ENERGY IN LIFE

HEAT

Relationship between
Heat and Temperature
Temperature is the degree of hotness.
Heat is a form of energy.

When the amount of heat absorbed

increases, the temperature rises.

Differences between
Heat and Temperature
1.Temperature is the
degree of hotness.
2. Unit -

C or K

3. Measuring instrument
- thermometer

1. Heat is a form of energy

2. Unit

3. Measuring instrument
Joulemeter

Thermal
Equilibrium
Heat is transferred from a
region of high temperature to a
region of lower temperature.

BEFORE EQUILIBRIUM

: kinetic energy of the particles

AFTER EQUILIBRIUM

: kinetic energy of the particles

Specific Heat Capacity

Quantity of heat required to raise
the temperature of 1 kg of a
substance by 1C .
Hence, the SI unit for specific
heat capacity is J kg-1C-1.

Heat Calculation
Q = mc
where
Q = Quantity of heat
m = Mass of the object
= Change in temperature

Sample Question :
An electric water heater contains 2 kg of
water. The specific heat capacity of water
is 4200 J kg-1K-1. Calculate the amount of
energy required to raise the temperature of
the water from 300C to 1000C.
Q = mc
= 2 x 4200 x 70
= 588000 J
= 58.8 kJ

m = 2 kg
c = 4200 J kg-1K-1
= 1000C - 300C
= 700C

Heat Calculation

Q = Pt
where
Q = amount of heat supplied
P = power of the heater
t = time

Sample Question :
An immersion heater of 50W 12V is
put into a hole of an aluminium
alloy block. The aluminium alloy is
heated for 5 minutes. Calculate
the amount of heat that is supplied
by the immersion heater.
Formula : Q = Pt
P = 50W
= 50 x 5 x 60
t = 5 x 60
seconds
= 15000 J

Specific Latent Heat

Specific Latent heat of vaporisation

- Quantity of heat required to change 1 kg of a substance from
the liquid to the vapour state without a change of temperature.

Specific Latent heat of fusion

- Quantity of heat required to convert 1 kg of a substance
from the solid to the liquid state without a change of
temperature.

Specific Latent Heat

Q=ml
where l is the specific latent
heat.
SI unit for specific latent
heat is J kg-1.

Sample calculation :
Calculate the amount of heat
required to change 2.4 kg of ice into
water. The specific latent heat of
ice is 3.4 x 105Jkg-1

Q=mlf
= 2.4 x 3.4 x 105
= 8.16 x 105 J

m = 2.4 kg
lf = 3.4 x 105Jkg-1