NOI DUNG GIAO TRNH

THUAT NG KY THUAT
AM THANH VA PHONG THU
ANH - VIET
Bien soan: NGUYEN BACH

65

Acoustic / Acoustical
Acoustics

(Thuoc ve) am thanh, am hoc

o vang am

Tac ong cua am thanh va s khao sat ve no.

o am vang cua 1 can phong tuy thuoc vao kch
thc, hnh dang, so lng va v tr at vat lieu hap
thu cung nh phan xa am.
Acoustical Absorption S hap thu am
Tnh chat cua mot be mat co the nhan cac
song am vao va khong lam phan xa hay cho chung
i qua.
Acoustic Amplifier

Bo phan khuech am

Mot bo phan hay mot phan cua nhac cu lam

cho nguon am dao ong hieu qua hn, nhieu khong
kh chuyen ong hn, a en ket qua la co c
am thanh ln hn trong nhac cu o. Mot vai v du ve
bo phan khuech am: thung an guitar (guitar thung),
tam hng am cua an piano, phan loa cua ken
cor, vo ben ngoai cua bo trong, v.v...
A / D Viet tat cua Analog to Digital Conversion
66

ADAT
Mot thng hieu cua hang Alesis Corporation, co
t au nam 1993, at cho he thong thu am nhieu
ng tieng theo thiet ke cho tng n v (module)
ADSR
La cac ch au, viet tat cua Attack, Decay,
Sustain va Release. ay la nhng yeu to khac nhau
ve nhng thay oi am lng khi vang len cua an
organ ien t.
AFTER FADER LISTEN (AFL) Nghe sau can gat
Mot thuat ng trong mixer e ch loai am thanh
c nghe sau khi a them cac EQ.
Ambience
1.

Moi trng khong kh Khong gian chung

quanh mot thiet b thu am hay mot phong thu.

2.

Mot phan am thanh en t mot trng

chung quanh ch khong phai trc tiep t nguon am.

V du: am vang cua phong (room acoustics), am phan
xa

au

tien

(early

reflection),

am

doi

lai

(reverberation),...
Ambience Microphone
Loai micro c at tng oi xa nguon am e
thu c am thanh t moi trng chung quanh.
Amplifier

May khuech ai am thanh, am-pli

Amplitude Bien o (song am); Cng o (am thanh)

Analog Tng t (tam dch)
Nhng thay oi lien tuc co lien quan en mot
ai lng khac cung thay oi lien tuc.

67

Analog to Digital Converter Bo chuyen oi Analog

Digital
Mach ien hay thiet b e chuyen oi mot ai
lng bien oi lien tuc (analog, thng la hieu the)
sang nhng con so (digital) tng ng vi nhng bien
oi o.
Anechoic Khong co tieng vong (echo)
Assign Chon ng truyen
Dan hay truyen tn hieu en mot hoac nhieu
kenh.
Attack
1. Luc bat au cua mot not nhac, mot am
thanh.
2. Ty le am lng gia luc bat au va khi gia
tang.
Attack time
Trong thiet b nen (compressor), ay la khoang
thi gian o giam am lng (gain reduction) co tac
dung thc s so vi luc not nhac hay am thanh bat
au (attack).
Attenuate Giam cng o cua tn hieu.
Audio (thuoc ve) Am thanh
Audio Frequency

Tan so am thanh

Loai tan so ma tai nghe c, nam trong khoang

t 20 Hz en 20 kHz.
Autolocate T nh v
Mot chc nang cua may thu cho phep bang hay
a di chuyen en mot a ch a c lap trnh
68

trc (counter time) khi ch can nhan 1 nut a nh

trc (autolocate)

Automatic Gain Control (Automatic Volume Control)

Chc nang tren thiet b nen co tac dung t
ong gi cho am lng luon khong oi.
Automation T ong hoa
Trong mixer loai ky thuat so, ay la chc nang
giup cho ngi ky s lap trnh trc nhng thay oi
ieu khien (v du:, chuyen ong cua can gat am
fader) e cho may phat hay thu nhieu ng tieng
cung t ong thay oi theo.
Aux Return (Aux Input)
Tren ban mixer, thuat ng nay e ch viec dan
tn hieu a c gi i trc o en cac thiet b
en cac thiet b ngoai vi (xem Aux Send) tr ve lai
ban mixer.
Aux Send (Aux Output)
Tren ban mixer, thuat ng nay e ch viec dan
tn hieu en cac thiet b en cac thiet b ngoai vi
ma khong can dung en lo cam cua ngo ra chnh
(main output). Thuat ng nay con c dung e ch
viec cung cap tn hieu mot thiet b tao hieu qua
(effects processor).

69

Balance can chnh, can bang am lng

1. cng o am tng oi cua hai hay nhieu
nhac cu trong mot mixer, hay cng o tng o
icua tn hieu am thanh trong cac kenh khi thu stereo.
2. lam cho cng o cua cac tn hieu audio trong
cac kenh khi thu stereo c can bang, ep.
Balance Control Num chnh am lng
Mot num ieu chnh tren ampli stereo ma khi
c van theo chieu kim ong ho se lam am thanh
kenh ben phai to hn (cung luc o kenh ben trai
nho i), va khi di chuyen ngc chieu kim ong ho
th tac dung ngc lai.
Bandwith Be rong dai bang tan
70

1. khu vc tan so ma trong o mot may thu

phat bang, hay ampli, hay thiet b audio khac co the
hoat ong c.
2. Khu vc tan so c cai at o ieu chnh
tan so (equalization).
Basic Tracks

ng tieng can ban

ng tieng c thu cho cac nhac cu gi tiet

tau (an guitar bass, trong, va oi khi la keyboard)
Bass Trap

Bo phan triet tieu song am cua tan so

thap
Bi-amplification

Khuech am kep

Viec chnh loa co tan so thap va loa tan so

cao bang 2 ampli rieng.
Bi-Directional Microphone Micro hng am kep
Loai micro nhay cam nhat vi ca hai hng t
pha trc va t sau micro. No khong thu nhng am
thanh hai ben micro. Con co ten goi la Micro nh
hng hnh so 8.
Blending

Chen, tron lan, hoa lan.

1. Hoa tron 2 am thanh lai vi nhau e tao thanh

mot am thanh mi e phat ra hay lam nguon

am mi.
2. Hi pha ron tn hieu ben trai va ben phai e
cac nhac cu, thiet b vang len nghe nh gia san
khau dien.
3. ieu ch num pan (xem t PAN) tren ban
mixer e khong co hien tng thiet b c pan
hoan toan qua ben trai hoac ben phai.
71

Board
1. ten

goi

khac

(khong

chnh

quy)

cua

CONSOLE.
2. Mot bo cac num hay chc nang ieu khien,
ke ca vo lap at chung. Bo nay thng co hnh
dang nh mot mieng co gan cac phu tung co the
ieu khien tat ca cac tn hieu can thiet khi thu
cung nh khi mix.
3.

Tieng long nghe nghiep e goi an keyboard

ien t.

Boomstand
Gia microphone loai cam tay co can noi,
thng c dung khi thu oi thoai trong san xuat
phim.
Boost ay manh cng o am thanh len
Bouncing ten goi khac cua PING-PONGING
Qua trnh trong o 2 hay nhieu ng tieng c
tron lan, va ng tieng tron nay c thu vao
mot hay nhieu ng tieng khac cha s dung. Sau
o, co the xoa cac ng tieng goc i e co
them ng tieng trong ma thu them nhng nhac
cu khac
Boundary Microphone Micro ng bien
Loai micro c thiet ke ac biet c lap tren
mot a phang c dung lam mat phan xa am
thanh trc tiep vao vo micro. c dung trong cac
khu vc thu am rong ln.
72

Bulk Dump
Viet tat cua System Exclusive Bulk Dump. La mot
phng phap truyen d lieu, chang han truyen cac
thong so ben trong mot thiet b MIDI nay en mot
thiet b MIDI khac
Bulk Tape Eraser

Thiet b xoa bang nhanh

Mot khoi ien t ln c dung e xoa ngay

mot luc toan bo cuon bang a thu.
Bus (hay Buss)
Viec chuyen tn hieu qua day dan t ni nay
en ni khac, thng la t nhieu nguon khac nhau
en mot hay nhieu ni. No con c dung e ch
mot ngo ra (output) tren ban mixer hay e goi ten
mot kenh cung cap tn hieu cho cac ng tieng
tren bang t, bo x ly tn hieu, hay may khuech
ai am thanh.

