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CSEC Study Guide - February 22, 2011
CSEC Study Guide - February 22, 2011
CSEC Study Guide - February 22, 2011
CSEC questions
CLEMENT RADCLIFFE
Contributor
WILL, IN this weeks lesson, present the solutions to questions taken from the Caribbean Secondary
Education Certificate mathematics papers one and two. They are presented for your guidance and you are
encouraged to keep these solutions for your final review just prior to the external examinations.
You now need to do additional work from your textbooks and past papers. This practice will ensure that
you are adequately prepared for the external examination.
Clement Radcliffe is an independent contributor. Send questions and comments to kerry-ann.hepburn@gleanerjm.com
12
yl:social studies
MAUREEN CAMPBELL
Contributor
Population
statistics
ACTIVITY
SOURCES OF POPULATION
STATISTICS
SHOULD I PARTICIPATE IN A
CENSUS?
Shadelle Hill (left) accepts a $100,000 netball scholarship from Charmaine Lawson, executive assistant at
Supreme Ventures Limited.
social organisations, and countless
other agencies and individuals.
The government uses data from
decennial censuses to decide where to
allocate funds for community
programmes and services, such as
education programmes; housing;
community development; health-care
services; job training and provision;
public transportation; youth services;
hospitals and security services, to keep
citizens safe and happy. Also, to build
needed infrastructure and many more
13
yl:information technology
(part 3)
developments (without first being reprogrammed). An expert
system is, therefore, no substitute for human intelligence.
HARDWARE
m Sensors
m Process controls
SOFTWARE
m Simulation software
m Software for the expert systems
Trends in technology
NATALEE A. JOHNSON
14
Contributor
EXPERT SYSTEMS
Consider what happens when you go to the doctor. The
doctor asks you a few questions and runs a few tests then uses
the information obtained from these to make a diagnosis.
Doctors can do this because their minds act as a sort of
database that has information about which symptoms
correspond to which illnesses.
DEFINITION:
Expert system is software that imitates experts such as
doctors by comparing responses to certain questions to those
in a database in order to make a diagnosis or recommendation.
An expert system is useful in providing support for making
decisions and can also 'suggest' alternatives or other issues to
be considered.
It consists of two parts: the knowledge base and the
inference engine. The knowledge base contains a large volume
of information in a particular field - for example, the different
types of diseases, symptoms and possible treatments. The
inference engine of an expert system analyses the input data
using 'reasoning' methods and the knowledge base to arrive at
a conclusion. It also provides the user with an explanation of
how it arrived at its conclusion by showing the concepts that
are used.
ADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGES
ROBOTS
Robots are
computercontrolled
machines that
include functions
such as
locomotion,
mobility, grasping
and recognition. A
robot's central
processor might
be a microprocessor
embedded in its
shell, or it might
be a supervisory computer that controls the robot from a
distance. In any case, the processor is functionally identical to
the processor found in a personal computer, a workstation or a
mainframe computer.
ADVANTAGES
(b) State two advantages of using robot (or robotic arm) over
using a manual method in the application described in part
(a) above.
m Manufacturing industries
m Automotive industries
m Assembly lines for welding, paint spraying, assembling
and loading.
m Electrical and electronic industries - they are used for
assembling and installing various parts in the manufacturing
of video cameras, personal computers and many other
devices.
yl:english language
(part 4)
I trust that you are now clear on what is expected of you in section
four of paper two. Continue to practise those argumentative skills.
Engage your classmates in a discussion on the exam questions given
as examples.
QUESTION INSTRUCTIONS
You will need to thoroughly discuss your position on a specific
topic/issue. CXC may ask you to do one of a number of things:
To dispense with the drudgery of work, the sameness and staleness of metropolitan living, here is the best escape.
You can enjoy the rollng plains and terraces of Jamaica - a pictue of rural tranquility and contentment. You can travel to historic
settings, view the verdant lush scenery, experience the cultral riches and modern fashionable style of life in this isle of paradise.
Absorb the serenity of the scene, the balmy zephyrs, the refreshing rustic air and the variety and glitter of night life, peerless among
holiday resorts.
Make the experience unforgetable, the time of your life, exciting and colourful as well as peaceful and serence.
Please note that in the example above, you are required to choose
one side. You must decide on the side for which you can present the
stronger arguments.
4. Write an argument in which you present your views. With this
kind of question, you are permitted to present both sides of the
issue.
Example 1:
Write a letter to the editor of your local newspaper expressing your
views on the following point of view. Dreamers are no help to a
country - what we need are practical people who can do things or
get things done.
