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The Astrology of Space PDF
The Astrology of Space PDF
The Astrology
Of
Space
By
Michael Erlewine
An ebook from
Startypes.com
315 Marion Avenue
Big Rapids, Michigan 49307
Fist published 2006
2006 Michael Erlewine/StarTypes.com
ISBN 978-0-9794970-8-7
All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher.
Graphics designed by Michael Erlewine
Some graphic elements 2007JupiterImages Corp.
Some Photos Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech
Chapter 1: Introduction............................................. 14
Astrophysics for Astrologers .................................. 16
Astrophysics for Astrologers .................................. 21
Interpreting Deep Space Points ............................. 24
Part II: The Radio Sky ............................................ 33
The Earth's Aura .................................................... 37
The Kinds of Celestial Light ................................... 38
The Types of Light ................................................. 40
Radio Frequencies ................................................. 42
Higher Frequencies................................................ 43
Part III: Astrophysical Directions ............................ 48
The Sacred Zodiac................................................. 54
Chapter 2: The Solar System ................................... 56
Solar System ......................................................... 56
The Planets of Our Solar System........................... 58
The Sun ................................................................. 59
The Sun Data ......................................................... 60
The Moon ............................................................... 61
Mother Moon .......................................................... 62
Mercury .................................................................. 64
Venus..................................................................... 65
Earth ...................................................................... 66
Mars ....................................................................... 67
Jupiter .................................................................... 68
Saturn .................................................................... 69
Uranus ................................................................... 70
Neptune ................................................................. 71
Pluto....................................................................... 72
Invariable Plane of the Solar System ..................... 73
Invariable Plane ..................................................... 74
The Asteroids ......................................................... 75
The Trojan Asteroids.............................................. 77
Ceres ..................................................................... 79
Pallas ..................................................................... 80
5
13
Chapter 1: Introduction
The sky above us has not changed much in millions
of years, but how we see that sky and how much of it
we see has changed forever in our lifetimes. A
revolution in astronomy has taken place, as
astronomers and physicists ventured beyond the
visual spectrum and began to see the actual shape
and form of the universe. The pinpoint stars that we
have been staring at for centuries are literally just the
tip of the iceberg, like the eyes in the human body.
The shape of the body of the universe itself has now
been partially revealed and it is beautiful indeed.
Astrologers have always followed astronomical
research (such as the discovery of Uranus, Neptune,
Pluto, etc.) with open ears and with a mind to interpret
what this or that astronomical discovery might mean
astrologically. We now have astrological
interpretations for the outer planets, the asteroids,
14
15
16
23
24
27
29
30
32
34
36
37
39
41
Radio Frequencies
The universe at radio frequencies, with textures and
forms never seen with the eye, is literally a map of our
subconscious and the psychic realm. We can expect
to find radio astrologers measuring and discovering
individuals who personify or represent some of the
great radio sources. In other words, by noting and
monitoring the astrological positions of great radio
and infrared sources, we should be able to better
pinpoint and track individuals who personify these
sources -- psychics and psychic healers. We can now
begin to chart the psychic potential in ourselves. And
keep in mind that the entire region around late
Sagittarius and early to middle Capricorn is filled with
radiant energy. This is the area surrounding the very
heart center of the galaxy, the galactic nucleus itself.
If that area of your chart is very active, this in itself is
a very strong indicator.
42
Higher Frequencies
As mentioned, on the other end of the visible
spectrum, the higher frequency X-rays and gamma
rays, we find a measurement of what we can only call
the super conscious, where we do not find so much
broad strokes and texture, as powerful point sources
clearly seeing right through the form and structure so
visible at radio frequencies. We can expect to see Xray astrologers whose chief interest is not form, but
light as never before measured. We should be able to
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
53
55
Solar System
The Earth is a planet or secondary circling the Sun or
primary at a mean distance of about 93 million miles.
The mean Earth-Sun distance is taken as one
astronomical unit (AU). The plane of the Earth's orbit
around the Sun in the course of one year is called the
plane of the ecliptic or zodiac. The ecliptic is the circle
on the Celestial Sphere (at an infinite distance) at the
intersection of the Celestial Sphere and the plane of
the Earth's orbit. The Earth's axis of rotation is not
perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, but is
inclined about 23.5 degrees to the perpendicular. The
North Pole of the Earth does not point in the direction
of the ecliptic North Pole.
