Chuong Trinh Quoc Gia Ung Pho BDKH

B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG
CHNG TRNH MC TIU QUC GIA

NG PH VI BIN I KH HU
(Trin khai thc hin Ngh quyt s 60/2007/NQ-CP ngy 03 thng 12 nm 2007
ca Chnh ph)
H NI - THNG 7/2008
MC LC
MC LC .................................................................................................................................. 2
DANH MC CC BNG ......................................................................................................... 4
DANH MC CC HNH .......................................................................................................... 4
BNG K HIU V CC CH VIT TT ........................................................................... 5
GII THCH THUT NG ...................................................................................................... 6
I.
S CN THIT PHI XY DNG CHNG TRNH ............................................... 7
1.1. Tnh cp thit ca Chng trnh ....................................................................................... 7
1.2. C s php l ca Chng trnh ....................................................................................... 8
II. NHN NH V BIN I KH HU VIT NAM ................................................. 9
2.1. Thc trng bin i kh hu Vit Nam .......................................................................... 9
2.2. Nhn nh xu th bin i kh hu Vit Nam ................................................................ 9
2.3. Nhn nh v tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu Vit Nam ................................. 9
2.3.1. Kh nng d b tn thng do bin i kh hu..................................................... 10
2.3.2. Tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu i vi Vit Nam.................................. 10
III. QUAN IM, MC TIU V PHM VI CA CHNG TRNH ........................... 22
3.1. Quan im ....................................................................................................................... 22
3.2. Mc tiu ca Chng trnh ............................................................................................. 22
3.2.1. Mc tiu tng qut ................................................................................................. 22
3.2.2. Mc tiu c th ...................................................................................................... 22
3.3. Phng php tip cn...................................................................................................... 23
3.4. Phm vi ca Chng trnh .............................................................................................. 23
3.4.1. Phm vi thi gian................................................................................................... 23
3.4.2. Phm vi khng gian ............................................................................................... 23
IV. CC NHIM V CH YU CA CHNG TRNH ................................................ 24
4.1. nh gi mc v tc ng ca bin i kh hu Vit Nam .................................... 24
4.1.1. Ch tiu thc hin................................................................................................... 24
4.1.2. Cc hot ng chnh .............................................................................................. 24
4.2. Xc nh cc gii php ng ph vi bin i kh hu..................................................... 25
4.2.1. Ch tiu thc hin................................................................................................... 25
4.2.2. Cc hot ng chnh .............................................................................................. 26
4.3. Xy dng chng trnh khoa hc cng ngh v bin i kh hu .................................. 26
4.3.1. Ch tiu thc hin................................................................................................... 26
4.3.2. Cc hot ng chnh .............................................................................................. 27
4.4. Tng cng nng lc t chc, th ch, chnh sch v bin i kh hu.......................... 28
4.4.1. Ch tiu thc hin................................................................................................... 28
4.4.2. Cc hot ng chnh .............................................................................................. 28
4.5. Nng cao nhn thc v pht trin ngun nhn lc.......................................................... 29
4.5.1. Ch tiu thc hin................................................................................................... 29
4.5.2. Cc hot ng chnh .............................................................................................. 30
4.6. Tng cng hp tc quc t ............................................................................................ 31
4.6.1. Ch tiu thc hin................................................................................................... 31
4.6.2. Cc hot ng chnh .............................................................................................. 32
4.7. Tch hp yu t bin i kh hu vo cc chin lc, quy hoch v k hoch pht
trin kinh t - x hi, pht trin ngnh v a phng .................................................... 32
4.7.1. Ch tiu thc hin................................................................................................... 33
4.7.2. Cc hot ng chnh .............................................................................................. 33
4.8. Xy dng cc k hoch hnh ng ng ph vi bin i kh hu .................................. 36
4.8.1. Ch tiu thc hin................................................................................................... 36
4.8.2. Cc hot ng chnh .............................................................................................. 36
V.
HIU QU CA CHNG TRNH ........................................................................... 42
5.1. Hiu qu v kinh t, x hi v mi trng...................................................................... 42

5.1.1. Hiu qu v kinh t ................................................................................................ 42
5.1.2. Hiu qu v x hi ................................................................................................. 42
5.1.3. Hiu qu v mi trng ......................................................................................... 42
5.2. Hiu qu lng ghp vi cc chng trnh khc............................................................... 43
VI. T CHC THC HIN ................................................................................................ 44
6.1. Hon thin h thng t chc qun l................................................................................. 44
6.1.1. Thnh lp Ban Ch o quc gia v Ban Ch nhim Chng trnh ...................... 44
6.1.2. T vn quc t ....................................................................................................... 46
6.1.3. Trch nhim ca cc cp chnh quyn................................................................... 46
6.2. Tham gia ca cc t chc x hi, khi t nhn v ton dn ........................................... 48
6.2.1. nh hng chung ................................................................................................. 48
6.2.2. Tham gia ca cc t chc x hi, cng ng dn c v h gia nh ..................... 48
6.2.3. Tham gia ca cc t chc phi chnh ph ............................................................... 49
6.2.4. Tham gia ca khi t nhn .................................................................................... 49
6.3. Phn k thc hin............................................................................................................ 50
6.3.1. Giai on I ............................................................................................................. 50
6.3.2. Giai on II ............................................................................................................ 50
6.3.3. Giai on III........................................................................................................... 50
6.4. C ch ti chnh .............................................................................................................. 50
6.4.1. Kinh ph thc hin ................................................................................................. 52
6.4.2. Phng thc huy ng vn.................................................................................... 52
6.4.3. Phng thc lp k hoch vn ca Chng trnh ................................................. 53
6.4.4. Cng tc gii ngn, thanh quyt ton .................................................................... 54
6.4.5. Ch bo co ...................................................................................................... 54
6.4.6. Thu ....................................................................................................................... 55
6.5. Gim st, nh gi........................................................................................................... 55
6.5.1. Mc ch v yu cu .............................................................................................. 55
6.5.2. Ni dung gim st, nh gi .................................................................................. 55
6.5.3. C ch gim st, nh gi...................................................................................... 56
6.5.4. Thi gian thc hin gim st, nh gi.................................................................. 56
6.5.5. Cc ch s/ch tiu gim st, nh gi.................................................................... 56
6.5.6. Trch nhim thc hin gim st, nh gi............................................................. 56
6.6. C ch iu chnh Chng trnh ..................................................................................... 57
6.7. Nhng kh khn trong thc hin .................................................................................... 57
VII. XUT V KIN NGH ........................................................................................... 58
7.1. Cc c ch chnh sch cn ban hnh ............................................................................... 58
7.2. Cc xut khc ............................................................................................................. 59
PH LC I: KHUNG K HOCH TCH HP BIN I KH HU VO CC
CHIN LC, QUY HOCH, K HOCH PHT TRIN KINH T - X HI,
PHT TRIN NGNH V A PHNG ................................................................. 60
PH LC II: D KIN CC BC XY DNG K HOCH HNH NG ................ 63
DANH MC CC BNG
Bng 2.1: Cc i tng d b tn thng do bin i kh hu
Bng 2.2: Mc nhy cm v kh nng thch ng
Bng 2.3: Tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu v nc bin dng
Bng 2.4: Tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu v nc bin dng ti cc mc tiu
thin nin k
DANH MC CC HNH
Hnh 6.1: S qun l v t chc thc hin
Hnh 1 (Ph lc I): Quy trnh tch hp bin i kh hu vo cc k hoch pht trin
BNG K HIU V CC CH VIT TT

ATN
BCQG
BKH
B CA
B CT
B GDT
B GTVT
B KHCN
B KHT
B LTBXH
B NG
B NNPTNT
B NV
B QP
B TP
B XD
B TNMT
B TTTT
B VHTTDL
B YT
CDM
CTNS21
MC
on TNCSHCM
TM
GDP
Hi NDVN
Hi LHPNVN
IPCC
KgOE
KNK
KP
KT - XH
LHQ
NBD
MTOE
ODA
ppm
Tg CO2e
ToE
UBDT
UNFCCC
VPCP
p thp nhit i
Ban ch o Quc gia v Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia
Bin i kh hu
B Cng an
B Cng Thng
B Gio dc v o to
B Giao thng vn ti
B Khoa hc v Cng ngh
B K hoch v u t
B Lao ng, Thng binh v X hi
B Ngoi giao
B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
B Ni v
B Quc phng
B T php
B Xy dng
B Ti nguyn v Mi trng
B Thng tin v Truyn thng
B Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch
B Y t
C ch pht trin sch
Chng trnh Ngh s 21
nh gi mi trng chin lc
on Thanh nin Cng sn H Ch Minh
nh gi tc ng mi trng
Thu nhp quc dn
Hi Nng dn Vit Nam
Hi lin hip Ph n Vit Nam
Ban Lin chnh ph v bin i kh hu
Kilogam du quy i
Kh nh knh
Ngh nh th Kyoto
Kinh t - x hi
Lin Hip Quc
Nc bin dng
Triu tn du quy i
Vin tr pht trin chnh thc
Phn triu
Triu tn CO2 tng ng
Tn du quy i
U ban Dn tc
Cng c Khung ca Lin Hip Quc v BKH
Vn phng Chnh ph
GII THCH THUT NG

1. Thi tit l trng thi kh quyn ti mt a im nht nh c xc nh bng t
hp cc yu t: nhit , p sut, m, tc gi, ma,
2. Kh hu thng c nh ngha l trung bnh theo thi gian ca thi tit (thng
l 30 nm, WMO).
3. Dao ng kh hu l s dao ng xung quanh gi tr trung bnh ca kh hu trn
quy m thi gian, khng gian di so vi hin tng thi tit ring l. V d v
dao ng kh hu nh hn hn, l lt ko di v cc iu kin khc do chu k El
Nino v La Nina gy ra.
4. Bin i kh hu l s bin i trng thi ca kh hu so vi trung bnh v/hoc
dao ng ca kh hu duy tr trong mt khong thi gian di, thng l vi thp k
hoc di hn. Bin i kh hu c th l do cc qu trnh t nhin bn trong hoc
cc tc ng bn ngoi, hoc do hot ng ca con ngi lm thay i thnh phn
ca kh quyn hay trong khai thc s dng t.
5. Kh nng b tn thng do tc ng ca bin i kh hu l mc m mt h
thng (t nhin, x hi, kinh t) c th b tn thng do BKH, hoc khng c
kh nng thch ng vi nhng tc ng bt li ca bin i kh hu.
6. ng ph vi bin i kh hu l cc hot ng ca con ngi nhm thch ng v
gim nh bin i kh hu.
7. Thch ng vi bin i kh hu l s iu chnh h thng t nhin hoc con ngi
i vi hon cnh hoc mi trng thay i, nhm mc ch gim kh nng b tn
thng do dao ng v bin i kh hu hin hu hoc tim tng v tn dng cc
c hi do n mang li.
8. Gim nh bin i kh hu l cc hot ng nhm gim mc hoc cng
pht thi kh nh knh.
9. Kch bn bin i kh hu l gi nh c c s khoa hc v tnh tin cy v s tin
trin trong tng lai ca cc mi quan h gia KT-XH, GDP, pht thi kh nh
knh, bin i kh hu v mc nc bin dng. Lu rng, kch bn bin i kh
hu khc vi d bo thi tit v d bo kh hu l n a ra quan im v mi
rng buc gia pht trin v hnh ng.
10. Nc bin dng l s dng mc nc ca i dng trn ton cu, trong khng
bao gm triu, nc dng do bo Nc bin dng ti mt v tr no c th
cao hn hoc thp hn so vi trung bnh ton cu v c s khc nhau v nhit
ca i dng v cc yu t khc.
I.
S CN THIT PHI XY DNG CHNG TRNH
1.1.
Tnh cp thit ca Chng trnh
Bin i kh hu (vit tt l BKH), m trc ht l s nng ln ton cu v

mc nc bin dng, l mt trong nhng thch thc ln nht i vi nhn loi trong
th k 21. Thin tai v cc hin tng kh hu cc oan khc ang gia tng hu ht
cc ni trn th gii, nhit v mc nc bin trung bnh ton cu tip tc tng
nhanh cha tng c v ang l mi lo ngi ca cc quc gia trn th gii.
BKH s tc ng nghim trng n sn xut, i sng v mi trng trn
phm vi ton th gii: n 2080 sn lng ng cc c th gim 2 - 4%, gi s tng 13 45%, t l dn s b nh hng ca nn i chim 36-50%; mc nc bin dng cao
gy ngp lt, gy nhim mn ngun nc, nh hng n nng nghip, v gy ri ro
ln i vi cng nghip v cc h thng KT-XH trong tng lai. Cc cng trnh h
tng c thit k theo cc tiu chun hin ti s kh an ton v cung cp y cc
dch v trong tng lai.
Vit Nam, trong khong 50 nm qua, nhit trung bnh nm tng khong
0,7 C, mc nc bin dng khong 20 cm. Hin tng El-Nino, La-Nina ngy cng
tc ng mnh m n Vit Nam. BKH thc s lm cho cc thin tai, c bit l
bo, l, hn hn ngy cng c lit. Theo tnh ton, nhit trung bnh Vit Nam c
th tng ln 3oC v mc nc bin c th dng 1 m vo nm 2100. Nu mc nc bin
dng 1 m, khong 40 nghn km2 ng bng ven bin Vit Nam s b ngp hng nm,
trong 90% din tch thuc cc tnh ng bng sng Cu Long b ngp hu nh hon
ton (B TNMT, 2003).
o
Theo nh gi ca Ngn hng Th gii (2007), Vit Nam l mt trong nm nc

s b nh hng nghim trng ca BKH v nc bin dng, trong vng ng bng
sng Hng v sng M Cng b ngp chm nng nht. Nu mc nc bin dng 1m s
c khong 10% dn s b nh hng trc tip, tn tht i vi GDP khong 10%. Nu
nc bin dng 3m s c khong 25% dn s b nh hng trc tip v tn tht i vi
GDP ln ti 25%.
Hu qu ca BKH i vi Vit Nam l nghim trng v l mt nguy c hin
hu cho mc tiu xo i gim ngho, cho vic thc hin cc mc tiu thin nin k
v s pht trin bn vng ca t nc.
Cc lnh vc, ngnh, a phng d b tn thng v chu tc ng mnh m
nht ca bin i kh hu l: ti nguyn nc, nng nghip v an ninh lng thc, sc
kho; cc vng ng bng v di ven bin.
Nhn thc r nh hng ca BKH, Chnh ph Vit Nam sm tham gia v
ph chun Cng c Khung ca Lin Hip Quc v BKH v Ngh nh th Kyoto.
Nhiu b, ngnh, a phng trin khai cc chng trnh, d n nghin cu
tnh hnh din bin v tc ng ca BKH n ti nguyn, mi trng, s pht trin
KT-XH, xut v bc u thc hin cc gii php ng ph.
Tuy vy, nhng c gng ni trn l cha m bo ng ph c hiu qu
vi nhng tc ng trc mt v tim tng ca BKH.
Vic xy dng v thc hin Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia ng ph vi bin
i kh hu (sau y gi tt l Chng trnh) theo Ngh quyt 60/2007/NQ-CP l rt
cn thit v cp bch.
1.2.
C s php l ca Chng trnh
1) Cng vn s 1357/CP-QHQT ngy 13 thng 11 nm 1998 ca Th tng

Chnh ph giao Tng cc KTTV (nay l B Ti nguyn v Mi trng) lm c quan
u mi ca Chnh ph Vit Nam tham gia v thc hin Cng c Khung ca Lin
Hip Quc v bin i kh hu v Ngh nh th Kyoto;
2) Cng c Khung ca Lin Hip Quc v bin i kh hu c Chnh ph
Vit Nam ph chun ngy 16 thng 11 nm 1994; Ngh nh th Kyoto c ph
chun ngy 25 thng 9 nm 2002. T thng 2 nm 1995, Vit Nam chnh thc tr
thnh mt Bn khng thuc Ph lc I ca Cng c Khung ca Lin Hip Quc v
bin i kh hu;
3) Lut bo v Mi trng nm 2005 nu r: Chnh ph Vit Nam sn sng
thc hin cc cam kt v ngha v quc t v bo v mi trng m Vit Nam k;
4) Ch th s 35/2005/CT-TTg ngy 17/10/2005 ca Th tng Chnh ph v
vic t chc thc hin Ngh nh th Kyoto thuc Cng c Khung ca Lin Hip
Quc v bin i kh hu ti Vit Nam;
5) Quyt nh s 47/2007/Q-TTg ngy 06 thng 4 nm 2007 ca Th tng
Chnh ph giao B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v cc b, ngnh, a phng c lin
quan thc hin Ngh nh th Kyoto v C ch pht trin sch;
6) Ngh quyt s 60/2007/NQ-CP ngy 03 thng 12 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph
giao B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ch tr, phi hp vi cc b, ngnh lin quan xy
dng Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia ng ph vi bin i kh hu ton cu.
II.
NHN NH V BIN I KH HU VIT NAM
2.1.
Thc trng bin i kh hu Vit Nam
Theo s liu quan trc, bin i ca cc yu t kh hu Vit Nam c nhng

im ng lu sau:
- Nhit . Trong khong 50 nm qua (1951 - 2000), nhit trung bnh nm
Vit Nam tng ln 0,7oC. Nhit trung bnh nm ca 4 thp k gn y (1961 2000) cao hn trung bnh nm ca 3 thp k trc (1931- 1960). Nhit trung
bnh nm ca thp k 1991 - 2000 H Ni, Nng, thnh ph H Ch Minh u
cao hn trung bnh ca thp k 1931 - 1940 ln lt l 0,8; 0,4 v 0,6oC. Nm 2007,
nhit trung bnh nm c 3 ni trn u cao hn trung bnh ca thp k 1931 1940 l 0,8 - 1,3oC v cao hn thp k 1991 - 2000: 0,4 - 0,5oC.
- Lng ma. Trn tng a im, xu th bin i ca lng ma trung bnh
nm trong 9 thp k va qua (1911- 2000) khng r rt theo cc thi k v trn cc
vng khc nhau: c giai on tng ln v c giai on gim xung.
- Mc nc bin. Theo s liu quan trc trong khong 50 nm qua cc trm
Ca ng v Hn Du, mc nc bin trung bnh tng ln khong 20 cm, ph hp
vi xu th chung ca ton cu.
- S t khng kh lnh nh hng ti Vit Nam gim i r rt trong hai thp
k gn y (cui th k XX u th k XXI). Nm 1994 v nm 2007 ch c 15-16 t
khng kh lnh bng 56% trung bnh nhiu nm. 6/7 trng hp c s t khng kh
lnh trong mi thng ma ng (XI - III) thp d thng (0-1 t) cng ri vo 2 thp
k gn y (3/1990, 1/1993, 2/1994, 12/1994, 2/1997, 11/1997). Mt biu hin d
thng gn y nht v kh hu trong bi cnh BKH ton cu l t khng kh lnh
gy rt m, rt hi ko di 38 ngy trong thng 1 v thng 2 nm 2008 gy thit hi
ln cho sn xut nng nghip.
- Bo. Vo nhng nm gn y, s cn bo c cng mnh nhiu hn, qu
o bo dch chuyn dn v cc v pha nam v ma bo kt thc mun hn, nhiu
cn bo c qu o di chuyn d thng hn.
- S ngy ma phn trung bnh nm H Ni gim dn trong thp k 1981 1990 v ch cn gn mt na (15 ngy/nm) trong 10 nm gn y.
2.2.
Nhn nh xu th bin i kh hu Vit Nam

Nhit trung bnh Vit Nam c th tng ln 30C vo nm 2100.
Lng ma c xu th bin i khng ng u gia cc vng, c th tng (t

0% n 10%) vo ma ma v gim (t 0% n 5%) vo ma kh. Tnh bin ng ca
ma tng ln.
Mc nc bin trung bnh trn ton di b bin Vit Nam c th dng ln 1 m
vo nm 2100.
2.3.
Nhn nh v tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu Vit Nam
Vit Nam ang i mt vi nhiu tc ng ca BKH bao gm tc ng n

cuc sng, sinh k, ti nguyn thin nhin, cu trc x hi, h tng k thut v nn
kinh t. Vit Nam c nh gi l mt trong nm quc gia b nh hng nng n nht
ca BKH v mc nc bin dng. ng ph vi BKH cn phi c nhng u t

thch ng v n lc ca ton x hi.
2.3.1. Kh nng d b tn thng do bin i kh hu

Cc s liu v phn tch cho thy BKH c nhng tc ng tim tng n cc
lnh vc, cc a phng v cc cng ng khc nhau ca Vit Nam. BKH lm tng
kh nng b tn thng v to nguy c lm chm hoc o ngc qu trnh pht trin.
Nhng ngi ngho nht, thng tp trung cc vng nng thn, c bit di ven
bin v cc khu vc min ni l i tng chu nguy c tn thng ln nht do
BKH.
Kh nng tn thng cn c nh gi i vi tng lnh vc, khu vc v cng
ng, c hin ti v tng lai. Kh nng tn thng do BKH (bao gm c bin ng
kh hu, nc bin dng v cc hin tng kh hu cc oan) i vi mt h thng ph
thuc vo tnh cht, ln, mc bin ng kh hu v nhng p lc do BKH m
h thng phi hng chu, tnh nhy cm cng nh nng lc thch ng ca h thng
. Nng lc thch ng ca mt h thng ph thuc vo c im t nhin, kinh t, x
hi v mi trng ca h thng . Tc ng tng hp ca BKH i vi h thng
cng ln v nng lc thch ng ca h thng cng nh th kh nng tn thng cng
ln.
Vit Nam, nhng lnh vc/i tng c nh gi l d b tn thng do
BKH bao gm: nng nghip v an ninh lng thc, ti nguyn nc, sc kho, ni
c tr, nht l ven bin v min ni (Bng 2.1 v 2.3).
Cc khu vc d b tn thng bao gm di ven bin (k c nhng ng bng,
c bit l nhng vng hng nm thng chu nh hng ca bo, nc dng do bo,
l lt), vng ni, nht l nhng ni thng xy ra l qut, st l t (Bng 2.1).
C th ni, v mt tiu cc, BKH lm tng tnh c lit ca thin tai, c v
cng ln tn sut.
Cc cng ng d b tn thng bao gm: nng dn, ng dn (nht l nhng
khu vc d b tn thng), cc dn tc thiu s min ni, ngi gi, ph n, tr em
v cc tng lp ngho nht cc th l nhng i tng t c c hi la chn (xem
Bng 2.1).
2.3.2. Tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu i vi Vit Nam

