n Chuyn Nghnh

Thit k h thng c c

LI NI U
Ngnh cng nghip sn xut ha cht l mt ngnh cng nghip quan trng nh
hng n nhiu ngnh khc. Mt trong nhng sn phm c quan tm sn xut kh
nhiu l Amoni Nitrat (NH4NO3) do kh nng s dng rng ri ca n trong nng nghip
cng nh quc phng. Trong qu trnh sn xut NH4NO3, qu trnh c c thng c
s dng thu c dung dch NH4NO3 c nng cao, tha mn nhu cu s dng a
dng v tit kim chi ph vn chuyn, tn tr.
Vi mc tiu , n ny thc hin thit k h thng c c dung dch NH4NO3

Cu trc ca tp n ny, gm c cc phn:

Mc lc.
Li ni u
Chng 1: Tng quan v NH4NO3
Chng 2: Tng quan v c c
Chng 3: Tnh ton cng ngh
Chng 4: Tnh ton c kh
Kt lun.
Ti liu tham kho
i vi sinh vin ngnh My v Thit b Cng nghip Ha cht Du kh, vic
thc hin n tnh ton thit k l ht sc quan trng. N va to c hi cho sinh vin
n tp v hiu mt cch su sc nhng kin thc hc v my v cc qu trnh thit b
va gip sinh vin tip xc, quen dn vi vic la chn, thit k, tnh ton chi tit mt h
thng thit b vi cc thng s k thut c th.
Em xin chn thnh cm n thy V nh Tin hng dn tn tnh trong qu
trnh em thc hin n chuyn ngnh ny. ng thi em cng xin gi li cm n n
cc thy c khc trong b mn My v Thit b Cng nghip Ha cht Du kh cng
nh cc bn gip , cho em nhng kin t vn b ch trong qu trnh hon thnh
n. Tuy nhin do kin thc cn hn ch nn khng trnh khi nhng sai st trong qu
trnh thc hin n, em mong nhn c nhng gp t thy v cc bn hon thin
n ny.

H Ni, Ngy 9/2/2015

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Thit k h thng c c

Chng 1: Tng quan v NH4NO3

1.1. Gii thiu chung
Tn khoa hc: Ammonium nitrate
Tn thng gi: Amn nitrat
Cng thc ha hc: NH4NO3

Hp cht ny ln u tin c tm thy l hp cht t nhin sa mc

Atacama Chile, nhng hin nay vic s dng ch yu thng qua qu trnh
tng hp hu c. Cht ny thng c dng trong nng nghip lm phn
bn v cng c s dng lm cht xi ha trong thuc n, c bit l cc
thit b n t to.

1.2. Tnh cht vt l c bn

Dng tn ti: Tn ti dng tinh th rn hay bt mu trng, trng
xm.
Phn t lng: 80,052 g / mol
T trng: 1,725 g / cm3(20 C)
im nng chy: 169,6 C (337,3 F; 442,8 K)
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Thit k h thng c c

im si: khong 210 C ( phn hy)

ha tan:
Tan nhanh trong nc nhit cao:
118 g / 100 ml (0 C)
150 g / 100 ml (20 C)
410 g / 100 ml (60 C)
1024 g / 100 ml (100 C)
Tan t trong etanol
Khi tan hp th nhiu nhit
ht m cao:
Kh nng ht m cao nn d vn cc, gim vn cc, ngi ta
trn NH4NO3 vi mt lng nh mt s thuc nhum hay mui st
ca mt axit bo hoc rc bt ca mt s mui v c ln ht
NH4NO3.
D phn hy nhit khc nhau:
- 110 C
NH4NO3 NH3 + HNO3
174.6Kj
- Ti 185 ~ 200 C:
NH4NO3 N2O 2 + 2H2O
36,8 kJ
- Trn 230 C xut hin nh sng yu:
2NH4NO3 2N2 + O2+ 4H2O
119,3 kJ,
- Trn 400 C xy ra v n:
4 NH4NO3 3N2 + 2NO2 + 8H2O

123,5 kJ

1.3. Tnh cht c hi

Nguyn nhn: Tip xc, ht hoc nut nhm.
Tc hi lu di:
Gy nhim c mu, lm mt kh nng vn chuyn oxy ca
hng cu hin tng tm ti v hn m.
C th gy hi cho sc khe sinh sn.
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Thit k h thng c c

C th l nguyn nhn gy ung th.

