Tng quan v Abaqus

C S L THUYT
Phn I: Gii thiu v phng php phn t hu hn
Phng php phn t hu hn (PPPTHH) l phng php s gii cc
bi ton c m t bi cc phng trnh vi phn ring phn cng vi
cc iu kin bin c th.
C s ca phng php ny l lm ri rc ha cc min lin tc phc tp
ca bi ton. Cc min lin tc c chia thnh nhiu min con (phn t).
Cc min ny c lin kt vi nhau ti cc im nt. Trn min con ny,
dng bin phn tng ng vi bi ton c gii xp x da trn cc hm
xp x trn tng phn t, tho mn iu kin trn bin cng vi s cn bng
v lin tc gia cc phn t.
V mt ton hc, phng php phn t hu hn (PPPTHH) c s dng
gii gn ng bi ton phng trnh vi phn tng phn (PTVPTP) v
phng trnh tch phn, v d nh phng trnh truyn nhit. Li gii gn
ng c a ra da trn vic loi b phng trnh vi phn mt cch hon
ton (nhng vn v trng thi n nh), hoc chuyn PTVPTP sang mt
phng trnh vi phn thng tng ng m sau c gii bng cch s
dng phng php sai phn hu hn,.
PPPTHH khng tm dng xp x ca hm trn ton min xc nh V ca
n m ch trong nhng min con Ve (phn t) thuc min xc nh ca
hm.Trong PPPTHH min V c chia thnh mt s hu hn cc min con,
gi l phn t. Cc min ny lin kt vi nhau ti cc im nh trc trn

bin ca phn t c gi l nt. Cc hm xp x ny c biu din qua cc

gi tr ca hm (hoc gi tr ca o hm) ti cc im nt trn phn t. Cc
gi tr ny c gi l cc bc t do ca phn t v c xem l n s cn
tm ca bi ton.
Trong vic gii phng trnh vi phn thng, thch thc u tin l to ra
mt phng trnh xp x vi phng trnh cn c nghin cu, nhng l
n nh s hc (numerically stable), ngha l nhng li trong vic nhp d
liu v tnh ton trung gian khng chng cht v lm cho kt qu xut ra xut
ra tr nn v ngha. C rt nhiu cch lm vic ny, tt c u c nhng
u im v nhc im. PPPTHH l s la chn tt cho vic gii phng
trnh vi phn tng phn trn nhng min phc tp (ging nh nhng chic xe
v nhng ng ng dn du) hoc khi nhng yu cu v chnh xc thay
i trong ton min. V d, trong vic m phng thi tit trn Tri t, vic
d bo chnh xc thi tit trn t lin quan trng hn l d bo thi tit cho
vng bin rng, iu ny c th thc hin c bng vic s dng phng
php phn t hu hn.
Trn th gii c nhiu phn mm PTHH ni ting nh: NASTRAN,
ANSYS, TITUS, MODULEF, SAP 2000, CASTEM 2000, SAMCEF,
ABAQUS, ...

Phn 2 :Gii thiu v ABAQUS v cch xy dng m hnh tnh ton

trong ABAQUS
2.1 Tng quan v ABAQUS
Hin nay ABAQUS l mt b phn mn ln dng m phong cng
trnh,kt cu da trn phng php phn t hu hn, phm vi gii quyt vn
ca n t phn tch tuyn tnh tng i n gin n vn d mn phng
phi tuyn phc tp. ABAQUS c kho phn t phong ph, c th m phng
hnh dng bt k. ng thi kho m hnh vt liu c th m phng i a s
tnh nng vt liu kt cu in hnh, trong bao gm kim loi, cao su, vt
liu cao phn t, vt liu phc hp, b tng ct thp,. ABAQUS khng ch
gii quyt vn trong phn tch kt cu (ng sut , chuyn v), vn c kh
nng m phng v nghin cu vn trong lnh vc khc nh truyn n
nhit, phn tch m thanh,in t, phn tch c hc mi trng in p.
ABAQUS c hai khi phn tch ch yu : ABAQUS/Standard v
ABAQUS/Explicit. Ngoi ra vn cn hai khi phn tch ph c cng dng
c bit : ABAQUS/Aqua v ABAQUS/Design. ABAQUS/CAE (Complete
ABAQUS Evironment) l khi giao tip vi ngi dng, lm cng tc tin
x l nh thit lp m hnh, gn c tnh v iu kin bin, phn chia mng
li. ABAQUS/Viewer dng tin hnh phn tch v s l kt qu.

