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  • Chapter 3 Equation

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    Raymond Kakala
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    This chapter discusses key concepts in thermochemistry and thermodynamics. It defines internal energy change and the various forms of energy transfer including heat and work. The first law of thermodynamics, or the law of energy conservation, states that the total energy in the universe remains constant. Enthalpy (H) is defined as the internal energy plus the product of pressure and volume. The enthalpy change of a reaction (ΔH) can be determined from heat and work values. Hess' law allows the determination of enthalpy changes from sums of standard enthalpies of formation of products and reactants. Entropy change (ΔS) and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) are also discussed, with spontaneous reactions defined as

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    This chapter discusses key concepts in thermochemistry and thermodynamics. It defines internal energy change and the various forms of energy transfer including heat and work. The first law of thermodynamics, or the law of energy conservation, states that the total energy in the universe remains constant. Enthalpy (H) is defined as the internal energy plus the product of pressure and volume. The enthalpy change of a reaction (ΔH) can be determined from heat and work values. Hess' law allows the determination of enthalpy changes from sums of standard enthalpies of formation of products and reactants. Entropy change (ΔS) and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) are also discussed, with spontaneous reactions defined as

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as pdf or txt
    88 views1 page

    Chapter 3 Equation

    Uploaded by

    Raymond Kakala
    This chapter discusses key concepts in thermochemistry and thermodynamics. It defines internal energy change and the various forms of energy transfer including heat and work. The first law of thermodynamics, or the law of energy conservation, states that the total energy in the universe remains constant. Enthalpy (H) is defined as the internal energy plus the product of pressure and volume. The enthalpy change of a reaction (ΔH) can be determined from heat and work values. Hess' law allows the determination of enthalpy changes from sums of standard enthalpies of formation of products and reactants. Entropy change (ΔS) and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) are also discussed, with spontaneous reactions defined as

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 1

    Chapter 3: Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics

    1. Internal energy change


    = =
    < ;

    2. Forms of energy transfer


    q = +ve : system gains heat

    = + ;

    q = -ve: system loses energy

    w = +ve: work done on system

    w = -ve: work done by system

    3. Law of energy conservation (First Law of Thermodynamics)


    = + =
    4. = + ;

    = + ;
    , = + ; at constant pressure, work done, =

    = + + ; =
    5.
    6. = =
    7. Specific heat capacity, =
    = ;

    8. Hess Law ;

    (unit = J/g.K)

    where m = mass of substance in g, q = heat in J, = change in T (K or C)


    = () ()

    9. = = ; unit =J/K
    = () ()
    10. At equilibrium conditions where phase change occurs at constant T;
    11. =

    = ,

    12. = () ()

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