ye THE SHAPING MACHINE CHAPTER 10 The Lathe as Shaping Machine ‘There are sometimes small jobs of a character akin to shaping that might with advantage be carried out with the work still mounted in the lathe, The cutting of an internal keyway is an example in point. ‘This is an operation that may be performed with a suitably shaped tool caught in a boring bar mounted on the lathe top-slide. ‘The tool is set on the centre line of the lathe and pulled through the work by moving the saddle along the lathe bed, the depth of cut being con- trolled by the cross-stide feed screw. The process is analagous to the treatment already described when dealing with the cutting of keyways in the shaping machine. ‘The simple set up is depicted in Fig. 1. ‘The use of the lathe saddle alone limits the operator to keyways parallel with the axis of the lathe. It is therefore better to use the top slide for imparting movement to the cutting tool; in this way keyways on the taper can be formed when needed by simply turning the slide to the desired angle. AAs before, the cross-slide feed screw controls the depth of cut which in the interests of comfortable ‘working should be limited to some 0.00r to 0.002 in. per stroke Fig.1 Simple set up for keyway cutting — WORK | / CUTTER DIRECTION OF CUT ‘THE LATHE AS SHAPING MACHINE 93 Fig. 2 Shaping equipment fitted to a Winfield Lathe ‘The equipment illustrated in Fig. 2 was onee fitted to a Winfield lathe, the forerunner of the Myford produets incidentally, and has since been modified for use on a ML 7 lathe. "The attachment consists of but few parts. ‘These are the fulcrum plate A supporting the operating lever B and a conneeting rod C attached to the lever and the top slide by suitable fitments. As Fig. Parts of the equipment i asso4 THE SHAPING MACHINE Fig. 4 Change Wheel and Detent Fitted to the ML 10 Lathe depicted in Fig. 3, the clamp mounted on the lever is adjustable for position and enables both the stroke and the leverage obtainable to be varied at will ‘The connection to the top slide is by means of a fork attached to the slide in place of the feed crow, which ie, of course, removed when the device is used. When the top slide is of substantial construction it may be possible to mount improvised fittings that will allow a tool to be secured vertically and fed to the work under controlled conditions. In this Fig. 4A Details of the Mandrel Extension ‘aig'ow sagan IE LATHE AS SHAPING MACHINE 95 ©) Fig. 4B Alternative forms of Mandrel Extension way such work as the forming of simple flat surfaces on components, ‘or the squaring of the ends of shafts, ean be carried out as required Such operations of course call for the use of dividing equipment, however, simple, that may be attached to the lathe and the number of divisions required are few. ‘The easiest way to ensure accurate Fig.7 Holder for keyway cutting tool Fig. 5 Shaping equipment Fig. 6 Component with feted to a Drummond Lathe Opposing Keyways96 THE SHAPING MACHINE Fig. 8 Machining a transverse slot in the Drummond Lathe dividing in the lathe is to make use of a change wheel having a number of tecth that can be divided equally by the number of divi sions required As only 2, 4 and possibly 6 divisions are needed, cither a 40-tooth or a 6o-tooth change wheel will suffice. In practice the change wheel is mounted on an extension to the lathe mandrel itself. A typical arrangement is depicted in the illustration Fig. 4, MLio. Here the change wheel is mounted on an adapter having a Fig. 9 Sct up for cutting a ring Gear in the lathe THE LATHE AS SHAPING MAC! INE 7 spigot