Theo kt qu nh gi cho ton cu ca y ban lin chnh ph v bin i kh
hu (IPCC) v nhng nghin cu s b ban u ca cc nh khoa hc Vit Nam, tc
ng tim tng ca BKH i vi nc ta l nghim trng v cn c nghin cu
su thm.
1)
Tm tt nhng tc ng nghim trng ca bin i kh hu
Nhng tc ng nghim trng nht ca BKH i vi Vit Nam c th c

tm tt nh sau:
a)
Tc ng ca nc bin dng
Vit Nam c b bin di 3.260km, hn mt triu km2 lnh hi v trn 3.000 hn

o gn b v hai qun o xa b, nhiu vng t thp ven bin. Nhng vng ny
hng nm phi chu ngp lt nng n trong ma ma v hn hn, xm nhp mn trong
ma kh. BKH v nc bin dng s lm trm trng thm tnh trng ni trn, lm
10
tng din tch ngp lt, gy kh khn cho thot nc, tng xi l b bin v nhim
mn ngun nc nh hng n sn xut nng nghip v nc sinh hot, gy ri ro
ln i vi cc cng trnh xy dng ven bin nh bin, ng giao thng, bn cng,
cc nh my, cc th v khu dn c ven bin. Mc nc bin dng v nhit nc
bin tng nh hng n cc h sinh thi bin v ven bin, gy nguy c i vi cc rn
san h v rng ngp mn, nh hng xu n nn tng sinh hc cho cc hot ng
khai thc v nui trng thy sn ven bin. Tt c nhng iu trn y i hi phi c
u t rt ln xy dng v cng c h thng bin, nhm ng ph vi mc nc
bin dng, pht trin h tng k thut, di di v xy dng cc khu dn c v th c
kh nng thch ng cao vi nc bin dng.
b)
Tc ng ca s nng ln ton cu
Nhit tng ln nh hng n cc h sinh thi t nhin, lm dch chuyn cc

ranh gii nhit ca cc h sinh thi lc a v h sinh thi nc ngt, lm thay i c
cu cc loi thc vt v ng vt mt s vng, mt s loi c ngun gc n i v
nhit i c th b mt i dn n suy gim tnh a dng sinh hc.
i vi sn xut nng nghip, c cu cy trng, vt nui v ma v c th b
thay i mt s vng, trong v ng min Bc c th b rt ngn li hoc thm
ch khng cn v ng; v ma ko di hn. iu i hi phi thay i k thut
canh tc. Nhit tng v tnh bin ng ca nhit ln hn, k c cc nhit cc
i v cc tiu, cng vi bin ng ca cc yu t thi tit khc v thin tai lm tng
kh nng pht trin su bnh, dch bnh dn n gim nng sut v sn lng, tng
nguy c v ri ro i vi nng nghip v an ninh lng thc.
Nhit tng, m cao lm gia tng sc p v nhit i vi c th con ngi,
nht l ngi gi v tr em, lm tng bnh tt, c bit l cc bnh nhit i, bnh
truyn nhim thng qua s pht trin ca cc loi vi khun, cc cn trng v vt ch
mang bnh, ch dinh dng v v sinh mi trng suy gim.
S gia tng ca nhit cn nh hng n cc lnh vc khc nh nng lng,
giao thng vn ti, cng nghip, xy dng, du lch, thng mi, lin quan n chi
ph gia tng cho vic lm mt, thng gi, bo qun v vn hnh thit b, phng tin,
sc bn vt liu.
c)
Tc ng ca cc hin tng kh hu cc oan v thin tai
S gia tng ca cc hin tng kh hu cc oan v thin tai, c v tn s v

cng do BKH l mi e da thng xuyn, trc mt v lu di i vi tt c
cc lnh vc, cc vng v cc cng ng. Bo, l lt, hn hn, ma ln, nng nng, t
lc l thin tai xy ra hng nm nhiu vng trong c nc, gy thit hi cho sn xut
v i sng.
BKH s lm cho cc thin tai ni trn tr nn c lit hn v c th tr thnh
thm ha, gy ri ro ln cho pht trin kinh t, x hi hoc xo i nhng thnh qu
nhiu nm ca s pht trin, trong c nhng thnh qu thc hin cc mc tiu thin
nin k. Nhng vng/khu vc c d tnh chu tc ng ln nht ca cc hin tng
kh hu cc oan ni trn l di ven bin Trung B, vng ni pha Bc v Bc Trung
B, vng ng bng Bc B v ng bng sng Cu Long.
2)
Tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu i vi cc lnh vc v khu vc
a)
Tc ng ca bin i kh hu i vi ti nguyn nc
11
Ti nguyn nc ang chu thm nguy c suy gim do hn hn ngy mt tng

mt s vng, ma. Kh khn ny s nh hng n nng nghip, cung cp nc
nng thn, thnh th v sn xut in.
Ch ma thay i c th gy l lt nghim trng vo ma ma, v hn hn
vo ma kh, gy kh khn cho vic cp nc v tng mu thun trong s dng nc.
Trn cc sng ln nh sng Hng v sng Cu Long, xu hng gim nhiu hn i
vi dng chy nm v dng chy kit; xu th tng nhiu hn i vi dng chy l.
b)
Tc ng ca bin i kh hu i vi nng nghip v an ninh lng thc
BKH c tc ng ln n sinh trng, nng sut cy trng, thi v gieo trng,

lm tng nguy c ly lan su bnh hi cy trng. BKH nh hng n sinh sn, sinh
trng ca gia sc, gia cm, lm tng kh nng sinh bnh, truyn dch ca gia sc, gia
cm.
Vi s nng ln trn phm vi ton lnh th, thi gian thch nghi ca cy trng
nhit i m rng v ca cy trng nhit i thu hp li. Ranh gii ca cy trng
nhit i dch chuyn v pha vng ni cao hn v cc v pha Bc. Phm vi thch
nghi ca cy trng nhit i b thu hp thm. Vo nhng nm 2070, cy nhit i
vng ni ch c th sinh trng nhng cao trn 100 - 500m v li xa hn v pha
Bc 100 - 200 km so vi hin nay.
BKH c kh nng lm tng tn s, cng , tnh bin ng v tnh cc oan
ca cc hin tng thi tit nguy him nh bo, t, lc, cc thin tai lin quan n
nhit v ma nh thi tit kh nng, l lt, ngp ng hay hn hn, rt hi, xm
nhp mn, su bnh, lm gim nng sut v sn lng ca cy trng v vt nui.
BKH gy nguy c thu hp din tch t nng nghip. Mt phn ng k din
tch t nng nghip vng t thp ng bng ven bin, ng bng sng Hng, sng
Cu Long b ngp mn do nc bin dng, nu khng c cc bin php ng ph thch
hp.
c)
Tc ng ca bin i kh hu i vi lm nghip
Do BKH, h sinh thi rng b nh hng theo cc chiu hng khc nhau:
- Nc bin dng ln lm gim din tch rng ngp mn hin c, tc ng xu

n rng trm v rng trng trn t b nhim phn cc tnh Nam B.
- Ranh gii rng nguyn sinh cng nh rng th sinh c th dch chuyn.
Rng cy h du m rng ln pha Bc v cc di cao hn, rng rng l vi nhiu cy
chu hn pht trin mnh.
- Nhit cao kt hp vi nh sng di do thc y qu trnh quang hp dn
n tng cng qu trnh ng ha ca cy xanh. Tuy vy, ch s tng trng sinh
khi ca cy rng c th gim do m gim.
- Nguy c dit chng ca ng vt v thc vt gia tng, mt s loi ng, thc
vt qu him c th b suy kit.
- Nhit v mc kh hn gia tng lm tng nguy c chy rng, pht trin
su bnh, dch bnh...
d)
Tc ng ca bin i kh hu i vi thy sn
Hin tng nc bin dng v ngp mn gia tng dn n cc hu qu sau y:
12
- Nc mn ln su vo ni a, lm mt ni sinh sng thch hp ca mt s

loi thy sn nc ngt.
- Rng ngp mn hin c b thu hp, nh hng n ni c tr ca mt s loi
thy sn.
- Kh nng c nh cht hu c ca h sinh thi rong bin gim, dn n gim
ngun cung cp sn phm quang hp v cht dinh dng cho sinh vt y. Do vy,
cht lng mi trng sng ca nhiu loi thy sn xu i.
Nhit tng cng dn n mt s hu qu:
- Gy ra hin tng phn tng nhit r rt trong thy vc nc ng, nh
hng n qu trnh sinh sng ca sinh vt.
- Mt s loi di chuyn ln pha Bc hoc xung su hn lm thay i c cu
phn b thy sinh vt theo chiu su.
- Qu trnh quang ha v phn hu cc cht hu c nhanh hn, nh hng n
ngun thc n ca sinh vt. Cc sinh vt tiu tn nhiu nng lng hn cho qu trnh
h hp cng nh cc hot ng sng khc lm gim nng sut v cht lng thy sn.
- Suy thoi v ph hu cc rn san h, thay i cc qu trnh sinh l, sinh ha
din ra trong mi quan h cng sinh gia san h v to.
- Cng v lng ma ln lm cho nng mui gim i trong mt thi
gian dn n sinh vt nc l v ven b, c bit l nhuyn th hai v (nghu, ngao,
s,...) b cht hng lot do khng chng chu ni vi nng mui thay i.
i vi ngun li hi sn v ngh c, BKH gy ra cc tc ng:
- Nc bin dng lm cho ch thy l, thy ha v thy sinh xu i. Kt qu
l cc qun x hin hu thay i cu trc v thnh phn, tr lng gim st.
- Nhit tng lm cho ngun thy, hi sn b phn tn. Cc loi c cn nhit
i c gi tr kinh t cao b gim i hoc mt hn. C cc rn san h a phn b tiu
dit.
- Cc loi thc vt ni, mt xch u tin ca chui thc n cho ng vt ni b
hu dit, lm gim mnh ng vt ni, do lm gim ngun thc n ch yu ca cc
ng vt tng gia v tng trn.
)
Tc ng ca bin i kh hu i vi nng lng

Nc bin dng gy cc tc ng sau y:
- nh hng ti hot ng ca cc dn khoan c xy dng trn bin, h

thng dn kh v cc nh my in chy kh c xy dng ven bin, lm tng chi ph
bo dng, duy tu, vn hnh my mc, phng tin,...
- Cc trm phn phi in trn cc di ven bin phi tng thm nng lng tiu
hao cho bm tiu nc cc vng thp ven bin. Mt khc, dng chy cc sng ln c
cng trnh thy in cng chu nh hng ng k.
Nhit tng cng gy tc ng n ngnh nng lng:
- Tng chi ph thng gi, lm mt hm l khai thc v lm gim hiu sut, sn
lng ca cc nh my in.
13
- Tiu th in cho sinh hot gia tng v chi ph lm mt trong cc ngnh cng
nghip, giao thng, thng mi v cc lnh vc khc cng gia tng ng k.
- Nhit tng km theo lng bc hi tng kt hp vi s tht thng trong
ch ma dn n thay i lng nc d tr v lu lng vo ca cc h thy in.
BKH theo hng gia tng cng v lng ma, bo, dng st cng nh
hng, trc ht n h thng dn khoan ngoi khi, h thng vn chuyn du v kh
vo b, h thng truyn ti v phn phi in,
Yu cu hn ch tc tng pht thi kh nh knh (KNK) cng nh hng n
hot ng ca ngnh nng lng.
e)
Tc ng ca bin i kh hu i vi giao thng vn ti
BKH c nhiu nh hng tiu cc n giao thng vn ti, mt ngnh tiu th

nhiu nng lng v pht thi KNK khng ngng tng ln trong tng lai nhm p
ng yu cu pht trin KT-XH trong thi k cng nghip ha, hin i ha. Vic kim
sot v hn ch tc tng pht thi KNK i hi ngnh phi i mi v p dng cc
cng ngh t cht thi v cng ngh sch dn n tng chi ph ln.
Nhit tng lm tiu hao nng lng ca cc ng c, trong c cc yu cu
lm mt, thng gi trong cc phng tin giao thng cng gp phn tng chi ph trong
ngnh GTVT.
g)
Tc ng ca bin i kh hu i vi cng nghip v xy dng
Cng nghip l ngnh kinh t quan trng, pht trin nhanh trong qu trnh cng
nghip ha, hin i ha. Cc khu cng nghip l cc c s kinh t quan trng ca t
nc ang v s c xy dng nhiu vng ng bng phi i din nhiu hn vi
nguy c ngp lt v thch thc trong thot nc do nc l t sng v mc nc bin
dng. Vn ny i hi cc nh gi v tng u t ln trong xy dng cc khu cng
nghip v th, cc h thng bin, sng bo v, h thng tiu thot nc, p
dng cc bin php nhm hn ch ri ro, c bit nhng khu cng nghip c rc thi
v ha cht c hi c xy dng trn vng t thp.
BKH lm tng kh khn trong vic cung cp nc v nguyn vt liu cho cc
ngnh cng nghip v xy dng nh dt may, ch to, khai thc v ch bin khong
sn, nng, lm, thy, hi sn, xy dng cng nghip v dn dng, cng ngh ht nhn,
thng tin, truyn thng, v.v. Cc iu kin kh hu cc oan gia tng cng vi thin tai
lm cho tui th ca vt liu, linh kin, my mc, thit b v cc cng trnh gim i,
i hi nhng chi ph tng ln khc phc.
BKH cn i hi cc ngnh ny phi xem xt li cc quy hoch, cc tiu
chun k thut, tiu chun ngnh nhm thch ng vi BKH.
h)
Tc ng ca bin i kh hu i vi sc khe con ngi
Nhit tng lm tng tc ng tiu cc i vi sc khe con ngi, dn n

gia tng mt s nguy c i vi tui gi, ngi mc bnh tim mch, bnh thn kinh.
Tnh trng nng ln lm thay i cu trc ma nhit hng nm. min Bc, ma ng
s m ln, dn ti thay i c tnh trong nhp sinh hc ca con ngi.
BKH lm tng kh nng xy ra mt s bnh nhit i: st rt, st xut huyt,
lm tng tc sinh trng v pht trin nhiu loi vi khun v cn trng, vt ch
mang bnh, lm tng s lng ngi b bnh nhim khun d ly lan,...
14
Thin tai nh bo, t, nc dng, ngp lt, hn hn, ma ln v st l t v.v...

gia tng v cng v tn s lm tng s ngi b thit mng v nh hng gin tip
n sc khe thng qua nhim mi trng, suy dinh dng, bnh tt hoc do nhng
v ca k hoch dn s, kinh t x hi, c hi vic lm v thu nhp. Nhng i
tng d b tn thng nht l nhng nng dn ngho, cc dn tc thiu s min ni,
ngi gi, tr em v ph n.
i)
Tc ng ca bin i kh hu n vn ha, th thao, du lch, thng mi v
dch v
BKH c tc ng trc tip n cc hot ng vn ha, th thao, du lch,
thng mi v dch v v c nh hng gin tip thng qua cc tc ng tiu cc
n cc lnh vc khc nh giao thng, vn ti, xy dng, nng nghip, sc khe
cng ng,...
Nc bin dng nh hng n cc bi tm ven bin, mt s bi c th mt
i, mt s khc b y su vo t lin, nh hng n vic khai thc, lm tn hi
n cc cng trnh di sn vn ha, lch s, cc khu bo tn, cc khu du lch sinh
thi, cc sn gn vng thp ven bin v cc cng trnh h tng lin quan khc c
th b ngp, di chuyn hay ngng tr,... lm gia tng chi ph cho vic ci to, di
chuyn v bo dng.
Nhit tng v s rt ngn ma lnh lm gim tnh hp dn ca cc khu du
lch, ngh dng ni ting trn ni cao, trong khi ma du lch ma h c th ko di
thm (xem Bng 2.2. v 2.3).
BKH l mt nguy c, ri ro cn tnh n trong qu trnh xy dng, hon thin
v thc hin cc chin lc, quy hoch v k hoch pht trin KT-XH, pht trin
ngnh v a phng. Hu qu ca BKH l thch thc nghim trng i vi mc tiu
xo i, gim ngho, mc tiu thin nhin k v s pht trin bn vng ca t nc.
Nhng tc ng tim tng ca BKH v nc bin dng ti cc mc tiu thin nhin
k c minh ho trong Bng 2.4.
15
Bng 2.1: Cc i tng d b tn thng do BKH

Yu t
Vng nhy cm,
tc ng d b tn thng
S gia
- Vng ni: ng
tng
Bc, Ty Bc v
nhit
Bc Trung B
- ng bng Bc
B
Nc
- Di ven bin,
bin dng
nht l nhng
vng thng b
nh hng ca
bo, nc dng,
l lt (ng bng
sng Cu Long,
sng Hng, ven
bin Trung B
- Hi o
L lt, l
qut v
st l t
Bo v
p thp
nhit i
Di ven bin (bao gm c ng

bng chu th v cc vng t
ngp nc: ng bng v ven bin Bc B, BSCL, ven bin Trung
B)
Vng ni: Ty
Bc, ng Bc,
Bc Trung B v
Ty Nguyn
Di ven bin,
nht l Trung B,
ng bng sng
Hng, sng Cu Long
Hi o
-
Ngnh/i tng d b tn
thng
Nng nghip v an ninh lng
thc
Thy sn
Cc h sinh thi t nhin, a
dng sinh hc
Ti nguyn nc
Nng lng (sn xut v tiu
th)
Sc khe cng ng
thc
Thy sn
Cc h sinh thi bin v ven
bin
Ti nguyn nc (nc mt,
nc ngm)
Nng lng
Du lch
H tng k thut, khu cng
nghip
Sc khe cng ng
Ni c tr
thc
Thy sn
Giao thng vn ti
Ti nguyn nc
H tng k thut
Ni c tr
Sc khe v i sng
Thng mi v Du lch
Cng ng d b
tn thng
- Nng dn
ngho
- Cc dn tc
thiu s, ngi
gi, tr em, ph
n
- Dn c ven
bin, nht l
nng dn
ngho, ng dn
- Ngi gi, ph
n, tr em
- Dn c ven
bin
- Dn c min
ni, nht l dn
tc thiu s
- Ngi gi, ph
n, tr em
Nng nghip v an ninh lng - Dn c ven

bin, nht l
thc
ng dn
Thy sn
- Ngi gi, ph
Giao thng vn ti
n, tr em
Nng lng
Cc hot ng trn bin v ven
bin khc
- H tng k thut
- Ni c tr
16
Hn hn
- Trung B, nht l
Nam Trung B
- ng bng v
Trung du Bc B
- ng bng sng
Cu Long
- Ty Nguyn
Cc hin - Di ven bin
tng kh
Trung B
hu cc
- Vng ni v
oan
Trung du Bc B
khc (*)
- Sc kho v i sng
- Thng mi v Du lch
- Nng nghip v an ninh lng
thc
- Ti nguyn nc
- Nng lng (thu in)
- Giao thng thu
- Sc kho v i sng
- Nng nghip v an ninh lng
thc
- Sc kho v i sng
- Nng dn, nht

l cc dn tc
thiu s Nam
Trung B v
Ty Nguyn
- Ngi gi, ph
n, tr em
- Nng dn, nht
l min ni
Bc B v
Trung B
- Ngi gi, ph
n, tr em
Ghi ch: (*) Cc hin tng kh hu cc oan khc gm: Cc t nng nng v s
ngy nng nng, cc t rt v s ngy rt m, rt hi, ma cc ln, dng, t, lc,
Bng 2.2: Mc nhy cm v kh nng thch ng

Ngnh/i tng
Mc
nhy cm,
d b tn
thng
Kh nng thch ng
Ti nguyn nc
Rt
cm
nhy C th thch ng vi mt gi nht

nh

thc
Rt
cm
nhy C th thch ng vi mt gi nht

nh
Cc h sinh thi bin v ven Rt

bin
cm
nhy Cha r hoc kh thch ng
Lm nghip
Nhy cm
C th thch ng vi mt gi nht
nh
Thu sn
Nhy cm
nh
Thu li (ch yu l cc cng Nhy cm

trnh)
nh
Nng lng
Nhy cm
nh
Giao thng vn ti
Nhy cm
nh
Cng nghip v Xy dng
Nhy cm
nh
17
Vn ho, Th thao, Du lch v Nhy cm

ngh ngi
nh
Thng mi v Dch v
Nhy cm
nh
Ni c tr
Nhy cm
nh
Sc kho
Nhy cm
nh
Di c
Nhy cm
nh
Cnh quan t nhin
Nhy cm
Cha r
18
Bng 2.3: Tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu v nc bin dng

