Y A K 6 9 1 :6 5 8 .5 6 7 .

E.B. KanMHMHa
nepMCKMM HauMOHanbHbiM MccneflOBaTenbCKM M
nonMTexHMMecKMM yHM BepcM TeT, P o c c m a

MCn0Hb30BAHME WHAMA KAPBOHATA KAHbUMfl

B KAHECTBE TEXHOrEHHOrO CblPbfl B nP0M3B0flCTBE
CTPOMTEHbHblX MATEPMAHOB
B cmambe npedcmaenenu pe3ynbmamu ananusa Haynno-mexnuneckou

un ^ op M a ^ u no eonpocy ucnonb3oeanun wncma Kap6onama Kanb^uR e

Kanecmee mexnozennozo cupbH e npou3eodcmee cmpoumenbnux Mamepuanoe. npueedenbi cocmaeu cmpoumenbnux cMeceu u ceoucmea nonynennux
Mamepuanoe, coomeemcmeyrn^ue ycmanoenennuM mexnunecKuM mpe6oeahuhm .

Knwneebie cnoea: cmpoumenbnue Mamepuanu, wnaM Kap6onama

Kanb^uR, omxodbi npou3eodcmea codu, pecypcoc6epewenue

B npoeKTe fl0n r0cp0HH0H CTparerHH pa3BHTHa np0H3B0flCTBa CTponTentHMx MaTepH&TOB h K0HCTpyKu,HH [ 1 ] npe#n0naraeTCa k 2020 r. yBenHHHTB np0H3B0flCTB0:
u,eMeHTa c 51 #0 194 mhh t;
CTeH0BMx MaTepHa^0B C 13 #0 62 Mnp# mT.;

3
Hepy^HMx MaTepHan0B C 0,16 #0 1,38 Mnp# m .

YHHTMBaa np0rpaMMy pa3BHTHfl #0p 0* H 0r 0 CTp0HTen&CTBa CTpaHM,

M0* H 0

npe#n0H0*HTB,

HT0

n0Tpe6H0CTH

CTp0HTentH0H

HH#y CTpHH

b C&ip&eBMx peCypCax B03paCTyT b 5 -7 pa3 [2]. n 0TeHu,H&n&H0 np0rH03HpyeTCa pa3BHTHe h #pyrHx 0TpaCnen Hap0#H0r 0 x03HCTBa, HT0 npHBe#eT
k yBenHHeHHro 06te M 0B H3taTHa npHp0#H&ix C&ip&eB&ix peCypC0B h yBenHHeHHro 3arpa3HeHHa 0K p y *a ro ^ e n Cpe#M npH Bti6p 0Cax b aTM0C^epy,
C6p0Cax ctohhbix B0# h HaK0nneHHH 0Tx0#0B. MeCTa pa3Me^eHHa np0H3B0#CTBeHHMx 0Tx0# 0B aB^aMTCa n0TeHu,H&n&HMMH HCT0HHHKaMH HeraTHBH0r 0 B03#eHCTBH3 Ha 0K p y *a M ^ y M Cpe#y. C # p yr0H CT0p 0HBI, 0Tx0#M
M0ryT CTaTt TexH0reHHMM CtipteM.
n 0 np0rH03y rp yn n ti 3KCnepT0B O O H , y * e b 1-h n0^ 0BHHe X X I b.
#0 55 % n0Tpe6H0CTen b npHp0#H0M C&ip&e 6y # y r y # 0BneTB0paT&Ca 3a
CHeT np0H3B0#CTBeHHMx 0Tx0#0B. HCn0HB30BaHHe B np0H3B0#CTBe CTp0H-

23

Ten&HMx MaTepH&TOB 1 % 0Tx0# 0B n03B0naeT 3K0H0MHTB 2 % HHBeCTHU,HH

B CBipteB0H K0MnneKC. HCn0-tfB30BaHHe 0Tx0# 0B np0H3B0#CTBa B CTp0HTentH0H 0TpaCHH n03B0HHT y # 0BneTB0pHTB n0Tpe6 H0CTH B CMpte #0 50 %
H #0 30 % C0KpaTHTB 3aTpaTM Ha np0H3B0#CTB0 CTp0HTentHMx MaTepHaH0B. 3 t 0 CTaH0BHTCa 0C00eHH0 aKTy&tf&HBIM B C0BpeMeHHMx yC-TOBHax
p 0CTa CT0HM0CTH CTp0HTentHMx MaTepH&TOB: B Ce6 eCT0HM0CTH CTp0HTentH0H np0#yKu,HH hx CT0HM0CTB yBenHHHnaCt C 45 #0 63 %. PeCypC0- h
3Hepr0n0Tpe6neHHe Ha e#HHHu,y B&TOB0TO Hau,H0H&n&H0r 0 np0#yKTa b
Hamen CTpaHe b 2 -3 pa3a BMme, HeM b CTpaHax 3ana#H0H EBp0nM h
C fflA , h b 5 -6 pa3 BMme, HeM b ^ n 0HHH. 3 t 0 06yC.TOBnHBaeT n0TeHu,Ha^tHMe B03M0*H0CTH Hamen CTpaHM b peCypC0- h 3Hepr0C6epe*eHHH.
0#hhm H3 Cn0C000B BMx0#a H3 oro^HBmeHCa CHTyau,HH aBnaeTCa
yBenHHeHHe 06teM 0B B0BneHeHHa 0Tx0# 0B np0H3B0#CTBa b CTp0HTentHyro
0TpaCnt. C&ip&e H3 0Tx0# 0B b 2 -4 pa3a #emeBne, HeM npHp0#H0e; paCx0#
T0nnHBa npH HCn0-tfB30BaHHH HeK0T0pMx 0Tx0#0B B np0H3B0#CTBe CTp0HTentHMx MaTepHa^0B CHH^aeTCa Ha 10-40 %, a y#entHMe KanHT&TOBn0*eHHa Ha 30-50 % [2].
HaH00nee H3yHeHHMMH aBnaroTCa BapHaHTM HCn0nt30BaHHa b CTp0HTentH0H HH#yCTpHH Cne#yro^Hx bh#0b 0t x 0#0b: 30-^m, mnaKH h 30.romnaK0BMe CMeCH T 3 C (# 0p0* H 0e CTp0HTentCTB0, np0H3B0#CTB0 B 3 *y^ H x ,
T a^en tix h aHeHCTMx 6 eT0H0B, nerKHx 3an0nHHTenen, CTeH0BMx MaTepHah0b), MeTa^nyprHHeCKHe mnaKH (np0H3B0#CTB0 n0pTnaH#u,eMeHTa, nerKHx
6 eT0H0B}, 0t x 0#m y ra e # 06MHH h y ra e 060ra^eHHa (n 0pHCTMH 3an0^HHTent, KHpnHH, b CTp0HTentCTBe #0p0r ) [3]. C t o * h 0h #na pa3pemeHHa aBnaeTCa np06neMa npHMeHeHHa b CTp0HTentH0H 0TpaC^H 0Tx0#0B xHMHHeCK0H 0TpaC^H BBH#y hx mHp0K0r 0 CneKTpa h pa3H006pa3HMx ^H3HK0xHMHHeCKHx H ^H3HK0-MexaHHHeCKHx CB0HCTB.
H a TeppHT0pHH nepMCK0r 0 Kpaa paCn0.ro*eHM KpynHMe npe#npHaTHa xHMHHeCK0H, He^TexHMHHeCK0H H MeT&MyprHHeCK0H 0TpaCneH,
^ 0pMHpyro^He 3HaHHTentHyro Harpy3Ky Ha 0K p y*a ro ^ yro Cpe#y [4]. O#HHMH H3 KpynH0T0HHa*HBix H HeyTH^H3ypyeMMx BH#0B 0Tx0# 0B aB-tfaMTCa 0t x 0#m npe#npHaTHa n0 np0H3B0#CTBy K&n&u,HHHp0BaHH0H C0#M. O tx 0#m npe#npHaTHa b BH#e mnaM0B Kap60HaTa k&hbu,ha 06pa3yroTCa b pe3yntTaTe 0TCTaHBaHHa #HCTH.raepH0H * h # k 0Cth b mnaM0HaK0nHTenax,
hhh TaK Ha3MBaeMMx 6 enMx M0p ax . n 0Cne 0TCTaHBaHHa *H#Kaa ^a3a
#HCTHnnepH0H * h # k 0Cth C6paCMBaeTCa b b0#hmh 06teKT, a TBep#aa ^a3a
b BH#e mnaMa Kap60HaTa K&n&u,Ha HaKannHBaeTCa b 6 en0M M0p e . AenCTByro^ee np0H3B0#CTB0 n0CT0AHH0 Hy*#aeTCa b h0bmx nn0^ a # a x #na