Example 2:
School is not the place for bullies. They should be put into special
institutions. Write an essay giving your views on this statement.
(Jan. 2011)
Now that you are armed with the necessary tools to build your
arguments, attempt at least one of the following essays for homework:
1. Teenagers have too much freedom in todays complex world.
Write an argument for or against this view.
2. School is not the place for bullies. They should be put into
special institutions. Give your views on this statement.
3. If you have served at least one term as prime minister, you
should not be given another opportunity to do so for at least 10
years. Write an argument either supporting or opposing this view.
4. Secondary school students should be tested for HIV with or
without their parents consent. Write an essay either supporting or
opposing this view.
Chef Dwight Cross (left) observes as this Oracabessa High School student impresses his schoolmates with his fruitcarving skills.
YOUTHLINK MAGAZINE | FEBRUARY 22-28, 2011
15
yl:office administration
Digicels sponsorship manager, Paula Pinnock-McLeod, presents Denbigh High Schools Jovan Benjamin (third left) with the ISSA/Digicel all-island netball championship trophy
during the awards ceremony at the Terra Nova All Suite Hotel recently, while other members of the team share in the occasion.
Stock control
HYACINTH TUGMAN
Contributor
STOCKTAKING
This is done regularly so as to ensure
that the balances on the stock cards are
accurate. The firms auditors may make
spot checks to ensure that products are
not unaccountably disappearing. Regular
checks detect slow-moving items and
poor buying practices.
An annual stocktaking is done at the
end of the financial year, which involves
the assessment of the value of the goods
on hand. A physical count of each item
is done and its value calculated. At the
end of the financial year, the totals are
then added to give the closing stock
COMPUTERISED STOCK
CONTROL
The computer, with a special software,
can also assist with stock control. The
computer can record all the items
available for sale and then deduct each
item that is sold from the total stock.
Some retailers use what is called bar
coding for printing receipts. This makes
it easier for the establishment to keep a
tab on their stocks, as the computer will
show when its time for reordering. Here
is an example. When you go to a large
bookshop to purchase a textbook, the
item is passed over a scanner (the
section with the bar code facing the
scanner). The computer reads the
description and price of the item and
automatically deducts the total from the
stock figure.
STOCK LEVELS
m MINIMUM LEVEL
The minimum stock level is the point
at which there is just enough stock to
take care of the normal demand until the
new stock is delivered. The storeroom
yl:geography
Exam
questions
(b)(i) With the aid of diagram, describe the main features of the trellis drainage pattern.
(4 marks)
(4 marks)
(6 marks)
(3 marks)
(3 marks)
(Include examples in your answer.) Total 24 marks
Observe, first of all, that the question is divided into sections and sub-sections. Write your responses
using the same format. It is not continuous writing as in the case of an essay in English A.
MARJORIE HENRY
Contributor
N THE last two lessons, I shared with you some information on how to decode a question. Those of you
who are probably now doing internal examinations, I encouraged you to put this into practice in these
examinations. I hope you did, are doing or will do just that. Understanding the question is the key to
writing a good answer.
This week, I will begin to discuss the remainder of the question paper that was given in the last
examination in May 2010. You may recall that I have already discussed Section A which comprises question
one, the only compulsory question. Section B is on natural systems. Here, you are given a total of three
questions numbered two, three and four. You are to select only one from this section. Here is question two.
By now, you should have your own copy of the geography syllabus. Try and identify the specific
objectives that are being tested in this question. These are as follows:
4. Explain the formation and distribution of volcanoes, earthquakes and fold mountains.
11. Describe river and wave processes.
13. Describe trellis, radial and dendritic drainage patterns.
For part (a) of the question, you have been given two maps from which you must deduct your answers to
the four short questions given below the map. You may recall that I had indicated in an earlier lesson that
practical skills; that is, profile one, are tested in each question. This is one of the ways. In subsequent
questions you will be exposed to other methods including, tables, graphs, sketches and diagrams. These are
all referred to as stimulus materials, and in each case, you are instructed to study or look at what is given to
find all the information you need to answer the question.
To practise what was shared on decoding a question, pause for a while and identify the key verbs in the
entire question. These are:
Part (a)
Part (b)
describe
Part (c)
17
yl:biology
MONACIA WILLIAMS
Contributor
QUESTION
(a)(i) Identify, with the aid of diagrams, the main stages in the life
history of a named insect vector of disease.
(ii) Explain how each stage in the life history of the insect you
identified at (a)(i) might be controlled to keep the vector population
in check.
