Chapter 1 + 2.

09/02/2014

Chemistry- the study of matter

Its properties
The changes that matter undergoes
The energy associated w/ these changes
Matter- everything that has mass and volume
Composition- The type and amount of simpler substances that make
the matter.
Properties- the characteristics that give each substance a unique
identity
Physical Properties those which the substance shows by itself without
interacting w another substance Ex: color, temperature, density, hardness,
conductivity, texture
Chemical Properties- those which the substance shows as if it interacts
or transforms in to other substances Ex. Flammability, Rusting, Toxicity,
Acidity
Iron rusts Iron reacts with oxygen gas to form iron oxide
Section 1.2
Scientific knowledge is testable, reproducible, explanatory, predictive,
and tentatively.
We begin by conducting a hypothesis, a tentative explanation of a
facts or observations.
We test the hypothesis by performing experiments collecting data
(measurements)
The hypothesis is revised and the process continues

When our hypothesis successfully predicts what will happen, we

designate it as a scientific law.
A

theory is the explanation of the law

Boyles Law (PV=K; gas at a constant temperature)
Kinetic Molecular Theory is our best explanation for Boyles Law
No hypothesis or theory can be true
It may be disproved

Section 1.3 + 1.4

SI Base Units (Systeme International)
Physical
Quantity
Mass
Length
Time
Electric Current
Temperature
Amount of
Substance
Luminous
Intensity

Unite Name
Kilogram
Meter
Second
Ampere
Kelvin
Mole
Candela

Unit
abbreviation
Kg
M
S
A
K
Mol
Cd

SI Derived Units and Non SI Units

Some combinations of SI units come up frequently

W(work)=Force*Distance
F(Force)=Mass*Acceleration
W=Kgm/s^2 >>> Joules(J)
Some common Non-SI Units
Pressure(Pascal)=atm(atmosphere) or torr
Volume(Cubic Meters)=Liters
Density(kg/m^3)=g/cm^3 or g/mL
Dimensional Analysis
Treat units like algebraic values
Cancel the units until you the correct one
Extensive and Intensive Properties
Extensive Properties depend on the amount of substance
Mass
Intensive Properties independent of the amount of substance present
Most intensive properties are rations of extensive properties
Density
Is pressure intensive or extensive?
Intensive (Ratio of two Extensive Properties)
Temperature Scales + Interconversions
BP of Water at 100 degrees C, 373.15 degrees K, 212 degrees F
FP of Water at 0 degrees C, 273.15 degrees K, 32 degrees F
For Water Specific Heat is 4.184 Joules