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M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34. Koristei se formulama za: kvadrat zbroja binoma i kvadrat razlike binoma
( A + B)

= A2 + 2 AB + B 2

( A B)

= A2 2 AB + B 2

izraunaj:
1)

( x + y)

2)

( y + x)

3)

( x y)

4)

( y x)

5)

( x + 3)

6)

( x 5)

7)

(2 x)

8)

(2 + x)

9)

( x 1)

10)

( x 4)

11)

( a 2)

15)

(7 x)

19)

( x + 5y)

23)

( 3x + 2 )

27)

(5x + 2 y )

31)

( 3m + n )

35)

( 0,5 x 2 y )

2
3
39) x + y
3
4

13)

( y 5)

14)

( x + 6)

17)

(2 + z)

18)

( z 2)

21)

(7x + y )

22)

( x 3y)

25)

( 2a 5b )

26)

(2x + 3y )

29)

(3x 4 y )

30)

( 5a + 7 b )

33)

( 0, 2 x + 3)

34)

(1, 2 x + 0,3)

37) x +
2

2
2
2
2

38) x + 1
2

41) x + 0, 2 y
2

1
45) 1 x +
2

42) 4 x
2

61)

( x + 1)
( 2a b )
( 2 x y 3z )
(a b c d )

65)

69)

(5x 6 y )

73)

( 2a 3b )

77)

( 3x + y )

49)
53)
57)

81)
85)
89)

2 3

)
)

+ 3n

3n

+ a n +1

20)

(5x y )

24)

( 2 x + 5)

28)

( 3x + 4 y )

32)

( 2 m 5n )

36)

( 0, 2m + 0,3n )

40) 0, 4 x y
3

2
1
43) x + y 3
3
2

62)

(a b

63)

66)

67)

70)

( x + 4y)

71)

( x 3)

74)

(x 4 y)

78)
82)

86)
2

90)

5b 2

2 3

51)

c2

55)

4 a 3 b 5a 2 b 3

( 5a b + 2c )
(3 5 )
(2 + 2 )
(a a )
m

79)
83)

m +1

m 1 2

87)

n 1

n +1 2

91)

52)
2

56)
60)

64)

9a 4 b3 2a 2 b 4

1 n

2
2
2

( 3a b )
( 3x + 7 y )
( 2ab 3c )
( a b + 4c )
2

2 3

2
1

68) a 2 b a 4 b3
3
2

72)

(x 2 y)

76)

( a + 7b )

( 2 x y + 3z )
(2 + 2 )
(2 + 2 )
( 2a 3b )
2

3
1
48) xz
2
4

3
2
44) x3 y 4
4
3

75) x 4 y 2
2

2 3

47) 3 x 0,5 y
3

59)

M I M Sraga 2003/05

( 2ab + 3c ) 2

(8 + y )

58)

16)

2a 4 b3 3a 2 b7

(2
(3
(a

(3 b)

50)

12)

(3 x )
( 2x + 3 y )
(a b + c )
( a b 3c )

54)

(x
(a

1
2
46) 2 x 1
4
3

80)
84)
88)
92)

( 2 + 2 )
(2 + 2 )
(2 2 )
( 2a + 3b )
m

n +1
x

m 1

n2
y

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M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 A B + B 2 i ( A B )2 = A2 2 A B + B 2

2
2
2
2
2
2
To pravilo moemo pisati i ovako: ( I + II ) = I + 2 I II + II i ( I II ) = I 2 I II + II
Sve o kvadratu binoma morali bi znati ve iz 8. razreda ali ponovim o to jo jednom.
Pogledajmo kako to radimo na dva primjera:

a)

( x + 1)

a)

( x + 1)

( x 1)

b)

= x 2 + 2 x 1 + 12 = x 2 + 2 x + 1

objanjenje:

( x + 1)

= x 2 + 2 x 1 + 12 = x 2 + 2 x + 1

2
2
( A + B ) = A + 2 A B + B2

( x + 1)

ili

( I + II )

= x 2 + 2 x 1 + 12 = x 2 + 2 x + 1

= I 2 + 2 I II + II 2

ovo pravilo itamo ovako:

Prvi plus drugi na kvadrat
jednako je prvi na kvadrat, plus dvostruki prvi puta drugi, plus drugi na kvadrat.

b)

( x 1)

= x 2 2 x 1 + 12 = x 2 2 x + 1

objanjenje:

( x 1)

