----By----

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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A sentence is consisted of the following parts.

SUBJECT, HELPING VERB, VERB, OBJECT

Example: He is going to school

They drink water
Subject
He
They

Helping Verb
Is
-

Verb
Going
Drink

Object
To school
Water

A sentence is of four types:

+ve (assertive)
Example:

+ve =>
-ve=>
?=>
-ve ?=>

-ve

? (interrogative)

-ve , ?

I am working.
I am not working.
Am I working?
Am I not working ?

Subject: ) sub subject

)
Sub1 => He, She, It and singular name/thing.
Sub2 => I, We, You, They and Plural name/thing.
Verb:
There are three forms of the verbs. 1st , 2nd , 3rd.
(Let suppose the 4th type is -ing type)
Example:
1st
2nd
3rd
Work
Worked
Worked
Leave
Left
Left

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

4th
Working
Leaving

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TENSES

Types of tenses
TENSES
PRESENT ()

PAST ()

21

There are 12 tenses at all.

1) PRESENT indefinite tense

2) PRESENT continuous tense

3) PRESENT perfect tense

4) PRESENT perfect continuous tense

5) PAST indefinite tense

6) PAST continuous tense

7) PAST perfect tense

8) PAST perfect continuous tense

9) FUTURE indefinite tense

10) FUTURE continuous tense

11) FUTURE perfect tense

12) FUTURE perfect continuous tense

FUTURE ()

-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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1) PRESENT indefinite tense

" " "" """ "" ":

Structure )(
+ve :

sub1 + 1st verb (s/es) + obj.

Sub2 + 1st verb + obj.

-ve :

sub1 + does not + 1st verb + obj.

Sub2 + do not

? :

+ 1st verb + obj.

does + subj1 + 1st verb + obj ?

Do + subj2 + 1st verb + obj ?

-ve ? :

does + subj1 +not + 1st verb + obj ?

Do + subj2 +not + 1st verb + obj ?

Examples:
+ve:

-ve:

?:

He eats meal.

I eat meal.

He does not eat meal.

I do not eat meal.

Does he eat meal?

Do I eat meal?

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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-ve?

Does he not eat meal?

Do I not eat meal?

2) PRESENT continuous tense

" " "" "" " "" ":

Structure )(
+ve :

sub1 +is/am/are + 1st verb(ing) + obj.

-ve :

sub1 + is/am/are+not+1st verb(ing)+ obj.

? :

Is/am/are + subj1 + 1st verb(ing) + obj ?

-ve ? :

is/am/are + subj1 +not + 1st verb(ing) + obj ?

(Keep remember)
I am
We, you, they (plural thing) are
He, she, it (singular thing) is

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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Examples:
+ve:

He is sleeping.

I am eating meal.
-ve:

They are not eating meal.

I am not eating meal.

?:

Is he eating meal?

Am I eating meal?
-ve?

Are they not eating meal?

Am I not eating meal?

3) PRESENT perfect tense

" " " """" """ "" " :

Structure )(
+ve :

sub1 +has/have + 3rd verb + obj.

-ve

sub1 +has/have +not+ 3rd verb + obj.

? :
-ve ? :

has/have +sub1 + 3rd verb + obj?

has/have + subj1 +not + 3rd verb + obj ?

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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(Keep remember)
I,We, you, they (plural thing) have
He, she, it (singular thing) has
Examples:
+ve:

He has slept.
I have eaten meal.

-ve:

?:

They have not eaten meal.

I have not eaten meal.

Has he eaten meal?

Have I eaten meal?

-ve? Have they not eaten meal?
Have I not eaten meal?

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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4) PRESENT perfect continuous tense

" " "" "" " "" ":1

" " "" "" " "" ":2

Structure )(
+ve :

sub1 +has/have +been+ 1st verb(ing) + obj.

-ve

sub1 +has/have +not+been+ 1st verb(ing) + obj.

? :
-ve ? :

has/have +sub1 +been+ 1st verb(ing) + obj ?

has/have + subj1 +not +been+ 1st verb(ing) + obj ?

(Point to remember in case of time)

For period of time for
For fixed(point) time since
Example:
(period of time)
( four year is period of time)
(Fixed time)
( morning is fixed or pointed time)
( 5o clock is fixed or pointed time)

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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Examples:
+ve:

I have been eating meal.

He has been sleeping since morning.

-ve:

They have not been eating meal.

I have not been sleeping since 8oclock.

?:

Has he been eating meal?

Have I been eating meal ?

-ve?

Have they not been eating meal?

Have I not been eating meal?

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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5) PAST indefinite tense

"" """"""""" ":

Structure )(
+ve :

sub + 2nd verb + obj.

-ve :

sub + did not + 1st verb + obj.

? :

did+ subj + 1st verb + obj ?

-ve ? :

did+ subj +not + 1st verb + obj ?

Examples:

+ve:

I ate meal.
He went to school.

-ve:

I did not eat meal.

He did not go to school.

?:

-ve?

Did I eat meal ?

Did he go to school?

Did I not eat meal?

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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6) PAST continuous tense

" " """""" ":

Structure )(
+ve :

sub +was/were + 1st verb(ing) + obj.

-ve :

sub + was/were +not+ 1st verb(ing) + obj.

