Klasifikasi Penyakit Gingiva

American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) 1999

1. Dental-Plaque Induced Gingival Disease
a. Gingivitis Associated with Dental Plaque only
i. Without local contributing factors
ii. With local contributing factors
b. Gingivitis Disease Modified by Systemic Factors
i. Associated with endocrine system
ii. Assosiated with blood dyscrasias
c. Gingival Disease Modified by Medications
i. Drugs-influenced Gingival Disease
d. Gingival Disease Modified by Malnutrition
i. Ascorbic acid-dificiency gingivitis
ii. Other
2. Non Plaque Induced Gingival Lesions
a. Gingival disease of specific bacterial origin
b. Gingival Disease of viral origin
c. Gingival Disease of Fungal Origin
d. Gingival lesions of genetic origin
e. Gingival manifestation of systemic condition
f. Traumatic Lesion
g. Foreign-body reactions

Patogenesis Penyakit
Gingiva
Initial Lesion

Carranzas 12th ed

Immunopatogenesis
Stage

Time
(days)

Blood
Vessels

Junctional
and
Sulcular
Epithelial

Predominant Collagen
Immune
Cells

I. Initial
Lesion

2-4

Vascula
dilatatio
n
Vasculiti
s

Infiltration
by PMNs

PMNs

Perivascu Gingival
lar loss
Fluid Flow

II. Early
Lesion

4-7

Vascular = Stage I
Prolifera Retepegs,
tion
atropic
area

Lymphocites

Increas
loss
aroung
infitrate

Erythema
, Bleeding
on
probing

III.
Establis
hed
Lesion

14-21

Same
as stage
II plus
blood
stasis

Plasma Cell

Continue
d Loss

Change
in colour,
siza,
texture,
so on.

Same as
stage II but
more
advance

Clinical
Finding

Farmakologi

Antibiotik
Penicilin
Tetrasiklin
Quinolone
Macrolide
Nitromidazole

Antiseptik
Chlorhexidine
Essential Oil
Clorine Dioxide
Two-Phase Oil Water Rinse
Triclosan

Histopatologi Penyakit Gingiva

(Page & Schroeder)

Mikrobiologi

Actinomyces naeslundii
A. viscosus
Capnocytophaga spp.
S. anginosus
S. mitis
S. oralis
S. sanguinis
Veilonella parvula
Eubacterium nodatum
Fusobacterium nucleatum