that is made a push fit in the mandrel ard is expanded by a tapered bolt that causes the adapter to grip both the bore of the hollow mandrel and the change wheel simultaneously A detent, attached to the change cover on the lathe, engaged the indexing wheel which is marked off at the correct intervals for the number of divisions required For example, let us suppose that four separate areas of machining have to be carried out, al at right angles to one another; then, asstiming a 40-tooth wheel is being used for indexing, every tenth tooth space will be marked and the detent engaged with each mark in turn as the machining proceeds. The details of the mandrel extension are given in the drawing Fig. 4A. The particular extension shown is one fitted by the author to the Myford MLro lathe. However, the information given on the drawing should enable any reader interested to work out for himself any modifications needed to adapt the device to another make of lathe. ‘An exploded view of a similar mandrel extension is given in the right hand illustration of Fig. 4B. ‘The extension depicted in the upper illustration is a rather more advanced device providing means of expanding the seating for the change wheel as that of the extension adapter as a whole. ‘An interesting, somewhat improvised, set up applied to a 33 in Drummond lathe is illustrated in Fig. 5. The shaping equipment is 10. Close-up of the work98 THE SHAPING MACHINE depicted machining the opposing keyways in the component seen in Fig. 6. The tool used is mounted in the holder illustrated in Fig. 7 and is of a type referred to carlier in the chapter. “Those readers who know the Drummond lathe well will not need reminding of the essential sturdiness of many of its component parts. "This is particularly true of the top slide which is a robust and well engineered unit having in addition, a form of tool clamp, that makes tool height adjustment a simple and rapid procedure. For this reason the Drummond top slide has much versatility, as may be gathered from the illustration Fig. 8. Index ‘Acorn Tools Power Shaper, 26, 34 ‘com Tools “Shaper” Too! “Stide, 2 Acom Tools Vive, 67, 68 ‘Aasitions ta the Machines 43, 53, ‘Ajusting “the Ram Bos A Adjusting the Ram Stroke, 28, 29 ‘Adjustment, Connecting Rody 48 ‘Adjustment, Work Table, 32 ‘American’ Pattern Clapper Box, 12, 7 American Pattern ‘Tool Holder, 19 ‘Angle Pate, 15 Angles, Cleissnce and Rake, 38 Angular Rest, so-s7 ‘Apron, 28 Arm, Driving, 48 ‘Automatic Feed, 9,22, 24 ‘Automatic Feed Detent, $3 ‘Automatic Feed, Drummond, 19, 27 Automatic Feed, “Too! 'S “40-53, Automatic Work Table Feed, 31-32 Bed, 21 Bench Grinder, Electric, 56 Bench Shaper, Drummond, 28 Benching, Weoden, 61-63 Blocks, V, 89-00 Bolts, -Sloe, 33 Box, American Pattern Clapper, 12 Box Bed, 24 Box, Clapper, 10-11, 22,21, 42 "Hox, English Batten Clapper, 12 Bos, Locking the Clapper, ty Bracket, Quadeune Gear, 49° 3¢ Bracket) Rack, 1-53, Brenkage, ToS, 78,77 Checking » Second data Vice, 72 Gheulor Pitch, 87 7 Chsppes 13 Clapper ‘Box, 30-11, 13, 17, a8, 242 Clapicr Box, Lacking the, 38 Clenrance and Rake Anges, 38 Clement, Joseph, 8 Clutch, Bog, 24 Connecting Plugs Correctly, 66 Gonnectinat Rod, 47-48 Connecting Rod Adjustment, 8 (Cranis, Diss, 28 Crank, Overbang, 28 Deteng, Automatic Feed, 53 Dial Indicator, 79 ise Crank, 26 Bog Cates, 2+ Drirsmond Automate Feed, 29 Drummond Bench Shaper, #8 Brammond Machine Vice, 19 ‘Belipse: Machine Vice, 77 Feipse’ Mageetie Bas, 79-80 Electric Motor Drive, 33-35 Electrical Installation, 85-86 Besttng Ga, Wonk Table 22 nigh Patter Clapper Boxy 12 