[ ]

[ ]
[ 2
]

 (2)
1

.................................................................................................................3
1.1

............................................................................................................3

1.2

............................................3

1.3

....................4

1.4

: .....................................................................5

.........................................................................................6
2.1

:...............................................................................................................6

2.2

:....................................................................................................6

2.3

:...................................................................................7

2.3.1

1.................................................................................................................................7

2.3.2

2.................................................................................................................................7

2.3.3

3.................................................................................................................................7

............................................................................7
3.1

1 ( )...................................................................7

3.2

2 ( )..............................................................7

3.3

3. ( )...................................................................8

.................................................................................................................8
4.1

..........................................................................................................8

4.2

.........................................................................9

...................................................................................................10

2 10

 (2)

1
1.1

,
,
()
().

..
1.2

O ,
.
, , .

, .
, , ,
,
.
,
( ) .
. ,
,
. .
,
.


!!!
,

, .

3 10

 (2)
,
.
.
80 - 95% ,
45-50%,
70-95%.
, ,
. , ,

. ,
.


( ), ,
, . ,
.
H2O
.
,
.
;
.
.

,
, .
1.3

.
(),
.
, .

4 10

 (2)
, .
,
( ).
, .
, . ,
, ,
.
1.4

,

,

( ),
,
:

.
.

.

.

,
.

5 10

 (2)
2

.

.

.
2.1

1.
2. ( )
3.
4.
5.
2.2

.

, ( ).

. ,
, .

6 10

 (2)

2.3

:
2.3.1

1

. ,

.

.
2.3.2

2
,
,
,
.
.

.
2.3.3

,
. .
, .
3
3.1

1 ( ).

,
,
.
3.2

2 ( ).

,
, , ,
.

7 10

 (2)
,
.
3.3

3. ( ).

,
.

.

, , .
4
4.1

,
(CaCO3)
, (CH3COOH).
:
2CH3COOH + CaCO3 (CH3COO)2Ca + H2CO3.
(H2CO3)
(CO2) (H2O).
:
2CH3COOH + CaCO3 (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2. + 2.
CO2,
CaCO3 () .
( ),
.
,
, (
).

8 10

 (2)
,
.
,
.
, , , ,
, ( ).
.
4.2

.




( ).
( )
(). ,
, .
,
. ,

.
, .
,
.

.

9 10

 (2)

1. http://www.tsamisaquarium.gr/Selides/Themata/WasserFish.htm
2.

http://envifriends.blogspot.gr/2013/05/blog-post_13.html

3. http://chimikoergastirio.blogspot.gr/2010/10/blog-post.html

10 10