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Ikterus Kuliah
Ikterus Kuliah
JAUNDICE
Ikterus
Definisi : Bilirubin tinggi dalam
darah
Normal : < 9 mu mol/L (0,5 Mg % )
Ikterus nyata :>35 mu mol/L (2 mg
%).
Klasifikasi :
Prehepatik
Hepatik
Post Hepatik
Heme + Fe + globin
Biliverdin
Bilirubin indirek
Bilirubin direk
Empedu
Urobilinogen
Ikterus Prehepatik
Kel.Hemolitik :
Gangguan Hepar (-)
Tanda kelainan darah (+)
Bil I meningkat sekali
sferositosis
malaria tropika berat
anemia pernisiosa
transfusi darah yg.tidak kompatibel.
Pre-Hepatic
Jaundice
Clinical Features
Jaundice not typically
severe
Increased
unconjugated plasma
bilirubin
Increased
urobilinogen in urine
AP. ALT, AST - normal
Ikterus hepatik
Kelainan Hepar ( + )
Faal Hati terganggu
Bil I meningkat sekali
Hepatitis, sirosis hepatis
leptospirosis,mononukleosis sirosis
hepatis,kolestatis obat (CPZ)
Zat yg.meracuni hati : fosfor,klroform
obat anestesi
tumor hati multipel.
Hepatocellul
ar Jaundice
Bilirubin production
*Normal
Decreased conjugation
*Hepatocyte damage
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Excess bilirubin
*Mixture unconjugated
+
conjugated
Hepatocellular
Jaundice
Hepatocyte damage
jaundice
failure of 80% or
more of hepatic
function
Clinical features
Liver disease
Increased
unconj/conj plasma
bilirubin
Increased
ALT/AST
6-1000X
Obstructive
Jaundice
Extrahepatic
Gallstone
Carcinoma of head of
pancreas/ampulla/bile
duct
Obstructive
Jaundice
Clinical features
Dark urine/pale
stools
Deep Jaundice
Yellow sclerae
?Progressive/
intermittent
?Pain
Obstructive
Jaundice
Clinical
Features
Gallstones
Intermittent
obstructive jaundice
Obstructive
Jaundice
Gallstones
Previous history of
dyspepsia
Pain
Pyrexia/ Rigors
Gallbladder fibrotic
NO DISTENSION
Obstructive
Jaundice
Carcinoma
Head of
Pancreas/Ampulla/Bile
duct
Relentless, progressive
Jaundice
Deep
Painless
Weight loss
Obstructive
jaundice
Carcinoma of
head of
pancreas
Distended biliary tract
Courvoisiers sign
Palpable Gallbladder
Pemeriksaan fisik
Riwayat Keluarga anemia, batu empedu
Feses pucat (Akolik )
Urine gelap
Transfusi darah,pemakaian obat,
Ikterus tanpa nyeri kolik,nyeri tekan pd hepar
Hepatitis.
Kolik dgn menggigil , ikterus hilang timbul
obstruksi batu empedu dan /atau hepato
kolangitis.
Ikterus progresif,sakit pingang dicurigai
keganasan pancreas .
Pemeriksaan fisik
Warna kulit spt kulit jeruk lemon
+ ikterus sdg + anemiaikterus prehepatik.
Ikterus warna tua
hepatik dan pasca hepatik
Jika KE besar ,hepatomegali,tanpa nyeri tekan
Pemeriksaan penunjang
Pem.Lab : faal hepar , bilirubin, sterkobilin,
urobilin, bilirubin urin.
Pemeriksaan penunjang
USG
Indicates
presence of
Calculi
Dilated biliary
tract
Localise site of
obstruction
50%
Low cost, no
radiation
CT
More likely to
identify site and
nature of
obstruction
More costly, more
radiation
ERCP
PTC
Percutaneous
Transhepatic
Cholangiography
Diagnostic
Ikterik
Obstruksi
Kel hepar
Kdg empedu
Bil I
Bil II
Bilirubinuria
Feses akolis
SGOT / SGPT
Alk.Fosfatase
Inj. Vit K
Membesar
Meningkat
Meningkat sekali
+
+
N / meningkat
Meningkat sekali
PT memanjang
tdk membesar
Meningkat sekali
Meningkat
Meningkat sekali
-
TANPA DILATASI
EVALUASI NONOBSTRUKTIF
DISANGKA
OBSTRUKSI
(Biopsi Liver ?)
BATU CBD
OBSTRUKSI RENDAH
KELAINAN PANKREAS
PTC
MRCP
ERCP
+/- Ekstrkasi batu
+/- Stenting
+/- Sitologi/Biopsi
Tidak
PTC
OBSTRUKSI HILUS
DIAGNOSA JELAS
Ya
TERAPI YG SESUAI
Tidak
ERCP
Pengobatan
Sesuai Penyebab
Kasus bedah Ikterus pasca hepatik
-Batu CBD
-Keganasan
-Sriktur
-Kista