73

Capacitor Tu ien
Capacitor Microphone xem Condenser Microphone
Capstan

Cai ti quay bang, (loi bang)

Cardioid Microphone

Micro co ng nh hng hnh

qua than
Channel Kenh
CD

Viet tat cua Compact Disc

Chorus iep khuc; Ban hp xng

1. Mot hieu qua ac biet co c khi lam tre

tn hieu khoang t 15 en 35 mili-giay (ms). Tn

hieu tre nay c ket hp vi tn hieu goc, va s
tre o c thay oi mot cach ngau nhien hoac
theo chu ky. Cach lam o tao nen hieu qua am
thanh nghe lung linh nh tieng song.
2. Mot hieu qua tre (delay) bat chc am thanh
cua ban hp xng bang cach them vao tn hieu
tre mot lng nho tieng doi am (feedback).
3. Phan iep khuc cua bai hat (lap lai nhieu
lan).
Clip

Kep.
Hien tng bien dang song am xay ra khi qua

tai.
Coax

Day dan ong truc

Hai day dan long vao nhau, trong o mot day

c boc bi mot lp cach ien.

Comb Filter Hieu ng loc hnh rang lc

74

Hien tng hoi ap tan so c thc hien do

viec tron mot tn hieu trc tiep vi mot tn hieu
tre, co cng o tng ng, nhat la nhng tn
hieu tre ngan. Tan so cua loai tn hieu nay co hnh
dang nh nhng rang lc.
Compact Disc (thng goi) a CD
Mot a quang hoc nho, co the c dung e
lu tr d lieu cung nh thu audio ky thuat so.
Compander May nen - bung
1. Mot thiet b co 2 phan c dung trong he
thong giam tieng on. Phan th nhat nen tn hieu
am thanh trc khi no c thu. Phan th hai e
bung tn hieu ra lai sau khi thu.
2. Trong cac mixer ky thuat so cua hang Yamaha,
thuat ng nay e ch chc nang x ly tn hieu
ap dung nen (compression) va bung (m rong expander) tren cung mot tn hieu.
Compression ratio Ty so nen
Cho biet bao nhieu lng dB cua tn hieu vao
(input) phai c nang len trc iem threshold (xem
THRESHOLD) tng ng vi tng dB cong ra cua
thiet b nen (xem COMPRESSOR).
Compressor

Thiet b (may) nen am

Thng la mot thiet b co chc nang kep: nen

tieng / gii han tieng (limiter) co tac dung chan bt
s gia tang cng o hay tan so cach ot ngot.
Ngi ta anh gia kha nang hoat ong cua chung
qua ty so nen t 1:1 en vo cc.
Condenser Microphone

Micro (loai dung) tu ien

75

Loai micro nay chuyen nhng thay oi ve ap lc

am thanh thanh s thay oi ve ien dung. Sau o, s
thay oi ien dung nay c chuyen oi thanh bien
thien ve hieu ien the cua tn hieu am thanh.
Console
Mot may tron tieng (mixer) gom 3 phan chnh:
Input module (module ngo vao), Group module (module
nhom) va Main output (ngo ra chnh). Ngoai ra con co
loai mixer c thiet ke e co the lap them cac
Input module ri va tng t vao mixer e gia tang
lng kenh cao cho mixer. Loai mixer nay c goi la
Console mixer hay console
Controller

Thiet b (may) ieu khien

Crossover
1. S dan truyen tn hieu t ben nay san khau
sang ben kia ma khong e khan gia thay ng
day dan.
2. Bo loc ien t trong mot he thong am thanh

cho phep truyen dan am thanh co tan so ung

en phan thch hp trong he thong loa. Do o, cac
loa khac nhau c dung cho cac am thanh khac nhau
(v du, loa tweeter dung cho am co tan so cao, loa
woofer dung cho am tan so thap). Chc nang
crossover con tach tn hieu tren ban mix thanh cac
tan so cao, trung bnh va thap sau o gi nhng
tan so nay en 3 ampli rieng. Khi o, no c goi
la active crossover hay electronic crossover.
76

Crosstalk

S truyen chap

S truyen tn hieu ngoai y muon, t mot kenh

nay sang mot kenh khac.
Cue, Cue send
1. Thuat ng nay gap tren mot Input module cua
ban mixer loai console. o la mot num chnh cng
o tn hieu c cung cap vao mixer (cue mixer) va
a en cac tai nghe (headphone) trong phong thu.
2. Tn hieu cung cap ve cho nhac s (ngi ang
thu) qua headphone (tai nghe).
3. Chnh cho mot phan a chon trc co the
phat ngay lap tc khi cho may thu hay phat bang
chay.
Cue system
Mot he thong nghe kiem tra (monitor) cho phep
nhac s nghe c am thanh cua chnh mnh ong thi
van nghe c cac ng tieng a thu trc o nh
tai nghe.
Cut

Cat tieng, lam cam tieng

1. c dung ong ngha vi Mute (xem MUTE).
2. giam cng o trong mot dai bang tan (

thiet b equalizer).
Cut-off Frequency (Turnover Frequency)
1.

Tan so cao nhat hay thap nhat dai bang

tan cho phep i qua cua mot bo loc.

2.

Tan so cao nhat hay thap nhat i qua c

mot thiet b (thng c coi la tan so au tien,

77

co gia tr thap hn khoang 3 dB so vi tan so

vung trung bnh cua dai bang tan tren thiet b).
Cycle

Chu ky

Cycle Per Second

Chu ky trong mot giay

n v c dung e o tan so, tng ng

vi Hertz. Thuat ng a c thay the bang Hertz ke
t nam 1948.

78

D/A Viet tat cua: Digital To Analog Converter

Mot thiet b oi cac so d lieu digital (tn hieu
am thanh ky thuat so thanh mc ien ap rieng
biet)
DAT Viet tat cua: Digital Audio Tape
Mot nh dang tieu chuan cho viec thu am thanh
ky thuat so vao nhng bang cassette nho, c
thiet ke ac biet.
DAW Viet tat cua: Digital Audio Workstation
Mot thiet b chuyen dung va la may thu va
la may tron tieng cho am thanh ky thuat so.
DCC

Viet tat cua: Digital Compact Cassette

Bang cassette ky thuat so

Decay

o sut giam

1.

Ty le giam tn hieu audio c phat ra trong

cac an tong hp (synthesizers) t mc nh en

mc duy tr (xem t ADSR).
2. S giam mat dan cua s doi am.
Decibel (viet tat: dB)
n v o lng tng oi cua cng o am
thanh.
De-esser

79

1. Thiet b giam am vang tan so cao khi phat

am S.
2. May compressor limiter co chc nang ieu
khien o nhay vi am thanh phat ra khi 1 ngi
phat am t S.
Degauss Kh t
ong ngha vi Demagnetize.
Delay Tn hieu (hieu qua) tr hoan (tre)
1. Tn hieu do mot nguon phat ra roi sau o c
lam tre lai bi mot may thu phat bang hay mot
thiet b va co the c tron vi tn hieu goc
(khong b tre) e lam cho am thanh ay hn, tao
nen hieu qua vang vong (echo), v.v...
2. Khi mot am thanh c phat ra, s d tai ngi
nghe c la do no b phan xa trc mot vat can
e doi lai tai ngi. Nh the, co mot khoang thi
gian sai biet, goi la Delay.
Delay Effects Cac hieu qua Delay
o la bat c viec x ly tn hieu nao s dung
tn hieu tre nh la can ban cho qua trnh x ly,
chang han nh cac hieu qua echo, reverb delay va
cac hieu qua ac biet nh flanging va chorusing.
Demo Ban mau, ban chay th
Dead

Tat

Co rat t, hoac khong co am doi.