Tc hi khc:
Tip xc da: gy kch ng khi tip xc: ty , nga, au
nhc.
Mt: gy nh hng tng t khi ri vo mt.
Ht nhm: gy hi cho h h hp khi ht phi: ho, th gp.
Nut nhm: c th gy ng c nghim trng.
S cu c bn:
Tip xc vi da: Ci b qun o b nhim, ra sch vi
nhiu nc.
Tip xc mt: Trng m mt, ra nc thng hoc nc
mui, a n c s y t gn nht.
Ht phi: nhanh chng ri hin trng n khu vc khng kh
trong lnh. Nu th kh khn, cung cp oxygen. Nu khng
th th tin hnh h hp nhn to, a n c s y t gn
nht.

1.4. Triu chng khi ng c NH4NO3

Vim d dy, au bng, bun nn v nn ma, tiu chy, yu c, chng
mt, mt mi, au u, ri lon tinh thn, mt tp trung, tng nhp tim, tt
huyt p, kh th, v thm ch c th gy vim thn

1.5. Tnh cht chy n

Chy:
D chy, d bt la khi tip xc cc cht hu c.
C th lm tng tc chy ca la.
N:
L hp cht ph bin nht gy n
D gy n vi cc bt kim loi mn v cc hydrocacbon
c bit tang tnh n khi kt hp vi bt nhm hoc oxit
nhm.

1.6. ng dng
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Thit k h thng c c

NH4NO3 l mt trong nhng hp cht hu c c s dng rng ri

v ph bin nht trong nhiu lnh vc trn ton th gii c bit l
trong nng nghip v trong nghnh cng nghip quc phng.
Mt s ng dng:
Sn xut phn bn:
- Vi hm lng N chim khong 34%, v gi thnh
sn xut cng nghip r, y l mt trong nhng
hp cht hu c c s dng nhiu nht sn
xut phn bn.
- Phn amoni nitrat c tnh chua, tuy nhin y l
loi phn bn qu v cha c 2 gc NH4+ v NO3-,
c th s dng bn cho nhiu loi t vi nhiu
loi cy trng khc nhau, c bit l cc loi cy
trng cn nh : bp, bng, ng, ma,
- Lu : y l loi phn d tan trong nc, d vn
cc, kh bo qun v kh s dng.
Cng nghip thuc n:
c s dng rng ri trong qun s to cc
hp cht n khi kt hp vi hydro.
Ngoi ra cn s dng NH4NO3 ch to cc
bom n tc th.
ng dng sn xut hp cht ANFO:
ANFO l hp cht n cha 94% amoni nitrat ("AN")
v 6% du nhin liu ("FO") c s dng rng ri
vi s lng ln cng nghip khai khong, c s
dng trong cc nghnh cng nghip khai thc than, ,
cc m qung, v xy dng dn dng.
Nitrat amoni c ng dng trong vic x l cc
qung titanium.
Nitrat amoni c s dng trong vic vic iu ch
cht xt nit (N2O):
NH4NO3(aq) -> N2O(g) + 2H2O(l)

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Thit k h thng c c

Nitrat amoni c th c s dng iu ch amoniac

khan, mt ha cht thng c s dng trong vic
sn xut methamphetamine.
Ngoi ra cn mt s ng dng khc trong i sng nh
c s dng trong cc ti lm lnh nhanh,.