Cc yu t tc ng
Ngnh,
lnh vc,
i tng
Nhit
tng
Nc
bin dng
Bo v
ATN
L lt
Hn hn
Cc hin
tng kh hu
cc oan
khc(*)
Nng
nghip v
an ninh
lng
thc
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Xy dng
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Thu sn
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Giao
thng vn
ti
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Trung
bnh
Trung bnh
Sc kho
Cao
Trung
bnh
Trung
bnh
Cao
Cao
Cao
Ti
nguyn
nc
Cao
Cao
Trung
bnh
Cao
Cao
Trung bnh
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Trung
bnh
Trung bnh
Cao
Trung
bnh
Trung
bnh
Cao
Cao
Trung
bnh
Trung
bnh
Trung
bnh
Trung bnh
Cao
Cao
Trung
bnh
Trung
bnh
Trung
bnh
Trung bnh
Du lch
Ni c tr
Nng
lng
Cng
nghip
Cc h
sinh thi
t nhin
v DSH
Trung
bnh
Trung
bnh
Trung
bnh
Trung
bnh
Trung
bnh
Trung
bnh
Cao
Trung bnh
Trung bnh
Trung bnh
Ghi ch: (*) Cc hin tng kh hu cc oan khc gm: Cc t nng nng v s
ngy nng nng, cc t rt v s ngy rt m, rt hi, ma cc ln, dng, t, lc,
19
Bng 2.4: Tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu v mc nc bin dng

ti cc mc tiu thin nin k
Cc mc tiu
thin nin k
Cc tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu

v mc nc bin dng
- Tc ng ti ti sn, sinh k bao gm nh ca, ngun cp

nc, sc khe v h tng k thut. Nhng tc ng ny c
Xa b tnh trng
th lm suy gim kh nng ca con ngi trong vic m
ngho cng cc v
bo
cuc sng, vt qua i ngho;
thiu i
- Gim sn lng nng nghip, nh hng ti an ninh lng
thc;
- Thay i trong h thng t nhin v ti nguyn thin nhin,
h tng k thut v nng sut lao ng c th lm gim cc
c hi thu nhp v nh hng ti pht trin kinh t;
- Cc sc p x hi c ngun gc t s dng ti nguyn thin
nhin c th dn ti xung t, mt n nh cuc sng v
sinh k buc cc cng ng phi di c.
- Mt ti sn, sinh k v thm ha t nhin lm gim cc c
Mc tiu 2:
hi c gio dc o to chnh quy, nhiu tr em (c bit
Ph cp gio dc tiu
l
tr em gi) c th b p phi ngh hc nhm gip gia nh
hc
tm vic lm tng thu nhp hoc gip nhng thnh vin
gia nh b m;
- Suy dinh dng v bnh tt cng lm gim t l n trng
v kh nng hc tp ca tr em;
- Thay i ni sng v di c c th lm gim c hi n
trng.
Mc tiu 3:
- S gia tng bt bnh ng v gii do cc sinh k ca ph n
ngy cng ph thuc vo mi trng v cc iu kin kh
Tng cng bnh
hu, thi tit. iu ny c th dn ti suy gim sc khe v
ng nam, n v nng
gim thi gian tham gia vo cc qu trnh ra quyt nh v
cao v th cho ph n
tng thu nhp;
- Ph n v tr em gi thng phi m nhim vic ni tr,
gio dc con ci v lo thc phm cho gia nh. Trong bi
cnh tc ng ca BKH ngy cng gia tng, h phi i
mt thm vi nhiu kh khn, gia tng cng vic gia nh,
gim c hi c gii phng v bnh ng;
- cc gia nh ngho, ph n thng phi qun l ti sn
nhng cc ti sn ny thng b nh hng mnh m bi
cc thm ha c lin quan ti kh hu.
- T vong v bnh tt c xu hng gia tng do thin tai nh
Mc tiu 4:
bo, l, hn v cc t nng nng, rt hi ko di;
Gim t l t vong
- Tr em v ph n mang thai thng l nhng i tng c
ca tr em
h min dch yu hn, d b ly truyn cc bnh truyn
nhim do cn trng nh st rt, st xut huyt, vim no v
cc bnh dch ly truyn qua ng nc hoc v sinh
km. Nhng bnh dch ny c th gia tng do BKH v
lm tng t l t vong tr em.
Mc tiu 1:
20
- Gim cht lng nc v s lng nc sch, nguy c gia

tng cc bnh truyn nhim do BKH l yu t e da sc
Tng cng sc khe
khe
sinh sn, iu kin nui dng, chm sc b m v tr
b m
em;
- Thm ha thin nhin gy mt ma, i km, di c do
BKH c th tc ng ti an ninh lng thc v dinh
dng cho b m, tr em.
- Sc p v ti nguyn nc v iu kin thi tit nng ln s
Mc tiu 6:
lm gia tng bnh dch, k c HIV/AIDS; BKH c th
Phng chng
lm
tng s ly lan v bng pht mt s bnh truyn nhim
HIV/AIDS, st rt v
qua cn trng v thc n/ngun nc. Mt s bnh mi
cc bnh khc
hoc trc y khng c Vit Nam c th xut hin, cc
bnh b kim ch c nguy c quay li, lan rng sang cc
vng mi do thay i thi tit, kh hu.
- Di c tng v mt dn s cao do nh hng ca BKH
nc bin dng, thin tai) c th lm tng s ly lan cc
bnh truyn mhim v bnh x hi, k c HIV/AIDS v st
rt. Cc c nhn v gia nh sng chung vi HIV hoc b
nh hng, c t l ti sn sinh k thp, h min dch yu
v suy dinh dng cao s b nh hng nhiu hn do tc
ng ca BKH v thin tai, dn n tng nguy c ly
truyn, lm gim thm ch trit tiu hiu qu cc hot ng
phng chng.
- Cc tc ng trc tip hoc gin tip ca BKH c th gy
Mc tiu 7:
thay i v suy thoi cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin v
m bo bn vng v
h sinh thi, gim a dng sinh hc, tng nhim mi
mi trng
trng, l mt thch thc ln cho pht trin bn vng;
- BKH c th thay i qu trnh tng tc gia h sinh thi
v con ngi, dn ti mt a dng sinh hc v cc ngun
b tr cuc sng c bn t ti nguyn thin nhin cho sinh
k con ngi i vi nhiu cng ng.
- BKH l mt thch thc ton cu. Qu trnh ng ph i
Mc tiu 8:
hi s hp tc ton cu, c bit l i vi cc nc ang
Thit lp quan h i
pht trin i ph v thch ng vi cc tc ng tiu cc
tc ton ton cu v
ca
BKH;
pht trin
- Quan h quc t v cc mi tng tc a l, chnh tr c
th b nh hng do cc tc ng ca BKH v xung t
lin quan n ti nguyn, lnh th v mi trng.
Mc tiu 5:
21
III.
QUAN IM, MC TIU V PHM VI CA CHNG TRNH
3.1.
Quan im
1) ng ph vi BKH phi c tin hnh trn nguyn tc pht trin bn vng,

h thng, tng hp, ngnh/lin ngnh, vng/lin vng, bnh ng v gii, xa i gim
ngho;
2) Cc hot ng ng ph vi BKH phi c tin hnh c trng tm, trng
im; ng ph vi nhng tc ng cp bch trc mt v nhng tc ng tim tng
lu di; u t cho ng ph vi BKH l hiu qu v kinh t, ng ph hm nay s
gim c nhng thit hi ln hn nhiu trong tng lai;
3) ng ph vi BKH l nhim v ca ton h thng chnh tr, ca ton x hi,
ca cc cp, cc ngnh, cc t chc, mi ngi dn v cn c tin hnh vi s ng
thun v quyt tm cao, t phm vi a phng, vng, quc gia n ton cu;
4) Cc yu t BKH phi c tch hp vo cc chin lc, quy hoch, k
hoch pht trin cc cp, cc ngnh, cc a phng, c trong cc vn bn quy phm
php lut cng nh t chc thc hin;
5) Thc hin ng theo nguyn tc Trch nhim chung nhng c phn bit
c xc nh trong Cng c Khung ca Lin Hip Quc v BKH, Vit Nam s
thc hin c hiu qu chng trnh gim nh BKH khi c s h tr y v vn v
chuyn giao cng ngh t cc nc pht trin v cc ngun ti tr quc t khc.
3.2.
Mc tiu ca Chng trnh
3.2.1. Mc tiu tng qut

Mc tiu chin lc ca Chng trnh l nh gi c mc tc ng ca
bin i kh hu i vi cc lnh vc, ngnh v a phng trong tng giai on v
xy dng c k honh hnh ng c tnh kh thi ng ph hiu qu vi bin
i kh hu cho tng giai on ngn hn v di hn nhm m bo s pht trin bn
vng ca t nc, tn dng cc c hi pht trin theo hng cc bon thp v tham gia
cng cng ng quc t trong n lc gim nh BKH, bo v h thng kh hu tri
t.
3.2.2. Mc tiu c th
1) nh gi c mc bin i ca kh hu Vit Nam do BKH ton cu v
mc tc ng ca BKH (bao gm c bin ng kh hu, nc bin dng v cc
hin tng kh tng cc oan) i vi cc lnh vc, ngnh v cc a phng;
2) Xc nh c cc gii php ng ph vi BKH;
3) Tng cng c cc hot ng KHCN nhm xc lp cc c s khoa hc v
thc tin cho cc gii php ng ph vi BKH;
4) Cng c v tng cng c nng lc t chc, th ch, chnh sch v
BKH;
5) Nng cao c nhn thc, trch nhim tham gia ca cng ng v pht trin
ngun nhn lc;
6) Tng cng c hp tc quc t nhm tranh th s gip , h tr ca quc
t trong ng ph vi BKH; tn dng cc c hi pht trin theo hng cc bon thp;
22
gp phn cng cng ng quc t gim nh BKH v bo v hiu qu h thng kh

hu ton cu;
7) Tch hp c yu t BKH vo cc chin lc, quy hoch v k hoch pht
trin kinh t - x hi, pht trin ngnh v cc a phng;
8) Xy dng v trin khai c cc k hoch hnh ng ca cc b/ngnh v
a phng ng ph vi BKH; trin khai c cc d n th im.
3.3.
Phng php tip cn
1) Tham vn cng ng, phn hi hai chiu, trong ch trng n cng ng

a phng, s tn thng v cc nhu cu cp bch ca a phng v thch ng vi
BKH;
2) Tip cn a ngnh/lnh vc, khu vc, cc cp v cc t chc x hi, c bit
l pht huy tnh ch ng ca cc ngnh, cc a phng;
3) K tha cc chin lc, mc tiu quc gia v pht trin kinh t - x hi v
cc chin lc pht trin ca cc ngnh, a phng. c kt v pht huy cc kin
thc, kinh nghim dn gian, a phng, truyn thng trong ng ph vi thin tai v
cc hin tng kh hu cc oan;
4) Da vo cc t chc hin c ca quc gia, a phng, ngnh; cc ngun lc
trong nc v s gip ca quc t;
5) Mm do, n gin, d hiu.
3.4.
Phm vi ca Chng trnh
3.4.1. Phm vi thi gian

1) Giai on I (2009-2010): Giai on Khi ng
2) Giai on II (2011-2015): Giai on Trin khai
3) Giai on III (sau 2015): Giai on Pht trin
3.4.2. Phm vi khng gian

Chng trnh c thc hin trn phm vi ton quc.
23
IV.
CC NHIM V CH YU CA CHNG TRNH
Chng trnh c trin khai theo hng kt hp nghin cu vi thc hin cc

gii php ng ph. Trong khi cc kch bn v BKH, c bit l nc bin dng, phi
c sm hon thin trn c s cc b/ngnh v a phng xy dng k hoch
hnh ng ca mnh, th cn u tin trin khai thc hin ngay cc hot ng ng ph
vi BKH, c bit l phng chng v gim nh thin tai, cho cc lnh vc, ngnh, a
phng nhy cm v d b tn thng do BKH gy ra nh: ti nguyn nc, nng
nghip v an ninh lng thc, nng lng, xy dng, giao thng vn ti, y t v sc
kho; cc vng ng bng v di ven bin.
4.1.
nh gi mc v tc ng ca bin i kh hu Vit Nam
Nhim v trng tm cn thc hin ngay l nh gi din bin kh hu; xy dng

cc kch bn BKH, c bit l nc bin dng, v nh gi tc ng ca BKH (bao
gm c bin ng kh hu, nc bin dng v cc hin tng kh tng cc oan) n
cc lnh vc, cc ngnh v cc a phng.
4.1.1. Ch tiu thc hin

1) Ch tiu thc hin n nm 2010
- Trn c s cc nghin cu c trong v ngoi nc, u nm 2009 hon
thnh vic xy dng cc kch bn v BKH Vit Nam, c bit l nc bin dng,
trn c s cc b/ngnh v a phng xy dng k hoch hnh ng ca mnh;
- n nm 2010, hon thnh vic cp nht cc kch bn v BKH Vit Nam,
c bit l nc bin dng, cho tng giai on t 2010 n 2100. Cc kch bn c y
c s khoa hc v thc tin v c s thng nht v chp nhn ca cc b, ngnh
v cc a phng;
- Hon thnh vic nh gi mc , tnh cht v xu th bin i ca cc yu t
v hin tng kh hu Vit Nam;
- Hon thnh vic xy dng c s khoa hc, phng php lun v hng dn
nh gi tc ng ca BKH, c bit l nc bin dng n lnh vc, ngnh v a
phng;
- Trin khai th im nh gi tc ng ca BKH, c bit l nc bin dng
i vi mt s lnh vc, ngnh, a phng nhy cm v d b tn thng do BKH
nh: ti nguyn nc, nng nghip, sc khe, sinh k, vng ng bng v di ven
bin.
- Cc kch bn v BKH Vit Nam, c bit l nc bin dng, c tip
tc cp nht;
- Hon thnh vic nh gi tc ng ca BKH, c bit l nc bin dng,
n cc lnh vc, ngnh v a phng.
4.1.2. Cc hot ng chnh

1) nh gi dao ng v bin i kh hu Vit Nam
- Xy dng phng php lun nh gi dao ng v BKH;
24
- nh gi mc dao ng v tnh cht ca cc yu t v hin tng kh hu,

c bit l nhit , lng ma, thin tai v cc hin tng kh hu cc oan;
- nh gi xu th bin i ca cc yu t kh hu: nhit , lng ma, mc
nc bin, thin tai (bo, l lt, hn hn,).
2) Xy dng cc kch bn bin i kh hu cho Vit Nam
- Xy dng cc kch bn BKH, c bit l nc bin dng, cho cc vng
theo tng giai on t 2010 n 2100 da trn cc kch bn pht thi KNK ton cu v
khu vc.
3) nh gi tc ng ca bin i kh hu n cc lnh vc, cc ngnh, v cc a
phng
Trn c s s liu quan trc trong nhng thp nin gn y v cc kch bn
BKH c xy dng v la chn, nh gi tc ng trc mt v lu di ca
BKH, c bit l nc bin dng, n cc lnh vc, cc ngnh v cc a phng,
c bit l cc lnh vc v a phng nhy cm v d b tn thng do tc ng ca
BKH.
- nh gi tc ng ca BKH, c bit l nc bin dng, n cc iu kin
t nhin v ti nguyn thin nhin (ti nguyn nc, ti nguyn t, ti nguyn sinh
vt, cc h sinh thi t nhin, a dng sinh hc,);
- nh gi tc ng ca BKH, c bit l nc bin dng, n cc lnh vc
v cc ngnh (Nng nghip, Lm nghip, Thy sn, Nng lng, Xy dng, Cng
nghip, Giao thng vn ti, Y t v sc khe, Sinh k, Du lch);
- nh gi tc ng ca BKH, c bit l nc bin dng, i vi cc khu
vc (ng bng Nam B, ng bng Bc B, di ven bin v hi o, vng ni v cao
nguyn, th v khu cng nghip);
- Xc nh cc lnh vc, cc khu vc d b tn thng nht do tc ng ca
BKH;
- nh gi cc c hi ca Vit Nam trong ng ph vi BKH.
BKH c tc ng tiu cc n pht trin KT-XH, nhng cng l c hi cho
vic pht trin cng ngh thn thin vi mi trng. ng ph vi BKH cng to ra
nhng c hi kinh doanh vi cc th trng mi v cng ngh nng lng, hng ha;
dch v tiu th t cc bon s c m ra. S bin i cng ngh nng lng v c cu
ca nn kinh t to ra c hi thun li phn lp tng trng vi pht thi. i vi
mt nc ang pht trin nh Vit Nam th c hi s dng Qu a phng ng ph
vi BKH v cc ngun vn ng ph khc ca cc nc, c hi v CDM cng cn
c xem xt.
4.2.
Xc nh cc gii php ng ph vi bin i kh hu
Trn c s kt qu nh gi tc ng ca BKH v kh nng tn thng do

BKH i vi cc lnh vc/ngnh v a phng, xy dng v la chn cc gii php
ng ph vi BKH.

25
- Hon thnh vic xy dng c s phng php lun v cc hng dn xc

nh cc gii php ng ph vi BKH;
- Thc hin mt s d n th im v ng ph vi BKH i vi cc lnh vc,
ngnh v a phng nhy cm v d b tn thng do BKH v nc bin dng.
- Hon thnh vic xy dng cc gii php ng ph vi BKH i vi cc lnh
vc, ngnh v a phng;
- Cc gii php ng ph c la chn i vi cc lnh vc, ngnh v a
phng theo k hoch hnh ng c bc u trin khai.

- Nghin cu xy dng c s phng php lun v hng dn xc nh cc
gii php ng ph;
- Xc nh cc gii php ng ph vi BKH i vi cc lnh vc, ngnh v
a phng;
- nh gi hiu qu v kinh t, x hi v mi trng ca cc gii php c
xc nh;
- La chn cc gii php u tin i vi tng lnh vc, ngnh v a phng
theo cc tiu ch xc nh;
- Xy dng v trin khai mt s d n th im ng ph vi BKH i vi cc
lnh vc, ngnh v a phng nhy cm v d b tn thng do BKH, c bit l
nc bin dng;
- Trin khai bc u cc gii php ng ph vi BKH i vi cc lnh vc,
ngnh v a phng theo k hoch hnh ng.
4.3.
Xy dng chng trnh khoa hc cng ngh v bin i kh hu
Xy dng v trin khai chng trnh khoa hc cng ngh quc gia nhm cung
cp c s khoa hc cho vic xy dng cc th ch, chnh sch v k hoch hnh ng
ng ph vi BKH; tham gia tch cc vo cc hot ng hp tc quc t v BKH;
nghin cu v trin khai s dng nng lng hiu qu v tit kim; pht trin cng
ngh nng lng sch; tng cng nng lc ng ph vi BKH trong cc b/ngnh.

- Hon thnh vic thit k v xy dng khung c s d liu v BKH;
- Chng trnh khoa hc cng ngh quc gia v BKH c xy dng vi cc
nhim v khoa hc cng ngh c xc nh v bt u trin khai thc hin;
- Xc nh c cc ngun ti chnh trong nc v quc t p ng nhu cu
kinh ph cho cc hot ng khoa hc cng ngh.
- Hon thin v cp nht c s d liu v BKH;
- Chng trnh khoa hc cng ngh quc gia v BKH c trin khai c
26
hiu qu ti cc b/ngnh v a phng;

- Vic nghin cu bn cht, din bin, kch bn v tc ng ca BKH ti
cc lnh vc, khu vc v cc gii php ng ph vi BKH c cp nht v trin
khai c hiu qu, gp phn tng cng nng lc ng ph vi BKH;
- Nng lc KHCN v BKH ca cc b/ngnh v a phng c tng
cng; hot ng KHCN c trin khai c hiu qu;
- Cc ngun ti chnh trong nc v quc t cho cc hot ng khoa hc,
cng ngh v BKH c p ng.

1) Xy dng chng trnh khoa hc cng ngh quc gia
- Xy dng mc tiu v ni dung ca chng trnh KHCN v BKH;
- Xy dng quy ch t chc qun l v hot ng ca chng trnh KHCN v
BKH;
- Xy dng danh mc cc ti KHCN v BKH trong tng giai on, k c
cc nghin cu v c s khoa hc v phng php lun; xc nh mc tiu, ni dung,
sn phm ca tng ti nghin cu;
- T chc tuyn chn v ph duyt cc ti cho cc b, ngnh, a phng.
2) Trin khai chng trnh khoa hc cng ngh quc gia
- Xy dng c s d liu v BKH phc v vic nghin cu, nh gi tc
ng ca BKH v xc nh cc gii php ng ph vi BKH;
- Nghin cu hin tng, bn cht khoa hc v nhng iu cha bit r v
BKH; cc tc ng ca BKH n KT-XH, mi trng; phn tch v nh gi kha
cnh kinh t ca cc hot ng thch ng vi BKH;
- Nghin cu pht trin/nghin cu ng dng cng ngh ng ph vi BKH;
- Chuyn giao cng ngh ng ph vi BKH cho cc ngnh, a phng
ng dng khi trin khai k hoch hnh ng ng ph vi BKH;
- Trin khai cc ti, n HTQT v BKH, nhn chuyn giao v ng
dng cc cng ngh thn thin vi kh hu.
3) Pht trin ngun lc khoa hc cng ngh v BKH
- Cng c v hon thin t chc KHCN cc ngnh v cc cp v BKH;
- o to ngun nhn lc, tng cng c s vt cht phc v cc hot ng
KHCN v BKH cc cp, cc ngnh.
4) Huy ng ngun ti chnh cho chng trnh khoa hc cng ngh quc gia v bin
i kh hu
- Huy ng v s dng hiu qu cc ngun vn cho nghin cu KHCN v o
to v BKH;
- Xy dng chnh sch v c ch khuyn khch, ch ti khen thng/x pht
cho cc doanh nghip, cc t chc v c nhn tng cng/cn tr u t nghin cu
khoa hc v BKH trong cc lnh vc lin quan;
27
- S dng cc ngun kinh ph v chuyn giao cng ngh t cc hot ng hp

tc song phng, a phng, t cc chnh ph, cc t chc quc t mt cch hiu qu.
4.4.
Tng cng nng lc t chc, th ch, chnh sch v bin i kh hu
R sot h thng php lut, chnh sch hin hnh, nh gi mc quan tm

n yu t BKH trong cc vn bn php lut v chnh sch ca Nh nc, t xc
nh nhng vn bn cn ban hnh, cn sa i b sung v nhng ni dung cn b sung
nng cao trch nhim ca cc ngnh, cc cp. Xy dng, b sung, hon chnh h
thng vn bn qui phm php lut lin quan n ng ph vi BKH v cc c ch
chnh sch khc c lin quan; m bo cc c s php l trin khai cc hot ng,
ch trng cc nh ch tch hp yu t BKH vo cc chin lc, quy hoch v k
hoch pht trin KT-XH, pht trin ngnh v a phng. Xy dng c ch khuyn
khch vic phi hp thc hin Chng trnh trn ton quc, cc vng lnh th, cc
ngnh v cc thnh phn kinh t; hon thin v nng cao hiu qu hot ng ca b
my t chc qun l lin quan ti BKH t trung ng ti a phng.