Demagnetize

Kh t

80

Kh t c thc hien bang cach a mot vat

ien t tiep xuc vi si bang ghi e loai bo nhng
hat vat chat mang t tnh con sot lai tren si bang.
Diffusion
D. I.

khuech tan am

Ngo vao trc tiep

Viet tat cua t Direct Injection hay Direct Input.

Khi noi ket guitar ien hoac mot so thiet b vi

mixer, do van e ky thuat, ngi ta khong cam trc
tiep chung vao mixer ma cam qua mot thiet b
trung gian doi la D.I. Box hay Direct Box (hop cam trc
tiep).
Digital Thuoc ve so, thuoc ve ky thuat so
Direct Box Hop cam trc tiep
Mot thiet b ien t s dung bo phan bien
the hay khuech ai am e bien oi cong suat ien
cua mot thiet b ien (v du, an guitar) thanh tr
khang

va

cng

thng

co

microphone.
Direct Output

Ngo ra trc tiep

1. Tren hau het cac mixer loai console, co mot

ngo ra c hoat ong nh nut direct output, noi
input module c anh so vi ng tieng c
mang cung so.
2. Tren mot vai mixer loai console khac, co mot
lo cam la ngo ra cho mot module input va co the
c dung e gi tn hieu t module nay en bat
c ngo vao cua mot track nao o tren may thu
bang t.

81

Disk (Disc) a; a tr d lieu

Distortion

Bien dang am

Dolby
Ten cua mot nha che tao (va mot thng hieu)
cac he thong giam tieng on va cac he thong
audio khac e viec dien tau va o trung thc cua
viec thu, phat va truyen am thanh c tot hn.
Drum Booth (Drum Room)

Cho (phong) e thu bo

trong
Drum Machine
Dry

Trong ien t

Kho
1. Khong co doi am hay moi trng am.
2. Thng c dung e mo ta mot tn hieu

am thanh khong co bat c x ly tn hieu nao.

DSP

Tien trnh trnh x ly ky thuat so.

Viet tat cua: Digital Sound Processing. ay la

mot quy trnh bien oi am thanh t analog sang digital.

Dub
1. Sao chep; ban sao chep. Sao mot ban thu
2. Viec thu am c thc hien cung luc vi mot
qua trnh thu am khac nen ket qua se la mot ban
thu pha tron gi hai ban thu am noi tren.
3. Long tieng
Dynamic Microphone

Micro loai ong lc

Loai micro co mang rung di chuyen la chuye

nong mot loi than c treo trong mot t trng e
phat ra hieu ien the ngo ra tng ng vi mc o
ap lc am thanh.
82

Dynamic Range

Pham vi am lng

Pham vi sai biet gia phan nho nhat va ln

nhat cua mot chng trnh, o bang n v decibel (dB).

Early Reflections

Am phan xa sm, am phan xa

au tien
Echo Tieng vong
Echo Effect

Hieu qua tieng vong

Tng t nh Delay, nh hieu qua Echo khac cho

no co the tao nen nhng lan lap lai tn hieu
khong gii han.
Echo Chamber
1.

Mot can phong c thiet ke vi nhng be

mat cng, khong song song va c lap at micro

vi loa.
2. Mot thiet b ien t, nhan tao nham tai tao
lai s doi am c tao ra trong mot can phong.
Effect

Hieu qua, hieu ng

83

Efficiency Ty le cong suat hieu qua

Trong pham vi loa, thuat ng nay ch ty so gia
cong suat am thanh phat ra tren cong suat am
thanh dan vao loa.
Electret Condenser Mic Micro tu ien loai tnh ien
Loai micro tu ien trong o trng tnh ien cua
tu ien c phat ra bi mot bo cha tnh ien
(electret)
Electret Mic
Loai micro tu ien trong o cac ien cc (be
mat tu ien) c tch ien luc che tao ch khong
can cung cap ien t ben ngoai.
Envelope

(o, S) troi sut am

S gia tang va sut giam am lng cua mot not

nhac.
EQ

(Equalisation, Equalization) S ieu chnh am

thanh
Erase

Xoa (tn hieu am thanh)

Erase head

au t e xoa

au t tren mot may thu bang c dung e

xoa tn hieu tren si day bang.
Equaliser, -zer

Thiet b chnh tan so

Thiet b e chnh cac tan so cao (HF High

Frequency), thap (LF Low Frequency) e nghe am thanh
bong hay tram hn.
Expander

Thiet b m rong, thiet b bung

84

Thiet b lam n rong tn hieu am thanh. Tac

dung cua no ngc lai vi thiet b nen (compressor).

Expansion
Qua

M rong (am thanh)

trnh

hay

hien

tng

ngc

lai

vi

nen

(compression). V du, mot thiet b m rong cho phep tn

hieu gia tang 2 dB moi khi thay oi tn hieu vao 1 dB.
Expansion Ratio

Ty le m rong, ty le bung

85

Fade in

ngc ngha vi Fade out; tang dan am lng

khi mi bat au vao mot oan thu am.

Fade, Fade Out

Giam dan am lng cho en khi tat

han
Fade con c dung vi ngha: thay oi dan dan
tc mot mc o a c cai at san trong thiet b
sang mot mc o khac
Fader Can gat kiem soat mc o tn hieu
Feed Cung cap tn hieu (am thanh, kiem soat)
Feedback

Hien tng doi ngc am

1. Tn hieu am tr hoan (am tre) c gi tra

ve ngo vao cua ng tn hieu tr tre e tao nen
hieu qua tieng vong (echo) lap lai.
2. Tieng hu. S gia tang tn hieu ra khoi kenh
bang chnh s co mat cua tn hieu vao hay bang mot
am thanh rat ln c chnh kenh o sinh ra.

86

3. Trong may khuech ai am thanh (ampli), ay la

pha (phase) doi ngc cua tn hieu ngo ra tr lai chnh
ngo vao cua no, gay ra bien dang am va tieng on.
Fidelity o trung thc
Figure Eight Pattern ng ac tnh hnh so 8
Xem Bi-Directional Microphone. Mot dang ng
ac tnh nh hng cua microphone.
Filter

Bo loc

Final Mix

Bang goc (master); s tron tieng thanh

pham
Bang goc co 2 ng tieng stereo c mix t
mot bang goc nhieu ng tieng.
First Generation

Goc; the he au tien

Flanging
Mot loai hieu qua c sinh ra do viec tron tng
oi eu hieu qua tr hoan ngan (delay) vi tn hieu
trc tep. Lam nh vay, chung ta tao nen s lech
pha. Vi ky thuat so ngay nay ngi ta co the tao
nhng lech pha rat ngan, ch 1mili giay. (Xem them
Phasing)
Flat
1. Dau giang (trong am nhac); Viec ha thap cao
o.
2. Thuat ng nha nghe e mo ta o nhay vi
tan so cua mot micro, ampli, thng trong vong 2
dB.

87

Flutter

Hien tng am thanh b rung

Cac bien oi tan so cao cao o cua dang

song am a c thu do cac thay oi hay dao ong
toc o nhanh trong 1 may thu hay phat.
Fly-in (Lay-in)
1. Them cac am thanh vao mot ban mix hay thu
am khong co ong bo hoa.
2. Mot ng dung tai o, dien tau cua mot be
c thu va sau o, thu lai vao ban ang thu mo
thi iem khac.
Foldback

Tn hieu gi tr ve

Thuat ng nay thng c dung chau Au.