24

pa3Me^eHHa o 6pa3yro^H xca mnaM0B. PemeHHe 3to h 3a#aHH bo3m o*h o

nyTeM yBenHHeHHa eMK0CTH cy^ecTB yro^H x mnaM0HaK0nHTenen (Hapa^HBaHHe #aM6 hhh opraHH3au,Ha #ononHHTentHtix ceKu,HH), CTpoHTentCTBa hobmx mnaM0HaK0nHTenen hhh yTHHH3au,HH o6pa3yro^Hxca mnaM0B.
TBep#MH 0CTaT0K #HCTHnnepH0H *h # k o c th (m^aM Kap6 oHaTa Kantu,Ha) b cyxoM BH#e npe#craBnaeT co 6 on CBerao-cepyro Maccy nnoTHocrtro
o m r o 970 Kr/M3, Ha 70-80 % cocroa^yro H3 HacTHu, pa3MepoM 0,1-0,2 mm.
E ro cocTaB 3aBHCHT o t KaHecTBa Hcnont3yeMtix b co#obom np0H3B0#CTBe
CMpteBMx MaTepHanoB, HeKoTop&ix TexHonorHHecKHx h #pyrHx ^aKTopoB.
A ^ a onpe#eneHHa bo3mo*hmx HanpaBneHHH Hcn0nt30BaHHa mnaMa
Kap6 oHaTa Kantu,Ha o#Horo H3 npe#npHaTHH no np0H3B0#CTBy k&h&u,hhhpoBaHHoH co#M b CTpoHTentHoH oTpacnH no pe3yntTaTaM na6 oparopH&ix
HCcne#0BaHHH ycTaH0BneH ero cocTaB npH Bna*H0CTH 0K0.ro 60 %: C aC O 3
50-65; M gC O s 20-25; C a (O H )2 4-10; C a C 12 5-10; S iO 2 + A I 2O 3 5-10;
C aSO 4 3-9,5; S iO 2 0-4,9 [5]. KaK bh#ho h3 npe#CTaBneHHtix #aHHMx,
mnaM npe#craBnaeT co 6 on CMect Kap60HaT0B MarHHa h Kantu,Ha, a TaK *e
c y n t^ a ra Kantu,Ha, h to CBH#eTentCTByeT 0 bmcokom pecypcH0M noTeHu,Haro 0Tx0#a.
AHaHH3 HayHH0-TexHHHeCK0H H naTeHTH0H HH^0pMaU,HH n03B0HHH
onpe#enHTt, h to otxo#m c0#0B0r 0 np0H3B0#CTBa (mnaM Kap6 oHaTa Kantu,Ha) MoryT 6&iTt Hcn0nt30BaHM b CTpoHTentHoM orpacnH #na np0H3B0#CTBah nonyHeHHa:
B a ^ y ^ e r o (b CH^HKamoM KHpnHHe, Kna#0HH0M pacTBope, t o ^ h x
6 ecu,eMeHTHtix 6 eT0Hax, aHeHCT0-6 eT0HHtix H3#enHax, #peBecH0-u,eMeHThmx MarepHanax);
MHHepa^tHMx 3anonHHTenen (b CTeHoBMx MaTepHanax, ac^antTo6 eT0HHMx CMecax);
KoMnneKCHMx #06aB0K;
MarepHana #na H3onau,HH otxo#ob Ha nonHroHax TBep#Mx 6mtobmx otxo#ob.

1. n o -iy n e H H e H 3 e e c T b c o A e p ^ a ^ e r o B H * y ^ e r o
^ n a M Kap6 oHara Kantu,Ha BKHMHaeT pa# okch#ob, npe#craBnaro^Hx
C060H HaCTH C0e#HHeHHH CHHHKaTHMx CHCTeM, o 6na#aM ^Hx Ba^y^HMH
CBoHCTBaMH, h to yKa3MBaeT Ha npHHu,HnHantHyro B03M0*H0CTt nonyHeHHa B a ^ y^ H x MarepHaroB Ha 0CH0Be 3thx otx o # o b c0# 0B0r 0 np0H3B0#CTBa. npH 3tom He#0CTaT0K b #HCTHnnepH0M mnaMe KpeMHe3eMHCT0r0 K0MnoHeHTa Tpe6yeT ero K0MneHcau,HH, HanpHMep, KBapu,eBMM necK0M [6 ].

