TRNG I HC LT

NGNH IN T - VIN THNG

CHNG 1: LCH S VIN

THNG

1. nh ngha h thng vin thng

1.1. Thng tin (tin tc):
Xut pht t mt i tng ny v bo cho mt i tng khc
bit 1 iu no .
Tn ti trong qu trnh truyn t mt i tng ny n mt i
tng khc.

C th tn ti di nhiu dng khc nhau: m thanh, hnh nh, c

ch

V d:
A hi B tr li: cung cp thng tin ( 1 chiu)
Hai ngi ni chuyn vi nhau: trao i thng tin ( 2 chiu)
Mt ngi ang xem TV, nghe i: nhn thng tin
HS lng nghe GV ging bi: nhn tri thc

1. nh ngha h thng vin thng

nh ngha thng tin:

Thng tin l s cm nhn v hiu bit ca

con ngi v th gii xung quanh thng qua
s tip xc vi n.
Thng tin l mt hin tng vt l, tn ti v
c truyn i di mt dng no nh:
hnh nh, m thanh, dng in, sng in t,
sng nh sng

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1.2. Trao i thng tin:
L qu trnh chuyn ti thng
tin:
T ngi gi
n ngi nhn
S dng phng tin
truyn thng
Yu cu: thng tin truyn t
c hiu bi c hai pha
Trao i thng tin yu cu tt
c cc thnh phn tham gia
hiu c ngn ng chung
ang s dng

1. nh ngha h thng vin thng

Chi tit hn

Ni dung: kiu thng tin c truyn t

Ngun, ngi gi, pht tin: bi ai
Dng: c truyn t dng no
Knh truyn: phng tin truyn dn thng tin
Ngi nhn, ch n: ti ai
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8/20/2012

1. nh ngha h thng vin thng

1.3. Vin thng:
Vin thng l qu trnh truyn
t tn hiu qua mt khong
cch vi mc ch trao i
thng tin
Lc s khai:
Khi
Ting trng
Dng c
Quang bo
Vin thng hin i thng
s dng b pht in t nh:
in thoi, tivi, radio, my
tnh...
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Vin thng bao gm nhng vn lin
quan ti vic truyn thng tin (trao i hay
qung b thng tin) gia cc i tng
qua mt khong cch, ngha l bao gm
bt k hot ng lin quan ti vic
pht/nhn tin tc (m thanh, hnh nh,
ch vit, d liu,) qua cc phng tin
truyn thng (hu tuyn, v tuyn)

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1.4. H thng:
H thng l 1 tp hp gm nhiu phn t,
c mi quan h rng buc cht ch vi
nhau, cng hot ng hng ti 1 mc
tiu chung.
V d: C th con ngi.
Mt doanh nghip.
B my nh nc.
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1.5. H thng vin thng:
Mt h thng vin thng gm c:
B pht: ly thng tin v chuyn i n thnh tn hiu
Phng tin truyn dn: truyn dn thng tin
B nhn: nhn thng tin v chuyn i thng tin ny
v dng c th hiu v s dng c

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Mt h thng vin thng l mng ca cc
ng kt ni (links) v nt (node) c
sp t sao cho thng tin c th chuyn
ti t bt k mt im ti mt im khc
s dng nhiu ng kt ni v nt
H thng kt ni c th c xy dng
theo cu trc phn cp.
V d: mng my tnh, internet, mng
in thoi...
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1. nh ngha h thng vin thng

1.6. Cu trc mng vin thng:
Cu hnh ca mng thng vin thng v c bn
bao gm cc phng tin k thut dnh cho mc
ch truyn tin bao gm cc thit b u cui, cc
h thng chuyn mch, cc h thng truyn dn
v cc cng trnh ngoi vi...vv.
H thng chuyn mch c chc nng thu, x l
v phn phi cc thng tin c chuyn n, v
vy h thng c t ti cc v tr gi l node
mng.
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1. nh ngha h thng vin thng

Trung tm quc t
Trung tm mc 4
Trung tm mc 3
Trung tm mc 2
Trung tm s cp
Tng i ni ht
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1. nh ngha h thng vin thng

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1.7. Phn loi h thng vin thng:

Theo kch c: GAN, WAN, MAN, LAN, PAN,

Theo kiu nh cung cp: cng cng, c nhn
Theo phng tin truyn dn: c dy, khng
dy
Theo cu trc v qun l: mng ad-hoc, mng
c cu trc
Theo dng thng tin c truyn dn: tng t,
s
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1.8. Dch v vin thng:
L dch v truyn k hiu, tn hiu, s liu,
ch vit, m thanh, hnh nh hoc cc
dng khc ca thng tin gia cc im kt
cui thng qua h thng vin thng
Cung cp cho khch hng:
Kh nng tra i thng tin vi nhau hoc
Thu nhn thng tin thng qua cc h thng
vin thng ca cc nh cung cp dch v v
nh cung cp h tng mng
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Cc dch v thoi:
Dch v truyn thng ca mt h thng vin
thng.
Khng ngng ci tin v mt cng ngh nhm
nng cao cht lng dch v v h thp gi
thnh