Tn hieu c gi tr lai ngi bieu dien qua loa hay
ta inghe e giup ho kiem tra c am thanh ma mnh
ang tao ra.
Formant

Dang mau tan so

Mot yeu to trong am thanh cua giong hat hay

nhac cu; yeu to nay khong b bien oi khi am
thanh c phat nhng cao o khac nhau. Do o,
formant bieu th ac tnh, ve, sac rieng cua tng
loai am thanh. Noi cach khac, moi loai thanh co
mot formant rieng, khac nhau.
Frame

Khung

1. S phan chia mot giay thanh n v nho hn

trong qua trnh ong bo hoa (synchronization) va thu
tieng.

88

2. Lng thi gian ma mot hnh anh tnh c

dien ra tren phim anh hay video
Frequency

Tan so

Frequency Response Hoi ap tan so

o nhay ma mot thiet b ien t (nh micro,
ampli, loa, v.v...) phan ng trc cac tan so khac
nhau; thng c truyen at bang o th.

Gain Cng o tn hieu at c

Lng gia tang ve o manh cua tn hieu am
thanh, thng c tnh bang dB.
Gain Control Bo kiem soat cng o tn hieu at
c
Dung cu lam thay oi gain cua mot ampli hay
mach ien, thng la mot nut num tron co the
quay hay can trt len xuong.

89

Gain Reduction o giam gain; o giam khuech ai

Hoat ong cua mot thiet b nen hay thiet b gii
han lam giam gain
Gate
Thiet b x ly ong lc lam tat hay lam giam
mot kenh khi tn hieu rt xuong di mot mc o
nhat nh nao o.
Generation
Thuat ng c dung e mo ta so lan ma
mot tn hieu audio a c thu se hay a c sao
chep.
Graphic Equalizer Thiet b equalizer dung o hoa
Thiet b nay co bo ieu chnh anh hng tren
mot tan so rieng le se thay oi khi di chuyen cac
thanh trt (hai thong so phu thuoc nhau). Ngoai ra,
moi v tr cua bo ieu chnh con c bieu th bang
mot hnh anh quan sat c.
Ground Day at
Trong nganh ien t, thuat ng nay ch cho
ma hieu ien the co gia tr la 0 Volt.
Group

Nhom kenh

1. Mot so kenh hay can gat (fader) co the c

kiem soat bang Master trt VCA.
2. Cach goi tat cua Recording Group (la mot Bus
hay hay s gii thieu tn hieu tren Buss)

90

Group Faders

Can gat ieu chnh cac group tren

mixer
Grouping
1. ieu khien gain cua mot vai kenh rieng biet
bang Group Fader.
2. Tron vai tn hieu am thanh rieng biet lai vi
nhau thanh mot tn hieu chung e gi ra ngoai mixer
en may thu nhieu ng tieng e thu lai.

Hall, Hall Effect

Loai hieu qua c tao c tao bi mot nhom
cac am phan xa au tien (xem EARLY REFLECTIONS)
cho ket qua nh trong mot khong gian bieu dien
rong ln cua mot hoi trng (hall).
Hard Disk Recording Thu vao a (o) cng

91

Harmonics
Toan bo so lng tan so xac nh nen mau
sac (am sac, xem TIMBRE) giup nhan ra c am
thanh ac trng cua mot nhac cu.
Head

au t
Mot phan cua thiet b lam nhiem vu chuyen

oi ngay am thanh hay tn hieu audio t dang nang

lng nay sang dang nang lng khac. Trong may thu
phat bang, no c goi la au t.
Head Amp
Ten goi cua ngi Anh danh cho Preamplifier (loai
ampli c thiet ke e nhan tn hieu co cng o
thap, nh ngo ra cua au t, roi nang no len
cng o bnh thng)
Headphones

Tai nghe

Headroom
1. Sai biet ve am lng (tnh bang dB) gia am
lng hoat ong bnh thng vi am lng kep (clip)
trong mot ampli hay thiet b audio.
2. Sai biet ve am lng gia am lng hoat
ong bnh thng cua bang t vi am lng b
bien dang khoang 3%.
High Frequency

Tan so cao

Tan so t 6000 Hz tr len

High Pass Filter

Bo loc thong tan so cao

92

Thiet b loc nham ngan can cac tan so thap

hn mot tan so nao o (goi la tan so cat), va
ch e tan so cao hn mc o i qua.
Horn

Loa bong, loa treble, loa ken

Loa c thiet ke cho cac song am c don qua

mot ca rat hep dan ra mot mieng m rong. Cach

lam nay tao nen am thanh bong va sac.
Howlback
Thuat ng c ngi Anh dung e goi hien
tng Feedback.
Hum
Dong ien 60 Hz c cung cap hay cam ng tnh
c vao trong thiet b ien t. No tao nen am thanh
ngoai y muon nghe thay trong loa kiem tra hoac tai
nghe
Hz

viet tat cua Hertz (n v o tan so)

I
In-line Console

93

Mixer loai console ma module cua no co bo phan

ieu chnh cac phan console khac.
Input Ngo vao; nhan tn hieu vao
Input Monitor
Mot nut tren cac thiet b thu bang t cho phep
kiem soat, ieu chnh am lng cua tn hieu vao
trong khi qua trnh x ly am thanh ang dien ra.
Insert

Chen tn hieu, chen am thanh

Insert Jacks

au cam chen tn hieu

Loai au cam hay lo cam e a tn hieu t

ngoai chen vao thiet b (thng la comopressor hay
limiter)
Interface
I/O

Giao dien

Viet tat cua Input/Output

Cong cua mot thiet b (thng la ky thuat so)

cho phep va nhan tn hieu vao (In) va gi tn hieu

i (Out)
Isolation Cach am

94

Jack

au cam, cai cam (tren mot day dan, day

ket noi)
Jack Bay
Mot loat nhng jack cam noi ket cac ngo vao
va ngo ra cua thiet b vi bo phan (hay phong)
kiem soat

Keyboard Controller

an phm MIDI, an phm cam

95

Mot thiet b co phm nh an kyeboard nhng ch

phat ra tn hieu MIDI.
Keyboard Workstation
Mot vai phan thiet b MIDI c lap at tren
cung mot gia khung (chassis). Cac phan thiet b o
co the la: mot an orgue phm, mot may phat
mau (sample player), mot sequencer, va co the co
ca mot phan tong hp (synthesizer) va mot o a.
Keynote Number
Con so c gan cho tng phm cua an
synthesizer hay an phm cam ma se c dung e
chuyen tai tn hieu.

96

Leakage

Ro r (am thanh)

Am thanh t cac nhac cu hay cac nguon am

khac c micro thu lai khong theo y muon cua
chung ta.
LED
en bieu th dong (ien) lu thong ch theo mot
hng va sang len khi hieu the vt qua mot gia
tr cho phep.
LED Indicator

en ch nh LED

en ch nh hoat ong thu cua mot thiet b

Limiter Thiet b gii han
Thiet b giam mc gain khi hieu the ngo vao
vt qua mot mc nao o.
Line In, Line Input

Ngo vao ng Line

Ngo vao nay c dung e phan biet vi ngo

vao cua Micro.
Line Out, Line Output
Link

Ngo ra ng Line

ket noi, lien ket.

Trong pham vi cac thiet b nen va cac bo phan

x ly ong lc, thuat ng nay bieu th s ket hp

cac tn hieu ngo vao cua 2 kenh tren mot thiet b
nen (hay bo [han x ly ong lc) e ca 2 kenh
nay luon co cung mc gain .
97

Local (Mode) On/Off

Mot nut hay mot chc nang tren an orgue
ien t cho phep ket noi (v tr ON) hay tach ri (v
tr OFF) phan keyboard control cua mot module am
thanh cua an synthesizer.
Loudness

o ln cua am thanh; cng o am

thanh.
Loudspeaker

Loa

Low End
Tieng long nghe nghiep e goi cac tn hieu co
tan so thap.
Low-Pass Filter

Bo loc thong tan so thap

Thiet b loc nham ngan can cac tan so cao hn

mot tan so nao o (goi la tan so cat), va ch
e tan so thap hn mc o i qua.

