2

6 2549-2550
60
84.2 35-44 37.6 (
, 2549)
(periodontal disease)
(Kornman, 2008)
(dental plaque) (calculus)
1

1 (Page and Kornman,1997)

(dental plaque)
2

2 (Cobb,2008)



(demineralization) (dental caries)

(periodontal disease)
(glycoprotein) (pellicle)
(gram-positive bacteria)
(Streptococcus sanguis), (Streptococcus mutans)
(Actinomyces viscosus)
(gram negative bacteria)
(Fusobacterium nucleatum), (Prevotella
intermedia), (Capnocytophaga)

(Porphyromonas gingivalis),
(Campylobacter rectus), (Eikenella corrodens),

(Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans)
(spirochetes)



(White, 1997; Socransky and Hafajee, 2002)

3

(Socransky
and Haffajee, 2002)

(calculus)


(inflammatory exudate)



(White, 1997)

(lipopolysaccharide)
(fibroblast),
Nakib (1982)
indirect immunofluorescence


(Lowenguth and Greenstein, 1995) Moore
(1986) 39 1
60 1 Oda
(2004) 2

(Walmsley
et al., 1990)


(mechanical non-surgical
treatment)


(periodontal surgery)
(furcation)

(reattachment) (new attachment)

(Lindhe et al., 2008; Sculean et al., 2008)
(maintenance)



(Newman et al., 2006)
(Cobb,
2002; Muller and Heinecke, 2004)
Cobb CM (1996)
1.29 (clinical attachment gain) 0.55
4-7 2.16
2.16 7
(bleeding on probing) 57

(gram negative rod and spirochetes)
(gram positive rod and cocci) (Van der Weijden and Timmerman, 2002; Ioannou et al.,
2009) Correa FO (2008)
(interleukin 1)
(matrix metalloproteinase)

2 (hand scalers)
(power driven scalers) 2
(sonic scaler) (ultrasonic scaler)
(hand scalers)
(curette) (sickle)





(distal surface)
Croft
(2003)
74

(Tunkel et al., 2002)

(Busslinger et al., 2001; Folwaczny et al.,
2004; Ribeiro et al., 2006)
(sonic scaler)

(air-turbine system) 3000 8000
(orbital)


(Arabaci et al., 2007)

10

(ultrasonic scaler)
(ultrasound) (cavity
preparation) Catana 1953 Zinner 1955
1960
(Trenter and Walmsley, 2003)
2
1. (Magnetostrictive ultrasonic)
(transducer)
(magnetostrictive transducer)
(handpiece)

18,000-45,000 (amplitude) 10-100




(cavitation)
Cavitron
Dentsply
2. (Piezoelectric ultrasonic) Piezon
Master 400 Electro Medical Systems (EMS) Suprasson P Max, P5 Newtron XS
Satelec Acteon
(ceramic)

25,000-50,000 (amplitude)
10-100
(electric heart pacemaker)

(diamond tip), (plastic tip)

11

(proximal surface)

Piezoelectric

Magnetostrictive

Sonic

P5 Newtron XS Satelec Acteon

28,00036,000 1,700

5-40

- (plastic carbon tips)
(Pattison, 2007)
(universal curette)
4-6




(probe)
(probe)

12

5 P5 Newtron XS

6

(Wang, 1992) heavy calculus stain
furcation
1
1
(Hou,1994)
Anatomy or instrument
2nd maxillary molar Furcation width

width
0.63 mm.

Gracey curette width

0.76 mm.

Ultrasonic tip width

0.56 mm.

13

(ball tip)



(tactile sensitivity) (aeosal spray)



2
( Kwan,2006)

(tactile sensitivity)

0.76

0.56

14

(metal stact)


(screw in tips)

(pop in)

3
( Kwan,2006)

(active
surface)

Magnetostrictive unit

Piezoelective unit

metal stact

4 (, ,
)
(pop in)
-

Crystal, ceramic

2 ()

3



(Tannerella forsythensis)
(Treponema denticola) (Eikenella corrodens)

(D'Ercole et al., 2006; Ioannou et al., 2009)

15

,
(Cobb, 2002; Umeda et al., 2004)


(Tunkel et al., 2002)


(Busslinger et al., 2001; Lee et al.,
1996) Petersika (2002)


Jotikasthira (1992)
Cross-poline (1995)



(Busslinger et al., 2001; Yukna et al., 1997)
Tunkle (2002)
30 Yukna (1997)
36



(Busslinger et al., 2001; Tunkel et al., 2002)


(Busslinger et al., 2001; Folwaczny et al., 2004; Ribeiro et al., 2006) Vastardis
(2005) 48
10, 20 30

16

Cross-Poline (1995)



(Busslinger et al., 2001;
Cross-Poline et al., 1995; Kawashima et al., 2007) ,
(Flemmig et al., 1998; Schmidlin et al., 2001; Folwaczny et al., 2004; Jepsen et al., 2004)

(loss tooth substance) (Lee et al., 1996; Schmidlin
et al., 2001; Rupf et al., 2005)
(Braun et al., 2005)
Obeid (2005)

Vastardis (2005) Ritz
(1991) ,
, (per stroke) 1-7.2 , 4.3- 7.8
, 7.9-15.5 , 5-22

Fleming
(1997;1998)
(power setting) , ,
(lateral force)

(Casarin et al., 2006)
Casarin (2009) (power setting)
(defect depth)

17

52.4 22.1
77.7 37.7 Zappa (1991)

40 148.7
(high force) 343.3

Folwaczny (2004) ,
(surface
roughness)


Lea (2009)








P5