There are at least nine planets, including the Earth,
revolving around the Sun. The closest to the Sun is
56
57
58
The Sun
The Sun is a variable star that is unlike any we know.
It revolves east to west (in the direction of the signs of
the Zodiac -- counterclockwise. The equator of the
Sun is another fundamental reference plane to which
we could refer all planetary motion. The inclination of
the solar equator to the ecliptic is 715' and the
longitude of the ascending node to the ecliptic of 1950
is 7504'. Some interesting data about our Sun:
Period of synodic rotation 26.75 + 5.72 sin in d.
Period of sidereal rotation ( = 17)= 25.38 days
Corresponding synodic period = 27.275 days
Sun's angular velocity ( = 17)= 2.865xl0-6 rad s-1
Sun's radius = 864934.6 miles
Sun's mass = 1.989(2)x 1033g
Mean distance from Earth= 92.9558xl06 miles
59
60
The Moon
Here is some basic data about the Moon:
Mean distance from Earth= 384401 km
Extreme range 356400406700 km Mean horizontal
paralax 3422.60
Eccentricity of orbit = 0.0549
Inclination of orbit to ecliptic = 508'43
Sidereal period (fixed stars)= 27.321661 ep. days
Synodical month (New Moon to New Moon) =
29.5305882 ep. days
Anomalistic month perigee to perigee) = 27.5545505
days
Tropical month (equinox to equinox) = 27.321582
days
61
Mother Moon
Nodical month (node to node) = 27.212220 days
Period of Moon's node (nutation, retrograde) = 18.61
tropical years
Period of rotation of Moon's perigee (direct) = 8.85
years
Moon's sidereal mean daily motion = 13.176358
Mean Transit interval = 24h 50.47m
Main periodic terms in the Moon's motion:
Principal elliptic term in longitude 22639" sin g
Principal elliptic term in latitude 18461" sin u
Evection = 4586"sin (2D-g)
Variation = 2370"sin 2D
Annual inequality = -669"sin g'
62
63
Mercury
SS-01 North Pole of Mercury Orbit
17Aq44'21 +8259'47
SS-02 South Pole of Mercury Orb
14Le03'33 -8221'12
SS-03 Asc North Node Mercury to ecliptic
17Ta44'19 + 000'00
SS-04 Descending South Node Mercury to ecliptic
17Sc40'06 + 014'28
SS-05 Ascending North Node Mercury to equator
09Ar59'14 - 418'05
SS-06 Descending South North Mercury to equator
09Li59'14 + 418'05
SS-07 Perihelion Mercury
16Ge40'40 + 324'07
SS-08 Aphelion Mercury
16Sa38'40 - 304'37
64
Venus
SS-09 North Pole of Venus
16Pi13'45 +8636'21
SS-10 South Pole of Venus
01Vi23'47 -8605'27
SS-11 Ascending North Node Venus to ecliptic
29Ta50'57 + 240'20
SS-12 Descending South Node Venus to ecliptic
16Sa04'45 + 127'34
SS-13 Ascending North Node Venus to equator
07Ar19'48 - 310'01
SS-14 Descending South Node Venus to equator
07Li19'48 + 310'01
SS-15 Perihelion Venus
10Le52'03 + 246'09
SS-16 Aphelion Venus
10Aq57'49 - 226'10
65
Earth
SS-17 Perihelion Earth
12Cn04'50 + 000'00
SS-18 Aphelion Earth
12Cp14'33 + 147'10
66
Mars
SS-19 North Pole of Mars
19Aq10'09 +8809'00
SS-20 South Pole of Mars
08Le09'31 -8740'53
SS-21 Ascending North Node Mars to ecliptic
19Ta10'19 - 000'00
SS-22 Descending South Node Mars to ecliptic
18Sc53'15 + 100'14
SS-23 Asc North Node Mars to equator
03Ar04'34 - 119'59
SS-24 Descending South Node Mars to equator
03Li04'34 + 119'59
SS-25 Perihelion Mars
05Pi20'53 - 115'01
SS-26 Aphelion Mars
05Vi08'19 + 146'43
67
Jupiter
SS-27 North Pole of Jupiter
09Ar56'37 +8841'39
SS-28 South Pole of Jupiter
17Le09'29 -8808'24
