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Works Cited (Cummings EE. 1972. Complete Pome Jovanovich, Ine Paley Lene R. {ist Journal of Modern Literature 3 (3): 209-238, 913-1962. New York: Harcourt By 1975... Canmings and Ungrammar. New ee ng York: Watermill Friedman, Norman. 1960.E.F Cummings Jotns Hopkins Press. Frommer, Harvey. 1973," ° Harvey 1973, "Cleing Classroom Fog with. E Cuming? Inprovng College and University Teaching 35 (3) 96-9, ‘ord Joho 1966 Pure-Grammatcl Stuctr ina oem of. Cam ‘mings Pac Coast Philology: 66-5, The Artofhis Poetry. Baltimore ‘Maurer, Robert E2003." q ® Robert 2003."On Cummings Inividuaistic yt” EC. ‘ne Fated by Harold Bloom, Philadelphia: Chelsea House Pubioke 5 8992, Sane Jia .1966“An Ansys of. Cumming Actalie: Composition and Communication 17(3): 130-134, oe “Cummings Love Lyrics: Some Notes bya Female Lf How to Create a Best Seller: Phrase by Phrase, Clause by Clause An Analysis of Ellipsis in The Hunger Games ‘This article gives am in-depth look for aspiring writers who wish tobe more cirrent when itcomes toa teen audience. The examples used are from the contemporary ten fiction novel, The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins. ‘The article explores how young-adult tion authors employ ellipsis to repli: ate natural speech patterns and imbue ther text with additional meaning. ‘The author investigates factors such as the use of fnite or nonfinite clauses and stream of consciousness tye to determine how authors may effectively Incorporate ellipsis into thelr work. sane ereams."Runt’... catch the gleam of sunlight on Cat's ord and do as Peeta says. Holding tightly tomy bow and arrows, fngng into tees that appear out of nowhere, tripping and filling a seyto keep my balance. Back past my pool and into familar woods” {collins 2008, 20) This action-packed excerpt from The Hunger ‘Gomes, currently popular young-adult best sellerby Suzanne Col firs, provides an ideal example of writing that hooks young readers. The Hunger Gamesis told from the point of view of heroine Katniss, whois selected to represent her district in a gladiator-style competi- tien against other youth. Typified by Collins's vivid, dramatic tone, the writing in many contemporary novels like The Hunger Games uses “zoom-lens effect” t allow the reader to see what is happening and how the characteris feeling on a moment-by-moment basis (Harvey 2006, 82). Literature critic Lawrence B, Bowling prescribes that this style, often known as stream of consciousness, “must be no more log caland formal than ordinary speech... The mind moves alongin a loose manner, tacking on one idea after another, as they come” (1950, 336) Though some critics question the artistic effect of stream of, consciousness its high popularity in fiction novels, such as The Hunger Games, poses a more pertinent question for young, adult authors: how toachieve this syle. This stream-of consciousness style is achieved through ellipsis in both phrases and clauses. In recent years, authors of young-adult novels have increasingly used present tense, first. person narrative, which allows writing to take ‘ona conversational tone (Harvey 2006, 71). However, authors may ‘wonder how to make the suspense realistic, the atmosphere dramatic, and the emotion tantamount when given only the tense and point of View as guidelines. It takes aclose observer to notice thepatternsin ‘grammatical structure that contribute to this fast-paced effect. One prevalent structural technique is ellipsis, which involves the omission ‘ofa subject, ver, or entre clause that has been previously indicated, Often ellipsis isolates phrases and separates dependent clauses from their matrix clause, creating the sense of distraction and urgency that rz characterizes stream of consciousness. An analysis ofthe patterns of ellipsis in phrases and clauses in The Hunger Games will reveal how authors can both achieve this discourse-ke syle and imply meaning beyond the printed words, A Run-Down on the Purposes of Ellipsis ‘Two important aspects of elipsis areitssimilarites to speech pattems andits potential to express more complex meanings than a complete sentence could, Its goal is to imitate authentic discourse, whether through an internal dialogue with the narrator's questions and observa tions or through a dialogue between the narrator and the reader by the ‘se of descriptions and explanations. Imitating

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