98

Master

Goc, chu, chnh

Master Fader Can gat chnh

Can gat kiem soat am lng ngo ra chnh
cua ban mixer, cua may thu nhieu ng tieng.
MDM

Viet tat cua Modular Digital Multitrack

May thu nhieu ng tieng ky thuat so theo

kieu Module. May thu nay thng co 8 ng tieng,

co the chay ong bo vi nhng may khac (cung
loai, v du loai ADAT) e cho thanh mot he thong
nhieu ng tieng hn.
Mic Viet tat cua Microphone
Mic Gain Control

Bo phan chnh am lng Micro

La mot num hay nut chnh gain tren may preampli danh cho micro e tranh qua tai cho micro.
Mic Input

Ngo vao danh cho Micro

Mic Level

Mc o am thanh cho () Micro

Mic/Line (Switch)

Nut chuyen Mic/Line

Tren mixer, ay la nut cho phep la chon chc

nang cua mot kenh la danh cho viec nhan tn hieu
t Micro (Mic) hay t cac thiet b, nhac cu khac (Line).
Mic Pad

Tam giam on, nhieu trc micro

Mid Range Frequencies

Tan so khu vc trung bnh

Cac tan so t 250 Hz en 6000 Hz.

MIDI

Giao dien ky thuat so cho nhac cu

99

Viet

tat

cua

Musical

Instrument

Digital

Interface. Mot he thong tn hieu ky thuat so c

dung e cho cac nhac cu khac chung loai co the
giao tiep, trao oi thong tin vi nhau.
MIDI Channel

Kenh MIDI

MIDI Controller Thiet b MIDI kiem soat

Thiet b ma khi nhac cong chi se phat ra tn
hieu MIDI e kiem soat cac synthesizers (an
keyboard tong hp) hay cac may phat tieng (sound
module) khac.
MIDI Interface
MIDI Patch Bay

Giao dien MIDI

Bang (thiet b) cam MIDI

Bang hay ca thiet b ch gom cac lo cam MIDI

In (vao) MIDI Out (ra) e noi ket va truyen t bat
c ngo ra nao en bat c ngo vao nao, ong
thi tiet kiem nhieu day noi.

MIDI Sequencer
Mot pham mem vi tnh hay mot may ien toan
co the thu va phat d lieu MIDI e co the kiem
soat c viec trnh tau cua cac nhac cu hay thiet
b MIDI khac trong mot chuoi cac thiet b.
MIDI Time Code (viet tat: MTC) Ma thi gian theo MIDI
Tat ca cac thong tin cua ma thi gian theo
SMPTE c chuyen oi sang phan tng ng trong tn
hieu MIDI.

100

Mini Disk
Mix

a CD nho.

Tron, pha; Tn hieu pha tron.

1. Hoa cac tn hieu am thanh lai vi nhau thanh

mot tn hieu hon hp.

2. Mot thiet b, bo phan kiem soat hay mot
chc nang cua mot thiet b tao am doi va cac
hieu qua am tre dung e kiem soat lng tn hieu
trc tiep se c tron vi tn hieu a c thc
hien.
Mixer

Thiet b pha tron (am thanh); Ngi ieu

khien
thiet b pha tron
Mixdown (Mix Down) Tron tieng hoan chnh
Ket hp cac tn hieu t cac ng tieng cua
mot bang thu nhieu ng tieng vao mot bang
master (bang chu, bang goc); khi o cung co the
them cac hieu qua khac vao.
Mixing Console

(xem them CONSOLE)

Thiet b co the ket hp vai tn hieu vao trong

mot hay nhieu tn hieu theo t le bat ky.

Mixing Desk

May, thiet b tron tieng

Thuat ng tieng Anh dung ong ngha vi t

console
Modular Digital Multitrack

May thu nhieu ng

tieng ky
thuat so loai Module

101

May thu ky thuat so co nhieu ng tieng,

thng la 8 ng, co the van hanh ong bo vi
cac may khac (thuoc cung loai) e co them nhieu
ng tieng hn. May thu thng hieu ADAT la mot v
du.
Module
Mot nhom cac mach ien va bo phan kiem
soat oc lap tren mot vo thao lap, di chuyen
c; thng co tren cac console.
Monitor
1. Nghe kiem tra
2. Dung cu nghe tra (loa,...) hay xem (man hnh,...)
e kiem tra.
3. Bieu th bang ong ho o hay bang en cho
biet tnh trang hoat ong cua thiet b (mach ien,...)
Mono (Am thanh) n
1. Viet tat cua Monophonic. Vi ngha la ch
co hay ch c lay ra t mot nguon am.
2. Tren an hay thiet b tong hp (synthesizer),
thuat ng nay co ngha ch mot cao o c phat
ra ngay luc o.
Moving Coil Microphone

Micro co loi (than) di ong

Thuat ng ong ngha vi Dynamic Microphone

(Micro loai ong lc). loai micro nay mang rung
lam di chuyen mot loai c treo trong t trng e
phat ra hieu ien the tng ng vi ap lc am
thanh nhan vao au micro.

102

Moving Fader Automation

T ong hoa can gat di

chuyen
Tren mixer loai consoles, ay la mot ac tnh cho
phep ngi ky s lap trnh cac thay oi mc o
cua can gat (fader) e nhng thay oi nay t ong
dien ra lam phat mot may thu nhieu ng tieng.
(Cac can gat c di chuyen nhi vao mot ong c
nho).
MTC
Viet tat cua MIDI Time Code
Multitrack Recording

Phng phap thu am tren nhieu

ng tieng

1. Ky thuat thu am nhieu nhac cu khac nhau

tren cac phan khac nhau cua cung mot si bang,
co the thu cung mot luc tng tieng e sau o can
chnh am thanh lai cho hoan hao hn.
2. Phng pha pthu am theo ky thuat so dung
cho nhieu nhac cu khac nhau tren o a cng trong
cac tap tin d lieu khac nhau, co the thu cung mot
luc tng tieng e sau o can chnh thanh lai cho
hoan hao hn.
Multitrack Tape

Bang thu nhieu ng tieng

Loai bang vi si bang co the lu tr c hai

hay nhieu tn hieu rieng biet, cung mot luc.
Mute

Cam

Mute Switch

Nut cam

Nut dung e tat mot kenh, tach ri tn hieu

trong ng tieng (track) ra khoi phan nghe kiem tra,
103

hay tat tn hieu cua toan bo he thong nghe kiem

tra (monitor).

