Module 1 Figure 17: The Illness Experience: The Child and Adolescent Tafant Toddler Preschooler ‘School-Age Child Adolescent Develop- Achievement of Invitation of autonomy Creation of sense of evelopment of sense Achievement of ‘mental Task awareness of being initiative of industry sense of identity separate from significant others Impact of Potential distortion of Interference with loss __Interferencelloss of Potential feclings of Potential alteration / ness ifferentiation of self ofdeveloping sense accomplishments inadequacy? relinguishment of from of contol, such as walking, inferiority fautonomy newly acquired roles parenvsignificant independence talking, controlling and independences_and responsibilities others basic bodily sre compromised. functions Cognitive Sensorimotor (birth Preaperational thought _Preoperstional Concrete operation Formal operational AgelStage through 2 years) (2-7 yeas: thought: egocentric, thouzht (7-10 thought (11+ years): egocentric, magical, magical tendency to years): beginning of beginning of ability Fite concept of tse and repeat words logical thought bt__to think abstrctl, bodily integrity they don't tendency tobe literal. Existence of some understand, ‘magical thinking providing own (2, feeling guilty ‘explanations and for illness) and definitions. Literal egocentrism, ‘uanslation of words Inability to abstract [Major Fears Separation, strangers Separation, Loss of Boil injury and Loss of control; bodily Loss of control altered ‘conta mutilation; loss of injury and mutilation; body image; contro; the failure to ive upto separation from peer unkown; the dork; expectation of srovp. Deing lft alone. ‘important others; death, Conceptot = NIA Phenomenism (2-7 Phenominism; Contamination: Physiologic: Percsives, Mness contagion Perceivescause asa cause as a extemal, unrelated, person, object or ‘malfunctioning on concrete action external tothe nonfunctioning organ phenomenon as child that is “bad” or or process; can cause oFiliness, eg, “harmful” tothe explain illness in “being sick because body, €85 sequence of events. you don't feel wel.” getting a cold Psychophysialogic: Contagion: Perceiver because youdida’t Reales that cause of illness 25, ‘wear a hat” psychologic actions proximity between Internalization: and attitudes affect {ovo events that Percoivesilnessa health and ince having an external ‘cause but being because you are near located inside the someone who has a body, eg. “getting a cold.” cold by breathing in air and bacteria.” ELNEC Pediante Palave Cre ‘Moule 1 Tavodueiian io Palisve Nursing Care Page TTA © COH & AACN, 2003 Revised: August 2004Module 1 Figure 17: (Continued) Tafant Toddier Preschooler ‘School-Age Child “Adolescent Interventions Provide consistent «Minimize separation Provide simple Provide choices Allow adolescent to be caretakers. ‘rom pareats! concrete ‘whenever possible to an integral part of Minimize separation _ significant others. explanations increase the child's decision-making from parents! ‘Keep security objects at Advance preparation _ sense of control regarding care significant others and, js important days for Stress contact with peer Give information Decrease parental Provide simple, brief major events, hours group. sensitively, since this ancety, which is explanations for minor events. Use diagrams, pictures age group reacts to projected o infant. Explain and maintain Verbal explanations are and models for content of information Maintain cribinursery consistent limits. usually insufficient, explanations, because as well a the manner as'safe place” in Encourage participation 50 use pictures, thinking is concrete. in which itis whieh not invasive in daily eare, ete. ‘models, actual ‘Emphasize the delivered. procedures are Provide opportunities equipment, medical “normal” things the Allow as many choices performed for play and play. play child cando, because and as much control therapy, the ehild does not as possible ‘want tobe seen as Be honest about different. treatment and Reassure child heise consequences. has dane nothing Stress what the wrong, ‘adolescent ean do for hospitalization, etc, is him or herself and the not“punishment.” importance of ‘cooperation and compliance. Assist in maintaining contact with peer group. Ammstrong-Dailey, A., & Zarboca, S, (2001). Hospice care for children (2 ed., pp. 51-53). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ‘Reprinted with permission, ELNEC Pedi Palative Core © COH& AACN, 2008 Revised: August 2004 Page MIS