1.7. Sn xut
i t phn ng trung ha HNO3 v NH3:
HNO3(aq) + NH3(g) NH4NO3(aq)
- Phn ng ny c thc hin bng cch s dng kh amoniac khan
v axit nitric m c. Phn ng ny xy ra mnh lit v ta nhhit.
- Sau khi dung dch mui c to ra, thng th c nng khong
83%, lng nc d c lm kh n mc nitrat amoni c nng
95 - 99,9% (nitrat amoni chy)
i t phn ng trao i:
(NH4) 2 SO4 + 2 NaNO3 2 NH4NO3 + Na2SO 4
(NH4) 2 SO4 + Ca (NO3) 2 2 NH4NO3 + CaSO4
- Sodium sulfate c loi b bng cch h thp nhit ca hn
hp.V sodium sulfate t tan trong nc hn ammonium nitrate nn
s kt ta, v c th tin hnh lc ra.
- i vi cc phn ng vi canxi nitrat , cc sulfat canxi to ra
khng ha tan trong nc ngay c nhit phng. Nn d dng
thu c amoni nitrat

1.8. Quy m v nhu cu NH4NO3

Amoni nitrat ln u tin c dng lm phn bn chu u sau

Chin tranh Th gii Ln th Nht do mt lng ln tn d khng
c dng lm thuc n. V d n nn c amni nitrat thng
c trn vi bt vi, thch cao hoc amni sunfat. M, amni
nitrat c dng ln u vo nm 1926 vi ngun nhp t c. Sau
c sn xut trong nc di dng rn v dung dch, sn
lng tng mnh t 383.000 tn nm 1943 ln 7,3 triu tn nm
1980. Nm 1994 lng amni nitrat chim 5,3% trong s 12,6 triu
tn m tiu th M.

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Thit k h thng c c

Hin nay mi nm sn lng phn amoni nitrat chim 11% lng

phn m sn xut trn th gii.
Hin nay nhu cu s dng nguyn liu amoni nitrat ( chim 80 90
%) sn xut cc hp cht n an ton l rt ln trn th gii, c
bit l hp cht n ANFO.
Vit Nam nhu cu s dng amoni nitrat l rt ln khong 100.000
tn/ nm, v d bo tng nhanh ln 150.000 tn/ nm, nhng tnh
n u nm 2015 th Vit Nam ch yu l nhp khu t nc ngoi,
c bit l Trung Quc.
Hin nay Vit Nam c nh my sn xut amoni nitrat u tin ti
Thi Bnh vi cng sut 200.000 tn/ nm, bt u sn xut t thng
1/ 2015. m bo nhu cu trong nc v tin ti thm nhp th
trng xut khu ASEAN.

1.9.
Nhng vn bn php lut quan trng lin quan n
Amoni Nitrat (NH4NO3)
Hin nay theo lut php Vit Nam, Amoni Nitrat ang c qun l
theo 2 lnh vc: Vt liu n cng nghip v Ha cht.
Trong lnh vc Vt liu n cng nghip th Amoni Nitrat ang chu
s iu chnh ca Php lnh s 16/2011/UBTVQH12 ca ngy 30
thng 6 nm 2011. Theo quy nh ti Ngh nh s 39/2009/N-CP
v vt liu n cng nghip th Amoni Nitrat l mt trong 07 tin cht
thuc n. Do , vic sn xut, kinh doanh v nhp khu Amoni
Nitrat phi tun th nhng iu kin nht nh ca php lut nh: T
chc kinh doanh tin cht thuc n l doanh nghip c Th tng
Chnh ph chp thun theo ngh ca B Cng Thng, B Cng
an, B Quc phng; phi c cp Giy chng nhn iu kin
sn xut, kinh doanh, xut khu, nhp khu vt liu n cng nghip,
tin cht thuc n; cc iu kin i vi ngi qun l, ngi lao
ng cng rt cht ch
Trong lnh vc Ha cht, Amoni Nitrat chu s iu chnh ca Lut
Ha cht nm 2007; Ngh nh s 108/2008/N-CP ngy 07 thng
10 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph . Theo quy nh ti Ngh nh s
108/2008/N-CP th Amoni Nitrat (hm lng > 99,5%) nm trong
Danh mc hng ha hn ch kinh doanh. Tuy nhin, sau khi gia nhp
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Thit k h thng c c