Near Field

Trng gan

Near Field Monitoring Kiem tra trong trng gan

Viec nghe kiem tra bang mot he thong loa c
thiet ke ac biet cho nhng trng hp khoang
cach rat gan t ngi nghe kiem tra en loa.
Noise

Tieng on

Noise Filter

Bo loc tieng on

Noise Gate

Cong chong tieng on

Cong hay ca c dung e tat mot kenh am

thanh (audio) khi tieng on thay v tn hieu audio xuat
hien.
Noise Reduction Bo phan giam tieng on
Non-Directional

Khong nh hng

Thuat ng nay dung e phan loai cac ng

ac tnh nh hng cua microphone. No cung ngha
104

vi thuat ng Omni-Directional (nh hng hnh

cau) e ch viec micro co the nhan am thanh t
moi hng.
Non-Distructive Editing
Co the hieu la Viec soan thao khong pha
huy. ay la mot hoat ong trong qua trnh Thu Am
Thanh Ky Thuat So Tren O Cng (Digital Disk Audio
Recording), trong o viec phat lai (playback) tn hieu
audio ky thuat so c lap trnh e phat mot vai
be nay ma khong phat mot so be khac.
Non-Linear

Khong tuyen tnh, phi tuyen tnh

ieu kien e co c mot s thay oi ngo

ra cua thiet b ma khong ty le tng ng vi bien
oi xay ra ngo vao. Nh the thng gay ra bien
dang am, meo am.
Notch
Mot loai dai hep cua tan so am thanh (audio).
Notch Filter

Bo loc tan so Notch

Thiet b cho phep loai tr cac tn hieu co tan

so nam trong mot dai hep nao o cua tan so am
thanh va cho cac tn hieu khac i qua.
Null
1/- V tr khong La v tr ma o nang lng
hay hoat ong la zero (0).
2/- mot mixer t ong hoa, o la v tr cua
can gat (fader) tai iem ung vi iem goc c
dung e khi au viec tron tieng t ong.

105

Nyquest Frequency

Tan so Nyquest

Tan so cao nhat co the c thu va c tai

tao mot cach chnh xac bang mot ty so tao mau
(sampling rate) ac biet (mot tan so bang mot na
ty so tao mau).
Nyquest Rate

Ty so Nyquest

Ty so tao mau thap nhat co the c dung

e thu va tai tao mot tan so am thanh cho trc.

Omni-Directional

nh hng hnh cau

1/- Trong lanh vc microphone, thuat ng nay

dung e ch viec nhan tn hieu t moi hng.
2/- Trong pham vi loa, thuat ng nay dien ta viec
gi tn hieu i moi hng.
106

Omni Mode The thc Omni

Viec nhan va ap tra tat ca cac kenh MIDI.
Open Circuit

Mach h

1/- Hien tng gian oan dong ieu lu thong

trong vat dan ien.
2/- Trong lanh vc may khuech ai am thanh,
thuat ng nay dien ta tnh trang khong co g cung
cap cho ngo vao.
Open Track

ng tieng m

ng tieng chua c thu trong mot bang thu

nhieu ng tieng.
Oscillator
1/- May o dao ong, dao ong ke.
2/- Thiet b phat tieng trong mot thiet b/an
tong hp (synthesizer).
Output

Ngo ra, cong ra

Output Impedance Tong tr ngo ra

Output Level

Mc o tn hieu ngo ra

Overdubbing

Thu chong

1/- Them cac be nhac vao mot ng tieng

bang thu nhieu ng tieng.
2/- Gi mot tn hieu a c thu t trc qua
mixer e tron no vi tn hieu audio t mot bang thu
khac.
Overload

Qua tai.

Overload Indicator

en bao s qua tai.

107

en ch nh (LED) tren mot kenh cua mixer

bao hieu ngo vao hay mot phan khac cua mach
ang nhan s truyen qua tai.

Pad
1/- Thiet b lam giam, thng c dung e
tranh s qua tai cua amplifier..
2/- Dung cu lam giam cng o am thanh cua
trong hay tieng trong trong thiet b sequencer.
Panpot (Pan Pot)
Mot thiet b ien phan phoi mot tn hieu audio
ti hai hay nhieu kenh hoac loa.
Parallel Port

Cong song song

Mot loai jack cam co the va gi va nhan d

lieu ky thuat so cung luc.
108

Parameter

Thong so

Moi s hieu chnh eu co the dan en s thay

oi trong thiet b.
Parametric EQ Thiet b chnh tan so theo thong so
Mot thiet b ieu chnh tan so (equalizer) trong
o cac thong so chnh tan so (EQ) co the c
ieu chnh.
Patch
Gi tn hieu i hoac ve trong mot he thong audio
(chang han mixer) bang cach dung nhng day
cap ngan co au cam vao lo cam (jack).
Patch Bay He thong lo cam
Mot loat nhng lo cam c ket noi vi nhau
sao cho tao c nhieu ngo vao va ngo ra nhat cho
cac thiet b nh: mixer, may thu phat bang, thiet b
effects, v,v,,, va ca cho nhng phan khac nhau cua
cac thiet b.
Path

ng dan (tn hieu)

PCM

ieu bien ma mach

Viet tat cua Pulse Code Modulation. La viec s

dung nhng nhp bien o trong bang t e thu cac

bit thong tin ky thuat so cua tn hieu am thanh ky
thuat so.
Peak

nh
1/- iem cao nhat cua hnh song audio.
2/- Ni co s ap tra tan so cao nhat trong o

th ap tra tan so.

109

Peak Level

nh Peak Value

Peak Value

Gia tr nh

Gia tr tc thi cc ai dng hay am cua mot

hnh song.
Phantom Power

ien the phantom

ien the mot chieu (DC, thng t 12 en 48

Volt) thng c dung e cung cap cho loai micro tu
ien.
Phantom Powering

Cung cap ien the phantom

He thong cung cap ien cho micro dung ien the

phantom giam thieu toi a bo cung cap ien t ben
ngoai micro.
Phase

Pha

Viec o lng (tnh bang o) thi gian sai biet

gia hai dang song tng t.
Phase Distortion

Bien dang pha

Bien oi ve am thanh do mot pha trong tn hieu

b di i.
Phasing

Hieu qua do khac pha

Mot hieu qua c tao bi viec tron mot tn

hieu (thng c goi la tn hieu trc tiep) vi pha
bien oi cua chnh no.
Phon
1/- n v cng o tng ng cua moi tan so
am thanh.

110

2/- Phon c tnh bang dBspl 100 Hz nhng

thay oi cac tan so khac nhau da vao o nhay
vi tan so cua tai.
Ping-Ponging
Viec phat vai ng tieng a c thu (trc
o) vi phan phat lai ong bo qua mot mixer e
tron chung lai va thu vao mot ng tieng m
(open track).

Plate
1/- Mot loai thiet b doi am ngc (reverb) trong
o ngi ta treo mot tam kim loai ln bang cac kep
lo xo, no chuyen ong nh khoi nam cham hnh con
trong loa.
2/- Tam ien cc e nhan electron trong mot en
ien t.
Playback
Pole Mode

Phat lai
The thc a am (Pole)

Trong ky thuat MIDI, ay la mot the thc cho

phep tat ca cac be cua thiet b synthesizer c
ch nh (dien ra) mot luc nhieu be (a am polyphonic).
Polyphonic

a am

Co kha nang phat nhieu cao o cung mot luc

trong thiet b synthesizer.
Pop Filter Tam li loc tieng

111

Mot dung cu thng la tam tron hnh lui c

at gia micro va ca s e tranh cac tieng pop do
ca s tao ra.
Port

Cong, ngo

Post Production

(ky thuat, cong viec) Hau ky

Power Amplifier

May khuech ai am thanh

Power Supply
Pre-Amp

Nguon (cung cap) ien

May tien khuech ai

Loai may khuech ai am thanh o on thap c

thiet ke e nhan tn hieu co cng o thap va
a len lai mc cng o bnh thng.

Pre/Post Switch

Nut Pre/Post

Nut nhan tren module ngo vao (Input) cua ban

mixer cho phep xac nh cac hieu ng c a vao
trc hay sau can gat chnh cua kenh. (Xem them Pre
Fader).
Pre Fader
S cai at viec gi tn hieu en trc can gat
chnh cua kenh.
PFL (Pre Fader Listen)
Mach phat rieng (solo) cho phep tn hieu cua
kenh c nghe trc can gat chnh cua kenh.
Pre-Mix

Tron tieng trc

Tron phan audio cua mot vai thiet b lai vi

nhau trc khi a vao ban mix chnh e tron them
vi phan audio mix tong hp.

