100 Elementarnih zadataka

**** MLADEN SRAGA ****

POTPUNO RIJEENI

ZADACI

PRIRUNIK ZA SAMOSTALNO UENJE

100 ELEMENTARNIH ZADATAKA

koje bi svatko trebao znati rijeiti

I
POTENCIJE

ALGEBARSKI IZRAZI

ba + bg = ba + bg ba + bg = a + 2ab + b
ba + bg = b b + a g
ba bg = ba bg ba bg = a 2ab + b
ba bg = b b a g
b a b g = ba + b g
ba b g ba + b g = a b
ba + bg = a + 3a b + 3ab + b
ba bg = a 3a b + 3ab b
a b = ba b g da + ab + b i
a + b = b a + b g d a ab + b i
ba + b + c g = a + b + c + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
Rm + n = pUV = a x + mf a x + nf
x + px + q = S
Tm n = q W
RSm + n = b UV
Tm n = a cW
2

an
= a n : a m = a n m
am

ba b c g = a b c
da i = a
FG a IJ = a
H bK b
FG a IJ = FG b IJ = b
H bK H a K a

n m
n

a0 = 1
a1 = a
1
a 1 =
a
1
an = n
a

= ax + mx + nx + c = . . .

TEL. 01-4578-431

M.I.M.-SRAGA

1
1999 / 2004

M I M SRAGA

ax + bx + c =

n m

a n : a m = a n m

a n a m = a n+ m

1999./2004.

n
n

100 Elementarnih zadataka

Autor:
MLADEN SRAGA
Grafika obrada
MLADEN SRAGA

Procijena i ocijena znanja

ako se spremate :
Za prijemne na sve
EKONOMSKE fakultete

Za prijemne na sve

0 50 = 0

TEHNIKE fakultete
0 50 = 0

51 75 = 1
76 85 = 2

51 81 = 1
82 86 = 2

86 91 = 3
92 95 = 4

87 90 = 3
91 94 = 4
95 100 = 5

96 100 = 5
Moj komentar:

ako ste dobili ocjenu 0 - hitno traite instruktora

ako ste dobili ocjenu 1 - trebali bi ozbiljno poeti vjebati
ako ste dobili ocjenu 2 - Vi znate neto ali ima tu puno rupa
ako ste dobili ocjenu 3 - dobro moete krenut na pripreme
ako ste dobili ocjenu 4 - vi ste spremni za zadatke sa prijemnih
ako ste dobili ocjenu 5 - odlino- vama zadaci s prijemnog
nebi trebali predstavljat problem

Prvo rijeite zadatke pa tek onda gledajte u rjeenja jer su tamo kompletno rijeeni....
Potpunu garanciju na zadatke i rjeenja daje: centar za dopisnu poduku M.I.M.-SRAGA -dakle sve to vam se
ini nejasno krivo ili sumnjivo - zovite 01-4578-431 ili 01-4579-130 i traite dodatne upute i objanjenja ...
Zadatci su u potpunosti na autorski rad , ako se neki zadatak ve pojavio u nekoj drugoj zbirci ...nije namjerno ponovljen s nae strane.

Centar za poduku M.I.M.-Sraga zadrava sva prava na komercijalno iskoritavanje ovih zadataka.
Svako kopiranje umnaanje za vlastite potrebe i potrebe poduke i nastave je dozvoljeno i dobrodolo.
Cijena ovih zadataka je 0 kn tj. besplatni su ...i tako treba i ostati...
Sve kritike i dobre i loe rado emo sasluati ...
javite nam se na tel. 01-4578-431 ili e-mailom : mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
2
M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

100 Elementarnih zadataka

STO ELEMENTARNIH ZADATAKA

KOJE BI SVI TREBALI ZNATI RIJEITI
Koristei ove formule trebali bi rijeiti zadane zadatke:

POTENCIJE

a a
n

a :a

n+ m

= a

= a nm

( abc )

(a )
n

((a )
n

= a n bn c n

a
b

a
b

= an m

= an m z

x 2 x3 =

2)

x2 x4 x6 =

3)

x 3 x2 x 2 =

4)

x4 : x2 =

5)

x7 : x 2 : x3 =

6)

x 7 x8 : x 9 =

7)

x8
=
x3

8)

(x )

an
= a n : a m = a nm
m
a
n

1)

an
= n
b

9)

bn
b
= = n
a
a
0
a = 1

10 )

a = a

11)

