM 1.17 1.17 Two wooden planks, each 74 - in. thick and 6 in. wide, are joined by the glued mortise joint shown, Knowing that the joint will fail when the average shearing stress in the glue reaches 120 psi, determine the smallest allowable length d of the cuts if the joint is to withstand an axial load of magnitude P = 1200 Ib. re SOLUTION Seven surfaces carvy the tela? 5 P Rout P= 1200 fb. Area A= (NG)d= Bd r 2 4 1200 op 2 Ae Ag = 1200 -h = A= + 34 = "R05 d = 1.633 in PROBLEM 1.18 1.18 A load Pis applied to a steel rod supported as shown by an aluminum plate into which a 0.6-in.-diameter hole has been drilled. Knowing that the shearing stress must not exceed 18 ksi in the steel rod and 10 ksi in the aluminum plate, determine the largest load P which may be applied to the rod. poe Odin, SOLUTION tn 095in cen | BL FT For stee# A, = dt = T0609) im = 0.7540 in ; ue £ Pe AT, = (0.7540K 12) = 13.57 kips For aduminun A, = Wdt = W1.6)(0.25) = 1.2566 in® t%2& + Pe At, = Gasee Xie) = 12.57 kips Linwting vale of P is the smattervalye = P= 12.57 Kips ~ iw ey .- t TSM IO Solving for Lb: Le Gw *Giowo® Guito) = 178.6 «10% m 178.6 mm = L 1 1.20 An axial load P is supported by a short W250°x.67 column of cross-sectional PROBLEM 1.20 area A= 8580 mm? and is distributed to a concrete foundation by a square plate as shown, Knowing that the average normal stress in the column must not exceed 150 MPa and thatthe bearing stress on the concrete foundation must not exceed 12.5 MPa, determine the side a of the plate which will provide the most economical and safe design SOLUTION Avea F cofumn? A = 8580 mm = 8580 %/0~ m Norma? ‘stress in Column? © = ISO x/0% Pa. e222 Pe AG= (9s30%5*)(IS0 x10) e = 1.287% ]0°N Bearing plate: Gy= 7 and Aye ob for squavie plate. Ay = at = E = 1:287"10° © gai victm oe SQ) mn et a 1asx 106 PROBLEM 1.21 1.21 Three wooden planks are fastened together by a series of bolts to form a column, The diameter of each bolt is % in. and the inner diameter of each washer is in, which is slightly larger than the diameter of the holes in the planks. Determine the smallest allowable outer diameter d of the washers, knowing that the average normal stress in the bolts is 5 ksi and that the bearing stress between the washers and the planks must not exceed 1.2 ksi. ar SOLUTION Bolt: Aye Ba? = EGY © 0.19635 int 4 Tensife Force in bolt P =. 6,4 = (6 (0.19638) = 0.9817 hips 3 > Washer inside oliameter = dz = $ im, outside diameter = do Bearing area Awe E( db dit) ond Ay = & I 4 Ge Equeting Has - dz’) do = do + Tet (gy Solana x 1.4323 in® do = 1-197 in — PROBLEM 1.22 1.22 Link AB, of width 6 = 2 in. and thickness ¢ = 4 in., is used to support the end of horizontal beam. Knowing that the average normal stress in the link is - 20 ksi and that the average shearing stress in each of the two pins is 12 ksi, determine (a) the diameter d of the pins, (6) the average bearing stress in the link SOLUTION Rod AB is in compress’>n. Az bt where b= Qin and t=thin P= -GA =-C20X24) = 10 kips Pin: ek ond Ap=Zo~ =_/4¥Ar . _/4P 4)Go) ; (oa d= oe fe - Teo 7 1080 33.3 ksi = PROBLEM 1.23 1.8 Each of the four vertical links has an 8 x 36- mm uniform rectangular cross section and each of the four pins has a 16- mm diameter. 1.23 For the assembly and loading of Prob. 1.8, determine (a) the average shearing stress in the pin at B, (6) the average bearing stress at B in link BD, (c) the average cs bearing stress at B in member ABC, knowing that this member has a 10 x $0-mm 7 uniform rectangular cross section SOLUTION Use bar ABC as a Free body ZML=0 (0.040), -(0. 025+ 0.040)(20 x10?) = 6 Feo 7 32.5% 10° N (0) Shear pin at B t= $8 for double shear where A= Bat= E(o.01%)* = 201.06 «10% mt > pes ele = 80.8 «10% 80.8MPa, =< (b) Bearing fink BD A= dt = (0.016)(0.008)= 12810". m* 6 = fe : Los 32.5 410°? = 126.95 10% 127.0 MPa (cy) Bearing in ABC ao B A= dt = (0.016)(0.010) = 160*10"° m 6: fe: Bese = 203 «108 203 MPa =< 2 1.8 Each of the four vertical links has an 8 x 36- mm uniform rectangular cross PROBLEM 1.24 section and each of the four pins has a 16- mm diameter. 