112

Preset

Cai at t trc, cai at co san

Program Change
Mot thong tin MIDI gi en thiet b nhan e
thay oi cac cai at co t trc (preset).
Punching In and Out
Punch la thuat ng nay c dung e ch
mot ky thuat thu am nh sau: Chen them mot am
thanh mi (la tn hieu Audio hay MIDI) e thay the hay
bo sung cho am thanh a c thu t trc vao mot
bang t hay ng tieng ang phat ( che o
playback). Khi en v tr can chen, thiet b thu t
ong chuyen sang che o thu, goi la Punch In va khi
a thu xong, thiet b chuyen sang Punch Out.

Quad (Quadraphonic)
Mot he thong co am thanh c phat nh tren 4
kenh. Cac kenh nay c thiet ke e nghe nh

113

ben trai - phia trc, phia sau va ben phai - phia

trc, phia sau.
Quantize

Lng t hoa

Chuyen oi theo tng bc cac gia tr cua mot

song analog hay nhng xay ra tnh c sang nhng gia
tr la cac day so nh phan.

Rack Gia thiet b, may.

Loai gia co khoang cach c tieu chuan
hoa quoc te e co the lap at cac may moc
114

thiet b c che tao t nhieu hang khac nhau. Gia

nay thng co dang mot thung co 2 mat trc va
sau e trong, con hai mat ben co nhng ranh trt
song song.
Rack Space

Khoang cach cua rack

Kch thc c tieu chuan hoa cua tam be

mat gan thiet b. o la, chieu cao 1 3/4 (inch) va
be rong la 19.
Radio Frequencies Cac tan so radio
Cac tan so cao hn 20.000 Hz (thng tren 100
kHz).
RCA Plug (jack)

Lo cam RCA

Kieu ket noi audio thong thng hay gap nhat

tren cac he thong stereo.

Read Head

au oc

Record Head

au thu

Release
Ty so bieu th s sut giam cng o (am thanh)
cua mot thiet b tong hp (synthesizer) cho en luc
khong con am thanh khi phm an c nhan
xuong.
Release Time

Thi gian giam sut

ay la mot thong so trong thiet b nen

(compressor) cho biet can phai thi gian t khi cng
o tn hieu tut di iem Threshold (xem Threshold)

115

cho en khi at c 2/3 so Gain-Reduction cua gia tr

goc.
Remixer

Chuyen vien lam Re-mixing

Re-Mixing
1/- Thuat ng nay ong ngha vi t Mixdown,
nhng t c dung hn.
2/- Mixdown lai mot ca khuc theo phong cach khac,
thng la them cac phan phu.
Resonance

(S, am thanh) cong hng

Resonant Frequency Tan so cong hng

Reverb

Dang viet tat cua Reverberation

Reverberation (Tieng, am, hien tng) Doi lai

Hien tng xay ra khi nguon am a tat han ma
am thanh cua no con vang tiep tuc vi cng o
giam dan en khi tat han. Thi gian doi lai nay
thng co gii han trong khoang t 0,3 giay en 99
giay.
RF Dang viet tat cua Radio Frequency
Rhythm Track(s)

ng tieng thu tiet ieu

Room Equalization
Phan ieu chnh tan so am thanh (equalizer)
c lap vao he thong nghe kiem tra e bu lai
nhng thay oi tan so ap tra gay ra bi am vang
cua phong.
Room Sound
Moi trng cua mot can phong bao gom ca
am doi lai va tieng on phan nen,

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Sample Tao mau, lay mau; Mau (tieng)

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1/- Trong thu am ky thuat so, thuat ng nay

dung e ta viec o mc o cua mot hnh song
trong mot khoanh khac cho trc.
2/- Trong viec chuyen oi t tn hieu analog sang
digital bien o cua tn hieu c phan thanh nhng
khoang eu nhau, goi la mau (Sample)
3/- Thu mot mau am thanh ngan e khi can co
the phat lai.
Sample Rate Ty so tao mau, Tan so tao mau
Trong thu am ky thuat so, ay la so lng
nhng lan mau c thu trong mot giay. V n v la
Hz, nen ngi ta con goi khai niem nay bang
thuat ng Tan so tao mau.
Sampler

(Thiet b, may) tao mau

Sawtooth Waveform

Dang song hnh rang ca

Sequence
1/- Viec phat nhng s kien am nhac (nh cao
o, am vang cua mau, dau lang,) mot cach t
ong theo th t tng bc mot.
2/- Viec lap trnh mot computer e no t ong
phat cac s kien am nhac tng bc mot.
Sequencer
Mot thiet b ien toan co the c lap trnh e
phat cac s kien am nhac theo tng bc mot.
Set up
Shelf

Lap at, cai at (thiet b, may, micro,)

xem Shelving

Shelf Filter

xem Shelving Filter

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Shelving
ay la loai bien dang tan so theo hnh xep lp
(nh vo so) trong viec chnh tan so am thanh
(equalizing). Loai bien dang nay co tan so i qua
(By-pass) c chon trong vung t 30 en 500 Hz hay
t 2 en 20 kHz. Va t o, o khuech ai hay nen
se c ieu chnh trong khoang +/- 15 dB.
Shelving Filter He thong loc tao bien dang xep lp
Ten goi cua mot mach trong equalizer tao nen
chc nang lam bien dang tan so theo kieu Shelving.
Shock Mount

Gia chong rung (cho Micro)

Short Delay
Thi gian Delay ngan, thng di 20 mili giay
Shotgun Microphone
Loai micro co phan loc hnh ong dai. No co kha
nang can nhng am thanh en t 2 ben e nhan
am thanh tot hn en t mot hng nh trc.
Signal

Tn hieu

Signal Path ng dan tn hieu

Sine Wave

Song hnh Sin

SMPTE
1/- Viet tat cua Society of Motion Picture and
Television Engineers Hiep hoi cac ky s truyen hnh
va ien anh; c than hlap nam 1972.
2/- Dang goi tat cua SMPTE Time Code
SMPTE Time Code

Ma thi gian SMPTE

Ma thi gian c tieu chuan hoa va tn hieu

ong bo (sync) do Hiep hoi SMPTE quy nh. Vi ma

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thi gian nay moi hnh anh cua oan thu video c
gan cho mot gia tr thi gian chnh xac.
Software

Phan mem

Solo Switch

Nun chon che o Solo

Sound

Tieng, am thanh

Sound Absorption
Sound Effects
Sound Module

Hap thu am thanh

Cac hieu qua am thanh

Thiet b, bo phan phat tieng

Bo phan phat tn hieu cua mot synthesizer hay

mot n v (thiet b) phat lai mau am thanh. Bo
phan nay gi ra ben ngoai mot tn hieu audio tng
ng vi cac thong tin MIDI se en. ay cung la
mot thiet b phat am thanh khong dung en phm
(nh tren an phm).
Sound Source Nguon am
Sound Track

ng tieng

Sound Wave

Song am thanh

Speaker

Loa

Split
1/- Mot ky thuat s dung mixer da tren viec
tach am thanh phan Group/Monitor ra thanh 2
ng dan en 2 ni khac nhau.
2/- Chc nang tach ban phm an ra lam 2 khu
vc phat ra 2 loai tieng khac nhau (nh khu vc tay
trai dien am thanh cua piano, khu vc tay phai dien
tieng strings, v.v)

Split Keyboard an phm co chc nang tach tieng

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Stage Monitor Loa kiem tra at san khau

Standing Wave

Song ng

Hien tng xay ra khi song am thang ng b

giao thoa vi chnh am phan xa cua no va lam cho
nguon am c khuech ai hoac b mat han. Hien
tng nay co the c hnh thanh gia hai mat
phang song song (nh tran va san cua phong thu).
Stereo

(Am thanh) noi, lap the

Stereo Miking
Cach lap at 2 micro (thng la loai micro mono)
sao cho ngo ra cua he thong nay tao nen am thanh
noi (stereo).
Subgroup

