xut mt s phng n hnh thnh mng pht hnh s khu

vc ng bng Bc B
TS. Phm c Bi
Truyn hnh s (Digital Television) vi nhng tnh nng u vit v cht lng, kh nng
chuyn ti chng trnh, tit kim ph tn s v.v v ang c hu ht cc quc gia
trn th gii s dng nhm thay th dn truyn hnh (TH) tng t (Analogue
Television).
Bi vit ny xut mt s phng n hnh thnh mng pht hnh s khu vc ng
bng Bc B vi mc tiu thc hin nhanh v hiu qu quy hoch v mng truyn hnh s
mt t.
Theo thng tin t trang web http://www.digitag.org/ th cc nc trn th gii bt u
thc hin chng trnh s ha TH t khong nm 2000. n nay c mt s nc hon
tt chng trnh s ha truyn hnh (Thy in, Phn Lan, Thy S, c v.v...), cc nc
khc nh , Php, Cng ha Sc, Slovak, Nauy, o v.v... s hon tt chng trnh ny t
2010 cho n 2015.
Vit Nam, Tng cng ty Truyn thng
a phng tin (VTC) l n v u tin
c Chnh ph cho php th nghim
pht truyn hnh s gn 10 nm, v
n nay c rt nhiu knh truyn hnh
k thut s pht khp cc a phng.
Hin nay, cc i pht TH ca Vit Nam
ang pht cc chng trnh TH k thut
s theo tiu chun DVB-T. Nc ta
quyt nh chn pht hnh s mt t vo
ngy 26/3/2001, nhng thc t pht
th nghim ti Lc Trung H Ni t
thng 12/2000. Vo trang web
truyenhinhso.vtc.vn chng ta nhn thy mng pht hnh s rt rng. Ring khu vc
TP. HCM v Bnh Dng ln cn c 5 knh tn s pht DVB-T: 2 knh 56 v 57 ca
VTC, knh 25 ca HTV, 2 knh 50 v 53 ca Bnh Dng. phc v ng bo vng
su vng xa, bin gii v hi o, VTC v ang trin khai thm nhiu trm pht sng
chuyn tip tn hiu truyn hnh s mt t H Tnh, Ngh An, Yn Bi, Thi Nguyn,
Sn La v.v... VTC ang thit lp kh hon chnh mng pht hnh s, thc hin nn
MPEG-2 vi tng s 28 chng trnh truyn hnh (c thu ph v khng thu ph) v 2
chng trnh pht thanh. Hu nh VTC ch yu pht 2 knh lin k trn mt my pht
bn dn.
V pha Chnh ph, t thng 3/2008 ch o B Thng tin v Truyn thng trin khai
d n u t xy dng c s h tng mng pht hnh ng dng cng ngh s DVB-T cho

vng su, vng xa v bin gii. Theo , s tin c ng l 81 t ng xy dng cc

hng mc, nhm h tr thng tin cho ng bo cc khu vc ny.
Lm sao thc hin c nhanh v hiu qu quy hoch v mng TH s mt t?
n nm 2020: Tng bc trin khai l trnh s ha mng truyn dn, pht sng TH s
mt t ph hp vi iu kin thc t v thit b thu TH s ca ngi dn trn tng a
bn c th. V c bn s ngng pht sng TH mt t cng ngh tng t chuyn sang
pht sng TH mt t cng ngh s khi 95% s h gia nh c my thu hnh, c Settop
thu c cc knh chng trnh TH qung b bng nhng phng thc truyn dn, pht
sng s khc nhau (Theo quyt nh s 22/2009/Q-TTg ngy 16/2/2009 ph duyt quy
hoch truyn dn, pht sng pht thanh, TH (PTTH) n nm 2020 ca Th tng Chnh
ph).
t c cc mc tiu trn, Chnh ph nu ra 6 gii php, trong ch trng vic
nng cao v thng nht nhn thc, y mnh thng tin, tuyn truyn. Tip tc hon thin
cc c ch, chnh sch, lut php: Xy dng v sa i Lut v cc vn bn quy phm
php lut, cc quy hoch, quy nh c lin quan n lnh vc pht thanh PTTH. Xy dng
v sa i Lut Vin thng, Lut Bo ch, Lut Tn s v tuyn in (TSVT), Quy
hoch Vin thng, Quy hoch TSVT, quy hoch PTTH... nhm hon thin mi trng
php l thc y pht trin h tng truyn dn, pht sng PTTH.
Hin nay, Quc hi ang xem xt d tho Lut TSVT, Lut Vin thng v vic thng
qua cc Lut ny s l c s php l cho s pht trin ca thng tin VT, thc y pht
trin h tng truyn dn pht sng TH s.
Bn cnh , Chnh ph nn c chnh sch min hon ton thu nhp khu cc loi thit
b thu khng kha m (Free) v cp min ph cc Settop box thu s Free cho cc h
ngho trn ton quc khi cch thi im ngng pht sng TH tng t mt nm hay 6
thng, nhm h tr ngi dn trong qu trnh chuyn i t TH tng t sang TH s.
Gn y, i Truyn hnh TP.HCM cng c cuc hp bo v vic n nm 2015 i TH
TP.HCM (HTV) s ngng pht sng trn h thng analog, k c knh HTV9, HTV7. n
thi im cc i khc khu vc ng bng Nam B cng s theo cch lm ca
HTV, hp tc vi HTV (nhiu i hp tc vi HTV pht ln v tinh Vinasat-1) v hp
tc vi nhau cng trin khai.
Xu th s ha truyn hnh nc ta hon ton c tnh kh thi v nn thc hin cng
nhanh cng tt. Nu qun l tt, c s khuyn co v nh hng r rng, lnh vc TH s
mt t s pht trin i vo n np, trt t, c t chc v hiu qu; v nhng ngi dn nhng ngi s dng truyn hnh s c hng cc dch v cht lng cao, thnh tu
ca cng ngh mi.
Mt s phng n hnh thnh mng pht hnh s khu vc ng bng Bc B
Phng n 1: xut VTV trong thi k qu [2010-2015] dng knh 11 (hin ang
pht VTV2) pht s. Nu VTV cn tip tc duy tr VTV2 analog ti khu vc H Ni,
th nn pht trn bng UHF. Cc TSVT b tr 1 knh bng UHF cho vic ny.