25

B n w y ^ e e dnn npouseodcmea cm uKam nozo Kupnuna. B Pocchh 6 tmn

pa3pa6oTaHM pa3nHnHMe BapHaHTM TexHonorHH B a ^ y^ H x MaTepHanoB Ha
0CH0Be flHCTHnnepHoro mnaMa C0fl0BMx np0H3B0flCTB. B cooTBeTCTBHH c
HaH6 onee npocTMM H3 hhx flHCTHnnepHMH mnaM Bna^HOCTt KOToporo 2 5 BO % , 3KCKaBaT0p0M 0T6HparoT H3 mnaM0HaK0nHTena, noflcymHBaror h
3aTeM H3MentnaroT c KBapu,eBMM necKOM (82,2-86,3 % SiO 2) b mapoBoM
MentHHu,e. nonynaeMMH npH 3tom npoflyKT npeflCTaBnaeT co 6 oh 6 ecKnHHKepHMH Ba^y^H H

MarepHan

aBTOKnaBHoro TBepfleHHa

fl0CTar0nH0

CflOSHHM XHMHHeCKHM COCTaBOM. OflHaKO H3-3a HH3K0H aKTHBHOCTH HCxoflHoro flHCTHnnepHoro mnaMa, C0flep*aHHe aKTHBHMx CaO h M g O b kotopom cocraBnaeT 12-14 %, nonynaeMMe Ha 0CH0Be TaKoro B a ^ y ^ e r o H3flenHa o 6naflaroT HeBMCOKOH nponHOCTtro, npHMepHO C00TBeTCTByro^eM
MapKaM 200-2B0. O 6 ecneneHHe CTa6 HntH0CTH nponHOCTHMx xapaKTepHcthk, KpoMe Toro, 0cn0*H eH 0 Hen0CT0aHCTB0M C0CTaBa flHCTHnnepHoro
mnaMa, 3aTpyflHaro^HM onTHMH3au,Hro C0CTaBa nonynaeMoro B a ^ y ^ e ro
MarepHana. HanHnHe b C0CTaBe 0Tx0fl0B xnopHfla h c y n t^ a ra Kantu,Ha
3HanHTentH0 noBMmaeT peaKu,H0HHyro cn0C06H0CTt CMpteBOH CMecH, no3B0naa BecTH o 6 * H r B a ^ y ^ e r o npH 950-1000 C, BKnroneHHe b TexHonorHro CTaflHH o 6*H r a CMpteBMx MarepHanoB n03B0naeT ycrpaHHTt nepeHHcneHHMe HeflOCTarKH: npH 0nTHMantH0M pe*HM e o 6* H r a nonynaeMMH
npoflyKT xapaKTepH3yeTca C0flep*aHHeM aKTHBHMx CaO h M g O > 40 %,
h to o 6 ecnenHBaeT bo3m o*hoctb fl0CTH*eHHa nponHOCTH 3arBepfleBmero
KaMHa Ha ero 0CH0Be C00TBeTCTByro^efi MapKH B a ^ y ^ e r o 500. H3BecTK0B0-6 enHT0B0e B a ^ y ^ e e Ha 0CH0Be o txoaob np0H3B0flCTBa coflM C00TBeTCTByro^efi MapKH n03B0naeT Hcn0nt30Bart ero flna np0H3B0flCTBa CHnHKaTHoro KHpnHna.
CTepnHTaMaKCKHM np0H3B0flCTBeHHMM o 6teflHHeHHeM C o fla 6Mno
H3r0T0BneH0 B a ^ y ^ e e H3BecTK0B0-6enHT0B0r0 THna, Ha 0CH0Be KOToporo
Ha 0nMTH0M 3aB0fle B H n O CTeHOBMx h B a ^ y^ H x MaTepHanoB 6 Mn H3roTOBneH CHnHKaTHMH KHpnHH. TexHonorHa np0H3B0flCTBa CHnHKaTHoro
KHpnHna c Hcn0nt30BaHHeM B a ^ y ^ e r o H3BecTK0B0-6enHT0B0r0 THna He
OTnHnaeTca o t o 6 ^enpHHaTofi cxeMM nonyneHHa KHpnHna Ha 0CH0Be H3BecTH. KHpnHn HMen poBHMe rpaHH h rnaflKyro n0BepxH0CTt (pa3MepM
120x 250x 65), Macca KHpnHna b ecTecTBeHHOM C0CT0aHHH C0CTaBnaeT o t
B,7 flO 4,1 Kr, nn0TH0CTt - b cpeflHeM 2000 Kr/M . KnaflKy onMTHMx o6pa3u,ob np0H3B0flHnH Ha cn0* H 0M pacTBope C0CTaBa: u,eMeHT; H3BecTt; necoK,
u,eMeHT; H3BecTK0B0-6enHT0B0e B a ^ y ^ e e ; necoK h H3BecTK0B0-6enHT0B0e
B a ^ y ^ e e ; necoK.

26

n o pe3yntTaTaM HccneflOBaHHH, npHBefleHHMx b Ta6n. 1 [6], BHflHO,

hto KnadoHHUu pacmeop, H3r0T0BneHHMH c npHMeHeHHeM B a ^ y ^ ero H3BecTK0B0-6enHT0B0r0 THna Ha6HpaeT npoHHocTt k 14-flHeBHOMy B03pacTy c 3aK0HOMepHOCTtro, KaK h u,eMeHm0-H3BecTK0BMH, a c Ao6aBneHHeM u,eMeHTa pacTBop k 14-^HeBHOMy BO3pacTy ^ocTHraeT noHTH 100 % npoHHocTH.
Ta6^H^a

npOHH OCTb paCTBOpOB Ha pa3^HHHM X B H * y ^ H X

B pa3^H H H M e CpOKH TBepAeHHH

PacTBOp
06MHHMH UeMeHTHO-H3BecTKOBMH
H3BecTKOBO-6enHTOBMH
U^eMeHTHO-H3BecTKOBO-6enHTOBBffl

OTHocHTentHaa npoHHocTt pacTBopa,

npoueHT b BO3pacTe, cyr.
14
28
7
65
80
100
62
85
100
78
95
100

B a ^ y ^ e e Ha ocHOBe H3BecTK0B0-6enHT0B0r0 THna mo * ho npHMeHaTt b cTpoHTentHMx Kna^OHHMx pacTBopax c nopraaHflueMeHTOM h KaK

caMocToaTentHoe B a ^ y^ ee.
npOHHOcTt cHHHKaTHOrO KHpnHHa Ha OcHOBe H3BecTKOBO-6enHTOBOrO
B a ^ y ^ ero npH HcnMTaHHax Kone6anact o t 22,8 flo 34,9 M n a , a b cpeflHeM
paBHaeTca 27,8 M n a . npoHHocTt KHpnHHa npH H3ra6e R H3r = 6,92 M n a . Y c TaHOBneHO, h to oh yfl0BneTB0paeT Tpe6oBaHHaM, npefl'baBnaeMMM k chhhKaTHOMy KHpnHHy BMme MapKH 300. n o MOpO3OCTOHKOcTH KHpnHH, H3rOTOBneHHMH Ha H3BecTKOBO-6enHTOBOM Ba^y^eM , cooTBeTcTByeT MapKe 100.
npH Hcnont3OBaHHH B a ^ y ^ e r o H3BecTK0B0-6enHT0B0r0 THna b KaHecTBe nnacTH^HUHpyromen flo6aBKH b KnaflKe b pacTBopax MapoK 25, 50,
100 flocTHraeTca 3KOHOMHa u,eMeHTa flo 34 % , H3BecTH 100 %, b KaHecTBe
B a ^ y ^ e r o b pacTBopax MapoK 10 h 25 -

3KOHOMHa u,eMeHTa 100 %

H 3KOHOMHa H3BecTH - 100 %.