= x 2 2 x 1 + 12 = x 2 2 x + 1

= A2 2 A B + B 2

( A B )2

( x 1)

ili

= x 2 2 x 1 + 12 = x 2 2 x + 1

2
2
( I II ) = I 2 I II + II 2

1)

( x + y)

= x 2 + 2 xy + y 2

2)

( y + x)

= y 2 + 2 y x + x 2 = x 2 + 2 xy + y 2

3)

( x y)

= x 2 2 xy + y 2

4)

( y x)

= y 2 2 y x + x 2 = x 2 + 2 xy + y 2

5)

( x + 3)

= x 2 + 2 x 3 + 32 =

= x2 + 6x + 9

M I M Sraga 2003/05

Rjeenja i kompletni postupak

M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2

To pravilo moemo pisati i ovako:

6)

( x 5)

= A2 + 2 A B + B 2 i

( I + II )

( A B)

= A2 2 A B + B 2

= I 2 + 2 I II + II 2 i ( I II ) = I 2 2 I II + II 2
2

= x 2 2 x 5 + 52 =
= x 2 10 x + 25

7)

(2 x)

= 22 2 2 x + x 2 =
= 4 4x + x2

8)

(2 + x)

= 22 + 2 2 x + x 2 =
= 4 + 4x + x2

9)

( x 1)

to moemo p isati i dalje: = x 2 4 x + 4

= x2 + 4x + 4

= x 2 2 x 1 + 12 =
= x2 2x + 1

10)

( x 4)

= x 2 2 x 4 + 42 =
= x 2 8 x + 16

11)

( a 2)

= a 2 2 a 2 + 22 =
= a 2 4a + 4

12)

(3 b )

= 32 2 3 b + b 2 =
= 9 6b + b 2

13)

( y 5)

= y 2 2 y 5 + 52 =
= y 2 10 y + 25

14)

( x + 6)

= x 2 + 2 x 6 + 62 =
= x 2 + 12 x + 36

15)

(7 x)

= 72 2 7 x + x2 =
= 49 14 x + x 2

16)

(8 + y )

= 82 + 2 8 y + y 2 =
= 64 + 16 y + y 2

M I M Sraga 2003/05

dobro je kako god napiete ...

Rjeenja i kompletni postupak

M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2

= A2 + 2 A B + B 2 i

To pravilo moemo pisati i ovako:

17)

(2 + z)

( I + II )

( A B)

= A2 2 A B + B 2

= I 2 + 2 I II + II 2 i ( I II ) = I 2 2 I II + II 2
2

= 22 + 2 2 z + z 2 =
= 4 + 4z + z2

18)

( z 2)

= z 2 2 z 2 + 22 =
= z2 4z + 4

19)

( x + 5y)

= x2 + 2 x 5 y + (5 y ) =

= x 2 + 10 xy + 52 y 2 =
= x 2 + 10 xy + 25 y 2
Jo jednom isti zadatak:

19)

( x + 5y)

= x 2 + 2 x 5 y + ( 5 y ) = x 2 + 10 xy + 52 y 2 = x 2 + 10 xy + 25 y 2

7
Primjeni pravilo: ( ab ) = a n b n
n

u naem sluaju:

(5 y )

= 52 y 2 = 25 y 2

7 i ovdje
20)

(5x y )

= ( 5 x ) 2 5 x y + y 2 = 52 x 2 10 xy + y 2 = 25 x 2 10 xy + y 2

ili moemo pisati i ovako:

(5x y )

= (5x ) 2 5x y + y 2 =

= 52 x 2 10 xy + y 2 =
= 25 x 2 10 xy + y 2

21)

(7x + y )

= (7 x) + 2 7 x y + y2 =
2

= 7 2 x 2 + 14 xy + y 2 =
= 49 x 2 + 14 xy + y 2

22)

( x 3y)

= x2 2 x 3 y + (3 y ) =
2

= x 2 6 xy + 32 y 2 =
= x 2 6 xy + 9 y 2

M I M Sraga 2003/05

Rjeenja i kompletni postupak

M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 A B + B 2 i ( A B )2 = A2 2 A B + B 2

2
2
2
2
2
2
To pravilo moemo pisati i ovako: ( I + II ) = I + 2 I II + II i ( I II ) = I 2 I II + II
23)

( 3x + 2 )

= ( 3 x ) + 2 3 x 2 + 22 =

= 32 x 2 + 12 x + 4 =
= 9 x 2 + 12 x + 4

24)

( 2 x + 5)

= ( 2 x ) + 2 2 x 5 + 52 =

= 22 x 2 + 20 x + 25 =
= 4 x 2 + 20 x + 25

Sve ove zadatke moemo rjeavati u jednom redu ali tada je teko pisati upute,
kada svaki korak piem u novi red tada desno od zadatka ima mjesta za uputu.