1.24 For the assembly and loading of Prob. 1.8, determine (a) the average shearing stress in the pin at C, (B) the average bearing stress at C in link CF, (c) the average bearing stress at C in member ABC, knowing that this member has 2 10 x 50-mm “| uniform rectangular cross section. ic SOLUTION Use bar ABC as a Free body ZMg=o - (0.040), -~ (0.025)(20 x0") = o Fee 2 - 125x108 (a) Shear in pin at C A=$d*= F(0.016)*= 201.06 x10% Double shean T= PE = Se gy yor RK * (2401.06 10") ~ Sil MPa = (b) Bearing in dink CE at C A= dt = (0,016 )(0.008) = 128 /0°* m* ~ aFe _ (05)(12. Se* R= = Sas xic 48.3%10° 482MPa =f (©) Beaning in ABC at C A = dt = (0.016 Mo.010) = 160%10* m Ei 5 1107 = Re = Be = 78.1 »108 78.1 MPa —< PROBLEM 1.25 1.9 Two horizontal S-kip forces are applied to pin B of the assembly shown. Knowing that a pin of 0.8-in. diameter is used at each connection, determine the maximum value of the average normal stress (a) in link AB, (6) in link BC. oe ie 1.25. For the assembly and loading of Prob. 1.9, determine (a) the average shearing stress in the pin at A, (b) the average bearing stress at A in member AB. SOLUTION Use jot B as free body. 10 kps Be Fe 10 kips Law of Sines Force triangle Fie _ Fee ; Sin 45" “Sim G0? Fag ® 7.3208 ksps (a) Shearing stress in pin ot A ve oe ve Aye Fod* = F(0.8) = 0.5026 in® _ 23205 | ; > @esouy= 7% 7.23 ksi 3:72 8.92 ks: = (be) Bearing stress of C im member BC G&= te Az td = (050.8) = 0.4 in* 8. Ou Aes8 = 22.4 aad ks: =< (©) Bearing stress at B in member BC oe oe Az2td =2(0.5)(0.8) = 0.8 in® 6, = 23658 2 ial Val ks; 0-3 1.27. Knowing that@ = 40° and P = 9 KN, determine (a) the smallest allowable PROBLEM 1.27 ‘0 diameter of the pin at B if the average shearing stress in the pin is not to exceed 120 MPa, (6) the corresponding average bearing stress in member AB at B, (c) the ? corresponding average bearing stress in each of the support brackets at B. SOLUTION 16mm NYA Geometry? Triangfe ABC is on isosedes triangle with angles shown heve. me, 12am gis c Law of Sines applied Pp to Force triangde He Fae a ener een E oF sin20* Sin |1D° SinSO° “ Force F< 2 Sin tor trianale 46 Sin 20° = @)sin NO" ~ 24.73 KN Sin 20° (2) Alfowable pin dian eter - Foo, Fw _ 2Fe eee, te Bes ec = SS whee Figs 24:78 010% 2. Faw ~ (2 24.73x108) 1 “6 yt a TP 7 (iao-x108 13118 x10°° om d= 11.45 xJo'm W.4S mn = (e) Beoring stress in AB of A. Az tas (0.016 )UL4S xo) = 193.26 x/0"* m* ~ Fae, _ 24.73/08 _ “ " AgGi = Clcoxjo X40 x08) = 14. 40x10 N IF bearing stress in the bracket at Bis critica Ay= 2td = (2)(0.012\(0.010) = 240%)0% m~ Fas = A, 6, =.(240%/0%)( 40x10") = 21.6x/o* N Ablow able Fig is the smatlest, 1c. 1¥.Woxto® N Then, Prom Stetics Pastas = (0.57785 V4 40x10?) > 8.3) x/0° N 3.3)4N =< PROBLEM 1.29 1.29 The 6- KN load P is supported by two wooden members of 75 125- mm ‘uniform rectangular cross section which are joined by the simple glued scarf splice shown, Determine the normal and shearing stresses in the glued splice. SOLUTION P= 6x/0°N © = 90° 70° = 20° A, = (0.075 (0.125) = 9.375 ©/0$ mi * o e= F s"0 = Lge. 20° . S65 x10" G= SES kPa «a eee = 6108) sin Yo? _ 8 Ce aR sie 28 = “GVaargeres) = 206™0 t= 206kPa = PROBLEM 1.30 125 mm 1.30 Two wooden members of 75 * 125- mm uniform rectangular cross section are joined by the simple glued scarf splice shown, Knowing that the maximum allowable tensile stress in the glued splice is 500 kPa, determine (a) the largest load P which can be safely supported, (6) the corresponding shearing stress in the splice. SOLUTION Ae = (0,075 O25) = 9.375 1o* n® @ = Jo°-7o” = 20° 6 = S00™x10* Pe 6 Ee -s es AS (4.375% }0" )(S00 ¥ I) ees cos* 20° (a) P= 5.31 KN = = Psin2@ _ (5.303S«10" ) sin YO° _ 3 tt. FZ o ~ V4.3 7S €1073) ata (b) C= 182.0 kPa mt PROBLEM 1.31 1.31 Two wooden members of 3 * 6-in. uniform rectangular cross section are joined by the simple glued scarf splice shown. Knowing that the maximum allowable shearing stress in the glued splice is 90 psi, determine (a) the largest load P which