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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TPHCM

KHOA CN NHIT LNH

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

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LI M U

Trong thi i ngy nay, k thut iu ha khng kh v iu khng thng gi

tr nn rt ph bin v ng vai tr rt quan trng trong i sng cng nh trong cc
ngnh cng nghip. N to ra mt mi trng tin nghi thch hp vi cc yu cu ca con
ngi v trong sn xut.
Trong qu trnh thc tp ti cng trng, em c tip xc nhiu vi h thng
iu ha khng kh v thng gi. Do , trong cun bo co thc tp ny em xin vit v
h thng iu ha khng kh v thng gi. V thi gian thc tp ngn v vn kin thc
hn hp nn chn chn s khng th trnh khi nhng sai st trong cun bo co thc tp
ny, em knh mong nhn c nhng kin, nhn xt ca Thy C trng v cc C
Ch Cng ty TNHH M.T.E em c c nhng kinh nghim, bi hc sau ny khi ra
trng.
NHN XT CA CNG TY

STT H V TN

MSSV

NHN XT CNG TY

1
2
3
4
5

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NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

STT H V TN

MSSV

NHN XT CNG TY

IM

1
2
3
4
5

MC LC

PHN I: CNG TY C IN LNH SAO VNG ( SAVA M&E)

Chng I : Tng quan v cng ty.
1.

Lch S Hnh Thnh V Pht Trin Ca Cng Ty.

2.

Chc nng nhim v ca Cng Ty.

3.

C Cu T Chc Ca Cng Ty.

4.

Chc nng v nhim v ca tng phng ban.

Chng II: Ni quy cng ty.

Ni quy Cng ty

trang 11

Chng III: Qui nh v an ton v v sinh lao ng.

Mc ch

trang 13

Phm vi

trang 13

Ni dung

trang 13

Qui nh v an ton lao ng

trang 13

Qui nh v v sinh lao ng

trang 14

Qui nh v an ton in

trang 15

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Qui nh v vic s dng thit b, my mc

trang 15

Qui ng v phng chy cha chy

trang 15

Qui nh v thot him, ng ph tnh trng khn cp

trang 16

PHN II: H THNG IU HA KHNG KH

Chng I: Mt s khi nim v iu ha khng kh, iu khng thng gi
Lch s pht trin, mc ch v ngha ca iu ha khng kh trang 18
ng dng ca iu ha hng kh

trang 21

Mt s nh ngha

trang 23

Phn loi cc h thng iu ha khng kh

trang 25

Chng II: Cc thit b trong h thng iu ha khng kh, thng gi

S h thng iu ha khng kh v cc thit b

trang 29

Chp gi

trang 30

Phin lc gi

trang 31

Van gi

trang 31

Van chn la

trang 32

B si khng kh

trang 32

Hp iu chnh lu lng

trang 32

Hp gim m

trang 33

Ming thi, ming ht

trang 33

ng gi

trang 36

Qut

trang 38

Bung x l khng kh AHU

trang 40

PHN III: QU TRNH THC TP TI CNG TY

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Qu trnh thc tp ti cng trng

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Mt s hnh nh

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Ti liu tham kho

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CHNG I
TM HIU V CNG TY TNHH C IN LNH SAO VNG
1. Lch S Hnh Thnh V Pht Trin Ca Cng Ty TNHH C in Lnh Sao Vng
Tn cng ty: CNG TY TNHH C IN LNH SAO VNG
Tn vit tt : SAVA M&E
Loi hnh DN : Cng ty Trch Nhim Hu Hn
M s thu: 0309 556 233
a ch : 154(pha sau) Trn Quang Khi, Phng Tn nh, Qun 1, Tp.HCM
in thoi : 08. 3512 2727
WebSite : www.savame.com
Tnh trng hin ti Doanh nghip : ang hot ng.
M s doanh nghip: 0309 556 233
Ngy cp GPKD :ng k ln u: 25/11/2009 , ng k thay i ln 3 vo ngy
03/06/2013.
Vn iu l : 3.000.000.000 VN (Bng ch: Ba t ng.)
Khi cng ty mi thnh lp cn gp nhiu kh khn v ti chnh cng nh i ng
nhn vin cn non nt hn na va mi bc vo th trng nn cng ty rt t khch
hng bit nnhng tri qua 6 nm hnh thnh n nay cng ty pht trin vt bc
vi doanh s tng ln ng k. Bn cnh , i ng nhn vin hin ti ca cng ty rt
chuyn nghip cng vi s lng khch hng ngy cng ng.
Hin nay cng ty ang kinh doanh rt nhiu ngnh ngh nhng ch yu cc ngnh
ngh nh:
-

Cung cp v lp t h thng in, iu ha khng kh, cp thot nc, phng chy cha
chy

Bun bn cc my mc, thit b v ph tng my khc

Bun bn vt liu, thit b trong xy dng.

Bn ph tng v cc b phn h tr t v xe c ng c khc

Hot ng dch v cng ngh thng tin v cc dch v lin quan n my tnh..
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V vy, quy m ca cng ty ngy cng m rng, doanh s tng ng k v khng

nhng cng ty nm bt th trng nhanh chng m cn bit kt hp tnh chuyn
nghip ca tng c nhn trong i ng nhn vin tr cng vi nim tin yu ca khch
hng m Cng ty TNHH C in Lnh Sao Vng lun cam kt s phc v tht chu o
cho mi i tng khch hng khng nh v tr trn th trng.
2. Chc nng nhim v ca cng ty:
2.1.

Chc nng:

Chuyn thit k, ch to, lp t cc h thng Lnh, cc ph kin trong lnh vc iu ha

khng kh, iu khng thng gi
Chuyn thit k cc h thng in v cung cp cc ph kin.
Chuyn cung cp cc dch v, thng mi trong lnh vc in v in Lnh.
Nhim v:
V sn xut:
-

Ch to, lp t cc h thng iu khng thng gi v iu ha khng kh.

Ch to, lp t ng gi p ng tiu chun SMACNA, ASHRAE.

Sn xut cc ph kin ng gi: Diffuser, Louver, Grill, VCD, inh nhm, Clip

Ch to, lp t cc h thng in cng nghip v dn dng.

Sn xut cc ph kin mng cp in: Trunking, Tray, Ladder

Ch to, lp t h thng lm mt, my lm mt cho cc phn xng sn xut.

Lp t phng sch.

Ch to, lp t cc ph kin cho phng sch: Air shower, Passbox, PRD.

Ch to, lp t cc h thng ht bi.

Sn xut, gia cng cc sn phm c kh.

V dch v:
-

Thit k cc h thng iu khng thng gi v iu ha khng kh.

Thit k cc h thng in cng nghip.

Thit k cc h thng lm mt cho cc phn xng sn xut.

Thit k cc h thng ht bi.

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Bo tr cc h thng lnh v iu ha khng kh.

Nhn gia cng, lp t cc thit b, my mc theo yu cu thit k.

V thng mi:
-

Cung cp cc loi my iu ha khng kh.

Cung cp cc loi my ht bi theo yu cu.

3. C Cu T Chc Ca Cng ty TNHH C in Lnh Sao Vng

3.1 S b my qun l ti cng ty.
B my ca cng ty qun l theo hnh thc tp trung, chc nng gn nh. T chc b
my gm c:
GIM C IU HNH

P.KINH
DOANH

NHM
HKK

P.K
THUT

NHM
IN

P.VT T

P.K TON

NHM
CP
THOT
NC

QUN
L D
N 1

P.QL D
N

QUN
L D
N 2

B my t chc ca Cng ty TNHH C in Lnh Sao Vng

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CHNHNHN

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3.2 Chc nng v nhim v ca tng phng ban.

