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Site Work Part 3
Site Work Part 3
Site Work Part 3
recent investigations which indicate that rather high DC voltage can be used
to detect weaknesses without damaging the insulation. The maximum value
of voltage which should be used will depend largely on the cleanliness and
which could not otherwise be found, except possibly by partial discharge
detection at non-destructive AC test voltage levels.
The technique involves the application of two or more DC voltages, and
critically observing any reduction of insulation resistance at the higher
voltage. Any marked or unusual reduction in insulation resistance for a
prescribed increase in applied voltage is an indication of incipient weakness.
critically observing any reduction of insulation resistance at the higher
voltage. Any marked or unusual reduction in insulation resistance for a
prescribed increase in applied voltage is an indication of incipient weakness.
It is important to mention that the merits of this technique arise from more
recent investigations which indicate that rather high DC voltage can be used
to detect weaknesses without damaging the insulation. The maximum value
of voltage which should be used will depend largely on the cleanliness and
which could not otherwise be found, except possibly by partial discharge
detection at non-destructive AC test voltage levels.
The technique involves the application of two or more DC voltages, and
critically observing any reduction of insulation resistance at the higher
voltage. Any marked or unusual reduction in insulation resistance for a
prescribed increase in applied voltage is an indication of incipient weakness.
It is important to mention that the merits of this technique arise from more
recent investigations which indicate that rather high DC voltage can be used
to detect weaknesses without damaging the insulation. The maximum value
of voltage which should be used will depend largely on the cleanliness and
which could not otherwise be found, except possibly by partial discharge
detection at non-destructive AC test voltage levels.
The technique involves the application of two or more DC voltages, and
critically observing any reduction of insulation resistance at the higher
voltage. Any marked or unusual reduction in insulation resistance for a
prescribed increase in applied voltage is an indication of incipient weakness.
recent investigations which indicate that rather high DC voltage can be used
to detect weaknesses without damaging the insulation. The maximum value
of voltage which should be used will depend largely on the cleanliness and
which could not otherwise be found, except possibly by partial discharge
detection at non-destructive AC test voltage levels.
The technique involves the application of two or more DC voltages, and
critically observing any reduction of insulation resistance at the higher
voltage. Any marked or unusual reduction in insulation resistance for a
prescribed increase in applied voltage is an indication of incipient weakness.
It is important to mention that the merits of this technique arise from more
recent investigations which indicate that rather high DC voltage can be used
to detect weaknesses without damaging the insulation. The maximum value
of voltage which should be used will depend largely on the cleanliness and
dryness of the insulation to be tested.
In making tests on insulation at such DC voltages, the ohmmeter method detection at non-destructive AC test
voltage levels.
The technique involves the application of two or more DC voltages, and
critically observing any reduction of insulation resistance at the higher
voltage. Any marked or unusual reduction in insulation resistance for a
prescribed increase in applied voltage is an indication of incipient weakness.
It is important to mention that the merits of this technique arise from more
recent investigations which indicate that rather high DC voltage can be used
to detect weaknesses without damaging the insulation. The maximum value
of voltage which should be used will depend largely on the cleanliness and
dryness of the insulation to be tested.
In making tests on insulation at such DC voltages, the ohmmeter method
has at least two advantages. First, prescribed fixed voltages are switched
detection at non-destructive AC test voltage levels.
The technique involves the application of two or more DC voltages, and
critically observing any reduction of insulation resistance at the higher
voltage. Any marked or unusual reduction in insulation resistance for a
prescribed increase in applied voltage is an indication of incipient weakness.
It is important to mention that the merits of this technique arise from more
recent investigations which indicate that rather high DC voltage can be used
to detect weaknesses without damaging the insulation. The maximum value
of voltage which should be used will depend largely on the cleanliness and
dryness of the insulation to be tested.
In making tests on insulation at such DC voltages, the ohmmeter method
has at least two advantages. First, prescribed fixed voltages are switched
has at least two advantages. First, prescribed fixed voltages are switched
into use, and one instrument measurement made with the direct reading
ohmmeter. This is a simple and reproducible method compared to one in
which many choices of voltage are available. Another important advantage
A STITCH IN TIME 43
of the ohmmeter can be explained by referring to Fig. 21. In this figure, the
change which may occur in leakage current after the absorption current has
disappeared is shown plotted in terms of insulation resistance against three
different voltages. Note that there is no change in resistance shown in the
figure between 500 and 1000 volts, indicating no change in the insulation
as a result of applying these two voltages. This is an assumption, but is a
condition which is not uncommon in practice. If the insulation continues to
be stable at 2500 volts, there will be no change in the insulation resistance
value obtained, which is shown by the dotted extension of the horizontal
line in the figure. When non-linear conditions appear at a higher voltage, the
voltage resistance curve reveals this very clearly by a lower resistance value,
indicated by the downward curve in the figure. The figure, therefore, reveals
the simplicity of determining the change in insulation stability by using three
fixed voltages which are easily reproducible when making three-voltage tests
on a routine basis.
