Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Brain Abscess
Brain Abscess
Brain Abscess
DEFINITION
A brain abscess is a collection of infectious material within the tissue of the
brain.Bacteria is the most common causative organisms.The most common
predisposing factors for abscess among immunocompetant people are ottitis
media and sinusitis.
ETIOLOGY
o
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
o
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CT Scan to evaluate the bony structure of the ear and the sinus
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
o
The goal of the treatment is to drain the abscess and to provide antibiotic
therapy for the infection detected.
Large IV doses of antibiotics are given to penetrate the blood brain barrier
and to reach the site of infection.
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Cerebral Edema
- Is an increase in the water content of the brain tissue. When cerebral edema
occurs as a result of trauma, hemorrhage, tumor, abscess or ischemia, an
increase in ICP occurs.
Herniation
- When the pressure exerted by a mass in the brain is not equally divided,
result in shifting or herniation of the brain from one compartment of high
pressure to one of lower pressure.
Clinical Manifestations
- Also may need additional free water if dehydrated watch I and O closely.
Nursing Interventions
- Airway and respiratory suction only as needed and for 10 seconds at a time,
only 2 passes. Give 100% O2 prior to suctioning.
- Avoid abdominal distention may need NG tube to decompress stomach
- Sedate with care if not on a ventilator, use sedation that will not interfere
with respiration or mask any neuro changes
* Posture and head position
Avoid jugular vein compression
- Head should be in neutral position
- Cervical collars should not be too tight
Elevation of the head and trunk may improve jugular venous return.
- Keep head in alignment to prevent cutting off venous flow from the head
- Dont elevate knees this will increase intrathoracic pressure
- Turn gently from side to side if turning raises ICP, client will need to stay on
back
- If client is posturing frequently during care, will need to sedate first and then
do only one thing at a time. Minimize stimulation
- These clients can become agitated and aggressive avoid over stimulating
them
- Restraining them will make them MORE AGITATED and RAISE THEIR ICP!
- NO TV IN ROOM
- Keep room darkened if needed
- Hyperventilation (PaCO2 < 35 mmHg) works by decreasing blood flow and
should be reserved for emergency treatment and only for brief periods
- May need eye drops to moisten eyes
- Client may benefit from rehab to help him adapt and progress
- Keep body temperature within normal limits
- Do not use ice on client
- Prevent infection
- Protect from injury
- Avoid factors that increase ICP
- Psychological support