WTO, thc hin Cam kt quc t, Vit Nam a Amoni Nitrat ra

khi Danh mc hng ha hn ch kinh doanh ti Ngh nh s
26/2011/N-CP. Nh vy, Amoni Nitrat khng nm trong din b
cm nhp khu hay b p dng bin php hn ch s lng nhp
khu.
ng thi, theo Thng t s 48/2011/TT-BCT v Thng t s
08/2012/TT-BCT th cc t chc, c nhn sn xut, kinh doanh
Amoni Nitrat phi thc hin vic cng b sn phm, hng ha ph
hp quy chun k thut; Khi cng b hp quy, t chc, c nhn sn
xut, kinh doanh, nhp khu phi ng k bn cng b hp quy ti
S Cng Thng ti a phng ni t chc, c nhn ng k
hot ng, sn xut, kinh doanh.

Chng 2: Tng quan v c c

2.1. Khi nim chung v mc ch qu trnh c c
C c l qu trnh lm bay hi mt phn dung mi ca dung dch cha
cht tan khng bay hi nhit si, vi mc ch:
Lm tng nng cht tan
Tch cht rn ha tan dng tinh th (kt tinh)
Thu dung mi dng nguyn cht (ct nc)
C c c tin hnh nhit si, mi p sut (p sut chn khng, p
sut thng hay p sut d), trong h thng mt thit b c c hay nhiu
thit b c c (ni). Qa trnh c th gin on hay lien tc. Hi bay ra
trong qu trnh c c thng l hi nc, gi l hi th thng c nhit
cao v n nhit ha hi ln nn c s dng lm hi t cho cc ni c
c. Nu hi th c s dng ngoi dy chuyn c c gi l hi ph.

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Thit k h thng c c

Qu trnh c c khc qu trnh chng ct ch: trong qa trnh chng ct

c 2 cu t u bay hi, ch khc nhau v nng trong hn hp. Cn c
c ch cho dung mi bay hi, cn cht tan khng bay hi.

2.2. C s l thuyt qu trnh c c

2.2.1. Ch lm vic
C c chn khng : Dng cho cc dung dich c nhit si cao, v dung
dch d b phn hy v nhit, ngoi ra cn lm tng hiu s nhit ca hi
t v nhit si ca dung dch, dn n gim b mt truyn nhit. Mt
khc , c c chn khng th nhit si ca dung dch thp nn ta c th
tn dng nhit tha ca cc qu trnh sn xut khc (hoc s dng hi th)
cho qu trnh c c.
C c p sut cao hn p sut kh quyn: Thng dung cho cc dung
dch khng b phn hy nhit cao nh cc dung dch mui v c, s
dng hi th cho c c v cho cc qu trnh un nng khc.
C c p sut kh quyn: Th hi th khng c s dng m c
thi ra ngoi khng kh. y l phng php tuy n gin nhng khng
kinh t.
Trong h thng thit b c c nhiu ni th ni u tin thng lm vic
p sut ln hn p sut kh quyn, cc ni sau lm vic p sut chn
khng.
2.2.2. Cc phng php c c

Phng php nhit: Dung mi chuyn t trng thi lng sang trng
thi hi di tc dng ca nhit khi p sut ring phn ca n bng p
sut tc dng ln mt thong cht lng.

Phng php lnh: Khi h thp nhit n mt mc no th mt

cu t s tch ra dng tinh th n cht tinh khit, thng l kt tinh
dung mi tng nng cht tan. Ty tnh cht cu t v p sut bn
ngoi tc dng ln mt thong m qu trnh kt tinh xy ra nhit
cao hay thp v i khi phi dng n thit b lm lnh.

2.2.3.