? :

was/were + subj + 1st verb(ing) + obj ?

-ve ? :

was/were + subj +not + 1st verb(ing) + obj ?

Examples:
+ve:

-ve:

She was sleeping.

I was eating meal.

They were not eating meal.

I was not eating meal.

?:

-ve?

Was he eating meal?

Was I eating meal?

Were they not eating meal?

Was I not eating meal?

(Keep remember)
I was
We, you, they (plural thing) were
He, she, it (singular thing) was

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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(7) PRESENT perfect tense

" """"" """ ":

Structure )(
+ve :

sub +had + 3rd verb + obj.

-ve

sub +had +not+ 3rd verb + obj.

? :
-ve ? :

had +sub + 3rd verb + obj?

had + subj +not + 3rd verb + obj ?
Examples:

+ve:

He had slept.
I had eaten meal.

-ve:

They had not eaten meal.

I had not eaten meal.

?:

Had he eaten meal?

Had I eaten meal?

-ve? Had they not eaten meal?

Had I not eaten meal?

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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8) Past perfect continuous tense

"" """" """ ":1

"" """""""" ":2

Structure )(
+ve :

sub1 +had +been+ 1st verb(ing) + obj.

-ve

sub1 +had +not+been+ 1st verb(ing) + obj.

? :
-ve ? :

had +sub1 +been+ 1st verb(ing) + obj ?

had + subj1 +not +been+ 1st verb(ing) + obj ?

(Point to remember in case of time)

For period of time for
For fixed(point) time since
Example:
(period of time)
( four year is period of time)
(Fixed time)
( morning is fixed or pointed time)
( 5o clock is fixed or pointed time)

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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Examples:
+ve:

I had been eating meal.

He had been sleeping since morning.

-ve:

?:

They had not been eating meal.

I had not been sleeping since 8 oclock.

Had he been eating meal?

Had I been eating meal ?

-ve?

Had they not been eating meal?

Had I not been eating meal?

9) Future indefinite tense

" " "" """ "" ":

Structure )(
+ve :

sub + shall/will+1st verb + obj.

-ve :

sub + will not/shall not + 1st verb + obj.

? :

Shall/will + subj1 + 1st verb + obj ?

-ve ? :

Shall/will + subj1 +not + 1st verb + obj ?

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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Examples:
+ve:

-ve:

He will eat meal.

I shall eat meal.

I shall not go to Krachi.

?:

-ve?

He will go to school.

Will he get fat?

Will I take a shower/bath?

Will he fall?

Will I study?

10) Future continuous tense

" " "" "" "" " " :

Structure )(
+ve :

sub1 +will be/shall be + 1st verb(ing) + obj.

-ve :

sub1 + will /shall+ not + be +1st verb(ing)+ obj.

? :

Shall/Will + subj1 +be+ 1st verb(ing) + obj ?

-ve ? :

Shall/Will + subj1 +not + be + 1st verb(ing) + obj ?

(Keep remember)
I , We Shall
You, they, He, She, It will

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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Examples:
+ve:

-ve:

He will be sleeping.

I shall be eating meal.

They shall not be eating meal.

I shall not be eating meal.

?:

Shall he be eating meal?

Shall I be eating meal?

-ve?

Will they not be eating meal?

Shall I not be eating meal

11) Future perfect tense

" "" "" "" "" "" " " :

Structure )(
+ve :

sub1 +will/shall + have + 3rd verb + obj.

-ve

sub1 +shall/will+have +not+ 3rd verb + obj.

? :
-ve ? :

Shall/will +sub1+ have + 3rd verb + obj?

Shall/Will + subj1 +have +not + 3rd verb + obj ?

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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Examples:
+ve:

He has slept.

I have eaten meal.

-ve:

?:

-ve?

They have not eaten meal.

I have not eaten meal.

Has he eaten meal?

Have I eaten meal?

Have they not eaten meal?

Have I not eaten meal?

12) Future perfect continuous tense

" " "" "" "" " " :1

" " "" "" "" " " :2

Structure )(
+ve :

sub1 +shall/will+ have +been+ 1st verb(ing) + obj.

-ve

sub1 +shall/will + have +not+been+ 1st verb(ing) + obj.

? :
-ve ? :

Shall/Will +sub1 +have + been+ 1st verb(ing) + obj ?

Shall/will + subj1 + have +not +been+ 1st verb(ing) + obj ?

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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(Point to remember in case of time)

For period of time for
For fixed(point) time since
Example:
(period of time)
( four year is period of time)
(Fixed time)
( morning is fixed or pointed time)
( 5o clock is fixed or pointed time)

Examples:
+ve:

I shall have been eating meal.

He will have been sleeping since morning.

-ve:

They will have not been eating meal.

I shall have not been sleeping since 8oclock.

?:

Will he been going school?

Shall I have been bathing?

-ve?

Will they not been eating meal?

Shall I not have been eating meal?

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Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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For any suggestion contact

Email at Saeed.anwar95@yahoo.com
Cell # :

03325526138

Saeed anwar khan

__________________

Dedicated to my dear Sir SAJID IQBAL KHAN

(Govt. comprehensive high school Mianwali)

Saeed anwar khan (electronics engineer UETTAXILA)

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