I.

Cu hi n tp v nng cao:
1. ng v l cc dng ca cng nguyn t ha hc c cng
s proton trong ht nhn nguyn t nhng c s khi khc nhau v c
cha s neutron khc nhau.
Nguyn t lng ca nguyn t ha hc l trng lng trung bnh ca
cc ng v c trong t nhin. M khi lng proton l 1.6726
1027 kg, khi lng neutron l 1,67492716(13) 1027 kg, u
khng phi s nguyn nn nguyn t lng ca nguyn t ha hc
thng khng phi l s nguyn.
Vd : nguyn t lng ca Fe l 55.85g/mol ; nguyn t lng ca
ng l 63,54 g/mol.
2. S khc nhau gia khi lng nguyn t v nguyn t lng:
Khi lng nguyn t : mi ng v ca mt nguyn t u c khi
lng nguyn t
Nguyn t lng : l trung bnh khi lng nguyn t ca cc ng
v ca nguyn t , mi nguyn t ch c mt nguyn t lng.

Cu 11. Cc nguyn t thuc dy t him ( lantanides) trn bng tun hon

nguyn t ang c in y vo phn lp 4f
Cu hnh electron chung ca cc lantanides :
1s22s22p63s23p6 3d104s24p64d104f n 5s25 p65d m6 s2
Trong : n thay i t 0 n 14.
m ch nhn cc gi tr l 0 hoc 1
Qua cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t ny ta nhn thy chng ch khc nhau v
s electron phn lp 4f.
*** Cc nguyn t thuc h Actinide (5f 1-14 7s2 ) trn bng tun hon nguyn t
ang c in y vo phn lp 5f.
Cu 12. Vi hai ion K+ v O2

, nng lng ht EA = -A/r

Tm ca chng cch nhau r = 1,5 nm

1

49
A= ( 4 3,14 . 8,85.10-12)(1.1,602.10-19 )( 2.1,602.10-19) = 3,566. 10

EA = -A/r = - 3,566.10

-49

40
/ 1,5.10-9 = 2,377. 10
eV

Cu 13.
a.

D EN
r =
A
r2

=> E0 =

(1)n . B
r 2n

A
r2

(1)n . B
r 2n

n
b. 2 ion cn bng th FA= FR hay A/r = B/ r

vy khong cch cn bng gia 2 ion l r0 =

n1

B
A

(Vi A,B,n l cc hng s khng m)

c. thay r0 vo E0 ta c :
n

E0 =

n 1

B
A

2n

+ ( n1 B )
A

(1)n . B

(1) . B

n 1

B
A

2 ( n 1 ) +2

+ ( n1 B )
A

==

n 1

B
A

(1)n . B

B
B
( n1 )
A
A

Cu 14.
EA = -1,436/ r
6
9
ER = 5,86. 10
/ r

th :
Qua th ta xc nh c r0 = 0,21nm (tng ng vi im I trn th)
E0 = - 4,4823 eV

S dng cu 13, ta c :
r0 =

n1

B
A

= 0,212 nm

E0 =

n 1

(1) . B

B
A

2n

+ ( n1 B )
A

= -4, eV

Cu 15.
r0 = 0,35nm
E0 = - 6,13 eV
n = 10

r 0= B/ A
5
A=5,917.109
A
B
6,13= +
B=4,663. 10
r 0 ( 7,88.105 . r 0)2

5
Vy : EA = - 5,917. 10
/r

ER =

4,663. 10

10
/ r