25)

( 2a 5b )

= ( 2a ) 2 2a 5b + ( 5b ) = 22 a 2 20ab + 52 b 2 = 4a 2 20ab + 25b 2

2

Jo jednom isti zadatak: ( 2a 5b ) = ( 2a ) 2 2a 5b + ( 5b ) =

2

= 22 a 2 20ab + 52 b 2 =
= 4a 2 20ab + 25b 2

26)

(2x + 3y )

= ( 2 x ) + 2 2 x 3 y + (3 y ) =
2

= 22 x 2 + 12 xy + 32 y 2 =
= 4 x 2 + 12 xy + 9 y 2

27)

(5x + 2 y )

= (5x ) + 2 5x 2 y + ( 2 y ) =
2

= 52 x 2 + 20 xy + 22 y 2 =
= 25 x 2 + 20 xy + 4 y 2

28)

( 3x + 4 y )

= ( 3x ) + 2 3x 4 y + ( 4 y ) =
2

= 32 x 2 + 24 xy + 42 y 2 =
= 9 x 2 + 24 xy + 16 y 2

M I M Sraga 2003/05

Primjeni: ( ab ) = a nb n
n

Rjeenja i kompletni postupak

M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2

To pravilo moemo pisati i ovako:

29)

( 3x 4 y )

= A2 + 2 A B + B 2 i

( I + II )

( A B)

= A2 2 A B + B 2

= I 2 + 2 I II + II 2 i ( I II ) = I 2 2 I II + II 2
2

= ( 3x ) 2 3x 4 y + ( 4 y ) =

= 32 x 2 24 xy + 42 y 2 =
= 9 x 2 24 xy + 16 y 2

30)

( 5a + 7b )

= ( 5a ) + 2 5a 7b + ( 7b ) =
2

= 52 a 2 + 70ab + 7 2 b 2 =
= 25a 2 + 70ab + 49b 2

31)

( 3m + n )

= ( 3m ) + 2 3m n + n 2 =

= 32 m 2 + 6mn + n 2 =
= 9m 2 + 6mn + n 2

32)

( 2m 5n )

= ( 2m ) 2 2m 5n + ( 5n ) =
2

= 22 m 2 20mn + 52 n 2 =
= 4m 2 20mn + 25n 2

33)

( 0, 2 x + 3)

= ( 0, 2 x ) + 2 0, 2 x 3 + 32 = 0, 22 x 2 + 1, 2 x + 9 = 0, 04 x 2 + 1, 2 x + 9
2

2 0, 2 3 = 1, 2

0, 22 = 0, 2 0, 2 = 0, 04

Jo jednom taj isti zadatak:

33)

( 0, 2 x + 3)

= ( 0, 2 x ) + 2 0, 2 x 3 + 32 =
2

= 0, 22 x 2 + 1, 2 x + 9 =

Uputa:

2 0, 2 3 = 1, 2

0, 2 2 = 0, 2 0, 2 = 0, 04

= 0, 04 x 2 + 1, 2 x + 9

34)

(1, 2 x + 0,3)

= (1, 2 x ) + 2 1, 2 x 0,3 + 0,32 =

2 1, 2 0,3 = 0, 72

= 1, 22 x 2 + 2 1, 2 0,3 x + 0, 09 =

1, 22 = 1, 2 1, 2 = 1, 44

= 1, 44 x 2 + 0, 72 x + 0, 09

M I M Sraga 2003/05

Rjeenja i kompletni postupak

M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2

( I + II )

To pravilo moemo pisati i ovako:

35)

( 0,5 x 2 y )

( A B)

= A2 + 2 A B + B 2 i
2

= A2 2 A B + B 2

= I 2 + 2 I II + II 2 i ( I II ) = I 2 2 I II + II 2
2

= ( 0,5 x ) 2 0,5 x 2 y + ( 2 y ) =
2

= 0,52 x 2 2 x + 22 y 2 =
= 0, 25 x 2 2 x + 4 y 2

36)

( 0, 2m + 0,3n )