2.2. Cc bc gi lp mt bi ton trong chng trnh ABAQUS/CAE

Giao din ABAQUS/CAE:

Hnh 1: Giao din ABAQUS/CAE

Chng ta lm vic nhiu vi khi ABAQUS/ CAE v th m chng ta s
i phn tch lm vic vi khi ny. Khi ny lm vic vi cc modul theo th
t nh sau:

PART, PROPERTY, ASSEMBLY, STEP, INTERACTION,

LOAD, MESH, JOB, VISUALYZATION, SKETCH.

Hnh 2: cc modul lm vic ca khi ABAQUS / CAE

Part: Modul ny l hng lot cng c dng xy dng m hnh vi cc

bin dng khc nhau t nhng yu t n gin n phc tp. Nh im (
, ng thng (
nht (

), ng trn (

) ng cong bt k (

), hnh ch

)...t nhng phn t n gin ny chng ta c th xy dng nn

nhng bin dng phc tp. T chng ta c th to nn nhng m hnh

phc tp. Ngoi ra ABAQUS cn c cng c Import nhp cc file c
xy dng t cc phn mm khc rt tin li cho vic xy dng m hnh.
Chng ta c th ly nhng m hnh chun nh bnh rng, ln, inh vt t
cc phn mm khc nh SOLIDWORKS, CATIA... tin cho vic m bo
tnh tiu chun v ng b.

Hnh 3: thao tc nh p file xy dng thng qua phn mn khc

Property: y l modul dng gn thuc tnh vt liu cho tng phn
trn m hnh ca chng ta. Cng c Tool / Partition phn chia m hnh
theo cc phn chng ta mong mun. Property / Creat Section

dng

to nn cc mt ct vi cc c tnh vt liu c nh ngha trong

Property / Creat Material

. Sau khi dng cng c Property / Section ta

c cc mt ct yu cu v gn vo cc partition bng Property/ Assige

section

. T hon thnh vic xy dng v gn vt liu cho m hnh

ca chng ta.
Assembly: Modul ny l modul dng to hoc sa i cc lp ghp cc
cm m hnh. N ch lm nhim v lp ghp cc b phn ca m hnh c
xy dng t phn Part. Dng cng c Instance part

a cc khi

Partition vo bn v lp v thc hin cc cng vic lp ghp. Nu nh chng

ta khng thay i g th n s mc nh gi nguyn cho chng ta hnh dng
v v tr cc partiton nh chng ta xy dng phn trc. Chng ta s dng
lnh Assembly / Instance part chng ta s c ca s xut hin nh sau:

Hnh 4: Thao tc trong Assembly

Dependent ( mesh on part ) l la chn vic lp ghp c ph thuc vo
li chia. Ngc li th Independent ( mesh on part ) l la chn khng ph

thuc vo li chia. Ch t ng b t mt i tng mi ( Auto- offset )

ty chng ta chn. Ngoi ra cng ging nh cc phn mm khc khi chng
ta a mt i tng vo mt bn v lp nu cn chnh sa chng hoc sp
xp theo mt th t nht nh th ABAQUS cng nh vy, h tr cc cng c
nh Linear pattern
Instance

, Radial pattern

, Edit feature

, Translate Instance

, Suppess feature

, Delete feature

, Rotate

xp xp chnh sa cc i tng c a vo. Ngoi ra cc thao tc v lnh

cn c h tr thanh Menu bar chng ta c th nghin cu v thc hin
t c mc ch yu cu. Sau khi chng ta hon thnh modul ny th
chng ta c mt m hnh vi y cc b phn v lp ghp gia chng vi
nhau.
Step: Cc bc tnh ton v iu kin bin cho bi ton s c phn
mm a ra nh vo modul Step ch cn dng lnh Creat step chng ta
to c cc bc tnh ton cho bi ton chng ta yu cu. Vic thit lp cc
v la chn cc output s cho ta cc kt qu u ra mong mun.
Interaction: Bn c th s dng modul ny xc nh v qun l cc i
tng sau y:
-

C kh v nhit tng tc gia cc vng ca mt m hnh hoc

gia mt khu vc ca mt m hnh v mi trng xung quanh n.