Figure 21
of the ohmmeter can be explained by referring to Fig. 21. In this figure, the
change which may occur in leakage current after the absorption current has
disappeared is shown plotted in terms of insulation resistance against three
different voltages. Note that there is no change in resistance shown in the
figure between 500 and 1000 volts, indicating no change in the insulation
as a result of applying these two voltages. This is an assumption, but is a
condition which is not uncommon in practice. If the insulation continues to
be stable at 2500 volts, there will be no change in the insulation resistance
value obtained, which is shown by the dotted extension of the horizontal
line in the figure. When non-linear conditions appear at a higher voltage, the
voltage resistance curve reveals this very clearly by a lower resistance value,
indicated by the downward curve in the figure. The figure, therefore, reveals
the simplicity of determining the change in insulation stability by using three
fixed voltages which are easily reproducible when making three-voltage tests
been shown to reveal non-destructively incipient weaknesses in insulation
which could not otherwise be found, except possibly by partial discharge
detection at non-destructive AC test voltage levels.
The technique involves the application of two or more DC voltages, and
critically observing any reduction of insulation resistance at the higher
voltage. Any marked or unusual reduction in insulation resistance for a
of the ohmmeter can be explained by referring to Fig. 21. In this figure, the
change which may occur in leakage current after the absorption current has
disappeared is shown plotted in terms of insulation resistance against three
different voltages. Note that there is no change in resistance shown in the
figure between 500 and 1000 volts, indicating no change in the insulation
as a result of applying these two voltages. This is an assumption, but is a
condition which is not uncommon in practice. If the insulation continues to
be stable at 2500 volts, there will be no change in the insulation resistance
value obtained, which is shown by the dotted extension of the horizontal
line in the figure. When non-linear conditions appear at a higher voltage, the
voltage resistance curve reveals this very clearly by a lower resistance value,
indicated by the downward curve in the figure. The figure, therefore, reveals
the simplicity of determining the change in insulation stability by using three
fixed voltages which are easily reproducible when making three-voltage tests
D
d
Values continued on next page.
A.W.G.
or C.M.
INSULATION THICKNESS INCHES
.047 .063 .078 .094 .109 .125 .141 .156 .172 .188 .203 .219 .234
14
12
10
86
Sol.
Str.
.392
.334
.283
.239
.470
.405
.348
.296
.225
.537
.467
.404
.347
.267
.594
.520
.453
.392
.305
.645
.568
.498
.432
.340
.691
.611
.538
.470
.373
.732
.651
.575
.505
.403
.770
.686
.609
.537
.431
.804
.720
.641
.566
.453
.836
.751
.670
.594
.483
.866
.779
.698
.621
.506
.894
.806
.723
.645
.529
.921
.832
.748
.669
.550
54321
1/0
.206
.187
.171
.155
.139
.126
.245
.224
.204
.186
.168
.152
.281
.257
.236
.215
.195
.177
.314
.289
.265
.243
.220
.201
.346
.318
.293
.269
.244
.223
.373
.345
.318
.293
.267
.244
.401
.371
.343
.316
.288
.264
.426
.395
.366
.338
.309
.284
.450
.418
.388
.359
.328
.302
.463
.440
.409
.379
.347
.320
.495
.460
.429
.398
.365
.337
.515
.480
.448
.416
.382
.354
2/0
3/0
4/0
250,000
300,000
.114
.102
.0923
.0854
.0787
.138
.125
.113