Gim c:
L ngi lnh o cao nht, trc tip iu hnh ton b hot ng sn xut kinh doanh
ca cng ty, l ngi vch ra k hoch nm v k hoch di hn trn c s nh hng/
chin lc kinh doanh.
Gim c l ngi c quyn quyt nh cui cng v cng l ngi i din cho mi
quyn li v trch nhim ca cng ty, trc php lut ca Nh nc .
Phng kinh doanh:
L trung tm iu phi mi hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty: nghin cu th
trng, m bo cho nguyn nhin vt liu u vo cho sn xut, ban hnh lnh sn xut
ti tng phn xng / t i sn xut v n c thc hin,t chc cng tc vn chuyn
v bc xp NVL vo kho v ln phng tin vn chuyn i vi sn phm cho khch
hng, t chc hot ng ym tr v xc tin bn hng
Phng k thut:
Xy dng phng n thi cng, phng n k thut cho cc d n cc sn phm khc
t chc thc hin trong ton Cng ty.Phi hp cng vi phng Kinh doanh, phng qun
l d n lp h s d thu cc cng trnh Cng ty tham gia u thu.
Hng dn, gim st v kim tra cc n v trc thuc trong qu trnh sn xut v mt k
thut, cht lng, tin , an ton lao ng, my mc thit b v v sinh mi trng.
Hng dn v cng cc n v trc thuc lp h s nghim thu cng trnh, phi hp vi
ch u t nghim thu bn giao cng trnh. Trc tip t chc thi cng cng trnh do Gim
c Cng ty quyt nh.
Qun l cng tc an ton lao ng, v sinh mi trng, phng chng chy n, mng li
an ton vin, v sinh vin, lc lng phng chng chy n n cc n v trc thuc trn
phm vi ton Cng ty.
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Nghin cu xy dng k hoch, phng n i mi cng ngh, trang thit b p ng yu

cu sn xut kinh doanh ca Cng ty. ng dng cc tin b khoa hc k thut, cc sng
kin, sng ch vo sn xut kinh doanh ca Cng ty.
Phi hp vi cc phng ban nghip v khc cng hon thnh nhim v c giao.
ngh lnh o Cng ty v vic khen thng, k lut, nng lng, nng bc v cc quyn
li khc i vi tp th v cc c nhn thuc phng qun l.
Phng vt t:
T chc phn phi, cung ng kp thi vt t v cc dng c thng dng, chuyn dng cho
cc phong ban v ni sn xut theo ng quy nh.
T chc bo qun, qun l kho, vt t theo ng ch quy nh. xut bin php gii
quyt nhng vt t ng, tn kho, gim cht lng v qu hn.
nh k kim k, sp xp v thng xuyn lm v sinh kho tng. Tuyt i khng cho
ngi ngoi vo kho khi cha c s ng ca ph trch phng;
Mua sm v cung ng kp thi cc vt t khi c yu cu t xut ca cc khoa chuyn
mn.
Lp h s qun l, theo di tnh trng cc my mc, trang thit b thng dng; xut
cc bin php v t chc thc hin bo tr, bo dng v thanh l cc my mc v thit b
h hng trong phm vi ph trch theo quy nh.
Tham gia hi ng u thu cc trang thit b trong phm vi ph trch theo quy nh.
Phng k ton:
Xy dng v thc hin cc k hoch ti chnh ngn hn v di hn. Lp d ton, t chc
cng tc k ton, bo co quyt ton cc ngun kinh ph ngn sch nh nc cp v
ngun qu t to hng nm ca Hc vin theo quy nh ca php lut v k ton, theo
ch k ton v mc lc ngn sch nh nc.
n c thu ng, thu v kp thi cc khon thu hc ph, l ph ,cc khon thu np
ngha v ca cc b phn c hot ng thu chi ti chnh. Thc hin vic chi tr tin
lng, cc khon ph cp v cc ch khc cho cn b, vin chc, lao ng hp ng.
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Hng dn ch k ton, ph bin cc vn bn ca Nh nc v qun l ti chnh, t

chc thc hin vic kim tra ti chnh i vi cc n v c hot ng thu chi ti chnh v
s dng ngn sch.
Thc hin cng tc tng hp, bo co v hot ng ti chnh theo ch k ton hin
hnh. Bo qun, lu tr cc chng t k ton theo qui nh.
Qun l d n:
Xy dng c s, c chc nng tham mu, thc hin vic qun l, gim st cc hot ng
xy dng d n. . Thc hin cc th tc v gii phng mt bng, giao nhn t, xin cp
giy php xy dng (nu cn), chun b mt bng xy dng v cc cng vic khc phc
v cho vic xy dng cng trnh.
Chun b y cc th tc, ti liu gip Trng Ban Qun l d n xy dng m phn,
k kt hp ng. Thc hin nhim v gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh c
iu kin.Thc hin thanh ton giai on hon thnh v tng quyt ton vn u t xy
dng cng trnh hon thnh v trnh cp c thm quyn ph duyt.Qun l khi lng,
cht lng, tin , chi ph xy dng, an ton.
Lp bo co thc hin vn u t hng nm, bo co quyt ton khi d n hon thnh
a vo khai thc s dng.Lp k hoch xin cp vn. Cng khai, phn khai chi tit vn
theo nm k hoch Kin ngh vi Gim c nhng bin php nhm nng cao cht lng
hoc m bo tin (k c vic thay th hoc sa i nhng iu khon k kt trong
hp ng kinh t nu cn thit).
Hnh chnh nhn s:
Thc hin xy dng chin lc, k hoch ngn sch hng nm, k hoch cng vic ca
Phng tng thng trnh gim c ph duyt.
T chc b my nhn s, phn cng cng vic trong Phng hon thnh k hoch ngn
sch nm, k hoach cng vic ca phng/ban c ph duyt tng thi k.

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Thc hin cc bo co ni b theo Quy nh ca Cng ty v cc bo co khc theo yu

cu ca Ban iu hnh.
Xy dng cc quy trnh, quy nh nghip v thuc lnh vc ca Phng; nh gi hiu qu
cc quy trnh, quy nh ny trong thc t lin tc ci tin, gip nng cao hot ng ca
Cng ty.Thc hin cc nhim v khc theo ch o ca Ban iu hnh phn cng.
4. Tnh hnh hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca Cng ty trong nhng nm gn y:
Nm

2011

2012

2013

Doanh Thu
Chi Ph
Li Nhun

2.693.453.412
2.928.690.533
(235.237.121)

8.875.292.138
8.754.201.156
121.090.982

5.856.766.197
3.530.188.902
(673.422.705)

H thng bo co ti chnh gm:

Bng cn i k ton
Bng bo co kt qu hot ng kinh doanh
Bo co lu chuyn tin t
Bng thuyt minh bo co ti chnh
5. Thun li, kh khn v phng hng gii quyt ti Cng ty.
-

im mnh :

y l nhng im mnh m Cng ty SAVA M&E c c v cn pht huy hn na.

Thnh vin sng lp v iu hnh Cng ty l nhng ngi tr tui,y nng ng v sng
to, nhit quyt vi Cng ty.
Thnh vin Cng ty c 3 nm kinh nghim tr ln v tng lm vic trong cc Cng
ty chuyn ngnh C in ln vi nhiu v tr khc nhau nh Cng ty : REE, Searefico
Cng ty c thnh lp v hot ng vi c ch mm do,gim thiu chi ph nn kh
nng cnh tranh v gi tt.
Cng tc mi thnh lp trong thi im khng hong th trng ang cn c khc
phc.
Ngy cng c nhiu cng trnh vi qui m nh v va c xy dng, c bit l cc Bit
th, Vn phng lm vic, nh xng.
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im yu:

Cng ty mi thnh lp trong thi gian ngn nn cha to c thng hiu v uy tn trn
th trng .
Kh nng ti chnh cn yu

Thnh vin Cng ty cn thiu kinh nghim trong kinh doanh,trong qun l v gii quyt
vn .Mi thnh vin phi t n lc khc phc nhc im ny.