= ( 0, 2m ) + 2 0, 2 m 0,3 n + ( 0,3n ) =
2

= 0, 22 m 2 + 0,12mn + 0,32 n 2 =
= 0, 04m 2 + 0,12mn + 0, 09n 2
2

1
1 1

37) x + = x 2 + 2 x + =
2
2 2

1
12
= x2 + 2 x + 2 =
2
2
1
= x2 + x +
4

3
3

3
38) x + 1 = x + 2 x 1 + 12 =
2
2

2
32
= 2 x 2 + 3x + 1 =
2
9
= x 2 + 3x + 1
4

2
3
39) x +
3
4

M I M Sraga 2003/05

3
2

3
2
y = x + 2 x y + y =
4
3

4
3
2 3 2
32
3 2
22
3 2
= 2 x 2 + 2 x y + 2 y 2 = drugi lan 2 xy =
xy = 1xy
4 3
4 3
4 3
4
3
9 2
4
=
x + xy + y 2
16
9

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M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2

= A2 + 2 A B + B 2 i

( A B)

= A2 2 A B + B 2

5
5
2

5
40) 0, 4 x y = ( 0, 4 x ) 2 0, 4 x y + y =
3
3

3
2
4 5
5
= 0, 42 x 2 2 x y + 2 y 2 =
10 3
3
4
25 2
Moemo rjeenje ostaviti u ovom obliku
= 0,16 x 2 xy +
y =
3
9
25 2
16
4
16 2 4
=
x xy +
y =
=
ili decimalni broj 0,16 =
3
9
100 25
100
4 2 4
25 2
x xy +
y
pretvoriti u razlomak....
=
25
3
9

5
2
5

5
41) x + 0, 2 y = x + 2 x 0, 2 y + = ( 0, 2 y ) =
2
2

2
52
= 2 x 2 + 1 xy + 0, 22 y 2 =
2
25 2
=
x + xy + 0, 04 y 2
4
2

5
2 0, 2 = 5 0, 2 = 1
2

5
2
5

5
2
ili taj z adatak na drugi nain: x + 0, 2 y = x + 2 x
y + = y =
2 10
2

2
10
2

52 2
5 1
1
x + 2 x y + y =
2
2 5
2
5
25 2
1 2
=
x + xy +
y
4
25
4
1
Vidimo da su obadva rjeenja ista jer je: 0, 04 =
=
pa sada kako je kome lake
100 25
raunat obadva naina su ispravna...
=

42) 4 x
2

3
2

3
y = ( 4x) 2 4x y + y =
2

2
3
32
= 42 x 2 2 4 x y + 2 y 2 =
2
2
2
3
= 16 x 2 12 xy + 2 y 2 =
2
9
= 16 x 2 12 xy + y 2
4

M I M Sraga 2003/05

Rjeenja i kompletni postupak

M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 A B + B 2

2

= A2 2 A B + B 2

2
1 2
1
1
2
43) x + y 3 = x + 2 x y 3 + y 3 =
3
2 3
2
2
3
2
2
1
2
2
= 2 x 2 + xy 3 + 2 y 3 2 =
2
3
3
1
2
4
= x 2 + xy 3 + y 6
4
3
9

( )

( A B)

(y )

3 2

= y 3 2 = y 6

3
3
2
2
2
3
44) x3 y 4 = x3 2 x3 y 4 + y 4 =
4
4
3
3
3
4
2
2
2 3 3 4 32 4 2
3 2
= 2 x 2 x y + 2 y
=
3
3 4
4
4
9
= x 3 2 1 x 3 y 4 + y 4 2 =
9
16
4 6 3 4 9 8
= x x y + y
9
16

( )

2 3 2 23
2 =
=1
3 4
3 4

( )

1
1

45) 1 x + y = Odmah treba mjeoviti broj: 1

2
2

pretvoriti u razlomak pa tek tada kvadri rati:

3
1

3
2
1 x + y = x + y = x + 2 x y + y =
2
2

2
2
3
= 2 x 2 + xy + y 2
2

1 1.2 + 1 3
1 =
=
2
2
2

1
1 4 + 1
2
23 + 2
x
y = Odmah treba mjeoviti broj pretvoriti u razlomak
46) 2 x 1 y =
4
4
3
3

5
8
= x y =
4
3

pa tek tad a kvadrirati

8 5
8
5
= x 2 x y + y =
3 4
3
4
2
2
8
85
5
= 2 x2
x y + 2 y2 =
3
3 2
4
=

M I M Sraga 2003/05

64 2 40
25 2
x
xy +
y
9
6
16

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M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 A B + B 2

( A B)

= A2 2 A B + B 2

5
1
2

33 + 2
11
47) 3 x 0,5 y =
x y = x y =
10
2
3

3
3
2

11 1
11
1
= x 2 x y + y =
3
2
3
2
2
2
11
11
1
= 2 x 2 xy + 2 y 2 =
3
3
2
121 2 11
1
x xy + y 2
=
9
3
4