1
a
1
= n
a

a 1 =
an

1
n

a
a
a

m
n

m
n

1
n

1
n

am

6 2

5 3

13)

2 2 3
x y =
3

14 )

2 2 3
2
a b : 2ab
3

15)

x

y

16 )

x y
=
y x

17 )
18)

2
1
1
+
3
3
2

19 )

1
27 x y 2
3

20 )

1
y 0 21
2

y2
: 4 =
a

1
23 =
5
3

M I M SRAGA

4 5

1999 / 2004

=
2

y
3
a

(( ) ) =
(( x ) ) ( x ) =
(( x ) ) : ( x ) =
x3

( 2ab )

am

a2
3
y

m
n

1
n

12 )

an =

100 Elementarnih zadataka

21)

x2 =

POTENCIJE

a n a m = a n+ m
a n : a m = a nm
an
= a n : a m = a nm
am

( abc )

(a )
n

= a n bn c n

= an m

((a ) )
m

a
b

a
b

= a

23)

x3 =

24 )

25)

36 2 =

26 )

16 4 =

27 )

25 2
=
49

28)

16 4
=
81

29 )

64

49

30 )

9

16

1
a
1
= n
a

1
n

a
a
a

m
n

m
n

1
n

1
a

m
n

am
1

am

an b =
n

an b =

1
2

3
2

ab
n

a
b

32 )

3 3 9 =

33)

24 8 =

34 )

x 2 5 x3 =

35)

x5 : 6 x 2 =

4
M I M SRAGA

10 10 =

31)

KORIJENI
n

1
n

3
4

a 1 =

bn
b
= = n
a
a
0
a = 1

an =

nmz

an
= n
b

an

1
2

22 )

a1 = a

1999 / 2004

100 Elementarnih zadataka

Koristei formule koje smo upravo obradili i ove nove koje vam dajem ovdje rijeite sljedee zadatke:

36 )

( x + 3)

37 )

( 2x + 3y )

38 )

( 3x 4 y )

39 )

2 3
1
x+ y =
3
2

40 )

2 3 3 4
x y =
4
3

41)

(5x 6 y )

ALGEBARSKI IZRAZI

(a + b)

(a + b + c)

42 )

( 2a 3 y )

43)

( 2 x 5) ( 2 x + 5) =

44 )

2 2 4 3 2 2 4 3
x y x + y =
5 3
5
3

45)

( 3x

46 )

( x + 3)

47 )

( x + 2) ( x + 2) =

48)

( 2 y 3z )

49 )

1 1
+ x =
2 3

50 )

2 2 3 3
x y =
2
3

51)

( 3x

52 )

( x + y)

)(

y 3 z 4 4a 5 b 6 3 x 2 y 3 z 4 4 a 5 b 6 =
3

y3 2 z 4
3

( x y) =
3

5
M I M SRAGA

= ( a + b ) ( a + b ) = a 2 + 2ab + b 2

(a + b) = (b + a )
2
( a b ) = ( a b ) ( a b ) = a 2 2ab + b 2
2
2
(a b) = (b a )
2
2
( a b ) = ( a + b )
( a b ) ( a + b ) = a 2 b2
3
( a + b ) = a 3 + 3a 2 b + 3ab2 + b3
3
( a b ) = a 3 3a 2 b + 3ab 2 b 3
a 3 b 3 = ( a b ) ( a 2 + ab + b 2 )
a 3 + b 3 = ( a + b ) ( a 2 ab + b 2 )

1999 / 2004

= a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc

100 Elementarnih zadataka

Primjer:
27 x 3 8 y 6 = ?
rjeenje:

( ) = ( 3x ) ( 2 y ) = ( 3x 2 y ) ( ( 3x )

27 x 3 8 y 6 = 33 x 3 23 y 2

Prepoznaj:

+ 3x 2 y 2 + 2 y 2

a 3 b3 = ( a b ) a 2 + a b + b 2

a3 = ( 3x )

a = 3x

b3 = 2 y 2

b = 2 y2

)(

= 3x 2 y 2 9 x 2 + 6 xy 2 + 4 y 4

Koristi gornji primjer i ove formule rijei sljedee zadatke:

ALGEBARSKI IZRAZI

(
= (a + b) (a

a 3 b 3 = ( a b ) a 2 + ab + b 2
a 3 + b3

Rastavi na faktore:
53 )

x3 8 =

54 )

8 y 3 27 =

55 )

x 6 + 125 =

56 )

x6 y 6 =

57 )