SAVA M&E ang c nhiu i th cnh tranh c v k thut v gi .

-

Hng gii quyt: Hin nay, nn kinh t ang khng hong bi bt ng sn ang b
ng bng. Hng gii quyt hin nay cc Cng ty v C in cng nh Cng ty
TNHH C in Lnh nn hng ti cc cng trnh nh nh cc Bit th, nh xng.

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CHNG II
NI QUY CNG TY
iu 1: Gi lm vic
Ti vn phng:
Sng :

08:00--12:00

Chiu :

13:00--17:00

Ti cng trng: Gi lm vic theo ng gi ca cng trng.

iu 2: Khi ngh lm vic, phi xin php cc b ch huy trc tip. Sau khi c s ng ,
mi c ngh.
iu 3: Trong gi lm vic, nu khng v mc ch cng tc: khng c i li, la c ni
lm vic ca ngi khc. Khng t ra ngoi khi ni lm vic, khi cha c s ng
ca t trng.
iu 4: Khi lm vic phi mang ngh c cp pht. Mt phi t trang b li ngay.
Khi ngh vic phi hon tr dng c ngh c cp pht cho cng ty.
iu 5: Trang b bo h lao ng.
-

Khi lm vic: phi mc BHL, i nn an ton, mang giy bata.

Khi hn, mi, ct: phi eo knh an ton.

Khi lm vic trn cao (>2m): phi tht dy an ton.

iu 6: Phi tun th tuyt i cc qui nh v PCCC ti xng v ti cng trng.
iu 7: Trong gi lm vic, phi gi gn sch s, gn gng ti ni lm vic v xung
quanh.
iu 8: Ht gi lm vic, phi v sinh sch s, kim tra dng c ngh, ct vo t trc
khi ra v.
iu 9: C trch nhim bo qun ti sn, vt t, sn phm ca cng ty. Nu xy ra mt
mt phi c trch nhim bi thng.
iu 10: Lun thc chp hnh s phn cng ca cp trn. Nu c kin, phi lch s,
nh nhn, tn trng hp tc, gip ln nhau.
iu 11: Lun khim tn, hc hi. C tinh thn cu tin trong cng vic.
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iu 12: Lun tm ti, pht huy sng kin nng cao nng sut.
iu 13: C thc tit kim vt t h gi thnh sn phm, tng tnh cnh tranh cho
cng ty.

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CHNG III
QUI NH V AN TON V V SINH LAO NG
I. Mc ch:
-

m bo an tan cho sc khe ca cn b nhn vin cng ty.

m bo an tan cho trang thit b nh xng ca cng ty.

II. Phm vi:

Ni qui v An ton Lao ng v V sinh Lao ng c lp theo qui nh ca cng ty v

ch hin hnh ca nh nc.

Ni qui qui nh vic thc hin v cng tc an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng v qui
trnh vn hng cc loi my mc, thit b ang c s dng trong cng ty.

T cng nhn vin (CNV) y dng ch nhng ngi lm vic v c hng quyn
li, ngha v trong cng ty.
III. Ni dung:
1. Qui nh v an ton lao ng.
1. Cng nhn vin c trang b bo h lao ng v cc dng c c cp trong thi gian
lm vic. CBCNV phi s dng ng mc ch v cc trang b c cung cp.
2. Trong thi gian lm vic CNCNV khng c i li ni khng thuc phm vi ca
mnh.
3. Khi c s c thit b c s c c th xy ra th CBCNV phi bo ngay cho T trng
x l.
4. Nu khng c phn cng th CBCNV khng c t s dng v sa cha thit b.
5. Khi cha c hun luyn v qui tc an ton v vn hnh thit b th khng c s
dng hoc sa cha thit b.
6. Cc sn phm, hng ho vt t, thnh phm ng gi, cch tng 0.5 mt, cch xa
ca thot nn, cu dao in, phng tin cha chy, t thuc cp cu.
7. Khi sa cha phi ngt cng tc in v c bin bo mi sa cha.

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8. Khi chun b vn hnh my hoc sau khi sa cha xong phi kim tra li dng c, chi
tit c nng trn my khng v khng c ngi ng trong vng nguy him mi cho my
vn hnh.
9. Khng du, m, nht my ri vi trn sn xng, ni lm vic.
10. Trong kho phi sp xp ngn np, gn gng, khng dy in, vt t, trang thit b
gy tr ngi i li.
11. Khi xy ra s c tai nn lao ng, nhng ngi c mt ti hin trng phi:
-

Tt cng tc in cho ngng my.

Khn trng s cu nn nhn, bo ngay cho T trng, Qun c.

Tham gia bo v hin trng ngi c trch nhim x l.

12. Cng nhn vin c ngha v bo co cho T trng, Ban Gim c v s c tai nn
lao ng, v vic vi phm nguyn tc an ton lao ng xy ra cng ty.
13. Khi thy r nguy c xy ra tai nn tn ni lm vic ca mnh, cng nhn vin lp tc
ri khi khu vc nguy him v bo ngay cho T trng, Qun c x l.
14. Khng c tho d hoc lm gim hiu qu cc thit b an ton lao ng c trong
cng ty.
15. Cng nhn vin phi thc hin theo s ch dn ca bng cm, bng hng dn an ton
ni sn xut.
2. Qui nh v v sinh lao ng.
1. Trong gi lm vic, cng nhn vin phi s dng y trang b bo h lao ng,
phng tin dng c c cng ty cp pht trong thi gian lm vic.
2. Ton th cng nhn vin phi gi gn v sinh sch s v gn gng ni lm vic ca
mnh gm:

V sinh cng nghip chung ton cng ty.

Cc thit b do mnh ph trch phi c kim tra nh k do cng ty qui nh.

3. Cng nhn vin phi gi sch s v nhc mi ngi gi sch s ni lm vic, n ung
v ni v sinh cng cng, nh tr.

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4. Cng ty ch cho php cng nhn vin vo cng ty lm vic vi trng thi c th tm l
bnh thng. T trng c th buc cng nhn vin ngng vic khi pht hin cng nhn
vin c s dng cht kch thch nh ma ty, ru, bia
5. Nhng cng nhn vin vn hnh my mc thit b khi c th tm l bnh thng.
Trong khi lm vic hoc vn hnh my, nu cng nhn vin cm thy c th khng bnh
thng c th dn n tai nn lao ng th phi ngng vic ngay v bo cho T trng
gii quyt kp thi.
3. Qui nh v an ton in.
1. Ch nhng CBCNV c hun luyn k v k thut v k thut an ton in mi
c sa cha, lp t, mg m thit b in.
2. Khi lm vic v sa cha, phi s dng ng dng c v mang trang thit b bo h.
3. Khng c ct in cu dao tng., b tr in nu cha c s cho php.
4. Khng c dng cc vt liu c tham s k thut khc thay th khi sa cha.
5. Khi sa in, cn ngt in cu dao tng, phi c bin bo (cm mc in, ang sa
cha) hoc c ngi trc cu dao tng.
6. H thng in phi c kim tra nh k.
4. Qui nh v vic s dng thit b, my, mc.
1. Cng nhn phi c hun luyn thun phc v vn hnh v an ton khi ng my
mi c s dng my.
2. Khi lm vic phi s dng y cc phng tin bo h lao ng theo qui nh ca
tng b phn c trang b.
3. Trnh t vn hnh my phi tun th nghim ngt, ng tc thc hin phi chnh xc
4. Kim tra v sinh my trc khi vn hnh.
5. Nhng ngi khng c trch nhim tuyt i khng c vn hnh v sa my.
6. Mi my mc phi c hng dn vn hnh my.
7. Khng c sa cha cc thit b, khi thit b vn cn hot ng.
8. Khng c cc ha cht d gy chy gn cc thit b p lc trong lc hot ng.