can be safely applied, (6) the corresponding tensile stress in the splice. SOLUTION @ = 40° - 40° = 50° A, = GG) = 18 in? Te aa singed = 2A¢ ~ (G8) (90) _ po HE = Gage 7 sete P= 3290 Jb oe Bate_ess" SF = 155 S= 75.5 psi at PROBLEM 1,32 y NF 1,32 Two wooden members of 3 « 6- in. uniform rectangular cross section are joined by the simple glued scarf splice shown, Knowing that P = 2400 Ib, determine the normal and shearing stresses in the glued splice, SOLUTION @ = Fo°-4o" = So” P= 24oo Ab. A, = (2)(6) = 18 int = © catg = 62100) cos" 50" = 55-4 6= ao '@ = 1g Se C- SS lpi oe . = (2900) 5rn Joo® = 2K Qua) es? T= GS.T pst = Rn u bo a z we & f PROBLEM 1.33 1.33 Acentric load Ps applied to the granite block shown. Knowing that the resulting ‘maximum value of the shearing stress in the block is 2.5 ksi, determine (a) the magnitude of P, (6) the orientation of the surface on which the maximum shearing stress occurs, (©)the normal stress exerted on that surface, (d) the maximum value of the normal stress. in the block. SOLUTION Ast (6)(6) = 36 in® Cm? 2.5 ksi O= 45° For plane oP Tone tay a HE os IPl= 2A, Tame = @N(BEKRS) = 180 Kips « (b) sin26=}) 262 90° 62=45° > eh cstases 2 x80 ce Sys a. O° * aR Ban GQ) Cue = E = Hf = - Sksi - PROBLEM 1.34 4.34 A240- kip load P is applied to the granite block shown. Determine the resulting maximum value of (a) the normal stress, (b) the shearing stress, Specify the orientation of the plane on which each of these maximum values occurs. SOLUTION at Ao = (6)(6) = 36 in 6 = £ cos*@ = A212 23° = -6.67 en" (a) mow tensife stress = O ot @ = %* moe. compressive stress = 6.67 ksr -= at @= oO (b) Hy, = = ph saa ks = at @= 45° 1.35 A steel pipe of 300- mm outer diameter is fabricated from 6- mm- thick plate by ‘welding along a helix which forms an angle of 25° with a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. Knowing that a 250- KN axial force P is applied to the pipe, determine the ‘normal and shearing stresses in directions respectively normal and tangential to the weld. PROBLEM 1.35 SOLUTION do = 0.300 m fot tds = DIS mM Yi = %-t = 0.150- 0.006 = O.144.m A, = 1Ne*- Wx*) = 1 (0.150% - 0. 1447,) = 5.54 xjo"$ m* 6 = 25° _ P ta. —2S0xI07 5s’ 25° Sm pres = SE syaTo =-37.1 «10% =~ 37.1 MPa w= se se. =~ 250 x10? sin SO” ak, 8 2 = GN S54 x10) =-17.28 x10* = 17.23 MPa 1.36 A steel pipe of 300- mm outer diameter is fabricated from 6- mm- thick plate by ‘welding along a helix which forms an angle of 25° with a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. Knowing that the maximum allowable normal and shearing stresses in directions respectively normal and tangential to the weld are 0 = 50 MPa and t= 30 MPa, determine the magnitude P of the largest axial force that can be applied to the Pipe. PROBLEM 1.36 SOLUTION d= 0.300 m tetdes 150m Y= %-b = 0.150 ~ 0,006 = O44 m A, = W(re- ne) = T (0. 150*- 0.144%) 5.54 x1O7$ m* 6 = 25° P A Based on \S\= 50 Mfr GO = cos*O p= AS - (5.84 «107*)(Sox 10%) _ 337 x10 cosa 76 €0s* 25° Based on IZ1= 20 MPa t= sim 20 = 2At _ ('S.54 x}0*)( 230x109 _ 4 x Jo P sin 20 sin So° aes Smaller valve is the Buel = 3.60 =< PROBLEM 1.38 1.38 Link BC is 6 mm thick and is made of a steel with a 450- MPa ultimate strength in tension, What should be its width w if the structure shown is being designed to support a 20-KN load P with a factor of safety of 3? SOLUTION a Use bar ACD os a Free body r and note that member BE ic LS a two-Forcs merber. ¢ ZMy = 0 o 480 Fac - 600 P = Pp c= 600P _ (600 aoe) - Foe? “Geo > {soe l (20. 