3
1
3
1
1
3
48) xz y = xz 2 x z y + y =
2
4
2
4
4
2
2
1
1 3
32
= 2 x2 y 2 2 x z y + 2 y 2 =
4
4 2
2
1 2 2 3
9 2
x y xzy + y
=
16
4
4

49)

(x

) = ( x ) + 2 x

+1

2 2

1 + 12 =

( )

x2

= x 22 + 2 x 2 + 1 =
= x4 + 2 x2 + 1

50)

(x

) = ( x ) 2 x
2

2 2

2 + 22 =

= x 22 4 x 2 + 4 =
= x4 4 x2 + 4

51)

(3 x )
4

( )

= 32 2 3 x 4 + x 4

= 9 6 x 4 + x 4 2 =
= 9 6 x 4 + x8

M I M Sraga 2003/05

10

( )

= x 2 2 = x 4 po pravilu: a n

= a nm

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M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 A B + B 2

52)

( 3a

b3

) = ( 3a ) 2 3 a b + ( b )
= 3 ( a ) 6a b + b =
2

( A B)

3 2

3 2

2 3

= 9 a 2 2 6 a 2b 3 + b 6 = 9 a 4 6 a 2b 3 + b 6

53)

( 2a

b2

) = ( 2a ) 2 2 a b + ( b )
= 2 ( a ) 4a b + b =
2

3 2

2 2

3 2

= 4a 3 2 4a 3b 2 + b 4 =
= 4a 6 4a 3b 2 + b 4

54)

(a

5b 2

) = ( a ) 2 a 5b + ( 5b )
= a 10a b + 5 ( b ) =
2

3 2

3 2

3 2

= a 6 10a 3b 2 + 25b 4

55)

( 2x

+ 3 y3

) = ( 2 x ) + 2 2 x 3 y + ( 3 y )
= 2 ( x ) + 12 x y + 3 ( y ) =
2

3 2

3 2

3 2

3 2

= 4 x3 2 + 12 x3 y 3 + 9 y 3 2 =
= 4 x 6 + 12 x3 y 3 + 9 y 6

56)

( 3x

+ 7 y5

) = ( 3 x ) + 2 3 x 7 y + ( 7 y ) =
= 3 ( x ) + 42 x y + 7 ( y ) =
2

5 2

5 2

= 9 x 4 2 + 42 x 4 y 5 + 49 y 5 2 =
= 9 x8 + 42 x 4 y 5 + 49 y10

57)

( 2x y
2

3z 2

) = ( 2 x y ) 2 2 x y 3 z + ( 3z ) =
= 2 ( x ) ( y ) 4 3 x y z + 3 ( z )
2

3 2

3 2

= 4 x 2 2 y 3 2 12 x 2 y 3 z 2 + 9 z 2 2 =
= 4 x 4 y 6 12 x 2 y 3 z 2 + 9 z 4

M I M Sraga 2003/05

11

= A2 2 A B + B 2

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M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 A B + B 2

58)

( 2ab + 3c )

( A B)

= ( 2ab ) + 2 2 a b 3 c + ( 3c ) =

= 22 a 2b 2 + 12abc + 32 c 2 =
= 4a 2b2 + 12abc + 9c 2
59)

( a b + c ) = ( a b ) + 2 a b c + ( c )
= ( a ) b + 2a bc + c =
2

3 2

2 2

3 2

= a 4b 2 + 2a 2bc 3 + c 2
60)

( 2ab

3c 4

) = ( 2ab ) 2 2 a b 3 c + ( 3c ) =
= 2 a ( b ) 12ab c + 3 ( c ) =
2

2 2

2 2

2 4

4 2

4 2

= 4a 2b 2 2 12ab 2c 4 + 9c 4 2 =
= 4a 2b 4 12ab 2c 4 + 9c8
61)

(a b

2 3

c 2d 4

) = ( a b ) 2 a b c d + (c d ) =
= ( a ) ( b ) 2a b c d + ( c ) ( d )
2

2 3 2
2 2

3 2

2 3 2

4 2

2 2

= a 2 2 b 3 2 2 a 2 b 3c 2 d 4 + c 2 2 d 4 2 =
= a 4 b 6 2 a 2b 3 c 2 d 4 + c 4 d 8
62)