HaH6onee 3^eKTHBHO npHMeHeHHe KHpnHHa noBtimeHHon np0HH0cth

(MapoK 200 h BMme) flna BHyTpeHHHx H ecy^H x cTeH, hto no3BonaeT

BO3BOflHTt Hx mHpHHOH B OflHH KHpnHH (25 cm ) H yBe^HHHTt npH 3TOM MaTepHa^oeMKocTt flo 50 % b cpaBHeHHH c toh ^ hhoh 51 cm h 3 KHpnHHa MapoK 100. U,enec006pa3H0 npHMeHeHHe flaHHoro KHpnHHa b cTeHax o6nerHeHHOH KnaflKH, HeM 6yfleT flocTHraTtca 3KOHOMHa KHpnHHa b 1,5-2 pa3a b
3aBHcHMOcTH OT TOfl^HHM cTeHM cn^OmHOH KnaflKH [6].
B n w y ^ e e dnn npomeodcm ea m o ^ u x 6e^eM eH m m ix SemoHoe. ^ n a M
flHcTHraepHOH *HflKOcTH npOH3BOflcTBa cOflM B KOHHHecTBe 15-60 % hc-

27

nont3yeTca b KanecTBe B a ^ y ^ e r o npH np0H3B0flCTBe to ^ hx 6ecu,eMeHTHMx 6eT0H0B, COCTOa^Hx H3 npHpOflHMx, TexHOreHHMx rpyHTOB H H3 npo
MMmneHHMx 0Tx0fl0B [7]. KoMnoHeHTHMH cocTaB CTpoHTentHMx MaTe
pHanoB n03B0naeT noBMCHTt nponHOCTt nonyneHHMx MaTepHanoB.
Pe3yntTaTM onpefleneHHa MexaHHnecKHx cbohctb 06pa3u,0B n0Ka3MBaroT, nTO k 90 cyTKaM nponHOCTt nonTH Bcex MaTepHanoB npH 0flH00CH0M
c*aTHH 3HanHTentH0 npeBMmaeT 4 M n a , T.e. C00TBeTCTByeT nepBOMy
Knaccy (4 -6 M n a ) yKpenneHHMx rpyHTOB. npeflno^eHHe peaKu,HH rHflpaTau,HH BM3MBaeT flantHefimHH pocT nponHOCTH, xapaKTepHMH flna mnaKorpyHTOBMx MaTepHanoB. n03T0My k r0flHnH0My cpoKy nponHOCTt nonTH
Bcex MaTepHanoB npeBMmaeT MaKCHMantHMH ypoBeHt (6,0 M n a ) Tpe6oBaHHH pOCCHHCKHx CTaHflapTOB K yKpenneHHMM rpyHTaM. n03T0My ohh
MoryT 6MTt Hcn0nt30BaHM b KanecTBe 0CH0BaHHH aBTOMO0HntHMx h * e ne3HMx flopor, a3p0flp0M0B, n0nHr0H0B TBepflMx 6mtobmx 0Tx0fl0B h
npoMMmneHHMx 0Tx0fl0B, aflep nnoTHH, MaTepHanoB TaMnoHa^a KapcTObmx h flpyrHx nycTOT, 6yp0Ha6HBHMx CBaH pa3nHnHMx ^yHflaMeHTOB h
T.n. coopy^eHHH BMecTO necKa, ^e6H a, necnaHO-rpaBHHHMx CMeceH h flp.
B n w y ^ e e dnn npom eodcm ea nneucmo-SemoHHUx mdenuu. H a ochoBe nonynaeMoro B a ^ y ^ e r o b HameH crpaHe b npoMMmneHHMx MacmTa6ax
6&ino 0praHH30BaH0 np0H3B0flCTB0 6n0K0B aneHCToro 6eT0Ha no nHTteBOH
TexHonorHH [8].
TexHonorHnecKHH npou,ecc npeflycMaTpHBaeT BMnycK aneHCTo6eto h h m x

6n0K0B pa3Mep0M 150x300x600 m m , MaccoH He 6onee 19 Kr,

nn0TH0CTtro 700 Kr/cM . M0p030CT0HK0CTt H3flenHH He H H *e B5 Mp3,

npeflen nponHOCTH npH c*aTHH He H H *e 3,5 M n a . EnoKH npeflHa3HaneHM
flna KnaflKH Hapy^HMx, BHyTpeHHHx CTeH h neper0p0fl0K m h h m x , o6^ecTBeHHMx, CentCK0x03aHCTBeHHMx H BCnOMOraTentHMx np0H3B0flCTBeHHMx
3flaHHH H COOpy^eHHH.
TBepflMe 0Tx0flM C0fl0B0r0 np0H3B0flCTBa Hcn0nt30BanH b KanecTBe
B a ^ y ^ e r o npH H3r0T0BneHHH aneHCT0-6eT0HHMx H3flenHH (cTeHOBMe naHenH, 6n0KH rpa^flaHCKHx h npoMMmneHHMx 3flaHHH) c u,entro noBMmeHHe npOnHOCTH H M0p030yCT0HnHB0CTH, CHH^eHHe Ce6eCT0HM0CTH [9].
HccneflOBaHHe nponHOCTH h M0p030ycT0HnHB0CTH nerKoro aneHCToro 6eTOHa Ha 0CH0Be mnaMOB C0fl0B0r0 np0H3B0flCTBa no3BonHno ycraHOBHTt
ynynmeHHe yKa3aHHMx xapaKTepHCTHK no cpaBHeHHro c H3BecTHMMH coCTaBaMH flna H3r0T0BneHHa aneHCT0-6eT0HHMx H3flenHH.
B n w y ^ e e dnn dpeeem o-^M eH m H bix Mamepuanoe. ^HCTHnnepHyro
^HflKOCTt npefln0*eH 0 Hcn0nt30BaTt b KanecTBe B a ^ y ^ e r o flna flpeBecHO-

28

u,eMeHTHOH K0Mn03Hu,HH cocTaBa, Mac.