English Potters Tool Holder, 9 Extension, Mandrel, 96 External Keyways, ‘Tool for, 40 Feed, Autor, 9, 23,24 eed’ Screw 13,22 rod Screw Hindle, 44-45, erto Concrete Said, 63-64 Bed Head Shapers 18 Gear, Quadeset 47-48 Gib Binp Lact Screws, 45 Grinding ape Honing, 3-57 Grinding Swan-necked Tool, 57 Grinding Tungsten Carbide. Tools, 2 Gainding Wheels, 58-50 Ground Steel Toots and Power Machines Handle, Feed Seresy, 4445, High-Speed Steel Tools, $5 Installation, Flectrical, 65°86 stalling the Machine, 61-05, Intemal Keyway ‘Tool, 40 Jack Serew, 21 Jack, Thruse, 52 Key"way Cuttng Tools, 27-40 Kepways, Cutting 84-83, 92 ree, 8 tz, 18 Rie Tools, 36 Lanter, 12,15 athe at Shaping Machine, the 92-98 Tock Screws, Gib stip, 45 Lacking the Capper Boxy 38 Mirchine, Additions to the, 43-53 Machine, Instaling the, 61-05 Machine, Levelling the, 61-60 Machine’ Sides, Shaping. 91 Machine Viee, is Machine Viee, Atomn ‘Tools, 67-68INDEX Machine Viee, Drummond, 19 Machine Vice he Eline! 9 Machine Vice, The 'Mytordy pe Machine Vice, The ‘Oflens 6g” Machine Vice ‘Perfecto, 869 Machine Vice. Securing the 7) Machine View. Serting they'3g-80 Machines, Hend Bower, 15-33 ‘Machines, Power Driven, 33-34 ‘Machining the end of Shatle, -83 Magnets Pot Mandrel Extension, 96 Metinis, Richard 5 Motor Déive Blectno) 33-34 Mounting the Worl 67-08 Murray, Matthew, 8 ‘Mylord Machine Vice 71 ‘Oflen! Machine Vice, 69-50 Operating Speeds, 26 Overhung Crank 28 Parse o¢ PauleandcMatchet System, 46 Perlccto Hand Shapers 21-32 Perfecto Machine Vice, 88-69 Perlect Power Shaper, 4-26 Poh, Citealar, 87 Plate! Ana, 1s Bot Magnets, So Power Driven Machines, 23-34 Power Shaper, Acorn Tools, 28-24 Quant Sess e748 Quadrant Gear Hacker, 49-1 Rees, 4749. Rack theckes, 51-53 Ricks Curing oto Ram, 8 9, 517,289 34,28, 32 Ra Patios Atte, 380 Ratchet, 20 Ratchet Link, 18,19 Ratchet Whedl, 95 Ret, Angular Grinding, 56-57 Robre Richerd, Roni, Connecting” 47-48 Roughing Out Fadl $ony7 Saddle ao, 21 Bawing ‘Tools, 42 Screws Feed, ib 22 Sere Jacky 11 Sere Len ty Seconitshand Vice, Checking a 71-74 Securing the Machine Vice, 73 Scieacs, the Servicing the Toots, 4,60 Setting the Machine Vice, 70-80 Shafts, Machining the ends of 81-85, Shafts, Squaring the endo of bo Se Shaper, Fixed Head, x8 Shaping Machine, Cowell, 19-23 ping Machine, the’ Lathe a 2-08 Shiping Machine Sides, 0: Shaping Machine Tools” 35-42 Slide, Tool org, 14, 19,31 Special Purpose Favls 39-42 Speeds, Cutng, 34 Speeds, Grinding Whee, 59 speeds, Operating, 26, ands, Fermo Concrete, 62-64 trike, 18) 0 Surface Finishing Toot, 38 Swancneched Tools 33 Table, Work, 1112 Thrust Jack 32 Tools Ground Sts, 75 Tool Holder, American Baten, 19 ‘Tool Holder Baeish Batcern 1 ‘Tool, Kerway Cating ‘Tool, Knife, 36 ‘Tool, Roughing Ou, 36-37 Tool'Stales 9-10, 10, Pr 3h 43 Tool "Slide, “Autoinate "Feed for, “ss Todke: Cran, 36, Tools, Grindig Swan-neckes Tools, High-Speed Stee, Tools, Sawing 42 Tool Servicing the, 54-60 ‘Tools; Shaping Machine, 35~42 ‘Tools, Special Purpose 39542 Tools, Surface-Finahingy a8 ‘Poole Swamcneckes, 3 TiS. 7578 [Slr bak, 95 Slot Breakage. 75, Sor Mahi, ‘Tungsten Carbide 55 Tungsten Carbide” *Toels, Grinding 7 <0 VBlocks, 89-90 Vice, Aeoen Tools Machine, 67-68 Vice! Checking a Second-hand, 71-74 Vice, elipse™ Machine, 71 Vice, Machine, 13 Vice, ‘Myford’ Machine, 72 Vice, ‘Often’ Machine, 69-70 Wheel, Ratche, 33 Wheels, Grinding: 8-50 Wheels; Grinding Speeds, 50 Whitworth, Joseph, & Wooden Benching, 61-62 Work, Mounting the 67-78 Work’ Table, vinra, ae Work Table Feed, Automatic, 31-32 Work Table Adjustment, 32, ‘Work Table Blevatg Gear, 32