(b)(i) Some sexually transmitted infections are caused by viruses
and have been found to be without cures. Explain why viral
infections are usually very difficult, if not impossible, to cure.
(part 4)
Health
and
disease
EGG
(ii) Apart from the nature of the AIDS virus, what other factors make
the control of this disease very difficult.
Let us look at (a)(i). What do you need to do to answer this question
or any other question? You need first to read the question carefully.
This is one thing that students do not normally do! Read the question
carefully and make sure you understand what it is asking before you
attempt to answer it.
This question is asking you to identify the main stages of the life
history of an insect vector. It means, therefore, that you would need to
first identify an insect vector. The insect vector that we studied was the
mosquito but you could have also studied the housefly and either of
them could be used.
Notice, also, that the question states with the aid of diagrams.
This means that any answer produced without the appropriate
diagrams will not get full marks. You need to remind yourself that
being asked to identify the stages of the life history means that you are
expected to name and draw the different stages that the insect goes
through as it develops from an egg to an adult. Remind yourself of
what these are now: the egg; the larva; the pupa and the imago or
adult.
Notice the drawing of the adult insect. The body is divided into three
parts: head, thorax and abdomen, and it has wings. It may not be
perfect, but it can clearly be identified as an insect. One of the
important things to remember is that both the larva and the pupa are
air breathers and that the drawings should indicate this.
18
The mosquitos eggs are laid in stagnant water. Did you remember
this fact? This means, then, that anything that is going to be done
must involve the elimination of stagnant water. Possible answers:
m Getting rid of objects that might collect water when it rains,
including old tyres; flower pots with saucers; old cans and any other
abandoned object that can hold water, or putting holes in these so
that water will drain from them.
m Changing water in vases regularly.
m Draining containers that might collect water regularly.
m Putting fish in tanks.
LARVA
The larvae of the mosquito hatch out and live in water. This means
that the control methods used to prevent the laying of the eggs can
also be used to prevent the hatching out of the larvae. Additionally, the
larvae are air breathers so covering the water surfaces with oil will
prevent the larvae from getting oxygen so they will die. It will also
reduce the surface tension of the water so the larvae and the pupae
cannot remain suspended.
PUPA
IMAGO/ADULT
The adult is terrestrial, therefore, different means have to be utilised.
Possible answers:
I hope the above shows you that surface knowledge of topics will
not get you the grade one you so passionately desire. Have fun this
week and see you again next week.
Monacia Williams teaches at Glenmuir High School. Send questions and comments
to kerry-ann.hepburn@gleanerjm.com
Stacey Manick-Sing (left), customer service and administration manager, Jamaica Automobile Association (JAA), is
pleased to see Moby, the road safety mascot, give Hope McNish her prize for being the first customer to be serviced
at the recent JAA auto clinic, held at the associations Central Avenue office.
YOUTHLINK MAGAZINE | FEBRUARY 22-28, 2011
yl:principles of business
COMMON INTERESTS
The objectives of each member of the group
business.
SKILLS OR TALENTS
The manager may find it useful to have all the
persons in a group with the same ability or aptitude.
reduced.
SEX
Here, the team may consist of all females or all
ADVANTAGES OF TEAMWORK
males.
COMMON GOALS
These goals should be in line with the goals of
group.
the organisation.
increase.
workers.
FORMAL
DISADVANTAGES OF TEAMWORK
complete tasks.
process.
INFORMAL
team.
AGE
This is where all persons of the same age group
would be put together.
Dr Alfred Sangster presents the Female Student Athlete of the Year Award to Christine
Day during the University of Technology, Jamaicas annual Sports Award Ceremony, held Yvonne Harvey teaches at Glenmuir High School. Send
questions and comments to
at the Alfred Sangster Auditorium, Old Hope Road, on Thursday, February 10.
kerry-ann.hepburn@gleanerjm.com
19
yl:history
Immigration
test
DEBBION HYMAN
Contributor
b) i, ii, iii
d) i, iii
agriculture
iii) The Indians were easily recruited
iv) The Indians were willing to re-indenture
a) i, ii
c)i, ii, iii, iv
b) iii, iv
d) i, ii, iv
Territory B
134, 000
Territory C
239, 000
b) iii, iv
d) i, ii, iii, iv
From left: Sixteen-year-old Dwight Phoenix with his classmates Regina Bell, Shanquie
Robinson, Oshane Roberts and Samantha Thompson. The group assisted him in
garnering funds to pay for the nine subjects he sat in the 2010 Caribbean Secondary
Education Certificate Examinations. He obtained seven distinctions and two credits.
