Professional Documents
Culture Documents
116374621 Ma Trận trong Matlab PDF
116374621 Ma Trận trong Matlab PDF
nh ngha .
Trong Matlab th ma trn c
hiu theo mt cch n gin .Ma
trn l mt mng hnh ch nht
cc s.
Ma trn gm cc dng (row) v
cc ct (column). Cc dng hay
ct gi chung l Vector
V d
1 2 3
9 4 5
8 7 6
A=
16
5
9
3
10
6
2
11
7
nhp ma trn t cc hm c
sn:
>> zeros(2,3)
ans =
0 0 0
0 0 0
>> eye(2)
ans =
1 0
0 1
>> rand(1,8)
ans =
0.9501 0.2311 0.6068 0.4860
0.8913 0.7621 0.4565 0.0185
>> ones(2,3)
ans =
1
1
1
1
1
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
S mc ni Ma trn.
Xa dng v ct ca ma trn.
Ma trn chuyn v
Lnh Diag
Lnh Sum
Lnh Det
Ma trn symbolic
Cc ton hng ma trn.
1.S mc ni Ma trn.
Matlab cho php kt hp cc ma trn con to ra mt ma
trn ln hn.
V D :
>> b=ones(3,3)
a=
>> c=zeros(3,3)
1 1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0
>> a=[b c;c b]
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
T tham s.
T cc s thc.
nh ngha ma trn symbolic , hai lnh sym v syms thng c s
dng:
Sym(a): tr v kt qu l mt bin symbolic tn l a.
Sym([...;...;...;]): tr v mt ma trn symbolic.
Sym(A): vi A l mt s thc hay ma trn s thc s tr v mt bin hay
ma trn Symbolic.
Sym arg1 arg 2 tng ng vi arg1=sym(arg1); arg2=sym(arg2).
8.Cc ton hng trn Ma trn: trong Matlab tn ti cc ton hng sau.
A + B A, B phi c cng kch thc ,ngoi tr 1 trong 2 l gi tr v hng
A B A, B phi c cng kch thc, ngoi tr 1 trong 2 l gi tr v hng
A* B
A.* B Nhn tng phn t ca A vi tng phn t ca B, A;B cng kch thc
A\B
A./ B
A* = [Ab]mx(n+1) l ma
trn y
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nghch o ma trn.
Phng php kh Gauss Jordan.
Phng php phn ra ma trn(LU).
Hng ca ma trn v iu kin c nghim ca h
phng trnh A*X = B.
1.Nghch o ma trn.
Xt phng trnh tuyn tnh. Di dng ma trn h c dng sau.
AX = B
X = 1 B
Vi 1 l ma trn nghch o ca ma trn h s A.
4.2Lnh null.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
nh ngha.
Cch tm.
Lnh eig.
Lnh poly.
Tnh nh thc , nghch o, ly tha ca ma trn
thng qua ma trn gi tr ring v vecto ring.
1.nh ngha.
Cho ma trn vung A cp n . S c gi l mt gi tr ring ca ma trn A nu
tn ti vecto ct x 0, x , sao cho A x = x . Khi vecto x c gi l
vecto ring ca ma trn A tng ng vi gi tr ring .
2. Cch tm.
Vi A l ma trn vung cp n cho th vecto ct x 0 l vecto ring ca ma trn
A khi v ch khi A x = x hay :
A x - x=0
x = Ix
(I l ma trn n v c kch thc n x n)
Ax - I x=0
(A - I) x = 0
Gi ring l nghim ca a thc |A - I| = 0
Nu khai trin nh thc ta s c mt a thc vi bin . a thc ny gi l a
thc c trng .Nu A l m trn n x n th a thc ny c dng sau :
3.Lnh eig
Tnh gi tr ring v vecto ring ca ma trn vung s dng c cho
cc hai phng php s va symbolic.
4.Lnh poly
Tr v a thc ca ma trn A.
C php : poly(A) nu A l mt ma trn symbolic , th kt qu tr v l mt a
thc c trng. Nu A l mt hm ma trn s th kt qu tr v l mt mng
cha cc h s ca a thc ny.
V D :
Vi D v V l cc gi tr ring v cc
vecto ring c chun ha ca
ma trn A. V ma trn cc gi tr
ring l ma trn ng cho c
ngha l cc phn t khc khng ch
nm trn ng cho chnh do vy
vic thc hin nghch o ma trn,
tnh nh thc ma trn, ly ly tha
ma trn c n gin i rt nhiu
nu chng ta thc hin trn ma trn
ng cho chnh
Tip
Ch : Hm eig ca MATLAB khng cung cp cho chng ta ma trn
vecto ring c chun ha . Do s dng cc tnh cht ca ma trn
trn chng ta cn chun ha chng trc
V D 1 :
Tip v d 2:
Cc Loi
Hm
norm
normest
M t
Tnh chun cc vecto hoc ma trn
Chun 2 ca ma trn
rank
Hng ca ma trn
det
nh thc ca ma trn
trace
null
Null space
orth
rref
subspace
Cc phng trnh
tuyn tnh
\ and/inv
cond
Condest
chol
cholinc
lu
luinc
qr
lsqnonneg
Nonnegative least-squares
pinv
Nghch o ca ma trn o
lscov
Tr ring v cc gi
tr t do
eig
svd
Phn tch cc gi tr t do
eigs
Mt vi gi tr ring
svds
Mt vi gi tr t do
poly
a thc c trng
polyeig
condeig
hess
qz
schur
Hessenberg form
Tham s QZ
Cc hm ma trn
expm
Ma trn m
logm
Ma trn logarithm
sqrtm
funm