SS-29 Ascending North Node Jupiter to ecliptic
09Cn56'36 - 000'00
SS-30 Descending South Node Jupiter to ecliptic
09Cp57'15 + 008'45
SS-31 Ascending North Node Jupiter to equator
02Ar59'27 - 117'47
SS-32 Descending South Node Jupiter to equator
02Li59'27 + 117'47
SS-33 Perihelion Jupiter
13Ar31'01 - 118'12
SS-34 Aphelion Jupiter
13Li24'44 + 133'08
68
Saturn
SS-35 North Pole of Saturn
23Ar13'19 +8730'35
SS-36 South Pole of Saturn
03Li12'25 -8737'34
SS-37 Asc North Node Saturn to ecliptic
23Cn13'12 + 000'00
SS-38 Descending South Node Saturn to ecliptic
23Cp22'15 + 052'58
SS-39 Ascending North Node Saturn to equator
05Ar28'52 - 222'19
SS-40 Descending South Node Saturn to equator
05Li28'52 + 222'19
SS-41 Perihelion Saturn
02Cn04'07 - 053'57
SS-42 Aphelion Saturn
02Cp05'07 + 157'37
69
Uranus
SS-43 North Pole of Uranus
13Pi44'59 +8913'38
SS-44 South Pole of Uranus
11Le11'30 -8850'38
SS-45 Ascending North Node Uranus to ecliptic
13Ge44'43 - 000'00
SS-46 Descending South Node Uranus to ecliptic
13Sa38'07 + 054'20
SS-47 Ascending North Node Uranus to equator
01Ar41'44 - 044'07
SS-48 Descending South Node Uranus to equator
01Li41'44 + 044'07
SS-49 Perihelion Uranus
19Vi50'54 + 046'07
SS-50 Aphelion Uranus
20Pi25'14 + 034'14
70
Neptune
SS-51 North Pole of Neptune
11Ta13'43 +8813'31
SS-52 South Pole of Neptune
21Vi54'56 -8834'25
SS-53 Ascending North Node Neptune to ecliptic
11Le13'47 - 000'00
SS-54 Descending South Node Neptune to ecliptic
11Aq27'21 + 047'30
SS-55 Ascending North Node Neptune to equator
03Ar13'38 - 123'55
SS-56 Descending South North Neptune to equator
03Li13'38 + 123'55
SS-57 Perihelion Neptune
14Ta11'10 - 046'19
SS-58 Aphelion Neptune
13Sc58'16 + 127'56
71
Pluto
SS-59 North Pole of Pluto
20Ar25'60 +7249'48
SS-60 South Pole of Pluto
16Li53'13 -7224'05
SS-61 Ascending North Node Pluto to ecliptic
20Cn26'01 - 000'00
SS-62 Descending South Node Pluto to ecliptic
20Cp42'02 + 145'44
SS-63 Ascending North Node Pluto to equator 11Ta37'32
-1604'14
SS-64 Descending South Node Pluto to equator
11Sc37'32 +1604'14
SS-65 Perihelion Pluto
14Sc49'42 +1616'16
SS-66 Aphelion Pluto
15Ta00'15 -1541'43
72
73
Invariable Plane
SS-105 North Pole of Invariable Plane
17Ar03'41 +8825'10
SS-106 South Pole of Invariable Plane
17Le52'17 -8748'04
SS-107 Ascending North Node Invariable Plane to
ecliptic = 17Cn03'47 - 000'00
SS-108 Descending South Node Invariable Plane to
ecliptic = 17Cp09'11 + 042'26
SS-109 Ascending North Node Invariable Plane to
equator =03Ar32'48 - 132'13
SS-110 Descending South Node Invariable Plane to
equator =03Li32'48 + 132'13
74
The Asteroids
The Asteroids (Greek, asteroids, "starlike"), also
known as the minor planets or planetoids, constitute a
group of bodies ranging from about 470 miles to a
mile or two in diameter that revolve about the Sun in
orbits that occur, in general, between those of Mars
and Jupiter. It has long been known that the distance
between Mars and Jupiter is proportionally larger than
for any other two planets and Kepler even suggested
that a planet might be found in this region of the solar
system. The first asteroid was sighted in this region in
1801 (Ceres) and by 1807 three others were known
(Pallas, Juno and Vesta). As of 1972 there were 1779
minor planets with determined orbits and an
estimated 50,000 asteroids probably exist.
