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  • Cells (10%) : I. Organelles I. Phospholipid Bilayer

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    rashmi_harry
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    The document describes the structure and function of cells. It discusses the major organelles found in cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and chloroplasts. It also explains the key stages of the cell cycle, including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Finally, it provides a comparison of the characteristics of plant cells versus animal cells.

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    biology notes

    Original Title

    week_2

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    The document describes the structure and function of cells. It discusses the major organelles found in cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and chloroplasts. It also explains the key stages of the cell cycle, including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Finally, it provides a comparison of the characteristics of plant cells versus animal cells.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    9 views5 pages

    Cells (10%) : I. Organelles I. Phospholipid Bilayer

    Uploaded by

    rashmi_harry
    The document describes the structure and function of cells. It discusses the major organelles found in cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and chloroplasts. It also explains the key stages of the cell cycle, including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Finally, it provides a comparison of the characteristics of plant cells versus animal cells.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    Cells (10%)

    I. Organelles
    a. CellMembrane
    i. PhospholipidBilayer
    1. PolarHead
    2. TwoNonpolartails
    3. Oligosaccharides:
    a. Littlecarbohydrates
    b. Onthesurfaceofthemembrane
    c. Helpcellcellrecognition
    ii. Proteins
    1. Embedded
    2. Sometimesspanfullwidthofthemembrane
    3. Sometimesonlyontop
    a. i.e.ChannelProtein
    b. i.e.Neurons: SodiumPotassiumPump
    iii. Cholesterol
    iv. Diagram

    Cholesterol

    OUTSIDE

    Oligosaccharides
    PolarHead
    NonPolarTail

    Proteins

    INSIDE
    v. SelectivelyPermeableMembrane
    1. Onlyallowscertainthingstogothrough
    vi. TransportMechanisms
    1. Active
    a. Requiresenergy
    b. LowHighenergyconcentration
    c. Endocytosis
    i. Cellingestsobjectandcarriesitintothecell

    d. Exocytosis
    i. Vesiclefuseswithmembraneandspewsout
    contents
    e. Penocytosis
    i. Liquidisingestedintocellmembrane
    2. Passive
    a. Doesntrequireenergy
    b. Osmosis
    i. Water:
    HighLowConcentration
    c. Diffusion
    i. Molecules: HighLowConcentration
    d. FacilitatedDiffusion
    i. Assisteddiffusion(carrier)
    b. IntercellConnection
    i. AnimalCells
    1. GapJunction

    GapJunction
    ii. PlantsCells
    1. Plasmodesmada
    a. Moreprevalentthaninanimalcells

    Plasmodesmada
    c. Lysosome
    i. Intracellulardigestion
    d. EndoplasmicReticulum
    i. Smooth
    1. Lipidmetabolism
    2. Drugdetoxification
    ii. Rough
    1. Containribosomesthatsynthesizeproteins
    e. Amyloplasts
    i. Inplants
    ii. Withinstoragetissue
    iii. Colorless
    iv. Formstarchgranules

    v. Helpgravitropism

    II. CellLifeCycle
    a. Chromosomes

    Centromere

    Chromosome

    SisterChromatids

    b. Diagram

    G1

    G2
    S
    2n

    i. G1
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.

    Cellgrowthduringlifespan
    Synthesizationofneworganelles
    Greatamountofproteinsynthesis
    Highmetabolicrate

    ii. S
    1. DNAReplication
    iii. G2
    1. DNACheck
    2. Cellgrowth(fordivision)
    iv. M
    1. Mitosis
    2. Meiosis

    1. Mitosis
    a. Prophase
    i. SisterChromatidscondenseandbecome
    visible
    ii. Nuclearenvelopebreaksdown

    b. Metaphase
    i. Centriolespullspindlefiberstolinesister
    chromatidsdownthemiddle
    1. Headoverheels
    2. NOTsidebyside

    c. Anaphase
    i. Centriolespullapartsisterchromatids

    d. Telophase
    i. Cellbeginspinchingatthecentertoformtwo
    newcells
    e. Cytokineses
    i. AnimalCells
    1. CleavageFurrow
    ii. PlantCells
    1. CellPlate

    III. PlantCellsVs.AnimalCells
    PlantCells
    Chloroplasts
    Cellwall
    Nocentrioles
    Cellplate
    Amyloplasts
    Largevacuole

    AnimalCells
    nochloroplasts
    nocellwall
    centrioles
    cleavagefurrow
    noamyloplasts
    moderatelysized
    vacuoles

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