(a b

2 3

c2

) = ( a b ) 2 a b c + ( c )
= ( a ) ( b ) 2a b c + c
2

2 3 2

2 2

3 2

2 2
2 2

2 3 3

= a 2 2b3 2 2a 2b3c 3 + c 4 =
= a 4b6 2a 2b3c3 + c 4
63)

( a b 3c ) = ( a b ) 2 a b 3 c + ( 3c )
= ( a ) b 6a bc + 3 ( c )
3

4 2

3 2

4 2

4 2

= a 3 2b 2 6a 3bc 4 + 9c 4 2 =
= a 6b 2 6a 3bc 4 + 9c8
64)

(a b

2 3

+ 4c 5

) = ( a b ) + 2 a b 4 c + ( 4c )
= ( a ) ( b ) + 8a b c + 4 ( c )
2

2 3 2
2 2

3 2

2 3 5

= a 2 2b3 2 + 8a 2b3c 5 + 16c 5 2 =

= a 4b6 + 8a 2b3c 5 + 16c10

M I M Sraga 2003/05

12

5 2

5 2

4 2

= A2 2 A B + B 2

Rjeenja i kompletni postupak

M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 A B + B 2

65)

( 2a b

4 3

3a 2b 7

( A B)

= A2 2 A B + B 2

) = ( 2a b ) 2 2 a b 3 a b + ( 3a b ) =
= 2 ( a ) ( b ) 12 a a b b + 3 ( a ) ( b )
2

4 3 2

4 2

3 2

2 7

2 2

= 4a 4 2b3 2 12 a 4+2 b3+7 + 9a 2 2b7 2 =

= 4a8b 6 12a 6b10 + 9a 4b9
66)

( 4a b 5a b ) = ( 4a b ) 2 4 a b 5 a b + ( 5a b ) =
= 4 ( a ) b 2 4 5 a a b b + 5 ( a ) (b )
3

2 3 2

3 2

2 3 2

2 2

3 2

= 16a 3 2b 2 40a 3+2 b1+3 + 25a 2 2b3 2 =

= 16a 6b 2 40a 5b 4 + 25a 4b 6
67)

( 9a b

4 3

2 a 2b 4

) = ( 9a b ) 2 9 a b 2 a b + ( 2 a b ) =
= 9 ( a ) (b ) 2 9 2 a a b b + 2 ( a ) (b )
2

4 3

2 4

= 81a 4 2b3 2 36 a 4+2 b3+4 + 4a 2 2b 4 2 =

= 81a8b 6 36a 6b 7 + 4a 4b8
2

2
1
2
1

68) a 2b a 4b3 = a 2b 2 a 2 b a 4 b3 + a 4b3 =

2
3
2
2
3
3

2
2
1
1 2
2
= 2 a 2 2 b 2 2 a 2 a 4 b1 b3 + 2 a 4 2 b3
2
2 3
3
1
2
4
= a 2 2b 2 a 2+4 b1+3 + a 4 2b3 2 =
4
3
9
1
2
4
= a 4b 2 a 6b 4 + a 6b5
4
3
9

( )

69)

(5x 6 y )

= (5x 6 y )
=

70)

( x + 4y)

M I M Sraga 2003/05

((5x 6 y ) )

2 1

(5x )

2 5 x 6 y + ( 6 y )

= ( x + 4y)
=

2 ( 1)

( ) ( )

2 ( 1)

(( x + 4 y )

1
x + 2 x 4 y + (4 y )
2

2 1

(5x 6 y )

1
1
=
2 2
2
5 x 30 xy + 6 y
25 x 30 xy + 36 y 2
2

( x + 4y)

1
1
= 2
2 2
x + 8 xy + 4 y
x + 8 xy + 16 y 2
2

13

Rjeenja i kompletni postupak

M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34.

71)

( a b )

U formulama pie:

Pokaimo zato je to tako:

( a b )

Objanjenje:

= (a + b)

( a b )

= ( 1 ( a + b ) ) = ( 1) ( a + b ) = 1 ( a + b ) = ( a + b )
2

= ( 1 ( a + b ) ) =

Izluili smo zajedniki faktor

= ( 1) ( a + b ) =

pa smo primjenili pravilo:

= 1 ( a + b ) =

( 1)

= (a + b)

( 1) ,

( a b )

= a n bn

=1

Sada taj postupak primjenimo u: 71. , 72. , 73. , 74. ,

( x 3)

72)

(x 2 y)

= ( 1 ( x + 3) ) = ( 1) ( x + 3) = 1 x 2 + 2 x 3 + 32 = x 2 + 6 x + 9

71)