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9. Khi ra v, cng nhn phi tt ht my do mnh s dng, Trng b phn trc tip c
trch nhim hng dn nhn vin, cng nhn ca mnh thc hin theo qui nh ny, mi
trng hp khng tt my Trng b phn trc tip chu trch nhim cao nht.
5. Qui nh v phng chy cha chy.
1. PCCC l ngha v ca ton th CBCNV k c khch hng n lm vic ti cng ty.
2. m bo an ton ti sn, tnh mng ca CBCNV trong Cng ty, Cng ty nghim
cm:
-

Cm s dng la, ci un nu, ht thuc trong kho, ni sn xut v ni cm la.

Cm cu mc, s dng in ty tin.

Cm dng dy in cm trc tip vo cm.

Cm dng dn ng, dy bc thay cu ch.

Cm cc cht d chy gn cu ch, tp l in v ng dy in.

Cm dng kha m np khuy xng bng thp.

Khi ht gi lm vic, cc Cng trng, Xng, Vn phng phi kim tra tt ht cc thit
b in trc khi ra v.
4. Sp xp vt t, hng ha trong kho phi gn gng, sch s. Xp ring tng loi c
khong cch ngn chy (0.5 mt cch tng) tin vic kim tra hng vcha chy khi
cn thit.
5. Khi xut hng, xe khng c m my trong kho, ni sn xut v khng c ht
thuc l, khi xe u phi hng u xe ra ngoi.
6. Khng cc chng ngi vt trn li i li.
7. Phng tin cha chy khng c s dng vo vic khc v phi ni d thy, d
ly cha chy.
8. Ai thc hin tt ni qui ny s c khen thng, ai vi phm ty theo mc s b x
l t cnh co n truy t trc php lut (p dng lut PCCC).
Tiu lnh cha chy:
- Khi xy ra chy phi bo ng gp (h thng PCCC t ng).
- Cp cu dao in ni xy ra chy.
- Dng bnh CO2 + bt nc, my bm v vi rng cu ha dp tt m chy.
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- Gi in cho i PCCC.
6. Qui nh v thot him, ng ph tnh trng khn cp.
1. Cc s c c th xy ra bao gm: s c chy n, s c do ng c thc n, cc s c
bt ng nh tng, nh xng, lt mi nh xng
2. Khi xy ra s c, T trng hng dn li thot him gn nht v hng dn cho
CBCNV bnh tng chy theo cc li thot him .
3. Nguyn tc thot him: mi CBCNV phi tht bnh tnh tm ra ng thot him v
theo cc hng dn thot him gn v an ton nht, khng c tranh nhau chy dn n
tc ng i.
4. Xc nh ngi b nn (nu c):
-

Mi CBCNV phi chy ra sn ca Cng ty (gn khu vn phng v nh bo v), cc cng

nhn cng t phi ng gn nhau, cc cng nhn ca cc t khng c ng ln ln.

T trng v/hoc t ph c trch nhim hng dn cho nhn vin mnh ng trong mt
khu vc nht nh.

T trng v/hoc t ph c trch nhim m s nhn vin ca mnh, pht hin ra ngi
khng c mt ti ni qui nh, nhanh chng bo ngay cho b phn cu nn tn ca ngi
vng mt.

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PHN II
H THNG IU HA KHNG KH
CHNG I: MT S KHI NIM V IU HA KHNG KH, THNG GI.
I. Lch s pht trin, mc ch v ngha ca iu ha khng kh.
Ngay t thi c i, con ngi bit tm cch to ra nhng iu kin thch hp v
n gin nh vo ma h th dng qut hoc vo cc hang ng mt m, cn vo ma
ng th mc thm o m v t la si. Trong cun sch The Origins of Air
Conditioning nhc n nhiu ti liu tham kho v gii thiu nhiu hnh v minh ha
v iu ha khng kh
Nm 1845, bc s ngi M John Gorrie ch to my lnh nn kh u tin cho
bnh vin t ca ng. Chnh s kin ny lm cho ng ni ting th gii v i vo lch
s ca k thut iu ha khng kh.
Nm 1850, nh thin vn hc ngi Scothland Piuzzi Smith ln u tin a ra d
n iu ha khng kh phng bng my lnh nn kh. S kin ny c ng o
mi ngi quan tm theo di. Bt u t nhng nm 1860 Php, F. Carr a ra
nhng tng v iu ha khng kh cho cc phng v c bit cho cc nh ht.
Nm 1894, cng ty Linde xy dng mt h thng iu ha khng kh bng my
lnh amoniac dng lm lnh v kh m khng kh ma h. Dn lnh dt trn trn nh,
khng kh i lu t nhin, khng kh lnh t t i xung pha di do mt ln hn.
My lnh t di tng hm.Nm 1901, mt cng trnh khng ch nhit i 280C
vi m thch hp cho phng ha nhc Monte Carlo c khnh thnh. Khng kh
c a qua bung phun nc vi nhit nc 100C ri cp vo phng.Nm 1904,
trm in thoi Hamburg c duy tr nhit ma h di 230C v m 70%.Nm
1910 cng ty Borsig xy dng cc h thng iu ha khng kh Koeln v Rio de
Janeiro. Cc cng trnh ny ch yu ch l khng ch nhit , cha t n s hon thin
v cha p ng c cc yu cu v mt k thut. Nhng cng t lc ny bt u
hnh thnh hai xu hng c bn v iu ha khng kh l iu ha tin nghi cho cc
phng v iu ha cng ngh phc v cc nhu cu sn xut. ng vo thi im ny, mt
nhn vt quan trng a ngnh iu ha khng kh ca M ni ring v ca ton th
gii ni chung n mt bc pht trin rc r, l Willis Haviland Carrier. Chnh ng
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a ra cc nh ngha iu ha khng kh kt hp si m, lm lnh, gia lnh, ht m,

lc v ra khng kh, t ng duy tr khng ch trng thi khng kh khng i phc v
cho mi yu cu tin nghi hoc cng ngh.
Nm 1911, Carrier ln u tin xy dng m
ca khng kh m v ct ngha tnh cht nhit ca khng
kh m v cc phng php x l t c cc trng thi
khng kh yu cu (Tras. Amer. Soc. Mech. Engineers, Bd.
33 (1911) p.1005). ng l ngi i u c trong vic xy
dng c s l thuyt cng nh trong pht minh, sng ch,
thit k v ch to cc thit b v h thng iu ha khng
kh. Ong cng hin c i mnh cho ngnh iu ha
khng kh v cng tr thnh ng t v i nht ca
ngnh ny. Mi h thng iu ha khng kh bao gm mt my lnh (hoc mt ngun
nc lnh 100C dng.
V cc h thng iu ha khng kh thng phc v cho nhng ni dng dn c nh
cc thnh ph, cc khu cng nghip do vn chn mi cht lnh l iu rt quan
trng v vn c la chn cn thn. Amoniac v Dioxit sunfua l hai cht c hi v c
mi kh chu nn khng s dng c, cn CO2 th khng c nhng li c p sut
ngng t qu cao. Carrier thit k my lnh vi my nn ly tm, s dng mi cht
diclotylen v diclomtan. Trong qu trnh pht trin, k thut iu ha khng kh thc
y cc ngnh khc pht trin, c bit l ngnh ha cht trong vic tm ti mi cht lnh
mi. Nm 1930, ln u tin hng Du Pomt de Nemours v Co. (Kinetic Chamicals)
Wilmington (M) sn xut ra mt lot mi cht lnh vi tn thng mi l freon rt
ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu ha khng kh. V t khi , iu ha khng kh mi
c nhng bc nhy vt mi v nc M tr thnh nc c ngnh cng nghip iu ha
khng kh ln nht th gii.
Ngoi vic iu ha tin nghi cho cc phng c ngi nh nh , nh hng, nh ht,
rp chiu phim, hi trng, phng hp, khch sn, trng hc, vn phng m khi
Chu Au vn coi l Xa x v sang trng th vic iu ha cng ngh cng c cng
nhn. iu ha cng ngh bao gm nhiu lnh vc khc nhau trong c si dt, thuc
l, in n, phim nh, dc liu, da, quang hc, in t, c kh chnh xc v mt lot cc
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phng th nghim khc nhau V d, iu ha khng kh trong cc ging m pht