1 3
y +1 =
27

58 )

64 x 9 y 6 + 125 z 3 =
6

M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

ab + b 2

)
)

)=

100 Elementarnih zadataka

(a + b + c)

Koristei se formulom
rijei sljedee zadatke:

59 )

( x + 2 y + 3)

60 )

( 2x + 3y + 4z )

61)

( 3 x + y 3)

= a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc

a 2 b2 = ( a b ) ( a + b )

Koristei se formulom:
rastavi na faktore:
62 )

x 2 16 =

63 )

4 y 2 36 x 2 =

64 )

1 4 25 6
x
y =
4
49

65 )

x4 y4 =

66 )

4 x2 y 4 z8 =

67 )

( x + y) ( x 2y)

68 )

36 x + y 2 16 ( x y ) =

7
M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

100 Elementarnih zadataka

a 2 + 2ab + b2 = ( a + b )

Koristei se formulama:

a 2 2ab + b2 = ( a b )

slijedee zadatke zapii u obliku kvadrata binoma:

69 )

9x2 + 6 y + y2 =

70)

4 x 2 20 xy + 25 y 2 =

71)

9 x 6 12 x 3 y 4 + 4 y 8 =

72 )

x4 + y6 + 2x2 y3 =

73 )

x 2 + 2 xy 4 y 8 =

74 )

1 2
a 3ab 2 + 9b 4 =
4
Kvadratni trinom
m + n = p
= ( x + m) ( x + n)
m n = q
m + n = b
2

= ax + mx + nx + c = ...
m n = a c

x + px + q =
2

ax + bx + c =

Koristei se gornjim formulama rastavi na faktore slijedee kvadratne trinome:

75)

x 2 + 2 x 15 =

76 )

3x 2 + x 2 =

77 )

x 2 x 12 =
8

M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

100 Elementarnih zadataka

Skrati razlomke koristei sve to smo izvjebali do sada:

78 )

4x 6 y
=
6x 9 y

79 )

x2 y2
=
x 2 + 2 xy + y 2

80 )

a 4 b4
=
a 2 2ab + b 2

81)

( x y)

y2 x2

Pogledaj u formule za ove brojnike u 81) i 82)

82 )

83 )

84 )

( y + x)

x4 y 4

x3 y 3
=
3x 2 3 y 2

x3 + y 3

( x + y)

85 )

3 x 2 + 18 x + 27
=
2 x 2 18

86 )

2 x 2 xy + 3 y 2
=
3 x 2 + 6 xy + 3 y 2

9
M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

100 Elementarnih zadataka

87 )

x+3 x2 x

+ =
2
3
4

87 )

1
2

=
x+2 x2

88 )

2
3
3x 2
+
2
=
x 1 x +1 x 1

89 )

1
1

=
y 3 ( y 3)2

90 )

1
y2

=
x2 + y 2
x4 y 4

91)

y
y

=
2
2
x y
( y x)
2

Izraunaj:

92 )

x 2 y 2 4 x 2 + 4 xy + 4 y 2

=
2
x3 y 3
( y + x)

93 )

x 4 y 4 x6 + 2 x3 y 3 + y 6

=
x3 + y 3
x4 + x2 y 2

94 )

2 x4 1
1
+
=

2
x + 1 x 1 9x 1

10
M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

100 Elementarnih zadataka

95 )

3x 2 y + 18 xy + 27 y
x2 9
:
=
6 x 2 y 24 y
x2 + 4x + 4

96 )

( x + y ) y 2 yx + 2 y 2
:
2
2
( x y ) z 2 xz yz z

97 )

1
3x 2 x3 + 2 x 2 + x
1

+
=

2
2
x 1 x + 1 x 1 6x 9x

98 )

1
y 1
=
1
1
y +1

99 )

1+ x
1 2x =
1+ x
1+
1 2x

100 )

x y x+ y

x+ y x y
=
4 x 2 y 3 4 xy
xy x + y 2 y

1+

11
M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

100 Elementarnih zadataka

Kompletna rjeenja s postupkom

1)

x 2 x3 = x 2+ 3 = x5

2)

x 2 x 4 x 6 = x 2+ 4+ 6 = x12

3)

x 3 x2 x 2 = x 3

4)

x 4 : x 2 = x 4 2 = x 2

5)

x 7 : x 2 : x 3 = x 7 2 3 = x 2

6)

x 7 x8 : x 9 = x 7 +89 = x 6

7)

x8
= x 8 : x 3 = x 83 = x 5
3
x

8)

