FLUID MECHANICS FORMULAS

I.

PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

Specific Weight , =

P
RT

Where:

P=absolute pressure

Specific Weight

Specific Weight=

weight
volume

T =absolute temp . KelvinRankine

R= +273 Kelvin

W
=
V

T = +460 Rankine

Specific weight of water at 20 C ;

=9.79 KM /m3

Specific weight of water at 4 C

=9.81 KM /m3

R=gas constant
Mass of Air or Gasses

m=V
Mass Density

Mass Density=
=

mass
volume

Where:

V =volume of container
=density of gasair

m
V

m=mass of gasair

For water:

=1000 kg /m3
=988 kg/m3

at 4 degrees Celsius

Surface Tension (Capillary Rise in Tube)

h=

at 20 degrees Celsius

Specific Volume

Where:

h=capillary risemeters

1
Specific Volume=
mass density

=surface tension N /m
=wetting angle (0 for water ;130 for mercury)

m3
ft 3
Specific Volume=
kg slugs

r=radius of tubemeters

=mass density of water=1000

Bulk Modulus of Water

E=

P
V
V

2 cos
gr

g=9.81m/s 2
II.

BOYLES LAW

P1 V 1=P 2 V 2

Where:

E=bulk modulus
P=change pressure
V =changevolume
Coefficient of Compressibility

1
1
=
=
Bulk modulus E
Where:

=coefficient of compressibility
Specific Weight of Air and Gasses

Where:
||

P1=initial pressure
V 1=initial volume
||
P2=final pressure

V 2=final volume
Before immersion:

P1=0+ P atm
P1=101.3 kPa

kg
m3

A 1= Ah

Overturning Moment ; O. M .=P

After immersion:

P2=Patm + wx

Rx=R . M .O . M .

P2=101.3+9.81 x

III.

Yp

e=

lg
Ss

2
y dA

Ay

Where:

Ss= Ay=statistical moment with respect water surface

lg=moment of inertia with respect center of gravity
IV.

Where:

R y =W 1+W 2U
U=

wh B
2

O. M .=P

W =Bf

S=

PD
2t

Where:

S=tensile stress h
P=unit pressure
t=thickness of wall
D=inside diameter
DAMS

Neglecting Hydrostatic Uplift

w h2
2

Resisting Moment ; R . M .=W 1 X 1+W 2 X 2

R . M .=W 1 X 1 +W 2 X 2

( h3 )+U ( 23 B)

Rx=R . M .O . M .

h=height of water

Considering thickness of the tank wall:

where:

Considering Hydrostatic Uplift

VI.

T =tensile force

uR
P

R=W 1+W 2

P= pressure=wh

D=diameter

P=

F . S .=

HOOP TENSION

PD
T=
2

RM
OM

Factor of safety against sliding:

HYDROSTATIC FORCES ON PLANE & CURVE

SURFACES

P=hA

V.

Factor of safety against overturning:

F . S .=

A 2= Ay

( h3 )

BUOYANCY

weight= (Volume)