MATHS

RATIO AND PRAPORTION, INDICIES, LOGARITHMS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
~HOW TO COMPUTE AND COMPARE TWO RATIOS;
~EFFECT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE OF A QUANTITY ON THE RATIO;
~THE CONCEPT AND APPLICATION OF INVERSE RATIO;
WE USE RATIO IN MANY WAYS IN PRACTICAL FIELDS . FOR EXAMPLE , IT IS GIVEN THAT A CERTAIN SUM OF MONEY IS
DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS IN THE GIVEN RATIO . IF FIRST PART IS GIVEN THEN WE CAN FIND OUT TOTAL AMOUNT
AND THE OTHER TWO PARTS .
IN THE CASE WHEN THE RATIO OiF BOYS AND GIRLS IN A SCHOOL IS GIVEN AND THE TOTAL NO. OF STUDENT IS ALSO
GIVEN ,THEN IF WE KNOW THE NO. OF BOYS IN THE SCHOOL, WE CAN FIND OUT THE NO. OF GIRLS OF THAT SCHOOL
BY USING RATIOS.
1.1

RATIO
A RATIO IS A COMPARISON OF THE SIZES OF TWO OR MORE QUANTITIES OF THE SAME KIND BY DIVISION.
IF a AND b ARE TWO QUANTITIES OF THE SAME KIND (IN SAME UNITS), THEN THE FRACTION a/b OR a:b. THE
QUANTITIES a AND b ARE CALLED THE TERMS OF THE RATIO , a IS CALLED THE FIRST TERM OR ANTECEDENT AND
b IS CALLED THE SECOND TERM OR CONSEQUENT.
FOR EXAMPLE, IN THE RATIO 5:6, 5 AND 6 ARE CALLED TERMS OF THE RATIO. 5 IS CALLED FIRST TERM AND 6 IS
CALLED SECOND TERM.