25x10" N For atactor of salety FS. = 3, the ultimate toad of member BC =(FS.) (Fe) = (3)(25% 10°) = 75%10° N - 5 = fe = 75x/0% _ se at But Fos GA A= Ryser = 166.67 * 10° m Foro rectangular sechion Az wt or wsAz 1eé.g7xio* W = 27.8x10* mor 27.8 mm ml 1.39 Member ABC, which is supported by a pin and bracket at C and a cable BD, was PR 39 lah y OBLEM LS designed to support the 4-kip load P as shown, Knowing that the ultimate load for cable BD is 25 kis, determine the factor of safety with respect to cable failure. SOLUTION Use member ABC as a Free body ond note that member BD is a Ho Y ca zMe=0 two-force member CP ces 40") (20m) + (P Sao ) = (Fen cos 30°15 in) ~(Feo sm SO*)UIZim) = Fas = 22:28 p (22.2399 “aX = 6.8715 kips Factor of safely fbr cable BD FS = fut = 2s 1.40 Knowing that the ultimate load for cable BD is 25 kips and that a factor of safety EROBLEM LS) of 3.2 with respect to cable failure is required, determine the magnitude of the largest force P which can be safely applied as shown to member ABC. SOLUTION Use member ABC asa Free body and note that member BD is a two-force mem ber. 18in, vo ZM, = 0 (Rees 40°)(30 in) #(P sin Fo US in) - (Fan cos 80°)(15 in) - (Fey sin 30°)(1I2 iw) = 0 = 18.990 = P= Saag Feo = 058216 Feo Ailowable Mead For member BD is Fey = Eh = 2S = 281askips Aowable toad P= (0.58216 7.8125) = 45S kips =< PROBLEM 1.41 1.41 Members AB and AC of the truss shown consist of bars of square cross section ‘made of the same alloy. It is known that a 20- mm- square bar of the same alloy was tested to failure and that an ultimate load of 120 kN was recorded. Ifbar AB has a 15- mm- square cross section, determine (a) the factor of safety for bar AB, (b) the dimensions of the cross section of bar AC ifit is to have the same factor of safety as bar AB. SOLUTION Length of member AB fga = -[0.15%4 O4* = 0-85 m Use entire uss as a free body Ay f Ay DIM.=O HAY = (o7s22)= 0 Aye IS KN SZR=0 Ay-28=0 Ay= 23 uN . Use joist A as Free body Zekw aA, [ov 72 F=0 SB Re-Ar= 0 eve = Fae = (O8NCIS) 17 kN Fe HZF, 70 Ay- Fe - Sh es 0 Fez 28 220) = Zo uy For the test bar A= (0.020)" = Yooxro m? P= 12010" N For the meteriel Gy = a = {pouo*. = 300x108 Pa (a) For bar ABsCOdRS.= fe = GA, (00x10 \(o.015° au 1710 i = 3.47 - (be) For bar AC | OFS > be = GA _ Gat or bar Fae Fe Fac 2. (FS.) Fa 2 (3.97)(20¥l0®) . -6 we me 300 x/0® foal O.= 16.27 x10 im 16.27 mm A Ay S220 28 Fe- Ay=0 on | Fie Fra = CSQUS) = 17 kW Fre HER HO Ay Fe Sb haco Fre = 28 - L041. = 20 kN For the test bar A = (0.020)"= 4o0x/0° m* PR, = 120x/0° N For the materiel 6) Pe 2 20*I2 = geonio® Pa (a) For member AB re & : SA = Gea a, GS)Fe _ (3.201210) = 191.33 1/o Smt GS So Bco x/o* a = 13.47 x/o% m 13,47 mm << 2 () For menbee ACS, =e > GA. SE Fie Fe Fae b* = Gs\e = B2l2018) 21g gg vot m o 7 300 K1oe bz IL6lxIo*s m 14.6] mn et 1.43 The two wooden members shown, which support a 20-KN load, are joined by plywood splices fully glued on the surfaces in contact. The ultimate shearing stress in the glue is 2.8 MPa and the clearance between the members is 8 mm. Determine the factor of safety, knowing that the length of each splice is Z.= 200 mm. PROBLEM 1.43 SOLUTION There ave 4 seperate areas of give. Each give area must tramsmrt 10 kW of shear Dood. P= oxic N 20KN Length of spfice L= 22+c where P= Pength Pale and c= Searance. P= 4(L-c) = $(0.200-0,008) = 0.096 m Area of que A= Pw = (0.096)(0.120) = 1.52 xIo® mt Ustimte oad Po = TAs (2.8108 (I-S2@10* )= 32.256 %/0° N = Pe. 32.2serlo® _ Factor P safeh FS. = ge = SARTO = 3.23 = 1.43 The two wooden members shown, which support a 20-kN load, are joined by plywood splices fully glued on the surfaces in contact. The ultimate shearing stress in the glue is 2.8 MPa and the clearance between the members is 8 mm, kN 20mm 1.44 For the joint and loading of Prob. 1.43, determine the required length L of each splice if factor of safety of 3.5 is to be achieved. > SOLUTION Theve ore 4 sepavate aveas of qhuee Each 8mm qlve avea must transmit 10 kN oP shear we foad. P = loxjo* N Required ultimate foad Pot (FS.)(PY = (3.5\loxlo®) = 35/0" Required dength 2 oF each gle area : = Po. _3S5x)0% - ~3 Poe GA r,4w 4d Tew * Ganov\Oe0) * 104.17 x10 wl PROBLEM 1.44 Length of splice L=2b+e = (2\(i04.17I0*) + 0,008 = Z16.3 x1o* m ZIG mm = Soxi08 7 3.02 = = 60.319 1/0" N for same FS. -BR-. BRB = = Oo = A = Weta) where We 4Omm = 0.040m a Po 0.319"/0>_ sat} xo? bed +Te— = 0016 +a eyeowmsy = Theo m be Wb mm = Shear in wood Py = 60.3/9 »10" N fon same FS. Double shear; each area is A= we - Po. be = 2A ~ Qwe . i = 60.319 x/02 = C= Tw Te * (aYo.0¥0)(7.5 10°) C= 100.5 mm =< 100.5 410° m 1.47 Aload Piis supported as shown by a steel pin which has been inserted in a short PROBLEM 1.48 wooden member hanging from the ceiling. The ultimate strength of the wood used is (60 MPa in tension and 7.5 MPa in shear, while the ultimate strength of the steel is 150 MPa in shear. 