Cc h thng c c:

C c mt ni: Thng c ng dng khi nng sut nh v nhit nng

khng c gi tr kinh t.
C c nhiu ni: L qu trnh s dng hi th thay hi t, do n c
ngha kinh t cao v s dng nhit. H thng ny ang c s dng ph
bin trong cng nghip ha cht.
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Thit k h thng c c

H thng c c nhiu ni c 3 loi:

H thng c c xui chiu: Hi v dung dch i cng chiu
- u im:
+ Dung dch t di chuyn t ni trc sang ni sau nh chnh
lch p sut gia cc ni, tit kim nng lng.
+ Nhit si ca ni trc ln hn ni sau, dung dch i vo
mi ni (tr ni 1) c nhit ln hn nhit si, dung dch
ngui i v lng nhit ny s lm bc hi them mt lng
nc.
- Nhc im: Nhit ca dung dch cc ni sau thp dn, nhng
nng ca dung dch li tng dn, lm nht tng dn n h s
truyn nhit gim.
H thng c c ngc chiu: Hi v dung dch i ngc chiu
-u im:
+ Nhit cao nht s i vo ni u, nn y nht tng
khng ng k dn n h s truyn nhit gim khng ng k
+ Lng nc bc hi ni cui s nh hn so vi c c xui
chiu, do lng nc dung lm ngng t hi trong thit b ngng
t s nh hn.
-Nhc im: Tn nhiu nng lng cho bm.
H thng c c song song: Dung dch i vo mi ni v sn phm
ly ra ng thi
-Nhn xt:
+ Ch p dng cho trng hp yu cu v nng ca dung dch
khng cao lm
+ Dung dch c c c kt tinh, v d lm tc ng khi i t ni ny
sang ni kia

2.3. Cu to thit b c c
Trong cng ngh ha cht v thc phm cc loi thit b c c un nng bng hi
c dng ph bin, loi ny gm 2 phn chnh:
B phn un si dung dch (phng t) trong b tr b mt truyn nhit
un si dung dch.
B phn bc hi (phng bc hi) l mt phng trng, y hi th c tch
khi hn hp lng hi ca dung dch si (khc vi cc thit b ch c phng
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Thit k h thng c c

t). Ty theo mc cn thit ngi ta c th cu to thm b phn phn ly

hi lng trong phng bc hi hoc trn ng dn hi th, thu hi cc ht
dung dch b hi th mang theo.
Khi cu to thit b cn ch nhng yu cu sau:
n gin, gn, chc, d ch to, sa cha v lp ghp, cc chi tit phi quy
chun ha, gi thnh r.
p ng yu cu k thut: ch lm vic n nh t bm cn, d lm sch,
d iu chnh v kim tra.
Cng truyn nhit ln.
V phn loi c th phn loi thit b theo 4 cch:
Theo s phn b b mt truyn nhit c loi nm ngang, thng ng, loi
nghing.
Theo cu to b mt truyn nhit c loi v bc ngoi, ng xon, ng
chm.
Theo cht ti nhit c loi un nng bng dng in, bng khi l, bng
hi nc, bng cht ti nhit c bit.
Theo tnh tun hon dung dch: tun hon t nhin, tun hon cng bc,...

2.4. u nhc im mt s thit b c c ph bin trong cng

nghip
2.4.1. Thit b c c c ng tun hon trung tm
Cu to:
Phn di ca thit b l phng t, c cc ng
truyn nhit v ng tun hon tng i ln
Dung dch trong ng cn hi t i vo
khong trng pha ngoi ng.
Nguyn tc lm vic:
Dung dch trong ng truyn nhit si to thnh
hn hp hi - lng c khi lng ring gim i v
b y t di ln trn ming ng. Trong ng tun
hon, th tch dung dch theo mt n v b mt
truyn nhit ln hn so vi ng truyn nhit do
lng hi to ra trong ng t hn,v vy khi lng
ring ca hn hp hi - lng y ln hn trong
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Thit k h thng c c