(part 2)
yl:english literature
Fences
BERYL CLARKE
Contributor
yl:chemistry
Contributor
MAIN POINTS
METHOD
Elements
Mass of each element
Relative atomic mass
Number of moles
Ratio of moles
PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
1. Calculate the Mr for the compound, for example ammonium
phosphate (NH4)3PO4
Mr = (14 + (4*1))*3 + 31 + (4*16) = 149 1 mole = 149g
2. Calculate the mass of each element in one mole
N = 3*14 = 42g H = 3*4*1 = 12g P = 31g O = 4* 16 = 64g
Calcium (Ca)
3.40g
40
3.40/40
= 0.085
0.085/0.085
=1
Chlorine (Cl)
9.435-3.40 = 6.035g
35.5
6.035/35.5
= 0.17
0.17/0.085
=2
NOTE:
Number of moles = Mass (g)
Molar mass (g/mol)
Calculate the empirical formula of the compounds with the
following percentage composition.
(i) 34.5% Fe, 65.5% Cl
METHOD
Elements
Percentage by mass
Iron (Fe)
34.5%
Chlorine (Cl)
65.5%
65.5g
56
35.5
34.5/56
= 0.616
65.5/35.5
= 1.85
Ratio of moles
0.616/0.616 1.85/0.616
=1
=3
Prefects (from left) Shamarla Blagrove, Joddena Kerr, Alexander Shaw, Chevannese Stewart and Julian Patterson run
things at their school.
YOUTHLINK MAGAZINE | FEBRUARY 22-28, 2011
21
yl:principles of accounts
Interpretation of
final accounts
ROXANNE WRIGHT
Contributor
elow is the solution to last weeks homework alert. Compare your answer with mine and make the
adjustments where necessary. Follow the principles applied and try to remember them.
REASONING:
[>1]
Gross profit is 40% of sales turnover, therefore, use sales turnover as the base, that is, 100%, cost of
goods sold would be 60% on sales turnover.
SOLUTION:
Formula
a. Years sales turnover = Sales - sales returns
b. Gross profit = 40% x Sales Turnover
c. Cost of goods sold = 60% x Sales turnover
OR
Cost of goods sold = sales - gross profit
d. Net profit = 25% x sales turnover
e. The expenses of running the business is charged to the profit and loss account, that is, gross profit net profit
WORKED EXAMPLE
Brown Brown Ltd issued 80,000 ordinary shares at $3 each; 40,000 8% preference shares at $10 each;
and $300,000 12% debentures. These were all subscribed and fully paid up on March 15, 2009.
a. Prepare an opening classified balance sheet for the Brown Brown Ltd as at March 15, 2009. Show the
workings for cash or bank amount.
fences
5 000
53 500
58 500
6 000
CONTINUED FROM 20
$
70 000
52 500
17 500
7 100
10 400
S. Charles Ltd
Balance Sheet as at April 30, 2010
$
1 050
$
Fixed assets
Current Assets:
Inventory
Debtors
Bank
Current Liabilities
Creditors
Capital
Add net profit
Less Drawings
22
6 000
6 900
2 000
14 900
550
14 350
15 400
10 000
10 400
20 400
5 000
15 400
The question he had asked Mr Rand, a white supervisor, is: Why? Why you got the white men driving
and the colored lifting? Whats the matter, dont I count? You think only white fellows got sense to drive a
truck. That aint no paper job! Hell, anybody can drive a truck. How come you have all whites driving and the
coloured lifting?
We can now see a direct link between the stage direction that was drawn to your attention earlier, and his
action in raising a potentially dangerous issue. It is obvious that he feels confident that he has not done
anything wrong and that he is entitled to raise his concern. Here, too, we have evidence of their comradeship
as Bono stands up for his friend.
It is Bono who changes the topic to one that reveals their interest in a woman named Alberta. Both of them
seem to be interested in having a relationship with her, as does Brownie. We have not yet met their wives, do
not even know if they have partners, and would not, therefore, find their interest remarkable. Do take note of
the fact that their speech, as they discuss this woman, changes, and becomes somewhat earthy.
Can you think of a reason why this person is mentioned in the play at this point? Hold on to your ideas
regarding this question for now. As you are aware, we will have to continue examining this scene. Walk tall
and God bless!
Beryl Clarke is an independent contributor. Send questions and comments to kerry-ann.hepburn@gleanerjm.com