trin mnh m v n m bo sc khe v nng cao hiu sut lao ng ca cng nhn rt
nhiu.
M vo nhng nm 1945, iu ha khng kh trong ngnh ng st pht trin
n mc khng cn mt toa xe la ch ngi no m khng c iu ha. Trc nm
1932, my lnh kiu amoniac, my nn c ko bng ng c xng. Nhng t nm
1932, ton b cc h thng iu ha khng kh chuyn sang s dng mi cht freon
R12. Nhng thnh tu ng k trong lnh vc ny thuc v chng trnh Train of
Tomorrow ca hng Frigidaire Dayton Ohio.
Hng Carrier cn pht trin my lnh ejector iu ha khng kh cho tuha v
ngun hi c th ly trc tip t u tu, nhng chng trnh ny khng t c kt qu
v dn dn c u my hi nc b thay th bng u my diesel v u my chy in.
Mc d vic iu ha bng my lnh pht trin nhanh chng, nhng vic iu ha
tu ha bng nc vn c s dnh trong nhiu nm sau v tnh cht n gin ca
n. Cc cy 150 g c cp ti cc trm tip bo m cho vic iu ha trong sut
qung ng. Vic iu ha bng nc cng c ng dng rng ri trn tu thy.
V iu ha khng kh cho my bay, c bit l bung li, cng tr nn ht sc quan
trng. Tc my bay cng cao, bung li cng nng. Tuy cao ln, khng kh rt
lnh, nhng v khng kh p vo v ngoi my bay, ng nng bin thnh nhit nng
lm cho my bay b bao trm bi mt lp khng kh nng. Thm vo , v phi m bo
p sut trong khoang my bay bng p sut kh quyn cho nn phi nn khng kh long
bn ngoi cung cu cho cc khoang. Qu trnh nn cng lm cho nhit khng kh
tng ng k. V trn my bay thng c h thng kh nn turbin cung cp kh nn cho
cc ng c phn lc nn chu trnh lnh nn kh iu ha khng kh l thch hp nht.
Ch c trang b thm mt my gin n turbin ph hp v hiu qu vi cc thit b trao i
nhit thch hp l c mt h thng iu ha khng kh hon chnh.
iu ho khng kh cng tc ng mnh m n s pht trin ca bm nhit, mt
loi my lnh dng si m trong ma ng. Gi l my lnh khi ta s dng hiu ng
lnh thit b bay hi, cn gi l bm nhit khi s dng ngun nhit ly t thit b ngng
t. Bm nhit u tin c William Thomson (Lord Keivin) sng ch nm 1852. Tuy
nhin, vic pht trin bm nhit tri qua mt thi gian kh di. L do chnh l do ga
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thnh thit b bm nhit, gi in v ga vn hnh kh t. Ngy nay cc loi my iu

ha khng kh hai chiu (bm nhit) tr nn rt ph bin v thng dng.
II. ng dng ca iu ho khng kh.
Trong cng nghip, ngnh iu tit khng kh c nhng bc tin nhanh chng.
Ngnh iu tit khng kh h tr c lc cho nhiu ngnh kinh t nh dt, thuc l,
ch, giy, in n, thng tin, v tuyn, in t, vi in t, my tnh, quang hc, phim nh,
sinh hc, c kh chnh xc, khai thc m, dc liu, qun s, th dc th thao
Ngy nay, mi ngnh u c nhng cng trnh ring nghin cu v iu ho khng
kh ng dng cho ring ngnh mnh. V d i vi ngnh dt, thuc l, bt v giy, th
hai thng s nhit v m l quan trng nht. Nhng trong cc ngnh in n, ha cht
th vic thi nhit v hi c li quan trng hn. C trong cc ngnh quang hc, in t,
vi in t, phim nh, c kh chnh xc th ngoi hai thng s nhit v m th
sch ca khng kh c c bit ch .
iu ho khng kh tin nghi ngy cng tr nn quen thuc c bit l trong cc
ngnh y t, vn ha, th dc th thao, vui chi, gii tr, du lch v i sng
Trong khi iu ha k thut i hi mt mi trng khng thay so vi bn ngoi th
ngc li, iu ha tin nghi thay i ty theo ma, thm ch thay di theo gi trong ngy
v c bit thay i theo tp qun ca tng vng dn c.
Yu cu tin nghi i vi con ngi c th c chia thnh hai nhm chnh:
Nhm 1: Nhit khng kh, m khng kh, tc khng kh, v nhit vch bao
quanh.
Nhm ny ch yu cp n c ch ta nhit ca con ngi. C th con ngi lun ta
nhit. Long nhit ta r

a ph thuc vo

hot ng c con ngi. Nhit ta ra bng ba cch:

-

i lu v dn nhit qua da vo khng kh.

Bc x t da vo mi trng.

Bay hi nc trn b mt da.

Nhm 2: trong sch ca khng kh, n, trng tnh in.

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Nhm ny cp n nhng yu t tc ng mnh n s tin nghi con ngi. V khng

kh l no cng ln tp cht nh bi, cc kh l, vi khun. Do , tu theo yu cu cn
phi lp t cc thit b kh bi, vi khun, ha cht c hi, tp cht trong khng kh..
Ting i cng l tiu chun nh gi mc tin nghi. Ting n gy ra t my mc, thit
b giao thng vn ti v ch nh t thit b iu ho khng kh. Cn phi nghin cu cc
phng php v thit b gim ting n xung di mc cho php.
nh hng ca trng tnh in n cm gic tin nghi ca con ngi ch c
nghin cu trong nhng nm gn y. Ngi ta nhn thy s tha ion trong phng lm
cho con ngi chu, chng c mt mi v nng cao kh nng chng cc bnh truyn
nhi. C th t c s ion ha khng kh bng cch b tr ngun ion m sn nh v
cc in cc dng trn nh. Hin nay, mt s hng sn xut c nhng my iu
ho khng kh s dng cng ngh Nano c th to ra cc ion Ag+ c kh nng dit
khun, kh mi v gip con ngi cm thy chu hn.
III. Mt s nh ngha v iu ha khng kh.
iu ha khng kh v k thut thng gi c s lin quan vi nhau rt cht ch,
trong iu ha khng kh l nh cao ca k thut thng gi. K thut thng gi ch
trng ch yu vo vn kh nhit tha, khng ch nhit , vn tc gi v sch ca
mi trng khng kh. Cn iu ha khng kh th ngoi cc vn trn, cn phi c kh
nng kh m tha, khng ch c nhit v m, l hai yu t vi kh hu quan trng
nht ca mi trng khng kh bn trong cc cng trnh kin trc dn dng v cng
nghip.
iu ho khng kh l qu trnh x l khng kh trong cc thng s v nhit ,
m tng i, s tun hon lu thng phn phi khng kh, sch bi cng nh cc
tp cht ha hc c iu chnh trong phm vi cho trc theo yu cu ca khng
gian cn iu ha khng ph thuc vo cc iu kin thi tit ang din ra bn ngoi nh.
Theo mc ch ng dng c th phn ra iu ha tin nghi v iu ha cng ngh. Theo
tnh cht quan trng ca cng trnh c th phn ra iu ha cp 1, cp 2 v cp 3. Theo
kt cu h thng chia ra iu ha cc b, iu ha trung tm gi v iu ha trung tm
nc.