1) Ch tiu thc hin n 2010
- Hon tt vic r sot h thng php lut, chnh sch hin hnh, nh gi c
mc quan tm n yu t BKH trong cc vn bn php lut v chnh sch ca
Nh nc;
- Xc nh c nhng vn bn cn ban hnh, cn sa i b sung v nhng
ni dung cn b sung nng cao trch nhim ca cc ngnh, cc cp;
- B khung vn bn quy phm php lut v c ch, chnh sch ng ph vi
BKH v c bn c xy dng;
- C ch phi hp gia cc b/ngnh, a phng v b my qun l thc hin
Chng trnh c xy dng v ban hnh. V c bn, tt c cc a phng, cc b
qun l cc lnh vc, ngnh nhy cm v d b tn thng do BKH tham gia trin
khai thc hin c ch ny.
- B khung vn bn quy phm php lut v c ch, chnh sch v c bn c
ban hnh v cp nht;
- Cc c ch, chnh sch u tin v ng ph vi BKH c th hin v lng
ghp trong cc chin lc v chnh sch pht trin KT-XH, phng chng thin tai, s
dng hp l ti nguyn thin nhin v bo v mi trng ca quc gia;
- C ch phi hp gia cc b/ngnh, a phng v b my qun l thc hin
Chng trnh c trin khai v cp nht mt cch ton din. V c bn, tt c cc
b/ngnh trung ng v a phng tham gia trin khai thc hin c ch ny;
- Huy ng c nhiu ngnh, nhiu thnh phn tham gia thc hin Chng
trnh.

- Xy dng v pht trin chnh sch cc lnh vc KT-XH (xa i, gim
ngho, bnh ng gii, chnh sch dn tc). R sot cc chnh sch hin c v b
sung cp nht cc chnh sch mi ph hp vi cc nhu cu v u tin trong pht trin
28
bn vng;
- Xy dng v hon chnh h thng chnh sch v vn bn quy phm php lut
v BKH cc cp, cc ngnh; ch trng cc nh ch lng ghp vic ng ph vi
BKH vo cc chin lc, quy hoch v k hoch pht trin KT-XH, pht trin
ngnh;
- Pht trin khung php l v c ch qun l nhm to mi trng thun li,
khuyn khch vai tr v trch nhim ca cc cp chnh quyn, cng nh ca khi t
nhn trong thch ng v gim nh BKH;
- Xy dng c ch phi hp thc hin Chng trnh trn ton quc, cc vng
lnh th, a phng v trong cc ngnh; c ch phi hp da trn cc nguyn tc
sau:
+ C s phn cng nhim v minh bch, r rng gia cc b, ngnh v cc
cp;
+ Pht huy ti a s tham gia ca doanh nghip, cng ng;
+ C s lng ghp hp l vic ng ph vi BKH ca Chng trnh vo
cc chin lc, quy hoch v k hoch pht trin KT-XH, pht trin cc ngnh v cc
a phng, c trong quy nh php lut, c ch chnh sch, t chc v trin khai thc
hin;
4.5.
Nng cao nhn thc v pht trin ngun nhn lc
Tng cng cng tc tuyn truyn, gio dc nng cao nhn thc v trch
nhim cho ton x hi v BKH; tng cng s phi hp gia cc b, ngnh trong
vic hoch nh chnh sch v c ch iu phi, s tham gia rng ri ca cc doanh
nghip v cng ng trong thc hin cc hot ng ng ph vi BKH. y mnh
cng tc o to ngun nhn lc, nht l ngun nhn lc cht lng cao p ng yu
cu ca Chng trnh qua tng giai on.

- K hoch nng cao nhn thc v c bn c xy dng v bt u trin khai
ti cc a phng, cc b qun l cc lnh vc, ngnh nhy cm v d b tn thng
do BKH gy ra;
- K hoch nng cao nhn thc trong h thng gio dc, o to bt u c
trin khai; ti liu v phng tin phc v nng cao nhn thc c xy dng v ph
cp;
- K hoch pht trin ngun nhn lc c hon thnh v trin khai ti cc a
phng, b qun l cc lnh vc, ngnh nhy cm v d b tn thng do BKH gy
ra;
- Trn 10% cng ng dn c, trn 65% cng chc/vin chc nh nc c
hiu bit c bn v BKH v cc tc ng ca n.
- K hoch nng cao nhn thc v BKH c tng bc trin khai c hiu
qu ti cp trung ng v a phng;
29
- Ti liu v phng tin phc v nng cao nhn thc c hon thin, cp
nht v ph cp rng ri;
- K hoch nng cao nhn thc, pht trin ngun nhn lc c trin khai
trong h thng gio dc, o to cc cp;
- Trn 80% cng ng dn c, 100% cng chc/vin chc nh nc c hiu
bit c bn v BKH v cc tc ng ca n.

1) Nng cao nhn thc
y mnh cng tc thng tin, tuyn truyn, gio dc nng cao nhn thc cho
mi cp, mi ngnh, mi t chc, c nhn. Cc hot ng s c tin hnh theo hai
hng: (i) Ph cp nhng kin thc chung v BKH cho cng ng v (ii) Cung cp
h thng nhng kin thc su hn cho cc nhm i tng chn lc.
Cc hot ng c th:
- Xy dng chin lc v k hoch gio dc nng cao nhn thc v truyn
thng v BKH;
- Xy dng n tng th nng cao nhn thc v BKH cho cc nhm i
tng chn lc (bao gm c cc cn b qun l cc cp);
- Xy dng n thit lp mng li tuyn truyn vin v hon thin c ch
duy tr hot ng thng xuyn ca mng li n cp phng/x;
- Xy dng n tng th lng ghp cc ni dung ng ph vi BKH trong
chng trnh gio dc ph thng v i hc;
- Xy dng cc chng trnh cho cc kho o to, cho tng loi i tng c
th; o to v chuyn giao cng ngh, bao gm bin son ti liu tuyn truyn, gio
dc v o to c lin quan; s dng cc phng tin truyn thng nh sch, bo, tp
ch, pht thanh, truyn hnh ph bin kin thc v BKH;
- Gii thiu cc hnh vi/tc phong sinh hot pht trin bn vng cho ngi
dn (tit kim in, nc; phn loi, gim thiu v ti s dng rc thi;);
- Khuyn khch v to c ch thun li cho cc nh khoa hc, cc doanh
nghip v cng ng tham gia vo cc hot ng trong lnh vc BKH.
2) Pht trin ngun nhn lc
Cc hot ng pht trin ngun nhn lc cn c tin hnh tt c cc
ngnh, cc cp t trung ng ti a phng. Ni dung pht trin ngun nhn lc cho
ng ph vi BKH bao gm cc hot ng sau:
- nh gi nhu cu o to cho tng giai on, tng ngnh, tng cp;
- nh gi tim lc ca cc c s o to hin c trong nc;
- Xc nh nhng lnh vc chuyn ngnh cn o to lin quan ti BKH,
bao gm cc lnh vc ca nghin cu c bn v BKH, phn tch chnh sch v gim
nh v thch ng vi BKH, h thng thng tin v qun l cc d n;
- Xy dng chin lc v k hoch o to ngun nhn lc trong nc v
nc ngoi; tng cng o to nhn lc chuyn su nghin cu KHCN v BKH;
30
- Xy dng chng trnh, gio trnh, quy trnh o to cho cc kho bi

dng chuyn mn nghip v do Chng trnh t chc;
- Xy dng c ch thu ht nhn ti v to iu kin cc nh khoa hc tr
pht trin;
- Khuyn khch cc nh khoa hc trong nc tham gia cc chng trnh
nghin cu KHCN quc t trong lnh vc BKH ton cu v nm gi cc v tr trong
cc t chc nghin cu KHCN quc t.
4.6.
Tng cng hp tc quc t
Tng cng hp tc quc t nhm gp phn gii quyt hai yu cu chnh l: (1)
Tranh th khai thc, tip nhn v s dng hiu qu cc ngun ti tr ca quc t, bao
gm cung cp ti chnh, chuyn giao cng ngh mi thng qua cc knh hp tc song
phng, khu vc v a phng v (2) Tham gia cc hot ng hp tc khu vc v ton
cu v BKH.

- C ch hp tc gia Vit Nam v cc nh ti tr quc t nhm phi hp thc
hin cc ni dung ca Chng trnh c xy dng;
- Quan h hp tc a phng v song phng v ng ph vi BKH gia
Vit Nam vi mt s nc v t chc quc t c thit lp;
- Vin tr ban u (cung cp ti chnh, chuyn giao cng ngh, kinh nghim)
ca quc t cho Vit Nam thc hin cc ni dung ca Chng trnh c xc nh s
b;
- C ng gp vo qu trnh xy dng cc tha thun, vn bn quc t v
BKH sau nm 2012;
- B khung vn bn quy phm php lut v c ch, chnh sch nhm khuyn
khch u t vo cc d n C ch pht trin sch v cc d n ng ph vi BKH,
chuyn giao cng ngh thn thin vi kh hu, mi trng c b sung v hon thin
nhm to iu kin cho cc i tc nc ngoi u t vo cc d n ny ti Vit Nam.
- C ch hp tc gia Vit Nam v cc nh ti tr quc t nhm phi hp thc
hin cc ni dung ca Chng trnh c hon thin v trin khai ton din;
- Quan h hp tc a phng v song phng v ng ph vi BKH gia
Vit Nam vi cc nc v t chc quc t c tip tc m rng;
- Ku gi, khuyn khch c nhiu nc, t chc quc t h tr Vit Nam
thc hin Chng trnh. Vin tr ca quc t dnh cho Vit Nam thc hin cc ni
dung ca Chng trnh t khong 50% tng kinh ph thc hin Chng trnh. l
c s quan trng cho vic cn i v huy ng cc ngun lc thc hin Chng trnh;
- Vin tr ca quc t cho Vit Nam thc hin Chng trnh pht huy c
hiu qu tt v phc v ng cc mc tiu, ni dung ca Chng trnh;
- Trnh , nng lc nghip v trong m phn quc t v BKH ca i ng
cn b Vit Nam p ng c yu cu ra;
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- Vic xy dng v thc hin cc d n CDM ti Vit Nam c trin khai

rng ri trong cc lnh vc c tim nng.

- Thnh lp Nhm cng tc chuyn v h tr Vit Nam ng ph vi BKH
trong cng ng cc nh ti tr quc t cp quc gia, b, ngnh v a phng;
- Thit lp c ch hp tc cht ch, r rng, minh bch v nng ng gia cc
b, ngnh, t chc, a phng ca Vit Nam v cc nh ti tr, i tc quc t nhm
to iu kin thun li cho vic thc hin hiu qu Chng trnh;
- m phn, k kt vn bn tha thun hp tc a phng v hp tc song
phng v ng ph vi BKH gia cc b, ngnh, a phng vi cc nc v cc t
chc quc t, c bit trong khun kh hp tc APEC, ASEAN, Tiu vng M Cng
m rng v y Hi M Cng, nhm khuyn khch u t ca quc t vo cc d n
ng ph vi BKH, chuyn giao cng ngh thn thin vi kh hu, mi trng, k c
cc d n CDM ti Vit Nam;
- Xy dng, hon thin c ch, chnh sch qun l v s dng hiu qu ngun
vn ti tr ca quc t phc v thc hin Chng trnh;
- Lp k hoch khc thc, s dng ngun vn vin tr t cc Qu a phng,
Qu thch ng vi BKH ca cc t chc quc t v vin tr song phng ca cc
nc pht trin;
- Tham gia cc hi ngh, hi tho, tho lun m phn quc t xy dng cc
tha thun, vn bn quc t v BKH sau nm 2012 theo l trnh Bali;
- Tham gia cc chng trnh nghin cu KHCN quc t trong lnh vc BKH,
trao i thng tin, kinh nghim lin quan n BKH vi cc nc, cc t chc quc
t;
- Pht trin ngun nhn lc, nng cao trnh nghip v v k nng m phn
quc t cho i ng cn b ca cc b, ngnh, ia phng lm vic trong lnh vc
BKH thng qua cc kha hun luyn trong v ngoi nc.
4.7. Tch hp yu t bin i kh hu vo cc chin lc, quy hoch v k
hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi, pht trin ngnh v a phng
Tch hp yu t BKH vo cc chin lc, quy hoch v k hoch pht trin
KT-XH (sau y gi tt l K hoch pht trin) l hot ng iu chnh, b sung K
hoch pht trin , bao gm ch trng, chnh sch, c ch, t chc c lin quan n
vic thc hin K hoch pht trin, cc nhim v v sn phm ca k hoch cng nh
cc phng tin, iu kin thc hin K hoch pht trin cho ph hp vi xu th
BKH, cc hin tng kh hu cc oan v nhng tc ng trc mt v lu di ca
chng i vi K hoch pht trin.
Vi nhng tc ng ca BKH, vic tch hp yu t BKH vo K hoch pht
trin l s r sot, iu chnh v b sung cc K hoch pht trin c hoc s c
ban hnh c tnh n cc tc ng ca BKH v cc bin php ng ph tng ng.
Lng ghp vic ng ph vi BKH vo cc K hoch pht trin l trin khai su rng
ch trng, ng li ca ng, nh nc, l s th hin trch nhim khng nhng
ca cc b, ngnh, a phng m c cc doanh nghip v c cng ng x hi ng
ph vi BKH.
32
Vic tch hp cn c tin hnh mt cch ton din v c ba mt: th ch, t

chc v hot ng, t xc nh cc ch hng v nhu cu ca cc chng trnh,
chnh sch hin ti lin quan ti con ngi v cc lnh vc KT-XH iu chnh v b
sung.
Vic tch hp yu t BKH vo cc K hoch pht trin c xy dng,
ang thc hin hoc s c xy dng v thc hin nhm mc ch bo m tnh hiu
qu v bn vng ca cc K hoch pht trin, phng nga nhng ri ro c th xy ra
i vi cc k hoch do tc ng ca nhng hin tng kh hu cc oan v xu th
BKH di hn, hoc nhng hu qu cha lng ht c v mi trng v x hi do
vic thc hin cc k hoch gy ra.

- Hon thnh nh gi tc ng ca BKH, c bit l nc bin dng, i vi
cc K hoch pht trin;
- Hon thnh tng hp, phn loi cc gii php ng ph i vi tng K hoch
pht trin;
- Xy dng v ban hnh cc vn bn php quy, ti liu hng dn tch hp yu
t BKH vo cc K hoch pht trin ng b c v th ch, chnh sch, t chc thc
hin; trin khai thc hin vic tch hp yu t BKH theo cc quy nh c ban
hnh.
- C ch tch hp yu t BKH vo cc K hoch pht trin c trin khai
rng ri v hiu qu;
- Hon thnh vic tch hp yu t BKH vo ton b cc K hoch pht trin
ngnh, a phng ang thc hin v s thc hin trong giai on 2010 - 2020;
- Hon thnh vic nh gi kt qu tch hp vo cc K hoch pht trin giai
on 2010 - 2015.

Vic tch hp c thc hin qua cc bc sau y (chi tit xem Ph lc I):
- Xc nh ch tiu ca qu trnh tch hp;
- nh gi tc ng ca BKH n cc K hoch pht trin ngnh v a
phng;
- nh gi qu trnh thc hin cc K hoch pht trin ngnh v a phng;
- nh gi nhn thc v nng lc nhm thc hin qu trnh tch hp;
- nh gi cc tc ng ca qu trnh tch hp (tch cc v tiu cc);
- Xy dng c ch v chin lc tch hp (gm c cc vn v ti chnh,
kinh t v chnh sch);
- Thc hin qu trnh tch hp vo tng K hoch pht trin ngnh v cc a
phng.
Cc hot ng chnh ca tch hp bao gm:
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1) Tch hp BKH vo cc chin lc v k hoch quc gia v pht trin KT-XH

y l chin lc quan trng v c tnh cht quyt nh ca Chnh ph Vit
Nam nhm nh hng pht trin cho tt c cc ngnh, cc a phng trn ton quc
trong thi gian t 5 n 10 nm v tm nhn 20 nm. bo m s ng b gia cc
hot ng ca Chng trnh v cc hp phn ca Chin lc, k hoch Quc gia v
pht trin kinh t - x hi, cn thc hin cc nhim v sau:
a) nh gi cc ri ro, thch thc v c hi c ngun gc t BKH trong qu
trnh xy dng cc ch tiu, k hoch pht trin cho cc ngnh, cc a phng;
b) Cc gii php, hot ng ca Chng trnh cn c coi l cc hp phn
thuc khun kh ca Chin lc Quc gia v pht trin KT-XH v phi c a vo
cc k hoch u tin thc hin trong Chin lc, k hoch Quc gia v pht trin KTXH.
2) Tch hp BKH vo cc chin lc, quy hoch v k hoch pht trin ngnh, a
phng
Tch hp yu t BKH vo cc chin lc, k hoch pht trin ngnh v a
phng nh: Chin lc Quc gia v xa i gim ngho, Chin lc Quc gia v bo
v sc khe cng ng, Chin lc Quc gia v bnh ng gii, Chin lc Quc gia
v bo v mi trng, Chin lc Quc gia v bo v ti nguyn nc, Chin lc
Quc gia v qun l tng hp i b, Chin lc Quc gia v pht trin nng nghip,
Chin lc Quc gia v pht trin lm nghip, Chin lc Quc gia v pht trin thy
sn, Chin lc Quc gia v pht trin giao thng vn ti, Chin lc Quc gia v pht
trin nng lng, Chin lc Quc gia v pht trin h tng k thut, Chin lc Quc
gia v phng, chng v gim nh thin tai v cc quy hoch, k hoch khc ca cc
ngnh, cc a phng.
tch hp yu t BKH vo cc chin lc, k hoch pht trin ngnh v a
phng cn thc hin nhng gii php sau:
a) Tin hnh nhng nghin cu c chiu su nh gi v nguy c, mc cc
tc ng ca BKH n cc ngnh, cc khu vc. Trn c s nhng kt qu nghin cu
ny s nh gi c cc ri ro c ngun gc BKH tc ng n vic hon thnh
mc tiu c t ra ca cc K hoch pht trin, cng nh nh hng ca vic thc
hin cc hot ng ca K hoch pht trin n BKH;
b) Xy dng cc c ch chnh sch v cc vn bn php lut a vic nh gi
tc ng ca BKH tr thnh mt trong nhng yu cu bt buc ca cc K hoch
pht trin.
Trong cc chin lc nu trn, Chin lc quc gia v phng, chng v gim
nh thin tai c lin quan trc tip n cc bin php thch ng vi nhng tc ng cp
bch trc mt ca BKH trong khi Chin lc pht trin nng lng quc gia c
quan h mt thit vi cc hot ng gim nh BKH.
i vi Chin lc quc gia v phng, chng v gim nh thin tai
Thin tai gia tng c v s lng, cng v phm vi nh hng l mt hu
qu trc tip, va l trc mt, va l lu di ca BKH. V vy, vic tch hp yu t
BKH vo Chin lc quc gia phng, chng v gim nh thin tai n nm 2020,
c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt ti Quyt nh s 172/2007/Q-TTg ngy 16
34
thng 11 nm 2007, l mt trong nhng hot ng quan trng s c thc hin trong
thi gian sm nht. y l chin lc quan trng nhm gim n mc thp nht thit
hi v ngi v ti sn, hn ch s ph hoi ti nguyn thin nhin, mi trng v di
sn vn ho gp phn bo m pht trin bn vng ca t nc, bo m an ninh,
quc phng.
Trong iu kin BKH lm gia tng cc thin tai, cc hp phn ca Chin lc
quc gia phng, chng v gim nh thin tai n nm 2020, trc ht trong quan im,
nguyn tc ch o cn tnh n iu kin thin tai ngy cng khc nghit, phc tp
hn v kh d bo hn. Do , cng tc phng, chng v gim nh thin tai ngy cng
kh khn. Mc tiu ca Chin lc quc gia phng, chng v gim nh thin tai n
nm 2020 c th b tc ng bi cc vn sau:
a) Nng lc d bo bo, l, hn hn, xm nhp mn, bo tin ng t, cnh bo
sng thn v cc hin tng kh tng thy vn nguy him c nng cao, nhng c
th kh p ng yu cu t ra. Thi gian d bo bo, p thp nhit i trc 72 gi
c thc hin, nhng sai s ln, chi phi cho vic phng trnh s tn km hn hoc
hiu qu thp;
b) Trong iu kin BKH, hn hn thc s tr thnh mt thin tai thng
xuyn, nghim trng, do cn tng cng cng tc d bo, cnh bo, qun l v
gim st hn hn khng km g cc thin tai khc nh bo, l, l qut, chy rng, ng
t, sng thn,... Do vy cn sm a ni dung qun l v gim st hn hn trn phm
vi c nc vo Chin lc quc gia phng, chng v gim nh thin tai;
c) Quy hoch pht trin, quy chun xy dng kt cu h tng kinh t x hi v
khu dn c trong vng thng xuyn b thin tai c th khng ph hp vi tiu chun
phng, chng bo, l, thin tai ca tng vng, do cc tiu chun ny b thay i v cc
vng thin tai c th b dch chuyn do tc ng ca BKH;
d) Khu quy hoch di di (ti nh c) dn c vng thng xuyn xy ra thin
tai khng cn ph hp do BKH;
e) H thng iu cc tnh t H Tnh tr ra c th b tc ng ca mc
nc bin dng, cng nh nhng trn cung phong (bo mnh) do BKH; mc chng
l ca h thng cc vng duyn hi Trung B, Ty Nguyn v ng Nam B c th
b thay i; h thng bin trong c nc bo v dn c, pht trin kinh t bin, bo
m an ninh, quc phng vng ven bin tng bc c cng c, nng cp theo cc
kch bn tc ng ca BKH v nc bin dng theo tng giai on, ph hp vi iu
kin kinh t.
i vi Chin lc pht trin nng lng quc gia:
Trong thi gian ti, lnh vc nng lng s l ngun pht thi kh nh knh ch
yu Vit Nam. Do , cc hot ng ng ph vi BKH trong lnh vc nng lng
ng vai tr quan trng v c tc ng ti Chin lc pht trin nng lng quc gia
ca Vit Nam c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt nm 2008.
BKH c th tc ng tiu cc n mc tiu m bo an ninh nng lng quc
gia; cung cp y vi cht lng cao cho pht trin kinh t - x hi. V vy, cc
hot ng ng ph vi BKH cn c tch hp vo Chin lc pht trin nng lng
quc gia nu trn theo hng sau:
35
a) Phn u tng cao hn na t l cc ngun nng lng mi v ti to (trn

mc 3% tng nng lng thng mi s cp vo nm 2010; trn 5% vo nm 2020 v
trn 11% vo nm 2050). C chnh sch u tin thch hp v thu, c s h tng, tr
gi... cho cc chng trnh, d n pht trin ngun nng lng mi v ti to;
b) Cn c bin php b sung pht trin ngun, li in, m bo p ng
nhu cu in cho pht trin kinh t - x hi trong iu kin nhit trung bnh ma h
c th tng thm t 1-20C;
c) y mnh thc hin Chng trnh s dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu
nng cao t l tit kim nng lng trn mc 3-5% tng mc tiu th nng lng
ton quc cho giai on n nm 2010 v trn mc 5-8% tng mc tiu th nng
lng ton quc cho giai on 2011-2015 (so vi phng n cha tnh n tim nng
tit kim nng lng trong d bo pht trin kinh t-x hi);
Tng cng ng dng cng ngh mi, thn thin vi kh hu thng qua vic
tip nhn chuyn giao cng ngh t cc d n CDM trong lnh vc nng lng nhm
gim pht thi kh nh knh v phc v mc tiu pht trin bn vng.
4.8.
Xy dng cc k hoch hnh ng ng ph vi bin i kh hu
Da trn cc nh gi v din bin kh hu, tc ng v kh nng tn thng

theo cc kch bn BKH c thng nht, cc gii php thch ng vi BKH
c xc nh, cc b/ngnh v cc a phng xy dng k hoch hnh ng ca
mnh ng ph vi BKH thc hin Chng trnh (sau y gi tt l K hoch hnh
ng). Vic xy dng K hoch hnh ng phi c thc hin tng bc theo mt
trnh t nht nh, bo m cht lng, tnh kh thi v hiu qu thc hin.