Vic s dng knh VHF thun li v mt truyn sng, nn u tin cho pht cc chng
trnh min ph phc li x hi (l cc chng trnh quc gia, ca a phng), v nh
vy u t s khng ln.
Hn na, t Thanh Ha tr ra ch Cao Bng ang s hu knh 11 pht chng trnh
a phng; VTV c sn 4 im t my pht K11: H Ni v Mng Ci (VTV2), Sn
La v H Giang (VTV3). Ngoi tr H Ni, cc a phng cn li l nhng khu vc b
ni i che chn. Nu thit lp Mng n tn (SFN) gm 13-14 my pht pht K11 ti H
Ni v cc tnh ng bng Bc B, th sng s cng khng nh hng xu n vic thu
sng knh 11 analog ca ngi dn cc a phng ny.
Tng s c 14 a im thuc ng bng Bc B c th lp my pht s K11-SFN ca
VTV gm: H Ni, Hng Yn, Hi Dng; Hi Phng, H Long, Thi Bnh, Nam nh,
Ninh Bnh, H Nam, Bc Ninh, Bc Giang, Thi Nguyn, Vnh Phc, Ph Th.
Nu mng SFN-K11 ny trin khai xong, th ton b 6-7 chng trnh quc gia phc li
x hi s ha ti khu vc ng bng Bc B. Nu nn MPEG-4, dung lng cn d
pht 7-8 chng trnh a phng na. Mng ny hot ng s cho php VTV v t
nht 7 i a phng chuyn sang thi k chun b tt my pht tng t thi k
cn quan tm chu o n vic cung cp cc phng tin thu xem ca cc h dn (nht l
cc h ngho). Khi 14-15 chng trnh pht trn mng n tn ny, th khng qu kh
truyn dn tp trung cc chng trnh v mt MUX duy nht a n cc my pht s.
VTV pht s trn K11, sau ny pht tip trn K12 lin k.
Tuy nhin, thc hin phng n ny c my im kh: l, chng ta cha c kinh
nghim thit lp mng SFN, cn mi chuyn gia t vn gip v cn tu thuc vo
VTV.
Bn phng n tip sau y l cho trng hp VTV khng p dng Phng n 1.
Phng n 2, vi vng ng bng sng Hng: ngh i PTTH Hi Dng khng pht
analog trn K7 (khng phi l knh c quy hoch, ang dng tip pht HTV9 (!?)),
s dng K7 pht s cho c vng. Trng mua li cc my VHF m cc a phng ang
pht khng ng quy hoch. Lp thm cc my pht s K7 ti mt s a im khc v
mi chuyn gia t vn - thit lp mng SFN K7. Nh vy s c mng SFN pht c ti
14-15 chng trnh (nn MPEG-4) vng ny. Cc chng trnh ca VTV (hin l 6) v
ca cc a phng, ca i Ting ni Vit Nam (VOV) khng yu cu kha m, pht
hon ton min ph trn mng ny.
Phng n 3, ngh i PTTH H Ni khng pht analog trn K6 na, ng bng
sng Hng s dng thnh knh pht s.
Phng n 4, ngh i TH Hi Phng thi khng pht analog trn K8 (khng c
quy hoch). Hi Dng nh K7, Hi Phng nh K8, chng ta c hai knh lin k
[K7+K8].

Phng n 5, ngh i PTTH Vnh Phc thi khng pht analog trn K12, chuyn
thnh pht s.
Gom tt c cc chng trnh pht min ph ca VOV, cc a phng (ch yu lu vc
sng Hng) v VTV thnh nhm chng trnh pht trn mng SFN [K6+K7]; hoc
[K7+K8]; hoc [K11+K12] nh trnh by.
Chng ta c kinh nghim ca VTC pht trn hai knh lin k. Mt my pht bn dn
(c 2 b iu ch s) s pht c khong 28-29 chng trnh. Ngoi pht cc chng
trnh min ph phc li x hi ra, d dung lng s c bn nhm duy tr mng v
gp phn h tr cp pht u thu (Settop box) free cho ngi ngho. Nu d tho Lut
TSVT cha cp, th rt nn ch loi hnh dch v khng phi bn sng m bn
ch trn sng ny.
Trn y l mt s phng n xut hng ti vic trin khai mt cch hiu qu l
trnh s ha mng truyn dn, pht sng TH s mt t ph hp vi iu kin thc t trn
tng a bn c th./.