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iu ha tin nghi l qu trnh iu ha khng kh p ng tin nghi nht ca con

ngi, lm cho con ngi cm thy thoi mi trong iu kin vi kh hu m h thng iu
ha khng kh to ra. Cc lnh vc ng dng chnh ca iu ha tin nghi l:
- Cc dch v nh khch sn, nh hng, cc ta nh vn phng, siu th, cc ca hng,
trung tm thng mi
- Cc cng trnh cng cng nh rp ht, rp chiu bng, th vin, bo tng, phng
ho nhc, hi trng, nh thi u, sn vn ng, trng hc
- Nh v cn h, khu chung c, nh ngh, khu iu dng
- Y t nh bnh vin, phng khm, nh h sinh, phng phu thut
- Cc phng tin giao thng nh xe t, du lch, tu ha, tu thy, my bay
- Trong cc xng my, cc xng gia cng ch bin, ca hng thng nghip dch
v ...
- iu ha cng ngh l iu ha khng kh phc v cho cc qu trnh cng ngh sn
xut, ch bin trong cc ngnh cng nghip khc nhau nh:
- Cng nghip vi si, dt, may mc, thuc l, in n, ch, dc
- Cng nghip in t, tin hc, my tnh, bu in, vin thng
- Cng ngh chnh xc nh quang hc, c kh chnh xc, phn xng ch to cc
dng c o
- Ch bin thc phm, nng, lm, thy sn, sinh hc, vi sinh, ha cht
iu ha khng kh cp 1 l iu ha tin nghi c tin cy cao nht, duy tr c
cc thng s vi kh hu trong nh trong gii hn cho php khng ph thuc vo nhng
bin ng kh hu cc i ngoi tri ca ma h v ma ng ghi nhn c trong
nhiu nm.
iu ha khng kh cp 2 l iu ha tin nghi c tin cy trung bnh, duy tr
c cc thng s vi kh hu trong nh vi phm vi sai lch khng qu 200 h trong nm
khi c bin ng kh hu cc i ngoi tri c ma h v ma ng.
iu ha khng kh cp 3 l iu ha tin nghi c tin cy thp, duy tr c cc
thng s vi kh hu trong nh vi phm vi sai lch khng qu 400 h trong nm khi c
bin ng kh hu cc i ngoi tri c ma h v ma ng.
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IV. Cc h thng iu ha khng kh.

H thng iu ha khng kh l mt tp hp cc my mc, thit b, dng c
tin hnh cc qu trnh x l khng kh nh si m, lm lnh, kh m, gia m iu
chnh khng ch v duy tr cc thng s vi kh hu trong nh nh nhit , m,
sch, kh ti, s tun hon v phn phi khng kh trong phng nhm p ng nhu cu
v tin nghi v cng ngh.
Vic phn loi cc h thng iu ha khng kh l rt phc tp v chng qu a dng
v phong ph p ng nhiu ng dng c th ca hu ht cc ngnh kinh t, tuy nhin, c
th phn loi cc h thng iu ha khng kh theo cc c im sau y:
- Theo mc ch ng dng c th phn ra iu ha tin nghi v iu ha cng ngh.
- Theo tnh cht quan trng phn ra iu ha cp 1, cp 2 v cp 3.
- Theo tnh tp trung phn ra h thng iu ha cc b, h thng iu ha t hp gn
(vi cc cm my gn) v h thng trung tn nc.
- Theo cch lm lnh khng kh phn ra h thng trc tip (lm lnhtrc tip khng
kh bng dn bay hi) hoc gin tip (qua nc lnh vi dn FCU v AHU). Loi
gin tip c th phn ra loi kh v loi t. Loi kh l loi c dn ng xon trao
i nhit c cnh, nc lnh i trong ng v khng kh i ngoi ng. Loi t cn
gi dn phun l loi bung iu khng c dn phun trc tip nc lnh vo khng
kh cn ln lnh. Loi kh cn c gi l h thng kn v loi t l h thng h.
- Theo cch phn phi khng kh c th phn ra h thng cc b hoc trung tm. Kiu
cc b l x l khng kh c tnh cht cc b cho tng khng gian iu ha ring l
cn kiu trung tm l khng kh c x l ti mt trung tm v phn phi n cc
khng gian iu ha bng ng gi.
- Theo nng sut lnh c th phn ra loi nh (ti 2 tn lnh M hay 24.000 Btu/h
hoc 7 kW), loi trung bnh t 3 n 100 tn lnh M v loi ln t 100 tn lnh M
tr ln.
- Theo chc nng th c li mt chiu hoc hai chiu. Loi mt chiu ch c chc
nng lm lnh. Loi hai chiu l bm nhit c kh nng lm lnh vo ma h v
si m vo ma ng.

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- Theo kt cu my th c th chia ra my iu ha mt cm, hai cm v nhiu cm.

Loi mt cm cn gi l my iu ha nguyn cm nh my iu ha ca s, my
iu ha lp trn my, my iu ha gii nhit nc. My hai v nhiu cm cn
c gi l my iu ha tch. Cc loi my ny c tn chung l my iu ha t
hp gn hay gi tt l my iu ha gn.
- Theo cch b tr dn lnh chia ra loi c s, treo tng, treo trn, giu trn hoc m
trn, giu trn cassette, giu trn cassette mt ca hoc nhiu ca thi, t tng, hp
tng hoc kiu t hnh lang
- Theo cch lm mt thit b ngng t chia ra loi gii nhit gi hoc gii nhit nc
hoc kt hp gi v nc. Lm mt bng nc cc cng trnh thng s dng
nc tun hon vi thp gii nhit. Lm mt bng nc kt hp vi gi l loi dn
ngng ti hoc thp ngng.
- Theo chu trnh lnh c th phn ra my lnh nn hi, hp th, ejector hoc nn kh.
- Theo mi cht lnh ca my nn hi chia ra my lnh dng amoniac, freon R22,
134a, 404A, B, 507, 123 hoc nc
- Theo kiu my nn chia ra my nn pittng, trc vt, rto, xoc c hoc tuabin.
- Theo kt cu my nn chia ra kiu kn, na kn hoc h.
- Theo cch b tr ng dn nc lnh ca h thng trung tm nc chia ra h thng 2
ng, h hi ngc, h 3 ng v 4 ng nc.
- Theo h thng ng phn phi gi chia ra h thng 1 ng gi, 2 ng gi hoc h
thng khng ng gi.
- Theo cc iu chnh gi phn ra loi h thng lu lng khng thay i (CAV
Constant Air Volume) v h thng lu lng thay i (VAVVariable Air Volume)
- Theo cch iu chnh nng sut lnh theo cch ng ngt my nn hoc iu chnh
v cp tc qua my bin tng phn ra h thng lu lng mi cht khng i
hoc h thng lu lng mi cht thay i (VRV Variable Refrigerant Volume).
VRV l kiu my iu ha cbit ca Daikin iu chnh nng sut lnh bng my
bin tng, mt cm dn nng kt ni c ti 8 hoc 16 dn lnh.
- Theo p sut gi trong ng c loi gi p cao v gi p thp.
- Theo tc gi trong ng c loi gi tc cao v tc thp.
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Vi nhng c im s b nh trn, th vic phn loi cc h thng iu ha khng kh l

rt kh khn, phc tp. Nhng vic gi tn ng cc h thng iu ha khng kh l rt
cn thit, do ta c mt s thut ng phn loi cc h thng in ha khng kh da vo
cc c im trn:

H thng iu ha khng kh cc b l cc loi my iu ha nh, nng sut lnh

n 24.000 Btu/h c dn bay hi v dn ngng t kiu nguyn cm nh my iu ha
ca s hoc tch, mt chiu hoc hai chiu nng lnh, dn bay hi khng c ng gi.