= ( 1 ( x + 2 y ) ) =

Izluimo zajedniki faktor

= ( 1) ( x + 2 y ) =

pa primje nimo pravilo:

= 1 x 2 + 2 x 2 y + ( 2 y )

)=

( 1) ,

( a b )

= a n bn

= 1 x 2 + 4 xy + 2 2 y 2 =
= x 2 + 4 xy + 4 y 2

73)

( 2a 3b )

= ( 1 ( 2a + 3b ) ) =
2

74)

= 1 ( 2a ) + 2 2 a 3 b + ( 3b )
2

)=

= 1 x 2 + 2 x 4 y + 4 y 2

( )

= 1 2 2 a 2 + 12ab + 32 b 2 =

= x 2 + 8 xy + 4 2 y 2

= 4a + 12ab + 9b

= x 2 + 8 xy + 16 y 4

76)

( a + 7b )

= ( 7b a ) =
2

= ( 7b ) 2 7 b a + a 2 =
2

= ( 1) x + 4 y 2 =
2

2
1
1
= 1 x + 2 x 4 y 2 + 4 y 2
2
2

2
12
= 2 x 2 + 4 xy 2 + 4 2 y 2 =
2
1 2
= x + 4 xy 2 + 16 y 4
4
2

) )=

75) x 4 y 2 = 1 x + 4 y 2 =
2

= 7 2 b 2 14ba + a 2

( )

M I M Sraga 2003/05

= ( 1 ( x + 4 y ) ) =

= ( 1) ( x + 4 y ) =

= ( 1) ( 2a + 3b ) =
2

(x 4 y)

14

= 49b 2 14ba + a 2
ili
= a 2 14ab + 49b 2

Rjeenja i kompletni postupak

M-1-Kvadrat binoma

prvom i drugom lanu zamjenimo mjesta

34. 77) ( 3x + y )2 = ( y 3x )2 =

tako da drugi bude sa predznakom ( ) ...i dalje je lako...

( )

= y 2 2 y 3 x + 3x 2 =
= y 2 6 yx + 32 x 2 =
= y 2 6 yx + 9 x 2

= 9 x 2 6 xy + y 2

ili

obad va rj. su ispravna i ista...

Taj zadatak moemo rjeiti i na jo dva naina:

II nain:

77)

( 3x + y )

III nain:

= ( 1 ( 3 x y ) ) =
2

( 3x + y )

= ( 1) ( 3x y ) =
2

= ( 3x ) + 2 ( 3x ) y + y 2 =
2

= ( 3) x 2 2 3 x y + y 2 =
2

= 1 ( 3x ) 2 3 x y + y 2 =
2

= 9 x 2 6 xy + y 2

= 32 x 2 6 xy + y 2 =
Uvijek dobijemo isto rjeenje...pa birajte...

= 9 x 2 6 xy + y 2
78)

( 5a b

2 3

na koji nain e te rjeavat ovakve zadatke

) = ( 2c 5 a b ) =
= ( 2c ) 2 2 c 5 a b + ( 5a b )
= 2 ( c ) 20a b c + 5 ( a ) ( b )

+ 2c 4

2 3 2

4 2

4 2

2 3 4

2 3 2

2 2

3 2

=
=

= 4c 4 2 20a 2b3c 4 + 25a 2 2b3 2 =

= 4c8 20a 2b3c 4 + 25a 4b6
79)

( 2x y
2

= 25a 4b 6 20a 2b3c 4 + 4c8

ili

) = ( 3z 2 x y ) =
= ( 3z ) 2 3 z 2 x y + ( 2 x y )
= 3 ( z ) 12 z x y + 2 ( x ) ( y )

+ 3z 4

4 2

3 2

4 2

4 2

2 2

3 2

3 2

= 9 z 4 2 12 x 2 y 3 z 4 + 4 x 2 2 y 3 2 =
= 9 z 8 12 x 2 y 3 z 4 + 4 x 4 y 6
80)

( 2

+ 2n

) = (2 2 ) =
= ( 2 ) 2 2 2 + ( 2 )
2

ili

= 4 x 4 y 6 12 x 2 y 3 z 4 + 9 z 8

= 2n 2 21 2n 2m + 2m 2 =
= 22 n 21+n+m + 22 m =

Rjeenje moemo ostaviti u ovom obliku...

= 22 n 21+n+m + 22 m =

( )

= 22

= 4n 2n+m+1 + 4m

M I M Sraga 2003/05

( )

2n+m+1 + 22

=
ili u ovom obliku, ovisi o tome kako ra dite u koli...

