Related literature and studies on concept of

Economics focusing on consumer and producers

surplus
Copeland and Monnet (2009) pointed out that the firms incentive scheme has a large effect on
productivity, raising it by 12% over the sample period for the average worker. By the use of their
parameters, they showed that the cost of increased effort due to incentives is equal to the dollar
value of a 5% rise in productivity.
-http://www.jstor.org

Awasthi and Pratt (1990) said that rewards are used to direct and control individual actions.
The assumption is that such rewards motivate individuals to exert additional effort and achieve
higher levels of performance. Several studies have recently shown that the effects of monetary
incentives on judgment and effort are contingent on a number of factors.
-http://www.jstor.org

Buts and Jegers 2013 found out that the effect of granting a subsidy to either one or both
duopolists is calculated and compared to a situation without aid. In both
cases, consumer's surplus increases compared to the situation without aid. In this way, the
effect on consumer's surplus can be quantified and should in a case analysis later be compared
to effects on producer's surplus and government cost. The quantified effect on consumers can
also be seen as a measure for how well a market failure is targeted, i.e. it allows us to measure
the usefulness of an aid by looking at the value for the end-user of a product or service.
-http://web.a.ebscohost.com
Hayashi 2014 noted that the limit preference exhibits risk neutrality, not only that it exhibits no
income effect, meaning that the two conditions are tied together. Also, the marginal rate of
substitution between extra income transfers at different states of the world converges to the ratio
between the Lagrange multipliers associated to those states. When the asset markets are complete
such ratios are equalized between consumers, but it is not the case in general when the asset
markets are incomplete. This means that using the aggregate expected consumer surplus as the
welfare measure will be in general inconsistent with individuals expected utility maximization
in the general equilibrium environment or with ex-ante Pareto efficiency.
-http://web.a.ebscohost.com