- B khung vn bn, k hoch hnh ng ng ph vi BKH v c bn c
xy dng cho cc b/ngnh, a phng nhy cm v d b tn thng do BKH gy
ra;
- Cc k hoch hnh ng bt u c trin khai ti cc a phng, cc b
qun l cc lnh vc, ngnh nhy cm v d b tn thng do BKH gy ra.
- K hoch hnh ng thch ng vi BKH v gim nh BKH ca cc
b/ngnh v a phng c trin khai thc hin bc u.

1) Thch ng vi bin i kh hu
Vit Nam c nh gi l mt trong nm nc chu tc ng mnh nht ca
BKH, c bit l nc bin dng. Thch ng vi BKH tr thnh vn bc thit
trc mt v lu di. Cc ni dung hot ng thch ng l trng tm ca Chng trnh.
a) Thch ng vi BKH theo lnh vc
Phn quan trng nht trong Chng trnh l nh hng v chin lc ca Nh
nc v ca cc ngnh, cc a phng thch ng vi BKH, c bit l cc ngnh,
cc a phng nhy cm vi BKH.
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Ti nguyn nc
Chnh sch ch yu thch ng vi BKH l s dng ngun nc khoa hc,
tit kim v hp l, c hiu qu, m bo an ton cung cp nc cho mi nhu cu.
Cc hot ng chnh bao gm:
- Xy dng v hon thin khung cc vn bn php lut ng b vi cc lut v
cc vn bn di lut, sa i v hon thin cc c ch, chnh sch lin
quan;
- Cc b, ngnh lin quan cng c b my qun l, khai thc v s dng ti
nguyn nc cc cp trong iu kin BKH;
- Xy dng chng trnh, k hoch thch ng vi BKH trong lnh vc qun
l, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn nc ti cc ngnh, cc cp;
- Xc nh cc gii php KHCN ph hp nh: quy hoch tng th lu vc
sng, thay i cc tiu chun k thut cc cng trnh khai thc v s dng
nc, cc bin php tit kim v s dng hiu qu ngun nc, duy tr bo
v ngun nc, kim sot nhim nc, thot l, tiu ng, chng xm nhp
mn v gi ngt;
- Nng cao nhn thc ca cng ng v s dng bn vng ti nguyn nc
thch ng vi BKH.
Nng nghip
Hot ng thch ng vi BKH trong nng nghip ch yu l m bo xy
dng nn nng nghip sch, hng ha, a dng, bn vng, tip cn nhanh v p dng
c hiu qu cc thnh tu khoa hc, cng ngh mi, cng ngh cao, c kh nng cnh
tranh trong nc v quc t; xy dng nng thn mi c h tng k thut pht trin,
theo hng hin i, c c cu kinh t nng nghip - cng nghip - dch v hp l;
m bo vic lm, xa i gim ngho, x hi nng thn vn minh, dn ch v
cng bng, mi ngi sng sung tc; m bo an ninh lng thc v pht trin nn
nng nghip sinh thi.
B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn v cc b, ngnh c lin quan cn xy
dng k hoch hnh ng ng ph vi BKH, trong ch nhng ni dung sau:
- Xy dng v hon thin khung cc vn bn php lut ng b vi cc lut v
cc vn bn di lut bo v nn nng nghip hng ha, sch, a dng,
pht trin bn vng;
- Sa i v hon thin cc c ch, chnh sch nhm h tr p dng cc cng
ngh mi, cc gii php khoa hc k thut hin i chuyn i c cu cy
trng, vt nui v bin php k thut canh tc mi ph hp vi BKH;
- Xy dng v trin khai thc hin cc hot ng KHCN thch ng vi BKH
ca ngnh nng nghip;
- Quy hoch s dng t nng nghip, mt nc thy sn hiu qu vi s xem
xt n tc ng trc mt v tc ng tim tng ca BKH m bo nn
sn xut nng nghip hng ha n nh v bn vng;
- Quy hoch khai thc s dng hiu qu ngun nc trn cc h thng thy li
c xt n tc ng ca BKH.
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Y t v sc khe
Thch ng vi BKH trong ngnh Y t l chin lc gim st v kim sot v y
t cc vng v a phng m bo an ton sc khe cho nhn dn trong cc iu
kin BKH v thin tai.
B Y t v cc b, ngnh, a phng cn xy dng k hoch hnh ng ng
ph vi BKH v lin quan ti y t v sc khe cng ng, trong nhng ni dung
cn c ch bao gm:
- Thit lp tiu chun y t v v sinh mi trng cho cc khu vc ng dn,
xy dng v ban hnh cc tiu chun y t v bo v sc khe cho mi hot
ng dn sinh kinh t c tnh n BKH;
- Kim dch cht ch ti bin gii, ca khu nhm ngn chn s ly nhim;
- Tng cng p dng cc gii php v cng ngh, trang thit b, h thng
kim sot bnh tt pht sinh, pht trin, ly lan trong iu kin BKH, nht
l sau thin tai;
- Xy dng v thc hin k hoch gio dc cng ng nhm nng cao hiu
bit, nhn thc v sc khe mi trng do tc ng ca BKH.
Cc lnh vc khc
Cc b, ngnh cn xy dng k hoch hnh ng ng ph vi BKH ca
ngnh, trong cc ni dung quan trng cn c ch bao gm:
- Xy dng k hoch hnh ng ng ph trn c s r sot li cc hot ng
ca ngnh v iu chnh cc lut, quy phm, quy ch, quy tc iu chnh hot
ng ca ngnh ph hp vi iu kin c BKH;
- Xy dng k hoch p dng cc cng ngh tin tin c kh nng thch ng
cao vi BKH nhm bo v s pht trin an ton v bn vng ca cc ngnh
kinh t;
- Xy dng v thc hin k hoch nng cao nhn thc cho cng ng v
BKH thuc lnh vc qun l.
b) Thch ng vi BKH theo vng v a phng
BKH tc ng n tt c cc vng, min v a phng trong c nc nhng
vi mc khc nhau ty thuc vo v tr a l, iu kin t nhin, KT-XH, v cc
hot ng ng ph vi BKH. V vy, xy dng k hoch ng ph vi BKH cho
mi vng, min v a phng c nhng c th ring. Mt s vng, min v a
phng d b tn thng cn phi sm xy dng v nhanh chng trin khai K hoch
hnh ng ng ph mt cch hiu qu.
Di ven bin
Phng chm c bn v tng qut cho di ven bin l bo m qun l tng
hp v php trin bn vng, m bo an ninh lng thc, an ton cho nhn dn v cc
gi tr vn ha trong iu kin phi gnh chu tc ng nghim trng ca BKH v
nc bin dng. B K hoch v u t, B Quc phng phi hp vi cc b/ngnh,
a phng c di ven b sm xy dng K hoch hnh ng nhm thch ng vi
BKH, phng trnh thin tai, cu h cu nn vi cc hot ng sau y:
38
Xy dng phng n phng chng bo, l, cu h cu nn m bo an ton

cho nhn dn, thc hin qun l tng hp di ven bin theo cch tip cn
da vo cng ng;
Ci to h tng k thut v chuyn i c cu kinh t, tp qun sn xut sinh

hot ca dn c ven bin thch ng vi mc nc bin dng;
Tnh ton chi ph v th im ti nh c, di di nh ca, h tng k thut ra

khi nhng vng c nguy c b e da cao. Quy hoch xy dng v nng
cp h thng bin v vng ca sng v cc khu vc cn thit m bo
ngn mn, gi ngt, thot l, tiu ng v m bo an ton cho ngi dn;
thit lp h thng cnh bo sm l lt v thin tai;
Tng cng cc nghin cu v cu trc v chc nng ca cc h sinh thi

ven bin nh h sinh thi t ngp nc, rng ngp mn, rn san h, c
bin... v nhng tc ng ca BKH n kh nng thch ng ca cc h
sinh thi.
Vng ng bng Bc b v Nam b

i vi hai vng ng bng quan trng ny, y ban nhn dn cc tnh trong
vng phi hp vi B K hoch v u t, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, B Nng
nghip v Pht trin Nng thn v cc b, ngnh lin quan xy dng chin lc thch
ng vi BKH cho cc tnh mt cch thit thc vi cc ni dung:
-
Tng kt kinh nghim phng trnh thin tai, xy dng cc hng dn p

dng thnh tu khoa hc cng ngh thch ng c vi BKH v tch hp
yu t BKH vo cc k hoch pht trin ca cc vng;
Nghin cu xy dng k hoch nng cp h thng bin, vng ca

sng, bao quanh cc khu vc dn c trn vng t thp, tng kh nng
sng chung vi l lt v s dng ln t t ca mc nc bin, m bo an
ninh lng thc cho c nc.
Vng ni v cao nguyn

y ban nhn dn cc tnh trong vng phi hp vi B K hoch v u t, B
Ti nguyn v Mi trng, B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn v cc b/ngnh
lin quan xy dng chin lc thch ng vi BKH cho cc tnh trong khu vc nh:
- Xy dng v thc hin chin lc bo v a dng sinh hc, ngn nga v
hn ch tc ng ca cc hin tng kh hu cc oan do BKH gy ra;
- Bo v, duy tr v pht trin thm thc vt khu vc u ngun, khu vc ni
cao, khu vc c tnh phng h vng v cc b;
- Tng cng cng tc truyn thng trong ng bo cc dn tc, n nh i
sng ca ng bo cc dn tc gn vi rng;
- Tng cng nng, lm kt hp, khai thc hp l nht ngun ti nguyn t
theo hng sn xut hng ha, tng bc khc phc tnh trng t cung, t
cp;
- Pht trin thy li, m bo nc cho sinh hot, ti tiu, pht trin trng
trt v cc mc ch khc.
2) Gim nh BKH
39
p ng cc nhu cu pht trin kinh t-x hi, Vit Nam s tip tc khai
thc, s dng nhin liu ha thch v h qu l s tng lng pht thi KNK. Tuy
nhin, thy r nguy c tim tng ca BKH v thc vai tr ca mt Bn khng
thuc Ph lc I tham gia Cng c Kh hu, Vit Nam vi iu kin v kh nng c
th, s xy dng v thc hin cc gii php gim nh mc pht thi KNK. Gim
nh pht thi KNK bao gm: (i) S dng cc cng ngh c mc pht thi thp hn so
vi hin nay trong cc hot ng KT-XH v (ii) C nhng chnh sch v cc bin php
qun l thc hin mc tiu tng cng b hp th kh nh knh. Vit Nam s thc
hin c hiu qu vic gim nh pht thi KNK nu c s h tr y v vn v
chuyn giao cng ngh t cc nc pht trin v cc ngun ti tr quc t khc.
Lnh vc Nng lng
Chin lc ca ngnh Nng lng l bo m cung ng nng lng cho pht
trin KT-XH v dn sinh, trc ht l cho cng nghip ha, hin i ha, trn c s
pht trin khai thc a ngun cc dng nng lng s cp ni a. S dng c hiu qu
v hp l cc dng nng lng trn c s mt h thng chnh sch qun l nhu cu
nng lng. Gim cc tc ng mi trng ca ngnh nng lng m bo s pht
trin bn vng ca nn kinh t.
Vic gim nh pht thi KNK trong ngnh Nng lng s c thc hin trong
khun kh cc chng trnh, k hoch v chin lc pht trin nng lng ng thi l
mt b phn ca Chng trnh, th hin qua cc ni dung sau y:
-
S dng hiu qu v tit kim nng lng trong iu kin BKH;
S dng hiu qu v hp l cc ngun ti nguyn nng lng, pht trin v

khai thc ti a thu in v kh;
Pht trin cc dng nng lng mi: a nhit, nng lng mt tri, nng
lng gi, nng lng ht nhn;
Xc nh cc tiu chun kh thi, nh gi li ch, chi ph mi trng cc d

n nng lng.
B Cng Thng, Tp on in lc Vit Nam phi hp vi cc ngnh xy

dng k hoch hnh ng ca ngnh Nng lng, bao gm cc hot ng t tng
cng th ch n p dng cc gii php, chnh sch, khoa hc, cng ngh, nng cao
nhn thc nhm gim nh pht thi kh nh knh.
Lnh vc Nng nghip, Lm nghip v thay i s dng t
Phi hp cc chng trnh ca ngnh Nng - Lm nghip, chng trnh bo v,
bo tn din tch rng hin c, chng trnh trng rng mi... nhm gp phn thc y
thc hin cc chng trnh bo tn v tng cng cc b hp th KNK nc ta.
m bo bo v, pht trin v s dng bn vng 16,24 triu ha t c quy hoch
cho lm nghip. Tng t l t c rng che ph t 37% ca nm 2005 ln 42,6% vo
nm 2010 v 47% vo nm 2015.
B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn phi hp vi cc b, ngnh v cc a
phng xy dng k hoch hnh ng ca ngnh nhm gim nh pht thi kh nh
knh, bo v rng, bo v h thng hp th kh nh knh thng qua cc hot ng chnh
sau:
40
- Xy dng chng trnh s dng c hiu qu din tch t trng, i ni trc

to vic lm cho ngi lao ng, xo i, gim ngho, nh canh, nh c;
- xut cc chnh sch khuyn khch s dng cc vt liu thay th trong cc
chng trnh ca ngnh Lm nghip;
- Xy dng k hoch tham gia cc chng trnh x hi ho lm nghip, chng
trnh nh canh, nh c;
- Xy dng chng trnh thc hin cc bin php qun l ti tiu rung trng
la; chuyn i c cu cy trng, xc nh thi v hp l;
- Pht trin chn nui, gn cht vi pht trin cng nghip ch bin thc n gia
sc, ng thi x l phn thi sc vt (dng kh sinh hc).
Lnh vc x l cht thi
Qun l v x l cht thi l mt trong nhng u tin bo v mi trng, gp

phn gim nh pht thi KNK trong chin lc gim nh BKH. Cc bin php c
u tin chnh l:
- Xy dng k hoch p dng cc cng ngh tin tin trong x l rc hu c
lm phn bn, gim chn hn ch nhng tc ng xu n mi trng
v hn ch pht thi kh mtan;
- Thc hin cc bin php thu hi trit kh mtan t cc bi rc c lm
nhin liu.
Tip tc xy dng v thc hin cc d n C ch pht trin sch (CDM)
CDM l mt c ch trong Ngh nh th Kyoto nhm gip cc nc ang pht
trin (trong c Vit Nam) t c mc tiu pht trin bn vng v ng gp vo
n lc chung ca ton cu gim pht thi kh nh knh.
Cho n nay, Vit Nam mi c hai d n CDM c chp nhn cho thc hin.
Tuy nhin, tim nng xy dng v thc hin d n CDM Vit Nam cn kh ln v
thuc nhiu ngnh, lnh vc kinh t, trong ch yu l nng lng, bao gm c sn
xut v tiu th, giao thng vn ti, x l cht thi, lm nghip.
Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh mt s vn bn quy phm php lut, trong
c ni dung lin quan n xy dng v thc hin cc d n CDM:
1. Ch th s 35/2005/CT-TTg, ngy 17 thng 10 nm 2005, v vic t chc
thc hin Ngh nh th Kyoto thuc Cng c khung ca Lin hp quc v BKH;
2. Quyt nh s 47/2007/Q-TTg, ngy 06 thng 4 nm 2007 v vic ph
duyt K hoch t chc thc hin Ngh nh th Kyoto thuc Cng c khung ca
Lin hp quc v BKH giai on 2007 2010, trong c quy nh cc B, c quan
ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph trong phm vi chc nng, nhim v v quyn hn
c giao c trch nhim xy dng d n CDM trnh cp c thm quyn ph duyt.
y ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng, theo hng dn ca B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng v ca cc B c lin quan ch o, to iu kin cc c
quan, t chc, doanh nghip xy dng d n CDM thuc thm quyn qun l ca a
phng trnh cp c thm quyn ph duyt.
3. Quyt nh s 130/2007/Q-TTg, ngy 02 thng 8 nm 2007 v mt s c
ch, chnh sch ti chnh i vi d n u t theo c ch pht trin sch.
41
B Ti nguyn v Mi trng c Thng t s 10/2006/TT-BTNMT, ngy 12

thng 12 nm 2006 hng dn xy dng d n CDM.
y l c s cc B, ngnh, a phng y mnh hn na vic xy dng
v thc hin d n CDM.
D kin Khung xy dng K hoch hnh ng v Khung ca k hoch hnh
ng ng ph vi BKH ca cc b/ngnh v a phng c trnh by trong Ph
lc II.
thc hin cc nhim v ch yu trn y ca Chng trnh, danh mc cc
d n c xut v lit k trong Ph lc III.
V.
HIU QU CA CHNG TRNH
5.1.
Hiu qu v kinh t, x hi v mi trng
5.1.1. Hiu qu v kinh t

1) Tng cng nng lc cho cc ngnh, cc a phng, cc cng ng dn c,
ch ng thch ng vi BKH v hn ch thit hi kinh t do BKH gy ra;
2) Khi thc hin Chng trnh, cc ngnh, cc a phng c c hi nng cao
c trnh cng ngh, nng cao hiu qu kinh t cho cc hot ng ca ngnh, ca
a phng v ca tng ngi dn;
3) Hn ch nhng tc ng xu n sc khe, ly lan bnh tt, t s gim chi
ph cho cng tc phng v cha tr bnh tt;
4) Tit kim ng k chi ph khc phc hu qu cc tc ng ca BKH n
cc cng trnh kin trc, vn ho, cuc sng ca nhn dn v cc gi tr khc ca t
nc.
5.1.2. Hiu qu v x hi
1) Gp phn nng cao cht lng sng, an ninh v an ton cho ngi dn;
2) Cng bng x hi c nng cao do c chnh sch u tin u t cho cc
vng ngho d b tn thng nh vng nng thn min ni, vng dn tc BSCL,
v.v. v cc chng trnh dnh cho cc nhm i tng u tin nh ngi ngho, ngi
dn tc thiu s, ph n, tr em;
3) An ninh x hi cho cc cng ng c bo m, c bit nhng ni c di
dn sinh sng. To c cuc sng thch hp v an ton mi vng, mi ni cho
ngi dn gp phn hn ch s di dn bt c d;
4) Xy dng np sng vn minh, c thc sn sng ng ph, tng thn, tng
i, hp tc phng nga, khc phc kh khn v hu qu ca BKH.
5.1.3. Hiu qu v mi trng

1) Thc hin Chng trnh s gp phn cng cng ng quc t bo v h
thng kh hu tri t, gim nh BKH, gim nh cc tc hi do BKH gy ra;
2) Kim sot c tc tng pht thi KNK, gim nh tc ng ca BKH
n mi trng sng ca con ngi nh: gim thiu nhim khng kh, nhim nc
mt v nc ngm, sn xut nng nghip an ton v sn xut cng nghip sch hn,
gim kh nng ly lan bnh tt v nhim sau thin tai.
42
3) Gim nh tc ng ca BKH n cc h sinh thi, duy tr v bo tn cc

sn phm v dch v mi trng ca h sinh thi, c bit cc khu rng u ngun
phng h v rng ngp mn ven b; gim thiu c cc thm ha mi trng sau
thin tai.
5.2.
Hiu qu lng ghp vi cc chng trnh khc
1) Thc hin tt Chng trnh s to iu kin v c hi cho cc chng trnh

ca cc ngnh nng nghip, thy li, thy sn, cng nghip, nng lng, giao thng,
xy dng, khoa hc cng ngh nng cao c trnh cng ngh, hiu qu kinh t.
Cc ngnh, cc chng trnh y t, gio dc o to, thc hin tt cc mc tiu,
nhim v ra;
2) Cc chng trnh, k hoch pht trin KT-XH n nh v bn vng hn,
gim bt ri ro do BKH.
43
VI.
T CHC THC HIN
6.1. Hon thin h thng t chc qun l