1.48 For the support of Prob. 1.47, knowing that b = 40 mm, ¢= 55 mm and d = 12 mm, determine the allowable load P if an overall factor of safety of 3.2 is desired. SOLUTION Based on double shear in pin Py = 2AM = 2¥d*z, = E(2)(0.012)(150x10*) = 33.93 x10° N Based on tension in wood Bs AS = wlb-d)G = (0.0490)(0.040 - 0.012)(60 10°) = 67.2 xlo?N Based on double shear in the wood Py = 2A, = Awe, = (2W0.040)(0. 085 (7.5 108) = 33.0 xJ0° N Use smablest Py = 33.0 xj" N Abowehbe Pr #& = 33.0 410° F 10.3)*/0" N 10.3) kN -_ LF TES) 1.49 In the structure shown, an 8- mm diameter pin is used at 4, and 12- mm- diameter pins are used at B and D. Knowing that the ultimate shearing stress is 100 MPa at all connections and that the ultimate normal stress is 250 MPa in each of the two links joining B and D, determine the allowable load P if an overall factor of safety of ‘Top view 3.0 is desired -200 mm—+}-180 mm 19 een SOLUTION aw + hee Sam ZMg=e0 0.20 Fy-O.IR P =O team —| per Side view ZMazO 0.20 Fep-0.38P = O Based on double shear in pin A et Fao A=¥d? = F(o.00a)* = 50.266 xIOS m* F, = SRA. (el 100 x10*)( 0.266 ¥IO) 2 3.35) xJo2 N p= 2A = 3.72 x10" N Based on double shear in pins ad Band D A= Dd*= Fool = 113.10 x10" © m™ « -6 Feo = GA = AMl0o x10 )(N3.10#10"E) = a ca int y 3-0 3.97 x108 N P= 2 Feo Based on compression in Sinks BD For one Rink A= (0.020 )(0,008) = 160 x/07 m* 26,A = (2) 280 10! Ugo nis*) = 26.7 *I0°N Foo = “Ee P = Fa = 1.04 x1o* N Pr 3.72%10°N 3.72 KN = AWowabse value of P is smablest + 1.8 Each of the four vertical links has an 8 x 36- mm uniform rectangular cross FROBLEM 1.24 section and each of the four pins has a 16- mm diameter 1.24 For the assembly and loading of Prob. 1.8, determine (a) the average shearing stress in the pin at C, (b) the average bearing stress at ( in link CE, (c) the average bearing stress at C in member ABC, knowing that this member has a 10 x $0-mm ic SOLUTION Use bar ABC as a Free body ZMgzoO - (0.040), - (0.025)(z0x/0") = o Fag 2 - 12510" (a) Shear in pin at C A=Fd*= (0.016) = 201.06 >/0% mw Double shear T= SE = L128 He gy ey" RA ~ (2)(201.06 x10) ~ 3i1 MPa = (b) Bearing in dink CE at C A= dt = (0. 016)(0.008) = 123 «10° m* Ge tke _ (0.5)( - \a3 x] 48.3%J0° 482MPq Soduing for b - 3 , Georl25) or 4 * Bc) 1.550 in « Basedon shear between plate and concrete sfah = pen'meter ¥ depth = 2(ar+tdb Ts = 0.300 ksi R= TA = 2% Cart)b rss B lving fo =(S)P _ _G@6)(2-5) Selving ter D 5 A(att)% — (2)(1.550+E 0.300) b = 8.05 ih -_ 1.55 A steel plate §- in. thick is embedded in a horizontal concrete slab and is used PROBLEM 1.56 rt to anchor a high-strength vertical cable as shown. The diameter of the hole in the plate oI is} in, the ultimate strength of the steel used is 36 ksi , and the ultimate bonding stress between plate and concrete is 300 psi. 1.56 Determine the factor of safety for the cable anchor of Prob. 1.55 when P= 3 kips, knowing that a= 2 in. and 6 = 7.5 in SOLUTION ox 3 kips Based on tension in plate “ Azla-d)t = (2-4)CE) = 0.3906 in® Po= GA = (36 (0.3906) = 14.06 kips ~ Be. 1406 - Rss Beg 4.69 Based on shear between plate and concrete slab A= perimeter » depth = 2(a+t)b = 2(a+2)(75) A= 34.69 in®™ Yo = 0.300 ksi Po= TA = (0.300)(34.67) = 10.41 kips Fs. > Bs WM. 3.47 Actual factor of satety is the smaller value Fs.