.104
.0963
.161
.146
.132
.123
.113
.183
.166
.151
.140
.130
.204
.185
.168
.157
.145
.223
.204
.187
.173
.160
.242
.221
.202
.189
.175
.261
.238
.218
.204
.189
.278
.255
.233
.218
.203
.295
.271
.248
.232
.216
.311
.286
.262
.246
.229
.327
.301
.276
.259
.250
350,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
.0731
.0688
.0620
.0897
.0845
.0763
.0700
.0686
.106
.0995
.0901
.0853
.0769
.121
.114
.103
.0952
.0888
.136
.128
.116
.107
.100
.150
.142
.129
.119
.111
.164
.155
.141
.130
.122
.177
.168
.153
.141
.133
.190
.181
.165
.152
.143
.203
.193
.176
.163
.153
.215
.204
.187
.173
.163
.227
.216
.198
.183
.172
750,000
800,000
900,000
1,000,000
1,250,000
.0665
.0644
.0580
.0551
.0500
.0749
.0727
.0687
.0656
.0590
.0861
.0836
.0793
.0755
.0681
.0971
.0943
.0895
.0851
.0770
.108
.105
.0994
.0948
.0856
.118
.115
.108
.104
.0943
.129
.125
.120
.113
.103
.139
.135
.128
.122
.111
.148
.144
.137
.131
.119
.157
.154
.146
.140
.127
.167
.163
.155
.148
.134
1,500,000
1,750,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
.0456
.0423
.0397
.0357
.0541
.0502
.0472
.0425
.0625
.0581
.0546
.0492
.0708
.0658
.0619
.0558
.0789
.0734
.0691
.0623
.0870
.0810
.0761
.0687
.0946
.0899
.0830
.0750
.102
.0954
.0898
.0812
.110
.103
.0965
.0874
.116
.110
.103
.0934
.125
.117
.108
.0993
A STITCH IN TIME 45
Values of Log10
D
d
A.W.G.
or C.M.
INSULATION THICKNESS INCHES
.250 .266 .281 .297 .313 .328 .344 .359 .375 .391 .407 .422 .438
14
12
10
86
Sol.
Str.
.945
.856
.771
.691
.570
.793
.712
.590
814
.731
.608
.834
.751
.626
.853
.770
.643
.871
.787
.660
.889
.804
.676
.906
.821
.699
.922
.836
.706
.851
.720
.866
.734
.880
.746
.894
.760
54321
.535
.500
.466
.433
.399
.554
.517
.483
.450
.415
.572
.535
.500
.466
.431
.589
.551
.516
.482
.445
.606
.568
.532
.497
.461
.622
.583
.547
.512
.474
.637
.598
.562
.526
.487
.652
.613
.576
.540
.501
.667
.625
.589
.553
.513
.680
.640
.603
.565
.525
.694
.653
.615
.578
.538
.707
.666
.628
.590
.549
.720
.678
.640
.602
.561
1/0
2/0
3/0
4/0
250,000
.369
.342
.315
.289
.272
.385
.356
.329
.302
.284
.399
.370
.342
.315
.296
.414
.384
.355
.327
.309
.428
.397
.367
.339
.320
.441
.410
.380
.351
.331
.454
.422
.392
.362
.342
.466
.435
.403
.373
.352
.479
.446
.414
.384
.363
.491
.458
.425
.395
.373
.502
.469
.436
.405
.383
.514
.480
.447
.415
.392
.525
.490
.457
.425
.402
300,000
350,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
.254
.239
.227
.208
.193
.266
.250
.236
.218
.203
.278
.262
.249
.228
.212
.289
.272
.259
.238
.221
.300
.283
.269
.248
.230
.310
.293
.279
.257
.239
.321
.303
.289
.266
.248
.331
.313
.298
.275
.256
.341
.323
.308
.284
.265
.351
.332
.317
.292
.273
.360
.341
.326
.301
.281
.369
.350
.334
.309
.289
.379
.359
.343
.317
.297
700,000
750,000
800,000
900,000
1,000,000
.181
.176
.172
.164
.157
.191
.185
.180
.172
.165
.199
.194
.189
.180
.173
.209
.203
.198
.189
.181
.217
.211
.206
.196
.189
.225
.220
.214
.204
.196
.234
.228
.222
.212
.203
.242
.236
.230
.219
.211
.250
.243
.237
.227
.218
.258
.251
.245
.234
.225
.266
.259
.252
.242
.232
.273
.266
.260
.249
.239
.281
.273
.267
.255
.245
1,250,000
1,500,000
1,750,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
.142
.132
.123
.116
.105
.150
.139
.130
.122
.111
.157
.146
.136
.128
.117
.165
.153
.143
.135
.122
.172
.159
.149
.141
.128
.179
.166
.155
.145
.134
.186
.172
.162
.153
.139
.192
.179
.168
.159
.144
.199
.185
.174
.164
.150
.206
.190
.180
.170
.156
.212
.197
.185
.176
.160
.219
.204
.191
.181
.165
.225
.210
.197
.187
.170
46 A STITCH IN TIME