Xy dng v kin ton h thng t chc qun l Chng trnh t trung ng ti
a phng; cc qui nh v chc nng, nhim v, phn cp qun l, c ch phi hp
v gim st, nh gi qu trnh thc hin Chng trnh.
BAN CH O CHNG TRNH

Trng ban: Th Tng Chnh ph
Ban T vn
quc t
BAN CH NHIM CHNG TRNH

(Lm nhim v Vn phng Thng trc
ca Ban ch o)
Ban Ch o
B/Ngnh
Ghi ch:
Ban Ch o
Tnh/TP
Hi ngh cc
nh ti tr
Ban Th k
Chng trnh
Ban Ch o
cc T chc
Ch o, iu hnh
Cng tc, h tr v trao i thng tin
Hnh 6.1: S c cu t chc ca Chng trnh

S trong Hnh 6.1 th hin cu trc n gin ca khung qun l Chng
trnh. Chi tit qun l, iu phi ti cc b, ngnh hay tnh khng c th hin trong
s ny nhng c m t trong cc vn bn hng dn qun l v thc hin
Chng trnh. C ch hot ng chi tit s c th hin trong Hng dn Qun l v
Thc hin Chng trnh (PIMM), trong bao gm cc h thng cng c qun l m
bo vic qun l Chng trnh mt cch h thng v cht ch. Cc h thng cng c
ny gm c: H thng Lp k hoch v Bo co; H thng Thng tin Qun l (MIS);
H thng Gim st nh gi (M&E); H thng m bo cht lng (QA); H thng
Qun l Ti chnh; v.v.
6.1.1. Thnh lp Ban Ch o quc gia v Ban Ch nhim Chng trnh

1) Kin ngh Chnh ph thnh lp Ban Ch o quc gia v Chng trnh mc
tiu quc gia ng ph vi BKH (gi tt l Ban Ch o quc gia) bao gm: Th
tng Chnh ph: Trng Ban; B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng: Ph trng
Ban thng trc; B trng B K hoch v u t: Ph trng Ban; B trng B
Ti chnh: Ph trng Ban; cc y vin l B trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin
Nng thn, B trng B Ngoi giao.
Ban Ch o quc gia c cc chc nng, nhim v ch yu sau:
44
- Xc nh chin lc, nh hng v cc gii php ng ph vi BKH.

xut ln Chnh ph nhng thay i trong lnh vc chnh sch v php l lin quan n
BKH. Hng dn v ch o thng nht trong c nc qu trnh thc hin Chng
trnh;
- T chc v ch o nghin cu, xut kin cho Chnh ph v nhng ch
trng chnh sch, n ln v nhng vn quan trng trong lnh vc ng ph vi
BKH;
- Ch o tng hp phn tch nh gi tnh hnh thc hin cc mc tiu, cc ch
tiu ca Chng trnh trong k hoch hng nm v 5 nm.
2) B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng trnh Th tng Chnh ph ph
duyt thnh phn Ban Ch nhim v Quy ch hot ng ca Ban Ch nhim Chng
trnh (gi tt l Ban Ch nhim).
Thnh phn Ban Ch nhim Chng trnh gm c: B trng B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng, Ch nhim; Th trng B K hoch v u t, Ph Ch nhim; Th
trng B Ti chnh, Ph Ch nhim; Cc U vin Ban ch nhim gm c: i din
lnh o cc B, ngnh: Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn; Ngoi giao; T php;
Cng thng; Lao ng, Thng binh v X hi; Giao thng vn ti; Xy dng; Thng
tin v Truyn thng; Gio dc v o to; Ni v; Y t; Khoa hc v Cng ngh; Vn
ha, Th thao v Du lch; Quc phng; Cng an; Vn phng Chnh ph; U ban Dn
tc; i din lnh o cc on th: TW Mt trn T quc Vit Nam, Tng Lin on
Lao ng Vit Nam, TW Hi Nng dn Vit Nam, TW on Thanh nin Cng sn H
Ch Minh, TW Hi lin hip ph n Vit Nam; cc Lin hip hi;
Ban ch nhim Chng trnh l c quan thng trc ca Ban Ch o quc
gia, c cc chc nng v nhim v ch yu sau:
- T chc, hng dn v ch o qu trnh thc hin Chng trnh; ch o
thnh lp v iu phi hot ng ca cc Ban Ch o chng trnh hnh ng cp
b, ngnh v a phng;
- Qun l, xut phn b kinh ph ca Chng trnh;
- T chc v phi hp cc hot ng lin b/ngnh v xy dng quy hoch,
lng ghp k hoch ng ph BKH vi k hoch pht trin KT-XH; ch o trin khai
cc d n ln mang tnh lin b/ngnh. H tr cc b/ngnh, a phng, v cc t
chc x hi xy dng chng trnh hnh ng ca b, ngnh v a phng;
- Ch o cng tc theo di, gim st, nh gi kt qu thc hin Chng
trnh;
- Ch o cng tc tuyn truyn, gio dc, nng cao nhn thc ca cc cp, cc
ngnh v cng ng v BKH. Xy dng v iu phi cc knh truyn thng v
BKH;
- Tng hp bo co nh k (qu, nm) v tnh hnh thc hin Chng trnh
vi cc c quan chc nng.
Ban Th k Chng trnh
Ban Th k Chng trnh l b phn gip vic Ban Ch nhim Chng trnh,
t ti B Ti nguyn v Mi trng.
45
Chc nng, nhim v ca Ban Th k Chng trnh do B trng B Ti

nguyn v Mi trng quyt nh.
Nhn s ca Ban th k gm c cn b chuyn trch thuc bin ch ca B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng, cn b kim nhim theo s tho thun, cn b hp ng c
tuyn dng theo nhu cu cng tc.
6.1.2. T vn quc t
Hi ngh hng nm cc nh ti tr cho Chnh ph Vit Nam s ng vai tr l
c quan t vn, gip Ban Ch o quc gia Chng trnh huy ng v iu phi vin
tr quc t cho cc hot ng c lin quan n Chng trnh.
Hi ngh cc nh ti tr c Ban T vn quc t gip Ban Ch nhim Chng
trnh qun l v ch o qu trnh thc hin Chng trnh. C cu, nhim v ca Ban
T vn quc t do Hi ngh cc nh ti tr quy nh vi s nht tr ca pha Vit Nam.
Kinh ph hot ng ca Ban T vn do cc nh ti tr cung cp.
Ty hon cnh c th, mt s b v a phng c th c chuyn gia t vn
quc t bn cnh Ban Ch o K hoch hnh ng hot ng theo s tha thun vi
pha Vit Nam.
6.1.3. Trch nhim ca cc cp chnh quyn

BKH c tc ng n ton x hi, v th vic thc hin Chng trnh, c bit
nhng hot ng thch ng vi BKH, l trch nhim ca cc cp chnh quyn t
trung ng n a phng.
1) Cp trung ng
a) Chnh ph ch o mi hot ng lin quan, trong c:
Tng hp v tch hp yu t BKH vo cc chnh sch, quy hoch, k hoch,
vo qu trnh xy dng ngn sch quc gia.
b) B Ti nguyn v Mi trng:
B Ti nguyn v Mi trng thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc c
phn cng, gip Ban Ch nhim Chng trnh phi hp vi cc b, ngnh v a
phng qun l v thc hin Chng trnh, tp trung vo cc ni dung:
- Ch tr, phi hp vi cc ngnh, cc cp xut, xy dng c ch chnh sch
qun l, iu hnh thc hin Chng trnh, trnh Chnh ph ban hnh hoc ban hnh
theo chc nng nhim v c quy nh;
- Xc nh mc tiu, xy dng nhim v, tnh ton knh ph cn thit v
xut cc gii php thc hin trnh Ban Ch nhim Chng trnh tng hp vo k
hoch 5 nm, hng nm trnh Chnh ph. Da trn cc nhim v v tng kinh ph
c ph duyt cho Chng trnh, phi hp vi B K hoch v u t v B Ti
chnh chun b kinh ph chi tit v xut cn i phn b ngun lc cho cc b,
ngnh v cc tnh trnh Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt;
- Hng dn v h tr cc b, ngnh v tnh trong vic xy dng v thc hin
k hoch hnh ng ng ph vi BKH ca h;
- Ch tr, phi hp vi B K hoch v u t, xy dng c ch gim st,
nh gi tnh hnh thc hin Chng trnh trnh Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt;
46
- iu phi chung cc hot ng v thng tin, gio dc v truyn thng lin

quan n BKH;
- Hng dn, gim st v nh gi vic thc hin Chng trnh;
- Chu trch nhim xy dng v thc hin k hoch hnh ng ca B.
c) B K hoch v u t:
B K hoch v u t thc hin nhim v qun l nh nc, c trch nhim:
- Ch tr v phi hp vi cc b ngnh v a phng r sot v chnh sa cc
chin lc, quy hoch v k hoch pht trin KT-XH quc gia tnh n BKH;
- Ch o v hng dn cc b, ngnh v a phng tch hp yu t BKH
vo cc chin lc, quy hoch v k hoch pht trin KT-XH quc gia, cc b ngnh
v a phng;
- Cng vi B Ti chnh, chu trch nhim phn b cc ngun vn, iu phi
kinh ph chung v iu phi cc ngun ti tr, bao gm c vic iu phi ngn sch
nh nc hng nm cho cc chng trnh v d n lin quan n BKH;
d) B Ti chnh:
B Ti chnh thc hin nhim v qun l nh nc, c trch nhim:
- Cng vi B KHT, chu trch nhim phn b cc ngun vn, iu phi
kinh ph chung v iu phi cc ngun ti tr, bao gm c vic iu phi ngn sch
nh nc hng nm cho cc chng trnh v d n lin quan n BKH;
) Cc b, c quan ngang b v cc c quan khc trc thuc Chnh ph:
- Chu trch nhim xy dng v thc hin k hoch hnh ng ng ph vi
BKH cho B, ngnh mnh;
- Thc hin nhim v c giao trong Chng trnh;
- Ch ng tham gia cc hot ng phi hp chung theo ch o ca Ban ch
o quc gia.
2) Cp tnh v thnh ph
Ch tch UBND tnh/thnh ph chu trch nhim:
- Xy dng v thc hin k hoch hnh ng ng ph vi BKH cho tnh v
thnh ph;
- T chc thc hin cc hot ng lin quan c ph duyt trong Chng
trnh;
- m bo s dng ng mc tiu v c hiu qu ngun vn ca Chng
trnh, thc hin chng tham nhng v tht thot vn ca Chng trnh;
- Ch ng huy ng thm ngun lc v lng ghp cc cc hot ng c lin
quan ca cc chng trnh khc trn a bn t c cc mc tiu trong Chng
trnh;
47
- m bo v tun th cc nguyn tc gim st, nh gi quy nh trong

Chng trnh;
- Chun b cc bo co nh k v tin thc hin cc mc tiu, nhim v
ca Chng trnh trn a bn tnh/thnh ph theo qui nh hin hnh.
3) Cp qun/huyn
Ch tch UBND qun/huyn chu trch nhim:
- T chc thc hin cc mc tiu, nhim v v cc hot ng lin quan ca
Chng trnh v K hoch hnh ng theo cc ch tiu k hoch c UBND
tnh/thnh ph giao;
- Huy ng v s dng hp l v hiu qu ngun lc a phng cho vic thc
hin Chng trnh v K hoch hnh ng.
6.2.
Tham gia ca cc t chc x hi, khi t nhn v ton dn
6.2.1. nh hng chung

Hot ng ng ph vi BKH l s nghip ca ton x hi. Qu trnh hoch
nh cc ch trng chnh sch, t chc v trin khai cc hot ng ca Chng trnh,
ngoi trch nhim ca cc cp chnh quyn, cn huy ng s tham gia ca khi t
nhn, cc t chc phi chnh ph v ca ton dn.
Cc t chc chnh tr - x hi, x hi - ngh nghip, cc on th qun chng
nc ta pht trin rng ri, c t chc cht ch v nhiu kinh nghim hot ng vi
mc tiu on kt v huy ng s tham gia ca nhn dn. Mi mt nhm x hi u c
t chc ca mnh, m thng qua nhng hot ng ring l ca cc thnh vin c
phi hp v tr thnh nhng phong tro rng ri.
BKH va l vn mi trng, va l vn pht trin bn vng mang tnh
ton cu. V vy, cn kt hp cc ni dung ny trong gii php huy ng s tham gia
ca ton dn trin khai thc hin.
6.2.2. Tham gia ca cc t chc x hi, cng ng dn c v h gia nh

ng ph vi BKH l nhim v ca ton x hi. Tu theo chc nng ca mnh,
cc t chc x hi phi ch ng tham gia vo cc hot ng ng ph vi BKH, c
bit l lnh vc thng tin, gio dc v truyn thng; h tr v huy ng cng ng, h
gia nh tham gia tch cc xy dng, vn hnh v qun l cc cng trnh ng ph vi
BKH, nhn rng v ph bin kinh nghim cc m hnh ng ph vi BKH.
S tham gia rng ri ca nhn dn vo vic trin khai Chng trnh thng qua
nhng hnh thc sau:
- Trong qu trnh son tho cc quy nh php lut cn pht huy hn na sng
kin v tinh thn lm ch ca nhn dn trong vic qun l x hi v cng ng. Nng
cao s tham gia ca cng ng trong vic xem xt nh gi tc ng mi trng bng
cch th ch ha vai tr ca qun chng v c cc bin php cng ch tun th cc
quy ch, quy nh lin quan n mi trng, trc ht i vi cc d n ln, c nh
hng su rng ti dn c. Cc t chc chnh tr - x hi, x hi - ngh nghip, cc
on th qun chng ng vai tr quan trng trong vic m bo tnh bn vng trong
pht trin kinh t, x hi v bo v mi trng trn a bn tng a phng. Cn tng
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cng trch nhim v nng lc cho cc t chc, on th trn pht huy c hiu qu
vai tr ny;
- Thng qua cc on th qun chng v hot ng cng ng, t chc tuyn
truyn, gio dc, nng cao nhn thc gio dc cng ng v vn BKH, bo v ti
nguyn thin nhin v mi trng, pht trin bn vng thng qua cc phng tin
thng tin tuyn truyn, cc hot ng ca qun chng nh t chc cc cuc thi tm
hiu, cc hot ng chung mang tnh cht phong tro cn c tip tc pht huy;
- Pht ng cc phong tro qun chng trong tng nhm x hi, tng a
phng v trn quy m c nc vi cc ni dung trn. Tip tc pht trin cc phong
tro qun chng v hot ng cng ng nhm to thm vic lm, gip nhau kinh
nghim lm n, xa i gim ngho, gi gn v sinh mi trng sng, bo v cc
ngun ti nguyn, mi trng ti a phng v nng cao thc ca nhn dn v cc
vn BKH, bo v mi trng, pht trin bn vng;
- Trong tng cng ng thnh lp cc t chc t qun gim st v ng ph
ban u vi tc ng c hi ca BKH, c bit l cc thin tai bt thng;
- Tng h gia nh, ngoi vic tham gia cc hnh ng chung ca cng ng
v ca x hi, cn tch tr lng thc, nc sch v thuc bnh dng khi xy ra
thin tai, tn cao nn nh chng ng lt;
- Chnh quyn cc cp cn phi hp, h tr v to iu kin v mi mt cc
t chc chnh tr - x hi, x hi - ngh nghip, on th qun chng v cng ng dn
c c th thc hin c nhng mc tiu ca cc phong tro ni trn;
- Xy dng cc in hnh v nhn rng.
6.2.3. Tham gia ca cc t chc phi chnh ph

- Tham gia cc qu trnh hoch nh chnh sch, chng trnh, k hoch ng
ph vi BKH trong vai tr phn bin;
- H tr cng ng trong tuyn truyn, nng cao nhn thc, trin khai cc bin
php phng trnh thin tai;
- Gip ngi dn p dng cc bin php canh tc, chn nui t pht thi;
tng cng s dng nhin liu sinh hc, hn ch dng than.
6.2.4. Tham gia ca khi t nhn

- Tham gia nh gi kh nng b tn thng do nhng dao ng kh hu hin
thi v nhng hin tng kh hu cc oan ti nhng a im c nhiu nguy c chu
tc ng ca BKH;
- Tham gia lp quy hoch da vo cng ng xc nh nhng bin php
thch ng ch yu trn c s thc t a phng v cc ch tiu la chn hot ng
u tin;
- La chn cc hot ng thch ng u tin xut a vo k hoch hnh
ng ng ph vi BKH ca b/ngnh, a phng;
- Xy dng v thc hin cc d n th im da vo cng ng nhm gii
quyt nhng nhu cu thch ng cp bch v kp thi a phng. Thc hin hoc
tham gia cc n, d n trong Chng trnh v K hoch hnh ng ca cc b,
49
ngnh, a phng; tip nhn v p dng cc cng ngh thn thin mi trng c
chuyn giao;
- Tham gia th trng ti chnh v bo him lin quan n BKH, theo quy
nh ca Nh nc.
6.3.
Phn k thc hin

Chng trnh c chia thnh cc giai on thc hin nh sau:
6.3.1. Giai on I (2009-2010): Giai on Khi ng

Chun b y v mt th ch, t chc, nh gi, k hoch, c ch v quy ch
qun l, cc ngun lc cn thit v cc th im trin khai thc hin. Cc sn phm
u ra ca Giai on Khi ng gm:
- Cc vn bn quy phm php lut v cc quy ch c bn c lin quan cc
cp, b, ngnh c xy dng v ban hnh;
- B my ch o v iu hnh Chng trnh vi chc nng nhim v quy nh
c thnh lp v hot ng;
- Cc kch bn BKH v nc bin dng c xy dng;
- Tc ng ca cc kch bn BKH v nc bin dng ti cc lnh vc v a
phng c nh gi;
- K hoch hnh ng ca cc b, ngnh v cc a phng c xy dng v
trin khai quy m th im;
- H thng qun l thng tin, gim st - nh gi c xy dng v hng dn
thc hin;
- Chin lc v k hoch nng cao nhn thc cng ng v o to ngun
nhn lc c xy dng v trin khai thc hin;
- Cc tnh, thnh ph ven bin c k hoch hnh ng chi tit ng ph vi
BKH.
6.3.2. Giai on II (2011-2015): Giai on Trin khai

- Trin khai ton din cc ni dung ca Chng trnh tng bc t c
cc mc tiu ca Chng trnh; ti tt c cc tnh, thnh ph u c k hoch hnh
ng chi tit v trin khai c th vo a phng mnh;
- nh gi kt qu thc hin qua tng k hoch nm, rt kinh nghim kin
ton cc k hoch tip theo;
- Tng kt v xy dng k hoch cho Giai on Pht trin.
6.3.3. Giai on III (sau 2015): Giai on Pht trin

M rng v pht trin cc hot ng ng ph vi BKH trn c s nhng kt
qu v kinh nghim ca Giai on Trin khai.
6.4.
C ch ti chnh
Trong nhng nm qua ngun vn cho cc hot ng BKH ch yu da vo

kinh ph hp tc quc t, h tr k thut ca cc c ch ti chnh Cng c v qu hp
tc song phng ca cc nc. u t ca Nh nc ch duy tr hot ng ca Vn
50
phng Cng c BKH ca B TNMT - c quan u mi v BKH. Quyt nh s