15

Rjeenja i kompletni postupak

M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 A B + B2

81)

(2

+ 3n ) 2 = ( 2m ) 2+ 2 2m 3n + ( 3n ) 2 =

(2

(3

= A2 2 A B + B 2

5m ) 2 = ( 3m ) 2 2 3m 5m + ( 5m ) 2 =

= 2m 2 + 21 2m 3n + 3n 2 =

= 3m 2 2 ( 3 5) + 5m 2 =

= 22 m + 21+m 3n + 32 n =

= 32 m 2 15m + 52 m =

= ( 22 ) + 2m+1 3n + ( 32 ) =

= ( 32 ) 2 15m + ( 52 ) =

= 4n + 2m+1 3n + 9n

= 9m 2 15m + 25m

83)

82)

( A B)

+ 2 n ) 2 = ( 2m ) 2 + 2 2 m 2 n + ( 2 n ) 2 =

84)

=2

1+ m+ n

+2

+2

2 n

+ 2m1 ) 2 = ( 2m ) 2+ 2 2m 2m1 + ( 2m1 ) 2 =

= 2m 2 + 21 2m 2m1 + 2(

= 2m 2 + 21 2m 2n + 2n 2 =
2 m

(2

=2

2 m

1+ m+ m1

+2

+2

= (2

= 4m + 2m+n+1 + 4n

= 4m + ( 22 ) + 4m1 =

2 m

+ 22 m + ( 2
m

= 2 4m + 4m1

(3

3n ) 2 = ( 3m ) 2 2 3m 3n + ( 3n ) 2 =
= 3m 2 2 3m+n + 3n 2 =
= 32 m 2 3m+n + 32 n =
= ( 32 ) 2 3m+n + ( 32 ) =
m

= 9m 2 3m+n + 9n
86)

(2

m+1

+ 2m1 ) 2 = ( 2m+1 ) 2+ 2 2m+1 2m1 + ( 2m1 ) 2 =

= 2(
=2

m+1) 2

2 ( m+1)

= ( 22 )

+ 21 2m+1 2m1 + 2(
+ 21+m+1+m1 + 2

m+1

+ 22 m+1 + ( 22 )

m1) 2

2 ( m1)

m1

= 4m+1 + 22 m+1 + 4m1

87)

(2

+ 21n ) 2 = ( 2n ) 2 2 2n 21n + ( 21n ) 2 =

= 2n 2 21 2n 21n + 2(

1n ) 2

= 22 n 21+n+1n + 2

2 (1n )

= ( 22 ) 22 + ( 22 )
n

1n

= 4n 4 + 41n

M I M Sraga 2003/05

16

2 m 1

= 4m + 4m + 4m1 =

85)

2 ( m1)

= ( 22 ) + 2m+n+1 + ( 22 ) =
m

m1) 2

Rjeenja i kompletni postupak

M-1-Kvadrat binoma

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 A B + B 2

88)

(2

n +1

2n2

) = ( 2 ) 22
n +1 2

= 2(
=2

n+1) 2

( )

21+n+1+n2 + 2

( )

n+1

22 n + 22

( )

= 4n+1 22

2n2 + 2n2

21 2 n+1 2 n2 + 2(

2 ( n+1)

= 22

n +1

n2 ) 2

2 ( n2 )

n2

=
=

+ 4 n 2 =

= 4n+1 4n + 4n2
89)

(a

+ a n+1

) = ( a ) + 2 a
2

a n+1 + a n+1

= a n 2 + 2 a n+n+1 + a (

n+1) 2

= a 2 n + 2a 2 n+1 + a 2 n+1
90)

(a

n 1

a n+1

) = ( a ) 2 a
n 1 2

= a(
=a
91)

( 2a

3b x

n 1) 2

2 n 2

n 1

2 a n1+ n+1 + a (

2a + a
2n

n +1) 2

a n+1 + a n+1

2 n+2

) = ( 2a ) 2 2 a 3b + ( 3b ) =
= 2 ( a ) 12 a b + 3 ( b ) =
2

= 4a x 2 12a xb x + 9b x 2 =
= 4a 2 x 12a xb x 9b 2 x
92)

( 2a

+ 3b y

) = ( 2a ) + 2 2a
= 2 ( a ) + 12a b
2

x
y

( )
+ 3 (b ) =

3b y + 3b y
2

= 4a x 2 + 12a xb y + 9b y 2 =
= 4a 2 x + 12a xb y + 9b 2 y

M I M Sraga 2003/05

17

( A B)

= A2 2 A B + B 2