The Kingdom of Qocho, (traditional Chinese: ; simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: wiwr)

(Mongolian &6-&7 Uihur) also called the Idiqut state ("Holy Wealth, Glory"), was an Uyghur

state created during AD 856866, based in the cities of Qocho (also called Kara-Khoja) near Turpan,
Beshbalik, Kumul, and Kucha. Qocho serves as the winter capital with Beshbalik its summer capital. It
was also called Uyghuristan or Uyghurstan in its later period.
The kingdom was a Buddhist state, with state-sponsored Buddhism and Manichaeism, and it can be
considered the center of Uyghur culture. The Uyghurs sponsored the construction of many of the temple
caves in nearby Bezeklik. They abandoned their old alphabet and adopted and modified the script of the
Sogdians, which later came to be known as the Uyghur script.[1] The Idiquts (title of the Karakhoja
rulers) ruled independently until they become a vassal state of the Kara-Khitans. In 1209, the KaraKhoja ruler Idiqut Barchuq declared his allegiance to the Mongols under Genghis Khan, and the
kingdom existed as a vassal state until 1335. After submitting to the Mongols, the Uyghurs went into the
service of the Mongol rulers as bureaucrats, providing the expertise that the initially illiterate nomads
lacked.[2] Qocho continued exist as a vassal to the Mongols of the Yuan dynasty, and were allied to the
Yuan against the Chagatai Khanate. Qocho was finally conquered by Khizr Khoja of the Chagatai
Khanate around the 1390s.
Professor James A. Millward described the original Uyghurs as physically Mongoloid, giving as an
example the images in Bezeklik at temple 9 of the Uyghur patrons.