Basic operations[edit]

External video
How to organize, add and
multiply matrices - Bill Shillito,TED
ED[9]

There are a number of basic operations that can be applied to modify matrices, called matrix
addition, scalar multiplication, transposition,matrix multiplication, row operations, and submatrix.[10]

Addition, scalar multiplication and transposition[edit]

Main articles: Matrix addition, Scalar multiplication and Transpose

Operation

Definition

The sum A+B of

two m-byn matrices A and
B is calculated
Addition

entrywise:
(A + B)i,j =
Ai,j + Bi,j,
where 1
i m an
d 1 j n.
The
product cA of
a
number c (als
o called

Scalar
multiplicati
on

a scalar in the
parlance
of abstract
algebra) and
a matrix A is
computed by
multiplying
every entry
of A by c:

Example

(cA)i,j = c
Ai,j.
This
operation
is
called sca
lar
multiplicat
ion, but its
result is
not
named
scalar
product
to avoid
confusion,
since
scalar
product
is
sometime
s used as
a
synonym
for inner
product.
The trans
pose of
an m-byn matrix A
is the nTrans

by-

positio

m matrix

AT (also
denoted
Atr ortA)
formed by
turning
rows into
columns

and vice
versa:
(AT)i,j = Aj,i.
Familiar properties of numbers extend to these operations of matrices: for example, addition
is commutative, i.e., the matrix sum does not depend on the order of the
summands:A + B = B + A.[11] The transpose is compatible with addition and scalar multiplication,
as expressed by (cA)T = c(AT) and (A + B)T = AT + BT. Finally, (AT)T = A.