(x )

9)
10 )

4 5

=x

2 2 + 2 6 + 5 3
3 2

6 2

= x 26 2 x 25 = x 24 x10 = x 24+10 = x 34

11)

(( x ) ) : ( x )

12 )

( 2ab )

13)

4
24
2 2 3
=
x2 y3
x
y

4
3
3

5 3

= x 253 : x 45 = x 30 : x 20 = x30 20 = x10

( )

= 23 a 3 b 2
4

14 )

31

= x6

= x3 45 = x 60

(( x ) ) ( x )
2

5
2

= x 2 3 = x 6

(( x ) )
3

+ 2+

= 8 a 3 b 23 = 8a 3b 6

( ) ( )

16 8 12
x y
81

( ))

2
3
3
2
23
8 6 9
2 2 3
2
a
b
ab
=
a 2 b3 : 22 a 2 b 2
=
a b : 4 a 2 b4 =
:
2

3
3
3
27

8 a 6 b9
1
4 2 a 2 a 4 b 4 b5
1
2 a 4 b5
=

=
27
4 a 2 b4
27
4 a 2 b4
27
1

( ) ( )

15)

x

y

16 )

3
x y
y 2 y3
y 2+3
y5
y y

=
=

3
x 2 x3
x 2+ 3
x5
x x
y x

17 )

a2
3
y

y
x

( ) y :( y )
( ) (a ) (a )

2
2 2
a2
y y
3 : 4 =
a a
y3

a 6 y 2 y 4 a 6 y 2 a8
:
= 9 6 4 =
y 9 a 6 a8
y a y

y 2 a8
a8
a8
= 9 2 2 = 9+ 2 = 11
y y y
y
y
1

3 3 2
3
3
3+ 2 5
= + = + 9 8 = +1 =
=
2 1 1
2
2
2
2

18)

2
1
1
+
3
3
2

19 )

1
27 x y 2
3

20 )

1 1 5 1
1 5 1
5
1 1
=
y 2 23 = 1 3 =
2 2 1 2
2 2 8 32
2 5

= 111 2

3
= 23 = 6
1

12
M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

100 Elementarnih zadataka

21 )
22 )

x2 =

1
2

x
23 )

24 )

2
3

x =x

3
4

1
2
1
3

3
4

1
x

( )

= x2

1
3

1
1
3 4

(x )

x2
1
x3

25 )

36 2 = 36 = 62 = 6

26 )

16 4 = 4 16 =

27 )

25 2
=
49

28 )

16 4 4 16
=
=
81
81

29 )

64

49

24 = 2

25
=
49

25 5
=
49 7

30 )

9

16

1
2

3
2

24
2
2
= 4 =
4
3
3
3

49 2
= =
64

49
=
64

3
2

49 7
=
64 8
3

3
2

4 2 2 4 2 2 4 3 43 64
4
16
= = 2 = = = = 3 =
3
3
27
9
3
3
3

10 10 = 10 10 = 102 = 10

31 )
32 )

3 3 9 = 3 39 =

33 )

24 8 =

34 )

x 2 5 x3 =

x 2 x3 =

x5 = x

35 )

x5 : 6 x =

x5 : x 2 =

x 5 2 =

27 = 3 33 = 3

2 8 = 4 16 =

24 = 2

x3 =

2 3

x3 =
13

M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

x =

100 Elementarnih zadataka

36 )

( x + 3)

37 )

(2x + 3y )

= ( 2 x ) + 2 2 x 3 y + ( 3 y ) = 22 x 2 + 12 xy + 32 y 2 = 4 x 2 + 12 xy + 9 y 2

38)

( 3x 4 y )

= ( 3 x ) 2 3x 4 y + ( 4 y ) = 32 x 2 24 xy + 42 y 2 = 9 x 2 24 xy + 16 y 2

39 )

2 3
1 2 3 2 3
12 2 2 3 22 3
1
1
x + y = x + 2 x y + y = 2 x + xy + 2 y
3
2 3
3
3
2
2
2
3

40 )

2 3 3 4 3 4
22 3
2 3 3 4
2 3
x y = x 2 x y + y = 2 x
4
3
4
3
3
3
4

= x + 2 x 3 + 3 = x + 6x + 9
2

( )

( )

42 )

( 2 a 3 y )

43)

( 2 x 5) ( 2 x + 5) = ( 2 x )

44 )