ng truyn nhit, s b y xung di. Kt qu l

trong thit b c chuyn ng tun hon t nhin t
di ln trong ng truyn nhit v t trn xung
trong ng tun hon. Tc tun hon cng ln th
h s cp nhit pha dung dch cng tng v qu
trnh ng cn trn b mt truyn nhit cng gim.
Tc tun hon thng khng qu 1,5 m/s.
Khi nng sut thit b ln c th thay ng tun
hon bng vi ng c ng knh nh hn
Pha trn phng t l phng bc trong c b
phn tch bt dung tch cc git lng do hi th
mang theo
u im:
Cu to n gin
D lm v sinh trong ng
D sa cha
Nhc im:
Vn tc tng i nh, dn n d bm cn lm gim h s truyn
nhit K
Tc tun hon gim v ng tun hon cng b un nng
2.4.2. Thit b c c c phng t treo
Nguyn tc lm vic:
Dung dch i trong ng truyn
nhit v pha trong hnh vnh
khan. Hi c dn trong ng hi
ri qua cc l phun, i vo
khong khng gian pha ngoi
ng trong bung t, cp nhit
un si dung dch trong ng.
Nguyn tc tng t, hi s bc
ln bung bc i ln ti b phn
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Thit k h thng c c

phn ly , ht lng ko theo c

gi li chy v qua ng dn lng
hi lu, hi th i ln.
Khong khng gian gia v v
bung t ng vai tr tun hon,
ti khng gian ln , v khng
b t nng nn vn tc tun hon
ln (v > 1 m/s).
u im:
Tc tun hon ln (v khng b t nng).
Bung t c treo trong c th nhc c ra lm v sinh d dng.
Nhc im:
Kt cu phc tp (b phn treo, )
Kch thc ln
Phm vi:
C c c kt tinh
2.4.3. Thit b c c c phng t ngoi
Cu to - Nguyn tc hot ng:
Dung dch c i t di ln, hi t i t
trn xung, un si dung dch to thnh hn
hp lng hi, khi lng ring gim i ln
trn qua ng ni vo bung bc, hi s c
tch ra i ln trn qua b phn phn ly hi
th, ht lng b ko theo s c gi li v
chy xung di. Dung dch s i xung di
qua ng tun hon v bung t, khi t nng
yu cu, sn phm s c tho ra theo
ca tho sn phm
Vn tc tun hon khong 1,2 1,5 m/s
ng tun hoan khng b t nng, chnh lch
khi lng ring ln
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Thit k h thng c c

Mt bung bc c th ni vi 2 hoc 3 bung

t, khi tin hnh sa cha do hng hc, thay
th hoc v sinh th qu trnh vn din ra lin
tc
Cc ng truyn nhit c th lm di n 7m
nn cng tun hon ln, do cng
bc hi ln.
u im:
Giamr chiu cao ca bung t v bung bc
Bung bc tch khi bung t, vic tch hi th c trit
Vn tc tun hon ln, ng tun hon khng b t nng
C th kt ni mt bung bc vi hai hoc ba bung t, qu trnh lm
vic lin tc
2.4.4. Thit b c c tun hon cng bc
Cu to Nguyn tc hot ng:
Dung dch a vo phng t bng bm
tun hon
Dung dch c i ra phn di ca
bung bc , cn phn chnh chy v
ng 3 do bm tun hon ht v trn
ln vi dung dch u i vo phng
t. Hi th bc ln tng t
u im:
H s cp nhit ln (3-4 ln i lu t
nhin)
Tc tun hon ln (1,5 3,5 m/s)
Lm vic c khi chnh lch nhit
gia hi t v dung dch si t 3 5C
Trnh hin tng bm cn
Nhc im:
Tn km nng lng cho bm
ng dng:
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Thit k h thng c c