%: nopraaHflueMeHT 26,2-87,3;

flHcTHnnepHaa *H flK o c rt 0,4-7,3; BOflHaa cycneH3Ha TBepflMx 0Tx0fl0B coflOBoro np0H3B0flcTBa 5,4-73,4; BOfla. ApeBecHMH 3anonHHTent MO*eT
6MTt BBefleH b to t * e cMecHTent [10]. npoHHocTt u,eMeHTHO-crpyeHHMx
n^HT, nonyHaeMMx c Hcnont3OBaHHeM yKa3aHHoro B a ^ y^ ero, npH H3rH6e flo 18,2 M n a . npeflno^eH H oe B a ^ y ^ e e Hcnont3OBa^H b ctipteBOH cMecH,
H3 KOTOpOH H3rOTaBHHBanH o6pa3U,MI ap6o^HTa, ^H6pOHHTa H U,eMeHTHOcTpy^eHHMx n^HT. n o pe3yntTaTaM HcntrraHHH onpefleneHO, hto npeflno*eH H oe B a ^ y ^ e e o6naflaeT npoHHocrtro Ha 30,2-36,4 % BMme, HeM y hc nont3yeMMx paHee cocTaBOB. 3 to o6tacHaeTca KOMnneKcHMM BO3fleHcTBHeM Ha 3KcrpaKTHBHMe Be^ecTBa 3anonHHTena c0B0KynH0cTH HHrpeflHeHTOB, npHcyTcTByro^Hx b OTxoflax coflOBoro np0H3B0flcTBa.

2. npOH3BOACTBO M H H epa^bH M X 3anO.iHHTe.1eH

n p o m e o d cm e o MUHepanbHix 3anonHumeneu cm eHoeux Mamepuanoe.
OTxoflM coflOBoro np0H3B0flcTBa Hcnont3yroTca npH np0H3B0flcTBe creHObmx MaTepHa^OB b KaHecTBe MHHepaHtHoro HanonHHTena c u,entro noBMmeHHa npoHHocTH H3flenHH [11]. nocraBneHHaa u,ent flocTHraeTca TeM,
h to ctipteB yro cM ect r0T0BaT coBMecTHMM noMonoM cHnHKaT-rnMi6ti
(1 0-2 0 Mac. % ) h mnaMOB coflOBoro np0H3B0flcTBa (8 0-9 0 % ) npH cKopocth coyflapeHHa HacTHu, 100-500 m/c. 3aTeM cMect yBna^HaroT, ^opMyroT
H3flenHa h Btiflep^HBaroT BHaHane npH TeMnepaType 10-20 C b TeHeHHe 5 -6 h, 3aTeM npH TeMnepaType 150-180 C b TeHeHHe 1-1,5 h, hto
o6ecneHHBaeT noBMmeHHe npoHHocTH r0T0BMx H3flenHH h yTHHH3au,Hro
oTxofloB npoH3BoflcTBa.
H3HK0-xHMHHecK0H ochoboh npou,ecca aB^aeTca HHTeHcH^HKau,Ha
xHMHHecKoro B3aHMOflencTBHa 0KcHfl0B Ka^tu,Ha h MarHHa, Haxofla^Hxca
b OTxoflax coflOBoro np0H3B0flcTBa, c rHflpocHHHKaTOM HaTpHa cHHHKaTrnM0M c nocneflyro^HM 06pa30BaHHeM rHflpocH^HKaTOB Kantu,Ha h Mar
HHa, HTO npHBOflHT K 06pa30BaHHM npOHHOrO H BOflOcTOHKOrO KaMHa. M exaHOaKTHBHpOBaHHe BMcOKOcKOpOcTHMM nOMO-HOM npHBOflHT K BO3HHKHOBeHHro H0B006pa30BaHHH, o6pa3yro^Hx nnoTHMH h npoHHMH KaMeHt npH
hh3koh TeMnepaType TepM006pa60TKH.
nonyneHue

3anonHumenn

dnn

acfyanbm oSem om ux

cMeceu.

mnaMa Kap6oHaTa Kantu,Ha oflHoro H3 npeflnpHaTHH no np0H3B0flcTBy coflM

HccneflOBanH ^H3HK0-MexaHHHecKHe cBoHcTBa (Ta6n. 2) h onpefle^HHH, hto
ohh cooTBeTCTByroT Tpe6oBaHHaM, npefltaBnaeMMM T O C T P 52129-2003 flna

