15th Philippine Mathematical Olympiad

Area Stage
17 November 2012
Part I. No solution is needed. All answers must be in simplest form. Each correct answer
is worth three points.
z4 + 1
i
= .
4
z 1
3
2012
6
2. Find the remainder if (2001)
is divided by 10 .
1
3. If z 3 1 = 0 and z 6= 1, find the value of z + + 4.
z
4. Find the equation of the line that contains the point (1, 0), that is of least positive
slope, and that does not intersect the curve 4x2 y 2 8x = 12.
1. Find all complex numbers z such that

5. Consider a function f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, a > 0 with two distinct roots a distance p
apart. By how much, in terms of a, b, c should the function be translated downwards
so that the distance between the roots becomes 2p?
6. Find the equation of a circle, in the form (x h)2 + (y k)2 = r2 , inscribed in a
triangle whose vertex are located at the points (2, 1), (2, 5), (5, 2).

2012 
X
ax
i
7. Define f (x) = x for any a > 0. Evaluate
f
.
2013
a + a
i=1
1 1 1
8. Let 3x, 4y, 5z form a geometric sequence while , , form an arithmetic sequence.
x y z
x z
Find the value of + .
z x
9. Consider an acute triangle with angles , , opposite the sides a, b, c, respec5
a2 + b 2 c 2
3
.
tively. If sin = and cos = , evaluate
5
13
ab
10. A change from Cartesian to polar coordinates involves the following
 transformation:

m
x = r cos and y = r sin . For a circle with polar equation r =
cos , where
n
1 n m 6, how many distinct combinations of m and n will this equation
represent a circle of radius greater than or equal to 5?
11. Let f be a polynomial function that satisfies f (x 5) = 3x2 + 45x 108. Find the
roots of f (x).
12. Six boy-girl pairs are to be formed from a group of six boys and six girls. In how
many ways can this be done?

13. From the xy-plane, select five distinct points that have integer coordinates. Find the
probability that there is a pair of points among the five whose midpoint has integer
coordinates.
q
14. Given that tan + cot = 4, find sec2 + csc2 12 sec csc .
15. There are 100 people in a room. 60 of them claim to be good at math, but only 50
are actually good at math. If 30 of them correctly deny that they are good at math,
how many people are good at math but refuse to admit it?
16. Find the value of p, where,
p=

162 9 162 16
162 64
162 4

.
18 13 19 12
20 11
24 7

17. The number x is chosen randomly from the interval (0, 1]. Define y = dlog4 xe. Find
the sum of the lengths of all subintervals of (0, 1] for which y is odd. For any real
number a, dae is defined as the smallest integer not less than a.
18. Find the value/s of k so that the inequality k(x2 + 6x k)(x2 + x 12) > 0 has
solution set (4, 3).
19. A sequence of numbers is defined using the relation
an = an1 + 6an2
where a1 = 2, a2 = 1. Find a100 + 3a99 .
20. Define the following operation for real numbers: a ? b = ab + a + b. If x ? y = 11,
y ? z = 4, and x ? z = 5. What is the difference between the maximum and
minimum elements of the solution set {x, y, z}?
Part II. Show the solution to each item. Each complete and correct solution is worth ten
points.
1. If x + y + xy = 1, where x, y are nonzero real numbers, find the value of
xy +

y x
1
.
xy x y

2. The quartic (4th-degree) polynomial P (x) satisfies P (1) = 0 and attains its maximum
value of 3 at both x = 2 and x = 3. Compute P (5).
3. Let v(X) be the sum of elements of a nonempty finite set X, where X is a set of
numbers. Calculate the sum of all numbers v(X) where X ranges over all nonempty
subsets of the set {1, 2, 3, ..., 16}.