My lnh mt cm

My lnh hai cm
H thng iu ha khng kh t hp (multi) l cc loi my hoc h thng iu ha
khng kh kiu nguyn cm hoc kiu tch theo t hp gn c nng sut lnh t 3 n
220 tons, dn bay hi lm lnh khng kh trc tip, thit b ngng t gii nhit gi hoc
nc, mt chiu hoc hai chiu, dng cho iu ha tin nghi hoc cng ngh, kiu mt
cm, hoc kiu tch hai hoc nhiu cm hoc kiu VRV, c hoc khng c ng gi.

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H thng iu ha khng kh t hp.

H thng iu ha khng kh trung tm: l cc loi thng iu ha khng kh gin
tip s dng my lm lnh nc, v cc dn lm lnh khng kh bng nc lnh FCU
hoc AHU kh hoc t, thit b ngng t gii nhit gi hoc nc. si m cho ma
ng thng s dng ni hi bm nc, bm nhit hoc s dng trc tip cc in tr
t nng t trong cc FCU, AHU hoc t trn ng ng gi cp. H thng ng dn
nc lnh c th l loi 2 ng, h hi ngc, h 3 ng hoc 4 ng.

H thng iu ha trung tm Water Chiller.

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AHU (Air Handling Unit)

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Hnh nh AHU trong thc t.

FCU (Fan coil Unit)

Hnh nh FCU trong thc t.

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CHNG II
CC THIT B CA H THNG IU HA KHNG KH, THNG GI

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Chp gi (Louver).
Chp gi l ca ly gi ti t ngoi hoc thi gi x ra ngoi tri. Chp gi thng
c cc cnh chp nm ngang c nghing ph hp trnh ma ht vo nh hng n
ng ng gi v c li bo v chut b hoc chim lt t ngoi vo ng ng gi.
Cnh chp thng l loi c nh, khng iu chnh c. V chp go dc gn ngoi
tri do thng c lm bng vt liu c kh nng chu c cc nh hng ca iu
kin thi tit.

Hnh nh v mt s dng louver.

Phin lc gi (air fitter).
Phin lc gi c s dng lc bi cho phng iu
ha khng kh. Ty theo chc nng ca phng cng nh
nng bi cho php m la chn phin lc gi c kh nng
lc bi khc nhau. Trong cc phng iu ha tin nghi thng
thng, phin lc l cc loi tm li lc. Trong cc h thng
iu ha trung tm thng dng loi ti vi. Vi cc yu
cu cao hn c th dng b loc tnh in, b lc tm du. i vi cc phng sch nh
in t, vi mch hoc phng sn xut thuc cn phi s dng cc b lc c hiu sut cao
c bit.

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Van gi (damper).
Van gi dng iu chnh lu lng gi k c ng m ng gi. Van gi c
nhiu loi. Theo hnh dng c loi vung, ch nht hoc trn. Theo s lng l gi iu
chnh th c th l loi mt l, hai l hoc nhiu l. Theo cch vn hnh th c loi iu
chnh bng tay, ng c in hoc thy lc kh nn. Theo cng dng th c th chia ra
nhiu loi khc nhau nh van gi s dng trong cng nghip, lai t ng ng m ca
gi theo p sut, van gi mt chiu

Hnh nh thc t ca van iu chnh gi.

Van chn la (fire damper).

Van chn la l thit b c cu to ging nh van
gi nhng c kh nng ng cht ng gi vo v ra,
c lp phng c ha hon ra khi h thng ng ng
gi trnh ly ha hon. Cu to van chn la gm
mt khung kim loi v cng c cnh xp bng kim
loi. Cc cnh xp c gi cng nh l xo v xp
gn pha trn khung. L xo c gi bng mt cu
chy. Khi nhit t 720C (mt s loi 680C) th cu chy chy ra. Cc cnh xp p
xung nh trng lc v nh l xo ng kn ca thng gi, c lp phng c ha hon.

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B si khng kh (heater).
B si khng kh hay cn gi l b sy, b gia nhit. B si c nhiu loi. Theo
v tr lp t: trc, gia hoc sau b x l khng kh gi l b si s b, b si chnh
hoc b si b sung. Theo ngun nhit th c loi chy bng hi nc, bng nc nng,
bng in hoc bng gas. B si khng kh thng c s dng trong ma ng
si m phng, ngoi ra cn c s dng iu chnh nhit thi vo trong ma h,
iu chnh m khng kh khi cn thit.
Hp iu chnh lu lng (VAV).
Hp iu chnh lu lng hay cn gi l hp
gi cui (air terminal box) thng c lp trc
cc ming thi khch tn iu chnh lu lng gi
vo trong phng. Hp iu chnh lu lng cu to
gm mt v cha c ca vo hnh trn ni vi bn
p sut cao v ca ra hnh vung hoc trn ni vi
pha p sut thp. Trong ca vo c b tr u cm bin o p sut vi sai v mt tm
iu chnh lu lng hot ng da vo mt motor in. gim ting n ca dng
khng kh, pha trong v hp c dn mt lp cch nhit v hp th m.
Hp gim m (sound attenuator).
Hp gim m lp trn ng ng gi dng gim m cho lung gi thi vo
phng. Hp c cu to gm khung v cc tm tiu m lm bng vt liu hp th m thanh
t song song theo hng chuyn ng ca khng kh. Hp gim m c dng vung, ch
nht hoc trn. Ngoi ra cn c loi tm tiu m ri nhng ngi thit k c th b tr
cho cc AHU hoc cc ng ng t ch to.
Ming thi (diffuser), ming ht (ghi gi) (grille).
Ming thi l thit b cui cng trn ng ng gi c nhim v cung cp v khch
tn gi vo phng, phn phi u khng kh iu ha trong phng, sau khng kh
c a qua ming ht ti tun ha v thit b x l khng kh. Ming thi v ming ht
c nhiu loi khc nhau. Theo hnh dng: vung, ch nht, trn, khe , Theo v tr lp
t: gn trn, tng, sn, hoc cu thang, bc. Theo cng dng v tc dng phn b
khng kh: loi khch tn hoc phun tia tc cao.
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Mt s dng ca ming thi gn trn

- Ming thi gn trn: Hnh dng: vng, trn. Pha di c c l, pha trn c hp
gi v l van iu chnh lu lng. Cc ming thi ny thng c s dng cho
trn c cao t 2,6m 4,0m v cng c th dng lm ming hi.
- Ghi gi gn tng:
- Ghi gi gn trn cc dn lnh t sn hoc giu tng, va c th cp gi va c th
hi gi. Ghi gi thng l hnh ch nht c chiu di ln hn chiu cao. Bn ngoi
l khung vi cc thanh ng, ngang, kiu li hoc c l to thnh tm li trang
tr v bo v c thm m cao ph hp vic cp v hi gi.
- Mi phun c s dng trong trng hp khong cch thi v vng lm vic ln
nh hi trng, rp ht c trn cao. Khong cch phun c th t n 30m.
- Mi phun c v hnh tr, c khp ni cu vi v. Trong khp cu c mt c cu
iu chnh hng mi phun rt thun tin cho vic iu chnh hng dng phun.
- Ming thi sn v cu thang: l loi ming m trn cng l np khch tn, pha di
l chi tit iu chnh hng gi thi, di chi tit iu chnh l by bi bn v t
ct t sn nh ri xung ming thi.. cc chi tit ny c lp trn mt vng c nh
ri b tr vo trong hp gi. Hp gi c ming trn hoc vung ni vi ng ng
gi cp. Nh chi tit iu chnh c th iu chnh hng gi ng, xin hoc ngang.
- Ming thi khe: l loi ming thi c ca gi cp dng mt khe hoc nhiu khe hp
c kch thc chiu di ln hn chiu rng gp nhiu ln. Ming thi lp trn trn.
Trn ming thi c hp gi v ng ni vi ng phn phi gi. Trn ca ni c
van iu chnh lu lng.
- Ming thi xoy: c kh nng khuch tn v ha trn rt nhanh vi khng kh trong
phng, lm ng u nhit v m nhanh chng trong vng lm vic.