=3.47 = PROBLEM 1.57 ‘+157 A.40-kg platform is attached to the end B of a 50-kg wooden beam AB, which is supported as shown by a pin at A and by a slender steel rod BC with a 12-KN ultimate load. (a) Using the Load and Resistance Factor Design method with a resistance factor $= 0.90 and load factors y= 1.25 and y, = 1.6, determine the largest load which can bbe safely placed on the platform. (5) What is the corresponding conventional factor of safety for rod BC? SOLUTION 4 4? “\}: Ay We IW, DZM,=0 (24)8P — 24 Wi -12W, + Pr EW,+Ew, For dead Poading W, = (40)(9.81) = 392.4 N Wy = (S081) = 490.5 Pe (SX 392.4) + (F 490.8) © 1.0628 x Jo® N For Dive Joa ding W, = mg We = 0 POF = mg From whieh m= alos Bw q Design entenion LR +h = OP R= 2R-*R _ (0.90) wot) = (1.257) (1.0628 x10) LG@ TL = 5.92010" N APowabse Poad m= Stasi! = BER ky « Conventional Factor safety Pr Ra P= 1.0628 10% + 5.920x)0® = 6.933 x/0* N Es. = 2% . _2xI0% P* Saaaxoe 7118 - 1.58 The Load and Resistance Factor Design method is to be used to select the two cables which will raise and lower a platform supporting two window washers. The platform weighs 160 Ib and each of the window washers is assumed to weigh 195 Ib with his equipment. Since these workers are free to move on the platform, 75% of their total weight and of the weight of their equipment will be used as the design live load of each cable.. (a) Assuming a resistance factor_ = 0.85 and load factors 7 ~ 1.2 and Y= 1.5, determine the required minimum ultimate load of one cable. (6) What is the conventional factor of safety for the selected cables? PROBLEM 1.58 SOLUTION %~yPo+%R = PPR Pp, = BR+hR P . Wade 160) + (1S VEG x2 *198) - 0.85 = 624 Jb. ~« Conventional factov of safety P= R+PR= d804 OW xAx 19s = 372.5 th s. = fe . 64% sy, = gE BAe 1.689 1.59 For the truss and loading shown, determine the average normal stress in PROBLEM 1.59 member DF, knowing that the cross-sectional area of that member is 2500 mm SOLUTION Using method of joints te find member forces Joint B: AB and BD ave zero fovce membevs. Joint At Dyp = [B*4295* = 3.15 m 130 oN 130 kn i S Fa By simifar triangdes “ Fe . Fro _ 180 . Force Be Pye 225 fb. Trangle ams (compression ) Joint D on Fee By simiflar triangles ~~ Re Fee - 225 Feo 2aS 3.75 For = 135 BN (comp) For = 135*109 N Area: Ay = 2500 mm” = 2500 %10% m™ * —FGoxoe * ~S#x/O. Pa = - 54.0 MPa met PROBLEM 1.60 1.60 Link AC has a uniform rectangular cross section + in. thick and 1 in. wide. Determine the normal stress in the central portion of that link. SOLUTION a Use the plate together B. with two pulleys as a *20 Me Free body. Note thet ia the cable tension 120 2b L causes at [200 fb-in oe chock wise coupde +o act on the body. — we 1201 J won| DImMg= Oo U2 +4 V Fy cos 307) + (101 Fre sin 30°) - 1260 = O Fre = - aoe = -135.50 4. Avea of Pink AC? A= linv dine O.125 tn® Lp : ih ! a Ls Stress in fink AC? Gigs Bi = - (BSS = 1084 pi 34 ksi @ayaoy = 4 = -2. BP _1000 . : © OL= A ae 7 YA) R6C7 psi = 1.65 Two plates, each 3-mm thick, are used to splice a plastic strip as shown. PROBLEM 1.65 Knowing that the ultimate shearing stress of the bonding between the surfaces is 900 kPa, determine the factor of safety with respect to shear when P = 1500 N Pp SOLUTION ETD fend area: (See Hgure) ke Az 4 (6e)Q@2) s(I5)(60) = 1500 mm™ = 1500x108 m™ Py = 2AT, = (AdlIS00x Io qooxto*) = 2700 N mai llimeters ee eLyvepeeal oes 0 = Fs. 7 #? fsoo = 1:30 1.66 Two wooden members of 3.5 5.5-in. uniform rectangular cross section are PROBLEM 1.66 joined by the simple glued scarf splice shown, Knowing that the maximum allowable shearing stress in the glued splice is 75 psi, determine the largest axial load P which can be safely applied SOLUTION A= (3-5 MS.8) = 19.28 int @ = 4o°- 20" = 70" re £ Six Ocer® = & Sin 26 p- 2AZ . @ri.2eVWIS) _ yyag pp = yng Kins < Sind Sin [40° 1.67 A steel loop ABCD of length 1.2 m and of 10-mm diameter is placed as shown PROBLEM 1.67 around a 24-mim-diameter aluminum rod AC. Cables BE and DF, each of 12-mm diameter, are used to apply the load Q. Knowing that the ultimate strength of the aluminum used for the rod is 260 MPa and that the ultimate strength of the steel used for the loop and the cables is 480 MPs, determine the largest load Q which can be applied if an overall factor of safety of 3 is desired SOLUTION on F @ Using joint B asafvee bod and considering squmetry? PO Tin 2:38is -Q=zo Fas Q: $fia Using joint A as a free b Fan cndtchnciaong