Nhom cuc bo, nhom phu

Submaster

Can gat phu

Can gat kiem soat c cng o am thanh

mot so kenh tren mixer (ch khong kiem soat c
tat ca cac kenh, nh can gat chnh main fader)
Submix

Tron tieng tng phan

Tron cac tn hieu audio mot vai kenh tren

mixer lai e co c am thanh stereo.
Sum
Tn hieu c tron t 2 kenh stereo co cng o
bang nhau.
Surround Sound

Am thanh bao quanh

Ky thuat thu am va phat lai sao cho chat lng

am thanh pha trc, pha sau va 2 ben eu tot.
Sustain

Treo

121

Hien tng mot cao o am thanh tren nhac cu

(b) ngan dai (thng la ngoai y muon).
Switch

Nut gat, nut bat

Sync
1/- Mach trong mot may thu nhieu ng tieng
cho phep au t dung e thu lai co the c dung
e phat lai sau o.
2/- Viet tat cua Synchronization
Synchronization

S ong bo hoa

Chc nang chay, hoat ong ca 2 hay nhieu thiet

b cung mot luc.
Synchronizer

Thiet b ong bo

Co nhiem vu ieu khien cac thiet b nh may

thu, computer, cung van hanh mot luc.
Synthesizer

(an, thiet b) tong hp

Take

oan bang c chon trc

Talkback

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He thong cho phep ky s am thanh noi chuyen

qua microphone t phong kiem tra vi ngi bieu
dien ang trong phong thu. Giong noi cua ngi
kiem tra c truyen qua cac loa kiem tra cung nh
qua cac tai nghe trong phong thu.
Tape

Bang t
Dang viet tat cua Magnetic Tape

Tape Delay

Tn hieu tre bang t

Tn hieu tr hoan do s sai biet ve thi gian gia

au (t) thu va phat lai trong mot may thu phat
bang t.
Tape Hiss

Tieng on bang t a c thu

Tape Recorder

May thu phat bang t

Three To One Rule Luat 3 vao 1

Luat quy nh rang khoang cach gia cac
microphone phai t nhat bang 3 lan khoang cach cua
tng micro en nguon am cua no.
Three Way Speaker

Loa 3 ng

He thong loa gom cac loa phan biet e phat lai

cac tan so tram (bass), trung (mid-range) va bong
(treble).
Threshold

Gia tr gii han cua tn hieu vao

Tai gia tr nay mot thiet b x ly am sac bat

au b bien oi ve cng o.
Thru Dang viet tat cua Through

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Ten goi ngo ra MIDI Thru (xuyen qua), cung vi

MIDI In (vao) va MIDI Out lam thanh cac cong giao
tiep gia cac thiet b MIDI vi nhau.
Thru Box

Hop truyen MIDI

Thiet b co mot cong MIDI In va vai cong MIDI

Out; moi cong MIDI Out co cung tn hieu nh cong
MIDI In nhng vi mot o tre tn hieu thng khoang
4 mili giay (ms).
Time Code

Goi tat cua SMPTE Time Code

Timing Clock
Cung ngha vi MIDI Clock. o la d lieu thi
gian trong tn hieu MIDI lam tang tng bc, moi lan
1/24 phach va co the c dung e ong bo hoa
2 sequencer vi nhau.
Tone Generator (Thiet b, mach) phat am, tieng
Track

ng tieng, ng am thanh
Tren mot si bang t, thng congam

thanh: Trai (L) va Phai (R), tao nen loai am thanh noi
(stereo). nhng may thu am hien ai, ngi ta
dung loai bang t co the thu phat tren nhieu
ng tieng (8, 16, hay 24 ng)
Tracking
Viec thu am vao tng ng tieng khac nhau.
Transmit Truyen lenh MIDI en thiet b khac
Transport Controls

He thong ieu khien viec

truyen tai bang t

He thong nay gom cac chc nang thng gap
nh: PLAY, STOP, RECORD, FORWARD, REWIND

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Treble Frequencies
Trim Control

Tan so am thanh bong

Thiet b cat giam

Thiet b lam giam cng o cua tn hieu trong

mot may khuech ai am thanh.
Tube

en chan khong

Tweeter

Loa bong

Loai loa c thiet ke e ch phat tan so cao.

Two Way Speaker

Loa 2 ng

He thong loa gom cac loa phan biet e phat lai

cac tan so thap (goi la loa woofer) va bong (goi la
loa tweeter).

Unidirectional

nh hng mot chieu

Unity Gain
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Khong co s tang hay giam cng o tn hieu

ngo ra cua ampli hay thiet b so vi cng o
ngo vao.
Upper Midrange
Khu vc tan so t 2 kHz en 6 kHz.

Vacuum Tube

en chan khong; en bong ien t

Variable-D
Mot ky thuat do hang Electrovoice (EV) phat minh
ra. Ngi ta tao mot vai cong ac biet tren vo
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micro e ngay cang lam giam o nhay vi am

thanh co tan so cao.
VCA Viet tat cua Voltage Controlled Amplifier
May, bo phan khuech ai lam thay oi cng
o am thanh (gain) tng ng vi mc o ien the
kiem soat c a vao.
VCO

Viet tat cua Voltage Control Oscillator

1/- May, thiet b dao ong phat ra ien the kiem

soat xoay chieu (AC), thng dung mot dao ong ke

tan so thap e cho ra mot tn hieu nam trong
khoang t 0,1 Hz en 10 Hz.
2/- May, thiet b dao ong lam thay oi tan so
tng ng vi ien the kiem soat c a vao ngo
input.
VGD

Viet tat cua Very Good Take

Thuat ng rieng cua gii phong thu e ch

mot oan bang chon trc (xem Take) a c thu cho

mot giong nao o.
Virtual Tracking
1/- Trong he thong MIDI, thuat ng nay ch viec
co mot MIDI sequencer van hanh ong bo vi mot
may thu phat bang nhieu ng tieng va ieu
khien viec phat lai (playback) cung luc vi cac
phan a thu.
2/- Trong cac thiet b thu nhieu ng tieng bang
o cng (hard disk), thuat ng nay ch mot ng
tieng (track) khong the c phat ong thi vi
cac ng tieng khac trong cung mot nhom (group).
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V du, neu track 8 co 4 virtual tracks, th ch co mot

trong so 4 virtual tracks nay co the phat lai trong mot
luc thoi.
Vocal Booth
Phong nho co cach am e thu giong hat.
Voice Giong; Be; ng tieng tren an ien t
Voc. Viet tat cua Vocal
Thuoc ve giong hat; Be em.
Voltage ien the, hieu (ien) the
Volume
1/- Thuat ng khong chuyen e ch mc o
ap lc cua am thanh.
2/- Goi tat cua Volume Control, bo phan kiem
soat cng o (gain) am thanh tren may amplifier.
Khong co s tang hay giam cng o tn hieu

Volume Unit

Thiet b o cng o am thanh.

Thiet b hien th s thay oi o ln (loudness)

cua am thanh. Thc o trong thiet b nay dung n
v decibel (dB) va tng ng vi s ap ng cua tai
ngi vi cac loai tan so.
Vox

Mot dang viet tat khac cua Vocal

VU

Viet tat cua Volume Unit

VU Meter

ong ho o cng o am thanh.

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Wave

Song, song am
129

Waveform (Hnh) dang song

Wavelength
Wet

o dai song, bc song

t
Tieng long nghe nghiep e ch tnh trang co

them s doi am hay tac ong cua moi trng.

Windscreen

Mang chan gio

Wireless Microphone Micro khong day

Woofer
Loai loa ch phat ra am thanh tram (bass).
Workstation

Tram ieu hanh

Mot thiet b co the ieu hanh nhieu chc

nang khac nhau, c thiet cho mot ngi ieu
khien ma thoi. Dang thng gap cua thiet b nay
la cac an keyboard ien t khong co loa gan lien
(cam).

130