Vibration damping is dissipation of the mechanical energy of a vibrating object.

In free
vibrations, damping reduces the amplitude of vibration to zero. This is usually a gradual
process. When damping is large enough, free vibration will cease even before the first cycle
is completed. In an extreme case, an object, after being displaced, will not even return to its
original equilibrium position. In forced vibrations, damping removes mechanical energy from
the vibrating object, while the exciting forces add it. Amplitude stabilizes at a value at which
the energy added equals the energy removed; therefore, the larger the damping, the smaller
the amplitude

Damping dissipates mechanical energy from the system and

attenuates vibrations more quickly
A microstructure means that there are forces between the molecules or particles in the material.
To break the microstructure you need to apply a force larger than the ones holding it. When the
applied force is smaller than the molecular or inter particle forces, then G' is larger than G"; the
material has some capacity to store energy and should be able to return, to some extent, to its
initial configuration before a mechanical force was applied. The material behaves as an elastic
solid, although not an ideal one because some of the mechanical energy is dissipated.
But when the applied force is higher, then the microstructure collapses and the mechanical
energy given to the material is dissipated, meaning that the material flows. G" becomes larger
than G'.