Cc khu vc giao din v cc khp ni.
Phn tch nhng hn ch gia cc vng ca mt m hnh.
Qun tnh ( khi lng, qun tnh quay, v nhit, in dung) trn
cc vng ca m hnh.
Vt nt trn cc vng ca m hnh.
L xo v gim chn gia hai im ca mt m hnh hoc gia mt
im ca m hnh v mt t.

Thit lp cc iu kin tip xc, i vi bi ton ca chng ta c lin quan

n ng sut, bn tip xc v h s ma st v.v.. ta c mt s thng s thit
lp nh trn hnh.

Hnh 5: Thit l p bc tnh ton

Load:S dng modul ny c th xc nh v qun l cc yu t sau:
t ti trng: Dng lnh Load / Create load

t ti trng cho bi

ton. Chng ta c th la chn cc loi ti trng khc nhau m ABAQUS

a ra, trn hnh v l ba loi ti trng c bn thng dng trong thc t.

Hnh 6: t ti trng tc dng

iu kin bin: S dng lnh Load / Create Boundary condition
t cc iu kin bin cho m hnh. Chng ta c th hn ch ht 6 bc t
hoc ch hn ch nhng bc t do cn thit. Trong bng Edit Boundary
Condition:

Hnh 7: t iu ki n bin
Xc inh trc cc iu kin nh cng,vn tc..
S dng lnh Load / Creat Predefined field

t cc iu kin

ban u cho mt yu t, vng no trn m hnh.

Hay t cc trng hp ti c th vi cng c Load / Creat load case
: C ngha l mi trng hp ti l mt tp hp cc ti v iu kin bin
c s dng xc nh mt iu kin ti c th. C th s dng mt hoc
nhiu trng hp ti nghin cu cc phn ng tuyn tnh ca mt cu trc
chu ti. V d nh mt lot cc ti khc nhau nh: Tnh nhiu lon, ti ng,
tnh ti
Trong cc cng c trn th chng ta s dng cc cng c nh Load /
create Load v Load / Create boundary condition bi n kh c bn v d

dng v thch hp vi cc bi ton. Hai cng c cn li ch dng trong cc

trng hp phc tp hn, vi cc yu cu c bit hn.
Mesh: Modul Mesh cha cc cng c cho php to ra cc mt li trn
cc b phn v lp rp to ra trong ABAQUS / CAE. Ngoi ra, cc modul
ny cha cc chc nng xc minh mt li hin c. Chia li vi kch thc
cng nh th bi ton c kt qu cng chnh xc. Chng ta c th chia li t
ng hoc chia theo tng i tng. ty theo mc yu cu ca bi ton.
Job: L modul thc hin cc bc gii sau khi chng ta hon thnh cc
yu cu ca bi ton. Hon thnh modul ny l lc bi ton c gii quyt.
Modul ny cho php chng ta xut ra cc file *.INP, *.ODB, *.DATa ra
c kt qu bi ton.
Visualization: L modul cha cc cng c th hin cc kt qu bng
hnh nh chuyn v km theo cc thng s nh ng sut, chuyn v
Phn tch kt qu thu c
Khi hon tt qu trnh m phng, ton b kt qu ca bi ton s c ghi
vo file *.ODB, ti y chng ta c th quan st trng thi ng sut, bin
dng ca phn t thong qua chuyn v cng nh mu sc ca phn t. Bn
cnh , ABAQUS cn cho php ta sut kt qu di dng s, vi ta v
th t ca tng phn t, tng nt. Trong bi ton ca chng ta, kt qu ch
yu c quan tm l ng sut, c th l ng sut Von-Mises.