V d: Dch v thoi trn ng truyn c nh,

dch v thoi qua h thng VoIP, dch v thoi
trong thng tin di ng
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1. nh ngha h thng vin thng

Cc dch v phi thoi:
Yu cu cc thit b v phng tin vin
thng tin tin v chuyn mn ho cao
V d: cc dch v truyn s liu, cc dch v
gi vn bn, SMS, truyn hnh nh, Fax, hi
ngh truyn hnh ...

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2. Lch s vin thng

2.1. Cc giai on pht trin vin thng:
Vin thng tri qua nhiu giai on lch s khc nhau.
C th phn s pht trin ca vin thng qua 4 giai on
chnh:
Giai on 1: Khong 90 nm k t khi in thoi ra
i v pht trin (1876).
Giai on 2: Xut hin h thng chuyn mch, truyn
dn s v thng tin v tinh.
Giai on 3: Xut hin cc mng d liu v cng
ngh chuyn mch gi.
Giai on 4: Lin kt cc mng truyn thng.
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2.2. in bo:
Truyn dn bn tin nh my qua
khong cch
in bo in t c pht minh v
cp bn quyn nm 1837 bi
Samuel F. B. Morse
Bn in bo c gi bi nhn
vin s dng m Morse
H thng in bo xuyn i dng
u tin c xy dng nm 1866
Nm 1870: cp in bo c lp
t ni London v Calcutta
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Samuel F. B. Morse

2. Lch s vin thng

2.3. in thoi:
Philip Reis (1834-1874)
Nh khoa hc ngi c
Xy dng h thng in
thoi u tin nm 1860/61
(Reis telephone)
Gii thiu vi cng chng
u tin vo ngy 26-101861.

Alexander Graham Bell (18471922)

c bit n nh ngi
pht minh ra in thoi
M s bn quyn 174 465
c cp cho Bell Lab bi Vn
Phng Bn Quyn M nm
1876

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2. Lch s vin thng

in bo tng c coi l ng vin s 1
cho vin thng
>>>Vic pht minh in thoi cnh tranh
quyt lit vi in bo trn th trng
in thai xem nh mt dng chi
Cht lng cuc gi rt thp
Giao tip qua in thoi thng l khng
ring t v khng tin cy
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2.4. Thng tin v tuyn:
B ca thng tin di ng: Guglielmo
Marconi (1874-1937)
Nn tng khoa hc c bn:
Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894)

Desir Edouard Branly (1844-1940)

Augusto Righi (1850-1920)

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Mt s ct mc quan trng:
1896 Guglielmo Marconi: xy dng h thng in
thoi v tuyn s dng sng di v cng sut pht
cao (> 200kW)
1907: h thng thng tin v tuyn thng mi
xuyn i dng
1915: giao tip bng v tuyn gia New York v
San Francisco
1920: khm ph sng ngn bi Marconi
1926: in thoi trn tu ha t Hamburg ti Berlin
1958: mng t bo u tin (A-Netz) ti c
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2.5. Mng Internet:
Nm 1957 Lin X phng tu v tr Sputnik
ko theo s pht trin d n Advanced
Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
H thng vin thng khng ng tin cy
tng: chuyn mch gi
30. August 1969: H thng Internet gia
UCLA v Stanford Research Institute ra i.
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Mu tin u tin c gi bng Internet:
Gi LOGIN t UCLA
Gi L -> nhn L
Gi O -> nhn O
Gi G -> Khng nhn c G
Stop

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S pht trin ca Internet:
1970: H thng Internet u tin (4 Hosts)
1971: S pht trin ca ARPAnet vi 15 nodes
1974: TCP/IP
1988: Truy cp Internet t c
1991: EBONE: European backbone
1995: Sun gii thiu HotJava Web Browser v
khuyn khch lp trnh bng Java
2008: Vo 31-03-2008 c 1.407 t ngi dng
Internet
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2.6. Xu hng trong vin thng:
Anybody Anytime Anywhere
Cng ngh ch cht: cellular mobile telephony
Ph sng ton cu
Tt c cc loi thng tin:
D liu
Thoi
a phng tin
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Hin ti: con ngi tham gia vo qu trnh
trao i thng tin
Trong tng lai: my mc trc tip giao
tip vi nhau
V d: nh my iu khin t xa, h thng
giao thng giao thng, nh t ng

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Ubiquitous computing:
Thng tin s dng PDA, thit b cm tay
Nh thng minh
Mng cm bin

Ubiquitous computing:
c lp vi con ngi
Truy cp mi ni
T vn hnh

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