Syeehey Fe 2-4Fa- Fre = 0 Foe 2 €Q-Feed 2 Qe 2k. Based on strength f cable BF Qu = GAs GB Ed* = (ysoxiot) F (0.012) = 54.2401% N Based on strength of steel oop Qu: $Figu = SOA= $6, Fa" = £(480x10°) F(0.010)" = 45.24xj0* N Besed on strength of root AC G2 FFs $GA = 36, Ed" = § (abontot) FE (0.024) = 38.22 %/0% Actua? vitimete foad Quy is the smadfest - Qy= 48.2410" N Moy ble Joad Q= 2 z AS Rhxio | 15,08 x10" N = 15,08 kN = 1.68 Link AC has a uniform 4x - in, uniform rectangular cross section and is, PROBLEM 1.68 made of a steel with a 60-ksi ultimate normal stress. It is connected to a support at A and to member BCD at C by }-in.-diameter pins, while member BCD is connected to asupport at Bbya jg-in-diameter pin. All of the pins are in single shear and are made of a stee! with a 25-ksi ultimate shearing stress. Knowing that an overall factor of safety of 3.25 is desired, determine the largest load P which can be safely applied at D. Note that link AC is not reinforced around the pin holes. SOLUTION D=IM,=0 GYER.)-10 P= 0 Fae = 2.08338 P P= 0.480 Fe S=ZF.rO By-$F,.=0 Be = 2. = (S¥20883P) = 1.25 P HIRO | 6B +dRL- P= 0 B+ P- $(z08a3sP) = - 0.06667 P Be fOrsBt = 1.4/607P, Pro.70seB Based on strength of Jink AC* Go = 60 bs Ant = (EY A-#) = 0.0312505 Fiagu = WAnt »(60X0.08/25)= L8IF ki, Pu = (0.480 (1-895) = 0.900 kip. Based on strength of pin at @: Ap = Ga> = F(Z)" = 0. NOt in® T= 2Sksi Fey = LApn = (250.1045) = 276) kip Po = ©-480 (2.761) = 1825 kip, Based on strength of pin at B: Apia = Fd’ - EGE) = 0.07670 in* By = Apia = (25)(0.07670) = 1.9175 kip. R= (0.70588\1.9175) = 1.38385 kip Actucd Py is the smablest: Put 0.900 kip, AWowobte vole for Pi P= Be - 2922 . 9277 kip = 277 fb PROBLEM 1.69 1.69. The two portions of member AB are glued together along a plane forming an “ angle @ with the horizontal. Knowing that the ultimate stress for the glued joint is 17 MPa in tension and 9 MPa in shear, determine the range of values of @ for which the { JOKN factor of safety of the member is at least 3.0. SOLUTION . A, = (0.0801(0.050) = 1.50/07 m* P = loxio* N RB =(FS)P = Zoxie N Based on tentide stress soon 20 mm Se fe cos*O ay - SeAs . (17 #10*)i.Soxio*) cane PR * 30 *¥lo*® paced cos © = 0.92195 @= 2.17 OF 22.79" Based on shearing stress 7 = Bb sins = Ti, sin 20 sinQo= 2AcTs . QXI-SO xlo™ XII) _ 9.900 Po 30 x102 . 20 = 6416? 6 = 32.08" @ ¥ 32,08" Henco 22.77° € @ € 32.038" —- PRORCEMITD 1.70 The two portions of member AB are glued together along a plane forming an angle @ with the horizontal. Knowing that the ultimate stress for the glued joint is 17 MPa in tension and 9-MPa in shear, determine (a) the value of @ for which the factor of safety of the member is maximum, (8) the corresponding value of the factor of safety. (Hint: Equate the expressions obtained for the factors of safety with respect to ‘normal stress and shear.) SOLUTION A, = (0.030)(0.050) = |.50*10* m* At ‘the optimum angle (FS)e 7(FS)e Novm al stress? = fenste 2 Rye: SAS (F526 > Be = GA. Sheoving stvess: T= Esioure Re sits, 6 . Be. As (FS. = BE = pxSarS Equeting: Sede . Todo Peos*O ~ PenO uso? SoWing: $28 = tue = = F205; Our ange = They P, =Sahe . U7 Hl0%\(sono) . 99, e510; ae cos? 279° 32ST _ ES = pt jonor 7 326 = PROBLEM 1.C1 Element Element 1 AVERAGE Area =A; 1.C1 A solid steel rod consisting of n cylindrical elements welded to- ‘gether is subjected to the loading shown. The diameter of element i is denoted by d,; and the load applied to its lower end by P,, with the magnitude P; of this load being assumed positive if P; is directed downward as shown and negative otherwise. (a) Write a computer program which can be used with either SI or USS. customary units to determine the average stress in each element of the rod. (b) Use this program to solve Probs. 