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ng gi (Air Duct).

Trong h thng thng gi, ng ng ng gi c nhim v:

- i vi h thng thi: Ly khng kh sch, vn chuyn v phn phi qua cc ming
thi vo phng.
- i vi h thng ht: Ht khng kh b nhim qua cc ming ht trong phng, vn
chuyn v thi vo kh quyn.
ng gi c ch to t nhng vt liu khc nhau v c hnh dng, tit din ngang
khc nhau, c th l vung, trn hoc ch nht. iu quan trng ca ng gi l tnh cht
b mt bn trong ng , s lng ch un v ch chuyn tip t tit din ny sang tit din
khc, v sc cn thy lc ca ng ng phn ln ph thuc vo cc yu t ny. B mt
nhn th sc cn s nh v t b bm bi, do vt liu lm ng gi thch hp nht l tn.
ng gi phi t dn nhit, t thm thu trong khng kh, hi nc v phi chu la
tt. Yu t chu la l rt quan trng v trong trng hp xy ra ha hon la d lan
truyn t phng ny sang phng khc theo h thng ng ng gi.
Hnh dng hp l nht ca tit din ng gi l hnh dng m ng vi din tch tit
din ngang nht nh ta c chu vi nh nht, do sc cn ma st s l b nht.
Nh vy, ng gi tit din trn l c li nht, tip n l tit din vung v cui
cng la ch nht. Ong trn c bn ln hn khi c cng dy vt liu, cng ch to t
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hn v lng vt liu chi ph t hn 18 20% so vi ng tit din vung hoc ch nht.

Do khi thng gi cng nghip nn s dng ng ng tit din trn.
ng gi tit din ch nht tuy khng c li v mt sc cn ma st, nhng n c c
im l rt thun tin trong vic b tr lp t, ha hp vi ni tht ca cng trnh, d kt
hp vi cc kt cu kin trc, xy dng v tit kim khng gian so vi ng trn c cng
tit din. Do trong nh dn dng ng gi thng c ch to vi tit din ch nht,
vung.

ng gi ngoi vt liu l tn th cn c lm bng nha, thp khng g, thp c

qut sn chng g hoc c khi lm bng ng gm trnh tnh trng b han g khi s
dng trong cc nh my ha cht, ni m khng kh c nhiu cht n mn.
Cu to v cc b phn trong h thng ng gi bng tn:
- i vi ng tit din ch nht: ng gi c lm thnh tng on c ng knh
khng i. Mi on c ghp t nhiu tm tn li vi nhau bng cch ghp m ,
ghp m c th ghp m n hoc kp, ghp m kiu ng hoc kiu nm, v cc
on ng c ni vi nhau bng mt bch (tai-ke).
- i vi ng tit din trn: ngi ta dng phng php cun l xo trn my. Nguyn
liu ch to ng l tn di b rng t 125 135 mm, dy t 0.4 -1 mm.
ng knh ng c th thay i t 100 1800 mm. Cc on ng c ni li vi
nhau bng np di hoc ai m thay cho mt bch.
Cc b phn ni tip trong h thng ng gi:
- Ngoc (co, ct): Dng chuyn hng i ca ng ng. C cc loi co vi cc
gc ngoc 300 , 450 , 600 , v 900 .
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- Chc ba, chc t: L nhng b phn ni tip dng phn phi h thng ng dn
thnh cc nhnh r.

- Ln (con vt): L b phn ni tip dng ni dai ng dn hai truc song song
nhau.
- u ni ( chuyn tip, phu): L b phn dng ni hai ng c ng knh khc
nhau, hoc tit din khc nhau: trn trn, trn ch nht, ch nht ch nht,
ch nht trn. u ni c th l u ni cn hoc lch.

Ngoi ra, mt dng ca ng gi l ng ni mm ( Flexible duct) l ng c v bng

giy bc, bn trong c lp cch nhit thng dng kt ni FCU/AHU ti cc ming

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thi. ng ni mm rt thun tin (v c th un ln d dng ) v trnh tn tht cho h

thng.

Qut (Fan).

My qut l b phn rt quan trng ca h thng thng gi c kh. N dng to

ra s chuyn ng ca khng kh trong khng gian hoc trn ng ng, ni cch khc l
dng vn chuyn khng kh t ni ny sang ni khc.
Theo cu to v nguyn tc hot ng th qut c chia thnh hai loi chnh l qut
ly tm v qut hng trc.
Trong qut ly tm th dng khng kh thay i hng chuyn ng t dc trc ming
vo sang ly tm trong v qut trc khi thot ra ngoi hoc trc khi chuyn ng trc
tip trn ng ng. Cn qut hng trc th hng chuyn ng ca dng khng kh
dc theo trc qut khng thay i.
Theo mi trng lm vic, cht kh chuyn ng qua qut, qut c chia thnh bn
loi:
- Qut thng dng vn chuyn khng kh hoc cht kh no c nhit di
500C v khng n mn, cht kh c th cha bi v cht rn dng ri khc nhng
hm lng khng qu 150 mg/m3.
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- Qut chng n mn vn chuyn mi trng c tnh n mn.

- Qut chng n vn chuyn mi trng c th gy n.
- Qut bi khi mi trng lm vic c cha bi vi hm lng ln hn 150 mg/m 3.
i vi qut ly tm ngi ta cn phn loi theo p sut do qut gy ra:
- Qut p sut thp c p sut ton phn do qut gy ra nh hn 100 kg/m2.
- Qut p sut trung bnh: p sut ton phn t 100 300 kG/m2.
- Qut p sut cao: p sut ton phn ln hn 300 kG/m2.
Bung x l khng kh AHU (AHU HOUSING).
AHU l h thng cc dn trao i nht c nng sut lnh ln s dng cho cc
phng n, snh, hi trng, phng khch c ca ly gi ti, c cc b phn lc kh,
sy kh, gia nhit c th iu chnh v khng ch chnh xc nhit cng nh m
tng i ca khng kh thi vo phng. AHU c qut ly tm ct p cao c th lp vi h
thng ng gi ln. AHU c loi kh v loi t, loi c dn phun nc lnh trc tip vo
khng kh lm lnh v ra kh.
Ty theo c im kt cu v hot ng, AHU cng c phn ra nhiu loi khc nhau.
Trc ht l kiu kh v kiu t.
-

Lm lnh kiu kh l cho nc v khng kh i qua b mt trao i nhit kiu dn

ng nhn hoc dn ng c cnh m bn trong dn ng c cht ti lnh lu thng.

Lm lnh kiu t l cho khng kh trc tip tip xc vi nc lnh c nhit

thch hp c phun ra t ngn phun nc thnh ht mn vo dng khng kh. H
iu ha c dng AHU kiu kh cn gi l h nc kn c bnh gin n. H iu
ha c dng AHU kiu t cn gi l h nc h khng c bnh gin n.
Theo hnh dng chia ra kiu ng v kiu nm.
Cn c dn gia nhit c loi s dng dn ng nc nng hoc dn si in tr.
Cn c vo p sut c loi p sut thp, p sut cao, 1 qut hoc 2 qut.

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Hnh nh AHU trong thc t.

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PHN III
QU TRNH THC TP TI
CNG TRNG

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