22 2
2 2 4 3 2 2 4 3 2 2 4 3
x y x + y = x y = 2 x
5 3
5 3 5
3
3

45)

( 3x

(5x 6 y )

(5x )

2 5x 6 y + ( 6 y )

( )

) = 4a

+ 12ay + 9 y 2

52 = 22 x 2 25 = 4 x 2 25

)(

) (

= 32
46 )

( x + 3)

47 )

( x + 2) ( x + 2) = ( x + 2) ( x + 2)

48)

( 2 y 3z )

( )

42 3
y
52

( )

) ( 4a b ) =
( x ) ( y ) ( z ) 4 ( a ) (b )
2

y 3 z 4 4a 5 b 6 3 x 2 y 3 z 4 4 a 5 b 6 = 3 x 2 y 3 z 4

2 2 3 3 4 32 3
x y + 2 x
3 4
4

= ( 1 ( 2a + 3 y ) ) = ( 1) ( 2a + 3 y ) = 1 ( 2a ) + 2 2a 3 y + ( 3 y )

1 2 2 3 4 6
x + xy + y
4
3
9

1
25 x 60 xy + 36 y 2

(5x 6 y )

4 6
9
x x3 y 4 + y8
9
16

41)

5 6

4 4 16 6
x
y
9
25

= 9 x 4 y 6 z 8 16a10 b12

= x 3 + 3 x 2 3 + 3 x 32 + 33 = x 3 + 9 x 2 + 3 9 x + 27 = x3 + 9 x 2 + 27 x + 27

= ( x + 2)

2 +1

= ( x + 2 ) = x3 + 3 x 2 2 + 3 x 22 + 23 = x3 + 6 x 2 + 12 x + 8
3

= ( 2 y ) 3 ( 2 y ) 3 z + 3 2 y ( 3z ) ( 3 z ) = 23 y 3 9 22 y 2 z + 6 y 32 z 2 33 z 3 =
3

= 8 y 3 36 y 2 z + 54 yz 2 27 z 3
3

49 )

1 1 1
13
1 1
1 1 2 13 3
1 1
1
1 1
+ x = + 3 x + 3 x + x = 3 + 3 x + 3 x + 3 x =
2 3 3
4 3
2 9
2
3
2 3
2
2 3
=

( )

( )

50 )

2 2 3 3
2 2
2 2
x y = x 3 x
2
3
3
3
3
23
22
= 3 x2 3 2 x2
3
3
=

51)

( 3x

y3 2 z 4

1 1
1
1 3
+ x + x2 +
x
8 4
6
27
2

3
2
3 3
y3 + 3 x2 y3 y3 =
2
3
2 2
2
2 3
2
3
3
33
y3 + 2 x2 2 y3 3 y3 =
2
2
2

( )

( )

8 6
9
27 9
x 2 x4 y3 + x2 y 6
y
27
2
8

) = ( 3x y ) 3 ( 3x y ) 2 z + 3 3x y ( 2 z ) ( 2 z ) =
= 3 ( x ) ( y ) 3 2 9 ( x ) ( y ) z + 9 x y 4 ( z ) 2 ( z )
3

= 27 x y 54 x y + 36 x y z 8 z
6

52 )

( x + y)

3 8

12

( x y ) = x3 + 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 + y 3 x3 3 x 2 y + 3 xy 2 y 3 =
3

= x + 3x y + 3 xy + y x + 3x y 3xy + y = 6 x 2 y + 2 y 3
3

14
M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

100 Elementarnih zadataka

15
M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

100 Elementarnih zadataka

16
M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

100 Elementarnih zadataka

17
M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

100 Elementarnih zadataka

18
M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

100 Elementarnih zadataka

19
M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

100 Elementarnih zadataka

20
M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004

100 Elementarnih zadataka

Ovo su uglavnom zadaci iz PRVOG razreda gimnazije oni rijetko dolaze u ovom obliku, ve su
sastavni dio teih zadataka ali ako ih ne znate rijeiti neete znati niti rijeiti zadatke kojih su oni
dio
Na prijedlog provjebajte ih koristit e Vam !!!!!!
U zadnjih 10-godina na Eko prijemnom bio je barem po jedan zadatak ovog tipa.
Na TEH-fakultetima ovi zadatci dolaze uvijek u kombinaciji sa jo neim..
Mogue da je jedan zadatak krivo rijeen ako ga pronaete javite nam: mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr

Ako ne vidite dobro tekst od 15-20 strane zum namjestite na 150%

21
M I M SRAGA

1999 / 2004