130/2007/Q-TTg, ngy 02 thng 8 nm 2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph mi cp
n mt s c ch chnh sch ti chnh i vi d n c ch pht trin sch (CDM),
cha xy dng c c ch, chnh sch huy ng cc ngun lc cho cc hot ng
khc, trong c Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia ng ph vi BKH. Cch tip cn
mc tiu ca chng trnh mi tp trung nhiu vo cc hot ng xy dng chng
trnh m cha xc nh v h tr ti chnh cho cc hot ng. Chnh v th cn phi i
mi c ch ti chnh, bao gm c c ch huy ng, qun l v u t trn c s pht
huy nhng bi hc kinh nghim thu c t cc chng trnh, c tnh n c th
ring ca hot ng ng ph vi BKH v khc phc nhng tn ti, yu km nu trn.
Phng thc tip cn l pht huy ngun ni lc, ng thi tranh th ngun vn
quc t thc hin Chng trnh theo cc nguyn tc chung:
- Tranh th ngun vn quc t (vn vin tr khng hon li, vn vay) cng vi
ngun vn ngn sch nh nc, vn tn dng nh nc v trit huy ng ngun vn
trong dn;
- S dng c cu vn hp l, trong vn ngn sch c tc dng h tr v
kch thch cc ngun vn khc;
- Khuyn khch v to mi trng thun li thu ht u t ca doanh
nghip v t nhn vi mi hnh thc.
Vic lp, phn b, quyt nh giao d ton; qun l, s dng v quyt ton kinh
ph Chng trnh thc hin theo quy nh ca Lut Ngn sch nh nc v cc vn
bn hng dn Lut.
Do c th ca Chng trnh, cn xy dng c ch qun l ti chnh ring i
vi cc d n, hot ng ca Chng trnh tng t nh vi cc chng trnh mc tiu
quc gia khc.
Ngoi ra, c th nghin cu p dng phng thc H tr ngn sch theo mc
tiu l m hnh h tr v s dng vn H tr pht trin chnh thc (ODA) trc tip b
sung vo ngn sch khng qua c ch d n, khng cn b my qun l ring.
H tr ngn sch theo mc tiu s h tr ngn sch cho cc hot ng ca
Chng trnh c Chnh ph xc nh trong Chng trnh v c gii ngn v gim
st qun l theo c ch ca Lut Ngn sch v chng trnh mc tiu quc gia. Mc
tiu ca chng trnh h tr ngn sch theo mc tiu ng thi cng l cc mc tiu
ca chng trnh mc tiu quc gia c Chnh ph Vit Nam ph duyt.
Vic gii ngn ca chng trnh h tr ngn sch theo mc tiu d kin s din
ra nhanh chng theo tin c tha thun trn nguyn tc "ngun vn ODA
c ho vo ngun ngn sch v s c chuyn trc tip vo cc chng trnh".
Chng trnh h tr ngn sch theo mc tiu to iu kin ho nhp s h tr ODA
vi nhng n lc ca Chnh ph t ti cng mc tiu. y l mt bc tin mi
trong cng tc hi ho cc th tc gia Chnh ph v cc nh ti tr.
Chng trnh h tr ngn sch theo mc tiu s c thc hin da trn c ch
ca cc chng trnh mc tiu quc gia, c thay i trong phn b kinh ph; gim st v
nh gi trn c s thc hin vic phn cp qun l. C ch bo co da vo quy trnh/
th tc thng thng ca Chnh ph, ch cn ci tin m khng to ra mt quy trnh
ring trong qu trnh thc hin chng trnh h tr ngn sch theo mc tiu.
51
6.4.1. Kinh ph thc hin

t mc tiu ca Chng trnh ra, d tnh kinh ph cn cho nhng hot
ng thc hin Chng trnh giai on 2009 2015 (khng bao gm kinh ph trin
khai cc K hoch hnh ng ca cc b, ngnh, a phng) l 2.374 t ng, phn
theo cc nhm hot ng nh sau:
- Tng cng hot ng khoa hc, cng ngh: 812 t ng, chim 34,2%;
- Tng cng nng lc t chc, th ch, chnh sch v BKH: 163 t ng,
chim 6,9%;
- Nng cao nhn thc v o to ngun nhn lc: 285 t ng, khong 12,0%;
- Tng cng hp tc quc t: 61 t ng, chim 2,6%.
- Tch hp yu t BKH vo cc chin lc, quy hoch, k hch pht trin:
172 t ng, chim 7,2%;
- Xy dng cc k hoch hnh ng ca cc b, ngnh v a phng ng ph
vi BKH: 881 t ng, chim 37,1%;
C cu ngun kinh ph cho cc hot ng ca Chng trnh cho giai on 2009
- 2015 l: Vn nc ngoi 50%, Vn trong nc 50%.
Kinh ph ca Chng trnh trong giai on sau 2015 s c xc nh cng vi
mc tiu c th ca tng giai on, theo mc tiu, nhim v cc Chng trnh hnh
ng ca cc b, ngnh v a phng thc hin Chng trnh. C cu ngun kinh ph
u t cho Chng trnh nh sau:
- Vn nc ngoi 50%,
- Vn trong nc 50%, trong :
+ Ngn sch TW: khong 15%;
+ Ngn sch a phng: khong 10%;
+ Tn dng u i: khong 15%;
+ Dn ng gp: khong 10%.
6.4.2. Phng thc huy ng vn

i mi gii php huy ng ngun ti chnh ca cng ng, ly x hi ha
ngun ti chnh lm trng tm: vn ng v t chc, to c s php l khuyn
khch s tham gia ca nhn dn, ca cc thnh phn kinh t v ton x hi u t vo
s nghip ng ph vi BKH; pht huy ni lc ngi s dng ng gp mt phn chi
ph xy dng v ton b chi ph vn hnh, duy tu bo dng v qun l cng trnh; vn
ng cc nh ti tr thu ht thm vn ODA v cc ngun ti tr khc cho Chng
trnh.
Tp trung u tin cho cc di ven bin, cc vng min ni, vng kh khn v
cc vng thng xuyn b thin tai.
1) Vn ngn sch nh nc
Vn ngn sch nh nc (NSNN) cho Chng trnh c xc nh mt cch
tho ng, tng xng vi v tr ca ca Chng trnh trong chin lc pht trin KTXH ca t nc.
52
Vn NSNN cho Chng trnh cn c s lng ghp, phi hp vi cc d n ca

cc chng trnh mc tiu quc gia khc ngay t khi thm nh v trnh duyt.
2) Vn vay tn dng u i
Nhu cu vn tn dng cho Chng trnh rt ln. t c k hoch ny, cn
tng thm ngun vn tn dng, ng thi m rng phm vi, i tng phc v ca
Qu tn dng u i thc hin Chng trnh. Vn tn dng ch yu dng trung hn v
di hn vi li sut thp hoc khng thu li.
3) Vn ca dn v vn ca cc doanh nghip, cc thnh phn kinh t khc
y mnh cc hot ng tuyn truyn, vn ng huy ng cc h gia nh
tham gia cc hot ng ng ph vi BKH.
Vn u t ca cc doanh nghip, cc thnh phn kinh t khc, ca t nhn s
c ch trng huy ng thc hin Chng trnh thng qua vic xy dng v hon
thin cc chnh sch v to iu kin thun li thu ht ngun vn t cc nh u t,
cc doanh nghip, cc t chc x hi, khi dy ngun vn t ni lc ca nn kinh t;
khuyn khch tham gia ca khu vc t nhn v cc thnh phn kinh t khc u t xy
thc hin cc d n BKH thng qua cc chnh sch u i nh chnh sch v t ai,
gim thu, min thu, u tin khi vay tn dng u i
4) Vn vin tr Quc t
Vi phng thc tip cn tranh th ti a ngun vn Quc t, Chng trnh
ang v s nhn s h tr ca nhiu t chc quc t v cc T chc phi chnh ph
(NGOs), trong lu di v c bn l cc ngun qu a phng v BKH, Chng
trnh pht trin Lin Hp Quc (UNDP), Ngn hng Pht trin chu (ADB), Ngn
hng Th gii (WB) v cc qu song phng ca cc nc pht trin.
Ngun vn ny bao gm vn vin tr khng hon li v vn vay di hn, li
sut u i, c huy ng thng qua cc hnh thc hp tc a phng, song phng.
H tr ti chnh ca quc t thng qua vic ng gp chung cho qu tr cp v qu tn
dng, tr cp cho cc d n hoc mt khu vc.
Vn vin tr quc t cho Chng trnh phi c k hoch ho ngay t khu
thm nh, ph duyt v th hin trong k hoch hng nm ca Chnh ph.
6.4.3. Phng thc lp k hoch vn ca Chng trnh

Tt c k hoch vn c thng bo cho Ban Ch nhim Chng trnh ngay t
u nm, c phn b r thnh phn cu phn vn s nghip v cu phn vn u t
pht trin.
B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (c quan qun l chng trnh) c trch nhim
lp k hoch v nhim v, mc tiu v nhu cu kinh ph, xut cc gii php thc
hin Chng trnh gi B K hoch v u t, B Ti chnh tng hp chung vo k
hoch pht trin KT-XH trnh Chnh ph; Chnh ph trnh cc U ban ca Quc
hi (c lin quan) trc khi trnh U ban Thng v Quc hi v trnh Quc hi theo
quy nh ca Lut Ngn sch Nh nc.
Cn c tng mc kinh ph ca Chng trnh c cp c thm quyn thng
bo, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ch tr, phi hp vi cc B K hoch v u t,
B Ti chnh d kin phng n phn b kinh ph ca Chng trnh cho cc b, c
quan trung ng v cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng ph hp vi mc tiu,
53
nhim v c giao. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng tng hp kt qu phn b gi B

Ti chnh, B K hoch v u t tng hp chung vo d ton ngn sch ca cc
b, ngnh, a phng trnh Th tng Chnh ph trnh Quc hi theo quy nh ca
Lut Ngn sch Nh nc.
i vi cc b, c quan trung ng: cn c vo kinh ph Chng trnh c
Th tng Chnh ph giao, cc b, c quan trung ng phn b, giao nhim v cho
cc n v trc thuc ph hp vi mc tiu, ni dung ca Chng trnh gi B Ti
chnh theo quy nh lm cn c cp pht kinh ph.
i vi cc a phng: cn c tng kinh ph ca tt c cc d n c Chnh
ph giao cho a phng, UBND cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng c trch
nhim lng ghp cc chng trnh mc tiu trn a bn, b tr mc kinh ph cho
Chng trnh trn a bn a phng mnh.
6.4.4. Cng tc gii ngn, thanh quyt ton

Vic gii ngn cho Chng trnh c thc hin qua ba knh ch yu l:
- Gii ngn vn vay, vn vin tr ca nh ti tr thng qua ngn hng phc v
tnh v thc hin theo Hip nh vin tr c k kt gia Chnh ph Vit Nam v nh
ti tr.
- Vn ngn sch nh nc c gii ngn qua h thng Kho bc nh nc,
kim sot chi v qun l theo cc vn bn hng dn ca Lut Ngn sch Nh nc.
- Vn tn dng u i trong nc cho vay thng qua ngn hng chnh sch x hi.
Cc n v trc tip s dng ngn sch ca Chng trnh c trch nhim hch
ton v quyt ton kinh ph thc hin cc D n theo chng, loi, khon tng ng
ca Mc lc ngn sch nh nc, m s Chng trnh v quy nh ca Lut ngn sch
Nh nc, Lut k ton v cc vn bn hng dn thi hnh Lut.
Cc d n v hot ng ca Chng trnh mua sm trang thit b, hng ho v
vt t, dch v cng ngh thng tin... thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut v u
thu.
i vi mt s hot ng ca Chng trnh do c quan, t chc thc hin
thng qua hnh thc k hp ng vi c quan ch tr d n th chng t lm cn c
thanh, quyt ton c lu ti c quan ch tr d n, gm: hp ng thc hin nhim
v (km theo d ton chi tit c c quan ch tr d n ph duyt), bin bn nghim
thu cng vic, bin bn thanh l hp ng, u nhim chi hoc phiu chi v cc ti liu
c lin quan khc. Cc chng t chi tiu c th do c quan trc tip thc hin d n
lu gi theo quy nh hin hnh.
6.4.5. Ch bo co
a) Cc b, ngnh ch tr d n, Ch tch UBND cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc
Trung ng chu trch nhim bo co tnh hnh ti chnh v kt qu thc hin cc D
n gi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, B Ti chnh v B K hoch v u t theo
quy nh hin hnh i vi chng trnh mc tiu quc gia.
b) B Ti nguyn v Mi trng c trch nhim tng hp nh gi v bo co
tnh hnh thc hin mc tiu, ni dung v hiu qu s dng kinh ph ca Chng trnh
theo quy nh hin hnh i vi chng trnh mc tiu quc gia.
54
6.4.6. Thu
Cc d n v cc hot ng u t thuc Chng trnh s c xem xt min
gim thu theo cc quy nh ca Php lut.
6.5.
Gim st, nh gi
6.5.1. Mc ch v yu cu
H thng gim st, nh gi nhm m bo tnh khch quan trong vic gim
st, nh gi tnh hnh thc hin cc mc tiu, nhim v ca Chng trnh.
1) Mc ch ca gim st, nh gi thc hin Chng trnh:
- Gip Ban Ch o quc gia Chng trnh v Ban Ch nhim Chng trnh
nm st v nh gi ng tnh hnh, kt qu thc hin cc mc tiu ca Chng trnh
v nhng tn ti, kh khn cng cc nguyn nhn trong qu trnh thc hin c bin
php iu chnh thch hp;
- xut cc kin ngh nhm pht huy nhng mt tch cc, khc phc nhng
mt tn ti, gip cc c quan hoch nh chnh sch pht trin c d liu thc t
nghin cu, hon thin v iu chnh chnh sch, c ch thc y cc hot ng ca
Chng trnh cho tng thi k.
- To cc kh nng ng thun v cng ng trch nhim ca cc cng ng,
t chc, c nhn trong x hi trong vic thc hin cc mc tiu ca Chng trnh.
- Cung cp c s d liu v tnh hnh v kt qu thc hin cc mc tiu v ch
tiu ca Chng trnh, gip hon thin ngun thng tin v h thng s liu thng k v
Chng trnh.
2) Yu cu gim st, nh gi thc hin Chng trnh:
- m bo s khch quan, trung thc trong thu thp, x l tng hp v cung cp
thng tin phn hi v thc hin cc mc tiu v ch tiu ca Chng trnh.
- m bo tnh lin tc, k tha, thng nht v c tnh n c th ca b,
ngnh, a phng trong gim st cc mc tiu v ch tiu ca Chng trnh, phc v
cho i chiu, so snh vic thc hin cc mc tiu v ch tiu ca Chng trnh.
- m bo s thng nht v phi hp cht ch gia cc b, ngnh, cc vng v
cc cp trong hot ng gim st, nh gi nhm hi ho v thc y vic thc hin
cc mc tiu v ch tiu ca Chng trnh.
- Khng cn tr hoc lm chm tr vic thc hin cc mc tiu v ch tiu ca
Chng trnh, m ngc li, h tr v thc y vic thc hin ny thng qua s pht
hin nhng mt mnh, mt yu, nhng thiu ht v nhng thch thc cng nh cc c
hi trong thc hin cc mc tiu v ch tiu ca Chng trnh.
- Huy ng s tham gia rng ri v tch cc, ch ng ca cc t chc x hi v
cng ng dn c nhm to s ng thun trong vic thc hin cc mc tiu v ch
tiu ca Chng trnh.
6.5.2. Ni dung gim st, nh gi

Ni dung hot ng gim st, nh gi khng ch ch vo xem xt, nh gi
xem vic thc hin mc tiu v ch tiu ca Chng trnh c tin hnh hoc
hon thnh hay cha, m cn phi ch ti xem xt, nh gi xem vic thc hin y
55
nh th no, tc ng ra sao i vi Chng trnh trn ton quc, cng nh cc

ngnh, lnh vc (mc thc hin; kh nng, nng lc t chc thc hin; cc tc
ng, nh hng,...), ti sao li nh vy (l do, nguyn nhn) v cn lm g (cc
xut kin ngh). Ni dung ch yu ca gim st, nh gi Chng trnh bao gm:
1) Gim st, nh gi huy ng v phn b cc ngun lc cho cc mc tiu ca
Chng trnh (u vo): kt qu v hiu qu s dng cc ngun lc.
2) Gim st, nh gi thc hin cc ch tiu ca Chng trnh (u ra): kt qu
v mc thc hin.
3) Gim st, nh gi vic xy dng v thc hin c ch, chnh sch ca
Chng trnh: s tun th v tc ng ca cc chnh sch, c ch i vi vic thc
hin cc mc tiu v ch tiu ca Chng trnh.
4) Gim st, nh gi s tham gia ca cng ng i vi vic thc hin cc
mc tiu v ch tiu ca Chng trnh: mc tham gia v tc ng i vi vic thc
hin cc mc tiu v ch tiu ca Chng trnh.
5) Gim st, nh gi vic thc hin cc mc tiu ca Chng trnh ca quc
gia, b, ngnh, lnh vc, a phng: kt qu v mc thc hin.
6) Pht hin nhng mt mnh, mt yu, nhng thiu ht v nhng thch thc
cng nh cc c hi trong thc hin cc mc tiu v ch tiu ca Chng trnh. Trn
c s s pht hin ny, ch ra nhng nguyn nhn v kin ngh cch thc, phng
hng khc phc hoc pht huy.
6.5.3. C ch gim st, nh gi

C ch gim st, nh gi tnh hnh thc hin Chng trnh phi ph hp vi mc
tiu, phm vi ca Chng trnh, m bo gim st v nh gi c tnh hnh v kt qu
thc hin cc nhim v ca Chng trnh. Hin nay, K hoch pht trin KT-XH 5 nm
c xy dng theo cch c th gim st, nh gi c. Do , c ch gim st, nh gi
da theo kt qu tnh hnh thc hin Chng trnh cn c nghin cu xy dng v
hng dn thc hin. Tng ng l Khung Gim st, nh gi theo kt qu tnh hnh thc
hin Chng trnh v b cc ch s/ch tiu gim st, nh gi cho tng mc tiu, hot
ng v tc ng ca Chng trnh.
6.5.4. Thi gian thc hin gim st, nh gi

Vic gim st, nh gi thc hin cc mc tiu v nhim v ca Chng trnh
c tin hnh hng nm ti tt c cc cp tham gia v do cc n v ch tr thc hin
v c Ban Ch nhim Chng trnh tng hp bo co Chnh ph.
6.5.5. Cc ch s/ch tiu gim st, nh gi

Cc ch s/ch tiu gim st, nh gi s c nghin cu v c th ha cho
tng nhm hot ng ca Chng trnh.
6.5.6. Trch nhim thc hin gim st, nh gi

1) Cp qun/huyn
- Phng Ti nguyn v Mi trng chu trch nhim thu thp, tng hp, qun
l v lu gi thng tin, chun b bo co theo nh k;
56
- UBND qun/huyn gi bo co tng hp thng tin nh k theo khu vc

hoc x/phng cho c quan thng trc Chng trnh tnh/thnh ph l S Ti
nguyn v Mi trng.
2) Cp tnh/thnh ph
- S Ti nguyn v Mi trng chu trch nhim qun l v lu gi nhng
thng tin tng hp theo tng khu vc hoc x/phng do qun/huyn bo co; kim
tra v hng dn cp qun/huyn gi bo co ng nh k;
- UBND tnh/thnh ph tng hp thng tin v gi bo co nh k ln Ban
Ch nhim Chng trnh.
3) Cp trung ng
- Cc b/ngnh chu trch nhim bo co Ban Ch nhim cc ni dung theo
yu cu;
- Ban Ch nhim Chng trnh chu trch nhim qun l v lu gi thng tin
do Ban Ch o cp tnh/thnh ph/b/ngnh bo co; kim tra v hng dn cp b,
ngnh v tnh/thnh ph gi bo co theo ng nh k; kim tra ngun s liu v
tin cy ca cc s liu; Ban Ch nhim Chng trnh chun b cc bo co nh k v
gi ln Ban Ch o quc gia Chng trnh trnh Chnh ph.
6.6.
C ch iu chnh Chng trnh
Da trn cc kt qu nghin cu cp nht v xu hng BKH, kch bn BKH

Vit Nam v trn th gii, d bo/cnh bo mi v cc tc ng ca BKH, qu
trnh thng lng sau Kyoto vo nm 2012, iu kin kinh t trong nc, kinh
nghim v bi hc thc hin Chng trnh trong tng giai on, Chng trnh c th
c iu chnh, cp nht v ni dung v phng php (2 nm mt ln) sao cho ph
hp vi iu kin, tnh hnh mi.
Cc b, a phng xut ni dung iu chnh trong cc bo co kt thc giai
on v bo co thc hin Chng trnh hng nm. Ban ch nhim Chng trnh c
trch nhim tng hp cc yu cu sa i v trnh ln Ban Ch o Chng trnh
ph duyt.
6.7.
Nhng kh khn trong thc hin
Kh khn trc tin trong thc hin Chng trnh l s yu km v nhn thc,
c v phm vi v mc cng nh cc bin php ng ph vi BKH. S thiu
nhn thc tn ti cc cp, t cc nh hoch nh chnh sch, cc cn b cc ngnh
v a phng, cc t chc x hi cng nh bn thn cc cng ng d b tn thng.
V th nng cao nhn thc cho mi tng lp r rng l hot ng cn c u tin u
tin.
Kh khn th hai trong thc hin Chng trnh l thiu s phi hp ng ph
vi BKH trong xy dng cc chnh sch, quy hoch v chng trnh trong cc ngnh
v lnh vc, ngay c trong nhng ngnh nhy cm vi kh hu. Cha c nhn thc v
s cn thit ca vic tch hp. Vic tch hp BKH trong quy hoch, thit k v thc
thi cc chnh sch hu nh cha c, c bit l cha gn kt BKH vi cc hot ng
gim i ngho v vic lm.
Kh khn th ba trong trin khai Chng trnh (khi nhn thc c nng cao)
l thiu cc cng c v phng php lun hng dn v t vn cho cc nh ra chnh
57
sch. iu ny xy ra ngay c i vi cc cn b chuyn mn cc ngnh, cc cp a

phng v cc cng ng d b tn thng. V th, o to v nng cao kin thc, thu
thp v x l s liu, pht trin cc phng php lun v cc cng c phn tch v thch
ng vi BKH l cc hot ng quan trng cn c lm ngay.
Kh khn th t trong thc hin Chng trnh l s thiu kin thc. BKH l
vn lu di, cc tc ng ca BKH l rt phc tp bao gm c nhng tc ng
hin ti v nhng tc ng tim tng. Nhng hiu bit ca th gii v ca Vit Nam v
qu trnh BKH cng nh tc ng ca chng n cc hot ng kinh t - x hi cng
cn rt hn ch.
VII.
XUT V KIN NGH
7.1.
Cc c ch chnh sch cn ban hnh
H thng vn bn quy phm php lut y v hon thin s to mi trng

php l cn thit thc hin Chng trnh. Tuy nhin, h thng vn bn quy phm
php lut hin hnh v ng ph vi BKH hin nay cn thiu v cha ng b. Mt
s vn bn c ban hnh cha c s php l iu chnh tt c cc hot ng
lin quan n hot ng BKH. Bn cnh cn cha c c ch r rng v c th v
s phi hp gia cc b, ngnh v cc a phng, cng c ch tham gia v phi hp
gia cc thnh phn x hi, cc cng ng trong cc chng trnh ng ph vi BKH.
Do h thng vn bn php lut ny cn sm c b sung, hon thin nhm p
ng nhu cu thc t ca i sng x hi v pht trin bn vng, thch ng v gim nh
BKH.
khc phc nhng tn ti k trn, trong thi gian ti cn u tin tin hnh r
sot, sa i v ngh b sung cc vn bn quy phm php lut cn thit nhm thc
y thc hin Chng trnh giai on 2009 - 2010 theo nhng phng chm, nguyn
tc v cch tip cn ca Chin lc quc gia pht trin bn vng n 2015 v to c s
php l qun l tt v thc hin hiu qu cc hot ng ng ph vi BKH. C th
nh sau:
1) Nhng vn bn cn r sot li
a) R sot, b sung Ch th 35/2005/CT-TTg, ngy 17 thng 10 nm 2005 v
Quyt nh s 47/2007/Q-TTg, ngy 06 thng 4 nm 2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph
c mt c ch hp l, iu chnh c cc vn lin quan n thc hin Cng c
Kh hu v Ngh nh th Kyoto cho giai on hin nay v sau 2012 bao gm:
- T chc thc hin ng b v kp thi cc hot ng BKH trong phm
vi c nc, bao gm c cc hot ng thch ng v gim nh BKH;
- Qui nh r nhim v, quyn hn v trch nhim tham gia ca cc b,
ngnh, cc cp, cc a phng v ngi dn trong cc hot ng ng ph vi BKH
v s tham gia vo cc hot ng quc t ng ph vi BKH.
b) R sot, iu chnh, b sung Quyt nh s 130/2007/Q-TTg, ngy 02
thng 8 nm 2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph nhm huy ng ti a mi ngun lc
phc v thc hin k hoch pht trin KT-XH giai on 2008-2010 v sau 2010. Thc
hin vic tch hp yu t BKH vo cc chng trnh pht trin KT-XH ca tt c cc
ngnh v a phng. Ban hnh cc vn bn quy phm php lut v hng dn, thanh
tra, kim tra vic s dng kinh ph thc hin Chng trnh.
58
c) R sot, b sung Thng t s 10/2006/TT-BTNMT, ngy 12 thng 12 nm