29

HeaKTHBHpoBaHHoro nopomKa h mnaM MOseT 6MTt Hcn0nt30BaH b KanecTBe 3aMeHM MHHepantHoro nopomKa b C0CTaBe ac^antT06eT0HHMx CMeceM
[12]. 3KcnepHMeHTantHMe HCcneflOBaHHa n0Ka3anH B03M0*H0CTt Hcnont30BaHHa mnaMa C0fl0B0r 0 np0H3B0flCTBa b KanecTBe 3aMeHM MHHepantHOro nopomKa b C0CTaBe ac^antT06eT0HH0H CMecH. n o pe3yntTaTaM npoBefleHHMx 3KcnepHMeHTantHMx HCcneflOBaHHH 0npefleneH0 , nTO nponHOCTHMe xapaKTepHCTHKH CMeceH c pa3nHnHMM coflepsaHHeM K0Mn0HeHT0B
TexHoreHHoro npoHcxosfleHHa (mnaM Kap6 oHaTa Kantu,Ha, ^ e 6 eHt H3 MeTannyprHnecKHx mnaKOB h necoK H3 OTceBa flpo6neHHa HycoBCKoro MeTannyprHnecKoro 3aB0fla) C00TBeTCTByroT HopMe, nTO n03B0naeT Hcnont30BaTt hx b KanecTBe K0Mn0HeHT0B ac^antT06eT0HH0H CMecH.
OflHH H3 pau,H0HantHMx nyTeH pemeHHa npo6neMM Hcn0nt30BaHHa
TBepflMx 0Tx0fl0B coflOBOH OTpacnH npH npHr0T0BneHHH ac^antT06eT0Hhmx CMeceH - 3to flo 6 aBneHHe k hhm MHHepantHMx K0Mn0HeHT0B b KonHnecTBe, KOTopoe no3BonHno 6m CHH3HTt coflepsaHHe B0fl0pacTB0pHMMx
coeflHHeHHH b 3anonHHTene flO flonycTHMMx npeflenoB. TaKHMH K0Mn0HeHTaMH MoryT 6 MTt KBapu,eBMH necoK, H3BecTHaK, 30nM T3U, h flpyrHe,
He c o fle p s a ^ H e B0fl0pacTB0pHMMx coeflHHeHHH h ^enon efi.
B na6 opaTopHMx h b np0H3B0flCTBeHHMx ycnoBHax pa3pa6oTaH pafl
MapoK n0p0mK006pa3H0r0 3anonHHTena: n c -O n , n c -O K h n c-O 3 , pa3nHnaro^Hxca coflepsaHHeM K0Mn0HeHT0B. npHneM K0nHnecTB0 TBepfloro
0CTaTKa C0CTaBnaeT He MeHee 50 % , a MHHepantHoro K0Mn0HeHTa - o t 25
flO 50 %. n opom oK KasflOH MapKH flonseH OTBenaTt cneflyro^HM rp e6 oBaHHaM: coflepsaHHe B0fl0pacTB0pHMMx coneH flO 6 %; okchaob ^en on hmx MeTannoB flO 2 % ; xnopHflOB flO 5 %. noKa3aTent 6m yM 0eMK0CTH
65 r/cM3, BnasHOCTt He 6 onee 1 %. n o rpaHyn0MeTpHnecK0My C0CTaBy
3epHa nopomKa He flonsHM 6MTt KpynHee 1,25 mm [13]. n0p0mK006pa3hmh 3anonHHTent flna ac^antT06eT0HHMx h 6 HTyMH0-MHHepantHMx CMeceH, nonyneHHMH H3 TBepfloro ocraTKa mnaMa, o6pa3yro^eroca b 6 ontmoM
KOnHneCTBe npH np0H3B0flCTBe KantU,HHHp0BaHH0H COflM, B CMeCH C MHHepantHMMH K0Mn0HeHTaMH - KBapu,eBMM necKOM, Kap6oHaTHMMH nopoflaMH,
30naMH T3U, o6 ecnenHBaeT nonyneHHe ac^antT06eT0H0B, no ochobhmm
CBOHCTBaM C00TBeTCTByro^Hx CTaHflapTy c nynmHMH noKa3aTenaMH rpe^H hoctohkocth, neM y ac^antT06eT0H0B Ha o6MnHMx 3anonHHTenax.
KoMnneKcHbie dodaeKu Hcnont3yroTca b np0H3B0flCTBe 6 eT0H0B, pacTBopoB, KepaMHnecKHx h flpyrHx CTpoHTentHMx MaTepHanoB. ^HCTHnnepHyro SHflKOCTt np0H3B0flCTBa Kantu,HHHp0BaHH0H COflM npHMeHaroT KaK

30

flo 6 aBKy, coflep*am yro CaC12 h N a C l, k 6 eTOHaM npH 3HMHeM 6 eT0HHp0BaHHH, H3rOTOBHeHHH MecTHMx B a ^ y^ H x cOBMecTHMM MOKpMM nOMOHOM
c rpaHyHHpoBaHHMM flOMeHHMM mnaKOM h t. fl. BticoKHe KOHu,empau,HH
hohob Ca2+ h Na+ b flHcTHHHepHOH *HflKocTH o 6 ecneHHBaroT aKTHBH3au,Hro
mnaKa [3].
A o 6 aBKH nO3BOHaroT HHTeHCH^HU,HpOBaTt npOH3BOflcTBeHHMe npou,eccti h u,eneHanpaBneHHO H3MeHaTt CBOHCTBa crpoHTeHtHtix MaTepHaHOB.
0 h h BBOflaTca b He6 oHtmoM KOHHHecTBe (flO3a HeKOToptix n A B cocraBHaeT Bcero HHmt HecK0HtK0 cotm x hhh TticaHHtix flOHeH npou,eHTa M acct
0cH0BH0r 0 MarepHaHa). B ce TexH0H0rHHecKHe npoaBHeHHa fl06aB0K n A B
06ycH0BHeHM aflCOp6 u,HOHHMIM MexaHH3MOM Hx fleHcTBHa H B HaH6 OHtmeM
cTeneHH xapaKTepHM flHa KOHHOHflHO-flHcnepcHMx cHcTeM. A o 6 aBKH 3HeKTpOHHTOB H3MeHaroT pacTBOpHMOcTt MaTepHaHOB, xHMHHecKH c HHMH
B3aHMOfleHcTByroT, CH y*ar u,eHTpaMH KpHCTaHHH3au,HH h t. fl.
Humpum-Humpam xnopuda Kanbyux (H H X K ) npHMeHaroT KaK komnHeKCHyro flo6 aBKy b np0H3B0flCTBe 6 eTOHHMx h *eHe306eT0HHtix H3flehhh, KOTopaa, n03B0Haa cymecTBeHHO ycKopHTt TBepfleHHe 6 eTOHa, BMecTe
c TeM 3amHmaeT CTaHtHyro apMaTypy o t Koppo3HH. H H X K o 6pa3yeTca noCHe CMemHBaHHa ynapeHHOH flHcTHHHepHOH *H flK 0CTH, coflep*am eH 60Hee 30 % CaC12, c HHrpaTHtiMH meHOKaMH np0H3B0flCTBa a3OTHOH khchoTM. A o 6 aBKa H H X K aBHaeTCa B TOM HHCHe 3^eKTHBHOH npOTHBOMOpO3hoh flo6 aBKoH. HcnMTaHHa noKa3aHH, h to flo6 aBKa H H X K MO*eT cym ecrBeHHO ycKopaTt TBepfleHHe ac6 ecTOu,eMeHTHtix H3fleHHH npH HaHeceHHH
pacTBopoB c KOHu,empau,HeH 27-40 % Ha ac6 ecTOu,eMeHTHtiH choh b kohhHecTBe 2 % MaccM u,eMeHTa. B 3tom CHyHae pa36opoHHaa npoHHocTt ac6 ecTOu,eMeHTHtix hhctob BO3pacTaeT b 1,8-3,5 pa3a, a CTaHflapTHtie noKa3aTeHH npoflyKu,HH flocTHraroTca y * e Hepe3 3-5 cyT. TBepfleHHa. npH 3tom
m o *h o coKpaTHTt BpeMa npe6 tBaHHa hhctob b KOHBeHepe npeflBapHTeHtHoro TBepfleHHa [14].
nonyneHue maMnoHawHoso pacm eopa. TaMnoHa*HtiH pacTBop c coflep^aHHeM b HeM OTxofla np0H3B0flCTBa KaHtu,HHHpoBaHHon coflM xapaKTepH3yeTca CHH*eHHeM nHOTHOCTH, noBMmeHHeM npoHHocTH u,eMeHTHoro
KaMHa, CHH^eHHeM BOflOOTfleHeHHa [15]. AHa npHr0T0BHeHHa TaMnoHa*Horo pacTBopa Hcn0Ht30BaHH coHeByro K0Mn03Hu,Hro CHeflyromero cocTaBa,
Mac.%: CaC12 61,6; CaS04 0,1; C a (O H )2 0,18; N a C l 3,4. 3aaBHaeMtiH TaMnoHaHMH pacTBop c Hcn0Ht30BaHHeM b KaHecTBe coHeBoro K0Mn0HeHTa
OTxOflOB npOH3BOflCTBa COflM B CTaflHH flHCTHHHaU,HH, flOnOHHHTeHtHO CO-