1.1 and 1.3. SOLUTION FORCE IN ELEMENT Lt [£15 the sum of the forces applied To that element and all fower onc: FRe> F STRESS IN ELEMENT 6 Td. Ave steess= PROGRAM OUTPUTS Problem 1.1 Problem 1.3 Element Stress (MPa) Element Stress (ksi) 1 84.883 1 22.635 2 -96.766 2 17.927 PROBLEM 1.C2 1.C2_A 20-KN force is applied as shown to the horizontal member ABC. ‘Member ABC has a 10 X 50-mm uniform rectangular cross section and is sup- ported by four vertical links, each of 8 X 36-mm uniform rectangular cross section. Each of the four pins at A, B, C, and D has the same diameter d and is in double shear. (a) Write a computer program to calculate for values of d from 10 to 30 mm, using 1-mm increments, (1) the maximum value of the av- erage normal stress in the links connecting pins B and D, (2) the average nor- ‘mal stress in the links connecting pins C and E, (3) the average shearing stress in pin B, (4) the average shearing stress in pin C, (5) the average bearing stress at B in member ABC, (6) the average bearing stress at C in member ABC. (b) Check your program by comparing the values obtained for d = 16 mm with the answers given for Probs. 1.8, 1.23, and 1.24. (c) Use this program to find the permissible values of the diameter d of the pins, knowing that the allow- able values of the normal, shearing, and bearing stresses for the steel used are, respectively, 150 MPa, 90 MPa, and 230 MPa. (d) Solve part c, assuming that the thickness of member ABC has been reduced from 10 to 8 mm. SOLUTION FORCES In LINKS PH20 EN FB, Diecrrnh OF ABC: PIM=O: 2 Fap(BO-P(AC)=0 Fap= P(AG/2 (BO) (TENSION) +) 2 My= 0: 2E, (BC)-P(AR) =0 2Fep Fog = P(RB/Z(BC) (ComP.) (1) Link BD Ld (2) Link Fa Thickness= ty eee ness - t CY Asy=t, (wz-d) qs ‘ oO” Cyp=+ Fp /A Ee) ce = Ly we ? ee 6 FP KO ot A=6in, b= 3in, X= 40, C= 150 psi, , = 214 psi, ALPHA SIG(psi) TAU(psi) FSN FSs FS 5.0000 1.0128 11.5765 148.1018 18.4857 18.4857 10.0000 4.0205 22.8013 37.3089 9.3854 9.3854 :0000 8.9316 33.3333 16.7942 6.4200 6.4200 «9.0000 15.5970 42.8525 9.6172 4.9939 4.9939 25.0000 23.8142 51.0696 6.2988 4.1904 4.1904 30.0000 33.3333 57.7350 4.5000 3.7066 3.7066 35.0000 43.8653 62.6462 3.4196 3.4160 3.4160 40,0000 55,0901 65.653g 2.7228 3.2595 2.7228 <@ (A) 45.0000 66.6667 66.6667 2.2500 3.2100 —Z-750T ay (c) 50.0000 78.2432 65.6538 1.9171 3.2595 1.9171 55.0000 89.4680 62.6462 1.6766 3.4160 1.6766 60.0000 100.0000 57.7350 1.5000 3.7066 1.5000 65.0000 109.5192 51.0696 1.3696 4.1904 1.3696 70.0000 117.7363 42.8525 1.2740 4.9939 1.2740 75.0000 124.4017 33.3333 1.2058 6.4200 1.2058 80.0000 129.3128 22.8013 1.1600 9.3854 1.1600 85.0000 132.3205 11.5765 1.1336 18.4857 1.1336 PROBLEM 1.C6 1.C6 Member ABC is supported by a pin and bracket at A and by two links which are pin-connected to the member at B and toa fixed support at D. (a) Write a computer program to calculate the allowable load Py for any given values of (1) the diameter d, ofthe pin at 4, (2) the common diameter d, of the pins at B and D, G) the ultimate normal stress @ in each of the two links, (4) the ultimate shearing 8mm stress f; in each of the three pins, (5) the desired overall factor of safety F.S. Your ‘Top view program should also indicate which of the following three stresses is critical: the 900 am} 180 amen normal stress in the links, the shearing stress in the pin at A, or the shearing stress re “7 [2mm in the pins at B and D. (b and c) Check your program by using the data of Probs. _4 1.49 and 1.50, respectively, and comparing the answers obtained for Py with those a y _giveninthe text. 2) Use your program to determine the allowableload Fa as well c as which of the stresses is critical, when d, = d, = 15 mm, o, = 110 MPa for aluminum links, £, = 100 MPa for stee! pins, and F.S. = 3.2. SOLUTION ® (a) FB DIAGRAM OF ABC: tm é : Mae =a mn Paes es i fen OP peas ~ 160 "A G) For given dy of pin A: R= 2G, /es\iPd?/), Pye 300 A (2) tor given dof pins Band D: Fyp= 2(G, /FMd,|¥), B= 200k ®) For ult : @) for ultimate stress in links BD: A = 2(0,/F5)(0,02)(0,008), P = 202 (4) Enc ult shearing ctrese in pings ae of ; 000) mae ° Far wf shes ct eM. ping: F, is the smaller of F, and F, () Exe desitel overall £52 Py is the smaller of Band Py If Bos Py, stress is critical in links If Fy

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