2006 ca B TNMT nhm khuyn khch s tham gia rng ri ca cc t chc, cc nh
u t trong v ngoi nc vo hot ng CDM thu ht vn u t vo cc d n
CDM, khuyn khch ci tin cng ngh, tip nhn v ng dng cng ngh sch phc
v pht trin bn vng cng vi vic gim nh v thch ng vi BKH.
2) Cc vn bn cn xy dng mi
a) Nghin cu, xy dng ban hnh Ngh nh ca Chnh ph quy nh quy
ch u t nc ngoi t cc ngun vn lin quan n BKH ph hp vi quy nh
qun l hin hnh ca Nh nc, ph hp vi cc vn bn v quy nh quc t, m
bo s linh hot v thc hin hiu qu;
b) Quyt nh ca Chnh ph thnh lp Ban Ch o quc gia v Chng trnh
ng ph vi BKH do Th tng l Trng ban vi s tham gia ca lnh o cc b,
ngnh lin quan;
c) Nghin cu, xy dng ban hnh Quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph ph
duyt K hoch t chc thc hin Ngh nh th Kyoto ca Cng c Kh hu giai
on 2011-2015 v nh hng sau 2015;
d) Nghin cu, xy dng, ban hnh Quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph v
phn cp v Thng t hng dn vic xy dng, t chc qun l, thc hin, cc c ch
ti chnh cho cc d n BKH;
e) Ban hnh thng t hng dn gim st vic tch hp BKH vo cc
chng trnh pht trin tng th ca cc b, ngnh v a phng, cc hot ng
KT-XH nh mt ni dung nh gi tc ng mi trng chin lc;
f) Tng bc xy dng v ban hnh tiu chun quc gia v quy hoch thit k
cc cng trnh c tnh n tc ng ca BKH v cc tiu ch u tin i vi cc
chng trnh, d n v BKH.
7.2.
Cc xut khc
1) nh gi vic t chc thc hin K hoch hnh ng thc hin Ngh nh

th Kyoto v cc hot ng lin quan n Cng c Khung ca Lin hip quc v
BKH c xut v cp nht y cho Chng trnh;
2) nh gi tng i ton din v y tc ng ca BKH n cc ngnh,
cc a phng c c s hon thin chin lc ng ph trong cc giai on tip
theo;
3) T chc vic tuyn truyn rng ri v Chng trnh v vic t chc thc hin
trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng. Tranh th ti a s h tr v ti chnh v k
thut ca cc T chc quc t thc hin hiu qu Chng trnh.
59
PH LC I: KHUNG K HOCH TCH HP BIN I KH HU VO CC

CHIN LC, QUY HOCH, K HOCH PHT TRIN KINH T - X HI,
PHT TRIN NGNH V A PHNG
Qu trnh tch hp BKH nhm nng cao nhn thc v BKH, kh nng ng
ph vi tc ng ca BKH, duy tr s n nh v tnh hiu qu ca cc chin lc,
quy hoch, k hoch pht trin KT-XH, pht trin ngnh v cc a phng hin ang
c thc hin; gp phn p ng yu cu pht trin KT-XH ca t nc.
Qu trnh tch hp BKH vo cc chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin
KT-XH, pht trin ngnh v cc a phng c th c thc hin theo quy trnh nh
sau:
Bc th 1
Xc nh ch tiu ca qu trnh tch hp BKH
Bc th 2
nh gi tc ng ca BKH n cc chin lc, quy

hoch, k hoch pht trin KT-XH, pht trin ngnh v
a phng
Bc th 3
nh gi qu trnh thc hin cc chin lc, quy hoch, k

hoch pht trin ngnh v a phng
Bc th 4
nh gi nhn thc v nng lc nhm

thc hin qu trnh tch hp
Bc th 5
nh gi cc tc ng ca qu trnh tch hp
(tch cc v tiu cc)
Bc th 6
Xy dng c ch v chin lc tch hp

(gm c cc vn v ti chnh, kinh t v chnh sch)
Bc th 7
Thc hin qu trnh tch hp trong tng chin lc,

quy hoch, k hoch pht trin ngnh v cc a phng
Hnh 1: Quy trnh tch hp bin i kh hu vo cc chin lc, quy hoch, k

hoch pht trin KT-XH, pht trin ngnh v a phng
Bc th 1: Xc nh ch tiu ca qu trnh tch hp yu t BKH vo cc
chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin KT-XH, pht trin ngnh v cc a
phng.
Bc th 2: nh gi tc ng ca BKH n cc chin lc, quy hoch, k
hoch pht trin KT-XH, pht trin ngnh v cc a phng.
Qu trnh tch hp cn a ra c cc minh chng v tc ng ca BKH ti
cc chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin KT-XH, pht trin ngnh v cc a
60
phng. Qu trnh nh gi tc ng ti cc chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch phi

c tnh khoa hc v thuyt phc cao v nu bt c tnh cn thit ca vic tch hp
yu t BKH vo cc chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin. V tc ng ca
BKH l lu di v c s thay i thng xuyn, qu trnh nh gi tc ng ca
BKH ti cc chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin ny cn nu ra c cc
tn thng c th, hin ti v trong tng lai, nu qu trnh tch hp ny khng
c thc hin.
Qu trnh nh gi tc ng ti cc chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht
trin l mt trong nhng ni dung chnh ca Chng trnh.
Bc th 3: nh gi qu trnh thc hin cc chin lc, quy hoch, k
hoch pht trin ngnh v a phng.
tch hp yu t BKH vo cc chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht
trin cn nh gi vic thc hin cc chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch c xc
nh. Cc nh gi ny nhm mc ch ch ra cc phm vi v ni dung m Chng
trnh cn u tin thc hin qu trnh tch hp v m bo tnh hiu qu ca c ch
chnh sch v chin lc tch hp ni chung. Qu trnh nh gi ny s ch trng
ti cc ni dung v ang c thc hin ca tng chin lc, quy hoch, k
hoch pht trin. Mt s cc vng v ngnh c tnh nhy cm v d b tn thng
cao i vi cc tc ng do BKH s c quan tm c bit.
Qu trnh nh gi ny cn c thc hin vi s hp tc ca cc b, ngnh,
c quan, t chc, khu vc v vng v ang thc hin cc chin lc, quy hoch,
k hoch pht trin ngnh v a phng.
Bc th 4: nh gi nhn thc v nng lc v BKH ca i ng cn b
ca cc chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin ngnh nhm thc hin qu trnh
tch hp.
Qu trnh tch hp s c thc hin theo hng dn ca Ban Ch o quc
gia v Ban Ch nhim Chng trnh vi s hp tc ca b my iu hnh cc chin
lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin. Tuy nhin, cc cng vic c th ca qu trnh
tch hp s c thc hin phn ln bi cc cn b ca cc chin lc, quy hoch,
k hoch pht trin. Do , nh gi nhn thc v BKH v i ng cn b v
ang thc hin cc chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin l rt cn thit. Qu
trnh nh gi ny cng s b tr cho vic xy dng c ch chnh sch v chin
lc ca qu trnh tch hp nhm m bo tnh hiu qu ca qu trnh tch hp ni
ring v ca ton b Chng trnh ni chung. Qu trnh nh gi ny cng s xc
nh c cc khu vc v lnh vc cn c quan tm, ch trng c bit trong qu
trnh ng ph vi BKH.
Bc th 5: nh gi cc tc ng ca qu trnh tch hp (tch cc v tiu
cc).
Ni dung nh gi bao gm: qu trnh thc hin, cc chin lc, quy hoch,
k hoch pht trin; cc tc ng tch cc hoc tiu cc ca qu trnh tch hp ny
i vi cc khu vc v lnh vc u tin, vi qu trnh thc hin trong tng lai ca
cc chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin v ng gp ca cc chin lc, quy
hoch, k hoch pht trin ny cho s pht trin KT-XH ca t nc trong bi
cnh tc ng ca BKH ngy cng gia tng.
61
Qu trnh nh gi tc ng ny cung cp cc thng tin ban u cho vic xy

dng cc c ch chnh sch, chin lc v cc hnh ng c th ca cc chin lc,
quy hoch, k hoch pht trin trong qu trnh tch hp.
Bc th 6: Xy dng c ch chnh sch v chin lc tch hp (bao gm
c cc vn v ti chnh, kinh t v chnh sch).
Qu trnh xy dng c ch chnh sch v chin lc tch hp s c thc
hin theo hng dn ca Ban Ch o quc gia v Ban Ch nhim Chng trnh vi
s h tr k thut ca i din ca cc chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin.
C ch chnh sch v chin lc tch hp cn da trn kt qu nh gi qu trnh
thc hin, nng lc v nhn thc v BKH ca i ng cn b ca cc chin lc,
quy hoch, k hoch pht trin v qu trnh nh gi tc ng ban u ca qu trnh
tch hp.
Qu trnh xy dng c ch chnh sch v chin lc ny cn nu bt cc khu
vc v lnh vc u tin; a ra cc bc hnh ng c th v c hng dn nh
gi, gim st thng xuyn di s ch o ca Ban Ch o quc gia v Ban Ch
nhim Chng trnh, v c s h tr ca Ban Ch o chng trnh hnh ng
cp b/ngnh, a phng v Ban iu hnh cc chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch
pht trin ngnh v cc a phng.
Bc th 7: Thc hin qu trnh tch hp trong tng chin lc, quy hoch,
k hoch pht trin.
Qu trnh tch hp c thc hin di s ch o ca Ban Ch o quc gia
v Ban Ch nhim Chng trnh, v c s h tr ca Ban Ch o chng trnh
hnh ng cp b/ngnh, a phng v Ban iu hnh cc chin lc, quy
hoch, k hoch pht trin ngnh v cc a phng.
62
PH LC II: D KIN CC BC XY DNG K HOCH HNH NG

1) Thit k qu trnh xy dng k hoch hnh ng
- Tng quan cc kt qu nghin cu v BKH, bao gm c kim k KNK,
nh gi tc ng v kh nng tn thng do BKH, tnh hnh thc hin k hoch
pht trin KT-XH 5 nm 2001 - 2005, k hoch pht trin KT-XH 2006 - 2010 v nh
hng pht trin KT-XH 2011 - 2015 ca Nh nc, b/ngnh v a phng;
- Xc nh cc c quan, t chc ca Chnh ph, b/ngnh v a phng, cc
doanh nghip, t chc phi chnh ph, cc t chc cng ng cn phi tham gia vo
vic xy dng k hoch hnh ng, bo m s ng thun v thng nht cao;
- Thnh lp Ban ch o xy dng k hoch hnh ng ca b/ngnh v a
phng;
- Thnh lp T cng tc xy dng k hoch hnh ng ca b/ngnh v lin
ngnh, bo m s ch o v gn kt cht ch gia Ban ch o v T cng tc trong
sut qu trnh xy dng K hoch hnh ng.
2) Xc nh cc mc tiu tng qut v cc mc tiu c th ca K hoch hnh ng
Tu thuc vo tnh hnh v c im c th ca b/ngnh v a phng, tnh
cht v mc tc ng ca BKH i vi tng lnh vc v khu vc c th xc
nh cc mc tiu chung v mc tiu c th ca K hoch hnh ng, p ng yu cu
pht trin ca b/ngnh, a phng v ph hp vi mc tiu pht trin quc gia.
Nhng mc tiu tng th ca K hoch hnh ng l:
- Bo m c kh nng tch hp cc gii php ng ph vi BKH c la
chn v xc nh trong K hoch hnh ng vo cc Chng trnh, k hoch, d n
pht trin;
- To c s thng nht cao v cc gii php ch yu ng ph vi BKH
c xc nh, nh gi v la chn, gp phn pht trin bn vng;
- Xy dng c chin lc v k hoch thc hin cc gii php ng ph vi
BKH nhm t c cc mc tiu c th ca K hoch hnh ng;
- Gp phn thc hin cc mc tiu quc gia v thch ng v gim nh BKH
v pht trin bn vng.
3) Lp k hoch cng tc tng th cho vic xy dng K hoch hnh ng
Vic lp k hoch cng tc tng th s gip cc thnh vin T cng tc nm
vng hng tip cn chung v nhng vn ch cht cn qun trit cng nh s phi
hp cng tc trong qu trnh lp K hoch hnh ng.
K hoch cng tc tng th cn xc nh r:
- Vai tr, trch nhim ca cc c quan, t chc, c bit l cc c quan thuc
Chnh ph trong qu trnh lp K hoch hnh ng v c ch phi hp;
- Nhng vn v lnh vc, ngnh v lin ngnh cn quan tm, nhng u tin
trong mi lnh vc v phng php tng hp cc ni dung v cc lnh vc, ngnh
v lin ngnh;
- Cc phng php s dng nh gi v trin khai cc gii php ng ph
vi BKH;
63
- Cc sn phm d kin ca K hoch hnh ng v yu cu cn t ca cc

sn phm;
- Trnh t thc hin K hoch hnh ng;
- Cc ngun lc ti chnh v con ngi nhm p ng yu cu trong qu trnh
lp K hoch hnh ng, bao gm c yu cu v h tr k thut (cung cp thng tin,
chuyn gia, hun luyn, o to, cc cng c phn tch, nh gi,...) v quan h vi cc
nh ti tr;
- Cc hot ng tip theo sau khi K hoch hnh ng c cp c thm
quyn ph duyt (cng b k hoch, t chc trin khai, b sung, iu chnh, cp nht,
nh gi hiu qu, nhn rng,...);
- D ton kinh ph cho tng nhim v v tng kinh ph ca K hoch hnh
ng, trong phn chia r cc ngun (Nh nc, a phng, ti tr ca nc ngoi,
cc t chc quc t, t nhn,...);
- Cc ph lc (nu cn).
4) nh gi v trin khai cc gii php i vi cc lnh vc, ngnh v lin ngnh
Cc c quan, t chc ph trch ch tr tng ngnh, lnh vc trung ng v a
phng cn xc nh, nh gi v trin khai cc gii php ng ph vi BKH i vi
ngnh, lnh vc mnh ph trch. Cc vn lin ngnh (th d: gio dc, o to,
nghin cu khoa hc, cng ngh, t chc, vn ho, thng tin,...) cng cn c nh
gi v trin khai. Nhng ni dung chnh l:
- Xc nh nhng u tin i vi ngnh, lnh vc, khu vc, h thng,... cn tp
trung nh gi;
- La chn v pht trin cc phng php nh gi;
- Thc hin cc nh gi k thut;
- nh gi cc gii php v kinh t, x hi v mi trng cp ngnh v a
phng;
- La chn cc gii php;
- Trnh by kt qu nh gi cc gii php.
5) Chun b cc chin lc v k hoch thc hin cc gii php c la chn, xc
nh
Nhng ni dung ch yu l:
- Xc nh r cc c quan, t chc chu trch nhim ch tr thc hin cc gii
php v vai tr, trch nhim ca cc c quan, t chc y trong vic thc hin K hoch
hnh ng;
- Phn chia cc bc thc hin K hoch hnh ng v xc nh nhim v c
th tng bc;
- Xc nh cc ngun ti chnh v nhn lc ca vic thc hin K hoch hnh
ng, cc th tc tip nhn cc ngun lc ;
- Cc hot ng h tr thc hin K hoch hnh ng nhm bo m t kt
qu d kin (truyn thng, hun luyn, o to,...).
64
6) Son tho k hoch hnh ng ng ph vi bin i kh hu

Sau khi hon thnh 5 nhim v nu trn, K hoch hnh ng cn c son
tho thnh vn bn ly kin ca cc c quan, t chc, cc chuyn gia ch cht c
lin quan nhm hon chnh vn bn d tho v trnh cp c thm quyn ph duyt.
Ni dung ch yu ca nhim v ny l:
- Son tho tng thnh phn ca K hoch hnh ng i vi ngnh, lnh vc
v a phng;
- Tng hp, iu chnh cc thnh phn ca k hoch i vi lnh vc, ngnh v
lin ngnh;
- Son tho vn bn K hoch hnh ng;
- T chc cc hi ngh tham kho kin, ly kin nhn xt, ng gp ca
cc c quan, t chc, cc chuyn gia ch cht, cc doanh nghip, t chc phi chnh
ph, t chc cng ng, cc nh ti tr,...
- Hon chnh vn bn K hoch hnh ng;
- Trnh cp c thm quyn ph duyt;
- Cng b rng ri K hoch hnh ng.
65

Chuong Trinh Quoc Gia Ung Pho BDKH

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Chuong Trinh Quoc Gia Ung Pho BDKH

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B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG

CHNG TRNH MC TIU QUC GIA

5.1. Hiu qu v kinh t, x hi v mi trng...................................................................... 42

BNG K HIU V CC CH VIT TT

GII THCH THUT NG

S CN THIT PHI XY DNG CHNG TRNH

Tnh cp thit ca Chng trnh

Bin i kh hu (vit tt l BKH), m trc ht l s nng ln ton cu v

Theo nh gi ca Ngn hng Th gii (2007), Vit Nam l mt trong nm nc

C s php l ca Chng trnh

1) Cng vn s 1357/CP-QHQT ngy 13 thng 11 nm 1998 ca Th tng

NHN NH V BIN I KH HU VIT NAM

Thc trng bin i kh hu Vit Nam

Theo s liu quan trc, bin i ca cc yu t kh hu Vit Nam c nhng

Nhn nh xu th bin i kh hu Vit Nam

Lng ma c xu th bin i khng ng u gia cc vng, c th tng (t

Nhn nh v tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu Vit Nam

Vit Nam ang i mt vi nhiu tc ng ca BKH bao gm tc ng n

ca BKH v mc nc bin dng. ng ph vi BKH cn phi c nhng u t

2.3.1. Kh nng d b tn thng do bin i kh hu

2.3.2. Tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu i vi Vit Nam

Tm tt nhng tc ng nghim trng ca bin i kh hu

Nhng tc ng nghim trng nht ca BKH i vi Vit Nam c th c

Vit Nam c b bin di 3.260km, hn mt triu km2 lnh hi v trn 3.000 hn

Nhit tng ln nh hng n cc h sinh thi t nhin, lm dch chuyn cc

Tc ng ca cc hin tng kh hu cc oan v thin tai

S gia tng ca cc hin tng kh hu cc oan v thin tai, c v tn s v

Tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu i vi cc lnh vc v khu vc

Ti nguyn nc ang chu thm nguy c suy gim do hn hn ngy mt tng

Tc ng ca bin i kh hu i vi nng nghip v an ninh lng thc

BKH c tc ng ln n sinh trng, nng sut cy trng, thi v gieo trng,

- Nc bin dng ln lm gim din tch rng ngp mn hin c, tc ng xu

- Nc mn ln su vo ni a, lm mt ni sinh sng thch hp ca mt s

Tc ng ca bin i kh hu i vi nng lng

- nh hng ti hot ng ca cc dn khoan c xy dng trn bin, h

Tc ng ca bin i kh hu i vi giao thng vn ti

BKH c nhiu nh hng tiu cc n giao thng vn ti, mt ngnh tiu th

Tc ng ca bin i kh hu i vi cng nghip v xy dng

Tc ng ca bin i kh hu i vi sc khe con ngi

Nhit tng lm tng tc ng tiu cc i vi sc khe con ngi, dn n

Thin tai nh bo, t, nc dng, ngp lt, hn hn, ma ln v st l t v.v...

Bng 2.1: Cc i tng d b tn thng do BKH

Di ven bin (bao gm c ng

Nng nghip v an ninh lng - Dn c ven

- Nng dn, nht

Bng 2.2: Mc nhy cm v kh nng thch ng

nhy C th thch ng vi mt gi nht

Nng nghip v an ninh lng

nhy C th thch ng vi mt gi nht

Cc h sinh thi bin v ven Rt

nhy Cha r hoc kh thch ng

Thu li (ch yu l cc cng Nhy cm

Cng nghip v Xy dng

Vn ho, Th thao, Du lch v Nhy cm

Cnh quan t nhin

Bng 2.3: Tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu v nc bin dng

Bng 2.4: Tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu v mc nc bin dng

Cc tc ng tim tng ca bin i kh hu

- Tc ng ti ti sn, sinh k bao gm nh ca, ngun cp

- Gim cht lng nc v s lng nc sch, nguy c gia

QUAN IM, MC TIU V PHM VI CA CHNG TRNH

1) ng ph vi BKH phi c tin hnh trn nguyn tc pht trin bn vng,

Mc tiu ca Chng trnh

3.2.1. Mc tiu tng qut