31

fle p s a ^ e r o MHKpoc^epM HepacKnaccH^HH,HpoBaHMe, HMeeT cy^ecTBeHHO

HH3Kyro nn0TH0CTt h npeB0cx0flHT H3BecTHMH TaMnoHasHMH pacTBop no
nponHOCTH KaMHa. npH 3tom pacTBop HMeeT HH3Koe BOflOOTfleneHHe. CpoKH
cxBaTMBaHHa pacTBopa HaxoflaTca b npeflenax Tpe6oBaHHH T O C T 1581-96.
TaMnoHasHMH pacTBop Ha 0CH0Be u,eMeHTa MOseT 6MTt Hcn0nt30BaH npH
H,eMeHTHp0BaHHH CKBaSHH.
3.

M aTepna^

n io .iflu n n o t x o a o b

Ha n o ^ n r o H a x T B ep A ^ix S m t o b m x o t x o a o b

Ochobhmm ycnoBHeM bo3m oshocth npHeMa npoMMmneHHMx o tx o flOB Ha nonHroHM TBepflMx 6 mtobmx 0Tx0fl0B - co6nrofleHHe caHHTapHOrHrHeHHnecKHx Tpe6oBaHHH no oxpaHe aTMOC^epHoro B03flyxa, nonBM,
rpyHTOBMx h n0BepxH0CTHMx BOfl. Ochobhmm caHHTapHMM ycnoBHeM aBnaeTca Tpe6oBaHHe HenpeBMmeHHa TOKCHnHOCTH CMecH npoMMmneHHMx
0Tx0fl0B c 6 mtobmmh no cpaBHeHHro c TOKCHnHOCTtro 6mtobmx otxoaob
no flaHHMM aHanH3a BOflHOH bm tsskh. H30nau,H0HHMe MaTepHanM no cbohm CBOHCTBaM flonsHM C00TBeTCTB0BaTt Tpe6oBaHHaM, npefltaBnaeMMM
rpyHTaM: HMeTt BnasHOCTt He 6onee 85 %, He 6MTt B3pMB00nacHMMH,
caMOBOcnnaMeHaro^HMHca, caM0B03roparo^HMHca.
npoBefleHHMe HCcneflOBaHHa Knacca 0nacH0CTH 0Tx0fla C0fl0B0r0
np0H3B0flCTBa n0Ka3anH B03M0sH0CTt ero npHMeHeHHa b KanecTBe H30nHp y ro ^ ero MaTepHana Ha nonHroHax TEO. C u,entro CHHseHHa ero Knacca
0nacH0CTH c 4-ro flO 5-ro h flna 6onee TexHonorHnecKH npHeMneMOH yKnaflKH H3onHpyro^ero MaTepHana MOseT 6MTt peKOMeHflOBaHO ero npeflBapHTentHoe MexaHHnecKoe o6e3BosHBaHHe [16].
AHanH3 HaynHO-TexHHnecKOH h naTeHTHOH HH^opMau,HH n03B0nHn
onpeflenHTt, nTO mnaMM Kap6oHaTa Kantu,Ha h flHCTHnnepHyro sHflKOCTt
np0H3B0flCTBa COflM m osh o npHMeHaTt b pa3nHnHMx OTpacnax crpoHTentCTBa, ynHTMBaa C00TBeTCTByro^He ^H3HK0-xHMHnecKHe, ^H3HK0-MexaHHnecKHe h TOKCHKonorHnecKHe CBOHCTBa 0Tx0fla C0fl0B0r0 np0H3B0flCTBa.
OTxoflM coflOBoro np0H3B0flCTBa npeHMy^ecTBeHHO Hcnont3yroTca b KanecTBe B a s y ^ e ro , MHHepantHoro 3anonHHTena h KOMnneKCHMx fl06aB0K,
npH 3T0M B OflHOM H3flenHH MOryT 6MTt HCn0nt30BaHM pa3HMe CBOHCTBa
OTxOflOB.
AHanH3 Tpe6oBaHHH TexHHnecKOH fl0KyMeHTau,HH k xapaKTepHCTHKaM CTpoHTentHMx MaTepHanoB h pe3yntTaT0B 3KcnepHMeHTantHMx hc cneflOBaHHH MaTepHanoB, nonyneHHMx c Hcn0nt30BaHHeM OTxOflOB npoH3-

32

BOflCTBa KaHtu,HHHp0BaHH0M coflM, noKa3aH, h to onpefleHaeMMe xapaKTepHCTHKH COOTBeTCTByroT yCTaHOBHeHHMM Tpe6 OBaHHaM (Ta6H. 2). 3 t o 03HaHaeT, h to npHMeHeHHe b cocTaBe CTpoHTeHtHMx MaTepHaHOB 0Tx0fl0B
np0H3B0flCTBa coflM He yxyflmaeT, a b HeKOToptx CHyHaax fla * e yHyHmaeT
TexHHHecKHe xapaKTepHCTHKH CTpoHTeHtHMx MaTepHaHOB.
T a 6 Hnu, a 2
OH3HK0-M exaHHHeCKHe CBOHCTBa CTpOHTe^bHMX MaTepHaHOB
C npHMeHeHHeM OTXOAOB np0H3B0ACTBa Ka^bUHHHpOBaHHOM COAbI

CTpOHTeHtHMH MaTepHEH
(HopMaTHBHMH flOKyMeHT)
CHHHKaTHMH KHpnHH Ha OCHOBe H3BeCTKOBO-6eHHTOBOrO
Ba*ymero (rOCT 379-95)

^HeHCTMH 6eT0H Ha OCHOBe

Ba*ymero (rOCT 21520-89)

noKa3aTeHt

Tpe6oBaHna

Macca (Kr)

He 6oHee 4,3
He MeHee
1500
25-30
He MeHee 25
700

nHOTHOCTt (Kr/M3)
npoHHocTt (Mna)
M0p030CT0HK0CTt(Mp3)
nHOTHOCTt (Kr/M3)
npOHHOCTt npH C*aTHH
(Mna)
MopO3OCTOHKOCTt
(Mp3)