Trng hp cng bay hi ln v dung dch c nht cao

2.4.5. Thit b c c loi mng
Cu to Nguyn tc hot ng:
Qa trnh lm vic lin tc
Dung dch ch qua thit b mt ln, i t di
ln trn theo lp mng mng dc b mt ng
trao i nhit
Phng t l mt thit b truyn nhit ng
chum di 6 9m, hi t i vo pha ngoi
ng, dung dch vo y thit b chim
khong 1/4 1/5 chiu cao ng truyn nhit.
Khi si, hi th chim hu ht tit din ng
t di ln trn vi vn tc ln ( v = 20 m/s),
ko theo mng cht lng b mt ng cng
i ln, khi mng cht lng i t di ln trn
tip tc bay hi, nng dung dch tng ln dn
n ming ng l t nng cn thit.
Hi th c bt, i ln thit b ph bt, bt c tch
ra, nh cc tm kim loi cong, b qut li theo hnh
xon c lm cho hi quay, to lc ly tm, lng c
tch ra khi hi v a ra sn phm
Hi th i ln
u im:
Chiu cao mc cht lng khng cao lm, p sut thy tnh nh, dn
n tn tht p sut thy tnh nh.
Thit v loi mng c h s truyn nhit ln vi mc cht lng thch
hp (xc nh bng thc nghim), nu mc cht lng cao th vn tc
gim dn n h s truyn nhit gim, nu mc cht lng thp th b
mt truyn nhit pha trn ca ng s b kh v b bc hi ht
Nhc im:
Kh lm sch v ng di
Kh iu chnh khi p sut hi t v mc dung dch thay i
Khng thch hp vi dung dch nht v dung dch kt tinh
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Thit k h thng c c

2.5. Nhim v thit k

Yu cu t ra l thit k h thng c c dung dch NH4NO3 hai ni ngc
chiu vi yu cu cng ngh:
Dung dch c c: NH4NO3
Nng sut tnh theo dung dch u: 4.5 kg/s.
Nng u ca dung dch: 10% khi lng.
Nng cui ca dung dch: 30% khi lng.
p sut hi t ni 1: 5 at.

2.6. La chn phng n thit k - Thuyt minh quy trnh cng

ngh
2.6.1. La chon phng n thit k
Theo tnh cht nguyn liu, cng nh nhng u im ca dng thit b ni trn
ta chn thit b c c 2 ni, ngc chiu, phng t trong, ng tun hon ngoi.
u im:
Khi c c ngc chiu th dung dch c nhit cao nht s i vo
niu, y nhit ln hn nn nht khng tng my. Kt qu l
h s truynnhit trong cc ni hu nh khng gim i my. Ngoi ra
lng bc hi cuini s nh hn khi c c ngc chiu, do
lng hi nc dng lm ngng thi trong thit b ngng t s nh
hn.
H thng ny thng dng cho dung dch c nht cao, n mn.
Nhc im:
Do dung dch i t ni c p sut thp n ni c p sut cao nn
khngt di chuyn c m phi s dng bm vn chuyn dung
dch, lm tng chi ph.
2.6.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh
Dung dch ban u trong thng cha c bm ly tm bm ln thng
cao v qua van tit lu iu chnh lu lng qua lu lng k sau vo
thit b gia nhit. Ti thit b gia nhit dung dch c gia nhit n nhit
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Thit k h thng c c

si ri c dn vo ni 2.Ti ni 2 dung dch NH4NO3 10% bc hi mt

phn ti bung bc, hi th thot ln qua thit b ngng t, c ngng t,
cn lng kh khng ngng cn li c bm chn khng ht ra ngoi sau
khi qua thit b thu hi bt. Cn sn phm c bm vo ni 1 tip tc
qu trnh c c cho n khi t c nng yu cu th c a ra ngoi
vo b cha sn phm. ni 1 hi t c cung cp t ngoi vo, cn
ni 2 th hi t chnh l hi th ca ni 1, cn hi th ca ni 2 i vo thit
b ngng t.
( s cng ngh)

Chng 3 : Tnh ton cng ngh

Thng s v s liu ban u:

Dung dch c c: NH4NO3

Nng sut tnh theo dung dch u: 4.5 kg/s.
Nng u ca dung dch: 10% khi lng.
Nng cui ca dung dch: 30% khi lng.
p sut hi t ni 1: 5 at.

3.1. Cn bng vt liu

3.1.1. Lng hi th ra khi h thng

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 n Chuyn Nghnh

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Thit k h thng c c

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