Pe3yHtTaTM
nccHeflOBaHHH
3,7-4,1
2000
27,8
100
700

He MeHee 2,5

He HH*e 3,5

He MeHee 25
(flHa 6HOKOB
Hapy*HMx
cTeH)

He HH*e 35

npoHHocTt (Mna)
He MeHee 1,1
(npn 50 0C)
Ot 1,5 flo 4
BoflOHacMmeHHe ( %)
Ac^aHtT06eT0H Ha6yxaHHe o6pa3UoB H3
MHHepaHtHMH nopomoK
CMecH nopomKa c 6nTy(rOCT 9128-84)
MOM ( %)
2,5
nopHCTOCTt ( %)
He 6oHee 45
BoflOCTOHKOCTt
He MeHee 0,85
nHOTHOCTt, Kr/M3
1350flo 1650
BoflooTfleHeHHe, %,
He 6oHee 8,7
CpOKH cxBaTMBaHHa
pacTBopa:
TaMnoHa*HMH pacTBop
HaHaHo (H)
He paHee 2
(rOCT 1581-96)
He no3flHee 10
KOHeu ( h)
npefleH npoHHocTH npn
H3rH6e, Mna
(Hepe3 2 cyTOK)
He MeHee 2,7
npOHHOCTt npn OflHOOCTomne 6ecueMeHTHtie
6eTOHM Ha OcHOBe Ba*ymero HOM C*aTHH, Mna
4-6
(rOCT 30491-97)
( k 1 rofly)

1,4
4,32

1,05
40
0,92
1400
2,2

5
8
8,9

EoHee 6

33

OKOHnaHHe

CTpoHTentHMH MaTepHan
(HopMaTHBHMH flOKyMeHT)
KoMnneKCHaa flo6aBKa
(HHXK) b np0H3B0flCTBe 6etohhmx h sene306eT0HHMx
H3flenHH (rOCT 30340-95)
flpeBecHo-ueMeHTHMe MaTe
pHanM Ha 0CH0Be Basy^ero:
U^eMeHTHo-crpysenHtie nnHtm (TOCT 26816-86),
OH6ponHT (TOCT 8928-81)

Ta6n. 2

noKa3aTent

Tpe6oBaHHa

Pe3yntTaTM
HCcneflOBaHHH

Pa36oponHaa
nponHOCTt, Mna

19

57

He MeHee 9
He MeHee 0,6

flO 18,2
flO 1

nponHOCTt npH H3rH6e,

Mna

Hcn0nt30BaHHe mnaMa Kap6oHaTa Kantu,Ha b KanecTBe TexHoreHHoro

CMpta b np0H3B0flCTBe CTpoHTentHMx MaTepHanoB C00TBeTCTByeT C0BpeMeHhmx npHH^HnaM pecypcoc6epeseHHa h ycToHnHBoro pa3BHTHa, npH 3tom OflHOBpeMeHHO pemaroTca HecK0ntK0 3aflan: 3K0H0MHa npHpoflHMx pecypcoB,
CHHseHHe ctohmocth CTpoHTentHMx H3flenHH 3a cneT CHHseHHa ce6ecT0HMOCTt K0Mn0HeHT0B, ymnroauHa TexHoreHHMx OTxOflOB h ynynmeHHe KaneCTBa OKpysaro^efi cpeflM Ha yp6aHH3HpoBaHHMx TeppHTopHax.
YnHTMBaa HHH0Bau,H0HHMH n yTt pa3BHTHa CTpaHM, noBMmeHHe
06te M 0B Hcn0nt30BaHHa OTxOflOB b np0H3B0flCTBe CTpoHTentHMx MaTe
pHanoB He06x 0flHM0 0CH0BMBaTt Ha HaynHMx HCcneflOBaHHax. 3aMeHa hcxoflHoro npHpoflHoro CMpta TexHoreHHMMH 0Tx0flaMH He flonsH a npHBOflHTt k yxyflmeHHro 3KcnnyaTau,H0HHMx h 3KonorHnecKHx xapaKTepHCTHK
CTpOHTentHMx H3flenHH.
C n n co K ^H TepaTypM

1. Konafla C.B. nepcneKTHBa pa3BHTHa np0H3B0flCTBa CTpoHTentHMx

MaTepHanoB b P occhh flO 2020 r. // noBMmeHHe 3^eKTHBH0CTH np0H3B0flCTBa h npHMeHeHHa rHncoBMx MaTepHanoB h H3flenHH: MaTepHanM I V Bcepoc.
ceMHHapa c MesflyHap. ynacTHeM. - M .: AnBHaH, 2008. - C. 7-15.
2. PaxHMOB P.3., MarfleeB y .X ., .HpMaKOBCKHH B.H. 3KonorHa, HaynHMe fl0CTHseHHa h HHH0Bau,HH b np0H3B0flCTBe CTpoHTentHMx MaTe
pHanoB Ha 0CH0Be h c npHMeHeHHeM TexHoreHHoro CMpta // CrpoHTentHMe MaTepHanM. - 2009. - N 11. - C. 8-11.
3. ^BopKHH .H.H., ^BopKHH O..n.CTpoHTentHMe MHHepantHMe Basy^H e

MaTepHanM: yne6.-npaKT. noco6He. -

2011. - 541 c .

34

M .: MH^pa-MHseHepHa,

4. CocToaHne n oxpaHa 0 K py*aro^eH cpeflM b nepMCKOM Kpae b

2010 r.

[3HeKTpoHHMH pecypc].

URL:

http://permecology.ru/reports

2010.php (flaTa o6pa^eHna 29.10.2011).

5. 3K0H0rnHecKHH ayflHT npou,eccoB 06pa30BaHna n pa3MemeHna
mHaMa COflOBOrO npOH3BOflCTBa O A O Eepe3HHKOBCKnH COflOBtH 3aBOfl.
OnpefleHeHne KHacca onacHOCTH mHaMa coflOBoro np0H3B0flCTBa: OTHeT o
H H P / nepM. roc. TexH. yH-T. - n epM t, 2010. - 80 c.
6. HoMOBa H .M . CHHHKaTHMH KnpnnH Ha OcHOBe B a ^ y ^ e r o H3BecTK0B0-6eHHT0B0r0 Tnna // CrponTeHtHMe MaTepnaHM. -

1989. - M 1 . -

C . 12-14.
7. naT. 2114239 PoccnHcKaa eflepau,na. KoMno3nu,na flHa ycrpoHCTBa OCHOBaHHH aBT0M06nHtHMx

flopor

H Ha3eMHMx

B .A . M m m p h h ; O.E. B ohkob ; B.H. OcnnoB. -

COOpy^eHHH /

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