The great majority of the asteroids move in orbits
within a range of 2.1 to 3.5 astronomical units from
the Sun and the orbital periods vary, in general,
75
76
78
Ceres
SS-67 North Pole of Ceres
20Pi48'31 +7924'11
SS-68 South Pole of Ceres
13Vi11'20 -7824'15
SS-69 Ascending North Node Ceres to ecliptic
21Ge43'33 - 003'37
SS-70 Descending South Node Ceres to ecliptic
21Sa42'36 + 018'51
SS-71 Ascending North Node Ceres to equator
21Ar43'30 - 907'12
SS-72 Descending South Node Ceres to equator
21Li43'20 + 907'08
SS-73 Perihelion Ceres
01Vi53'15 +1002'10
SS-74 Aphelion Ceres
02Pi00'08 - 945'21
79
Pallas
SS-75 North Pole of Pallas
13Ge00'16 +5740'25
SS-76 South Pole of Pallas
22Sa56'26 -5452'36
SS-77 Ascending North Node Pallas to ecliptic
23Vi04'11 - 000'00
SS-78 Descending South Node Pallas to ecliptic
23Pi39'51 + 122'51
SS-79 Ascending North Node Pallas to equator
11Vi53'38 - 740'34
SS-80 Descending South Node Pallas to equator
11Pi53'38 + 740'34
SS-81 Perihelion Pallas
02Le49'00 -2619'16
SS-82 Aphelion Pallas
03Aq14'09 +2759'10
80
Juno
SS-83 North Pole of Juno
20Ge42'37 +7658'59
SS-84 South Pole of Juno
20Sa03'56 -7722'06
SS-85 Ascending North Node Juno to ecliptic
20Vi42'37 - 000'00
SS-86 Descending South Node Juno to ecliptic
21Pi14'51 + 115'18
SS-87 Ascending North Node Juno to equator
10Ar17'27 - 425'49
SS-88 Descending South Node Juno to equator
10Li17'27 + 425'49
SS-89 Perihelion Juno
26Ta05'09 -1152'06
SS-90 Aphelion Juno
25Sc45'04 +1317'05
81
Vesta
SS-91 North Pole of Vesta
13Ar47'33 +8251'38
SS-92 South Pole of Vesta
10Li00'10 -8249'14
SS-93 Ascending North Node Vesta to ecliptic
13Cn47'32 - 000'00
SS-94 Descending South Node Vesta to ecliptic
13Cp56'33 + 127'17
SS-95 Asc North Node Vesta to equator 16Ar45'51 707'48
SS-96 Des South Node Vesta to equator 16Li45'51 +
707'48
SS-97 Perihelion Vesta
13Sa13'58 + 515'17
SS-98 Aphelion Vesta
13Ge25'51 - 337'22
82
85
Meteors
Meteor or "shooting star" is a bright streak (meteor
trail) across the night sky resulting from the heat
generated when a particle or piece of matter traveling
at a high velocity in space enters the Earth's
atmosphere. The particle itself is called a meteor, but
it is preferable to designate it as a meteoroid. A
meteoroid then produces a meteor when it encounters
and interacts with Earth's atmosphere. A very bright
meteor is called a fireball, and a large fireball
(particularly one accompanied by sparks and
explosive noise) is called a bolide. While most
meteoroids will disintegrate into small particles and
dust upon entering our atmosphere, some of the very
largest will make impact with the surface of the Earth
creating large craters. A list of some of the most
famous meteor craters follows this article.
86
Meteors Table
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
22Li05'32
01Li09'30
14Le08'46
00Cp00'00
07Pi46'53
18Ta15'31
04Ge22'44
26Ge12'26
04Pi14'39
08Pi43'16
04Pi28'05
01Pi15'44
08Aq47'06
01Ge49'17
19Aq33'00
14Sa00'36
03Cn52'38
22Ta13'47
24Ta53'25
00Ta30'42
26Le10'58
19Cn40'09
27Ge11'49
13Cn19'26
25Cn51'35
+6220'32
+ 451'46
+4220'59
+5626'45
+ 918'48
+ 558'21
+ 200'39
- 423'35
- 734'41
+ 333'34
- 426'06
+ 626'32
+ 820'57
+3846'56
+7609'30
+7706'45
- 723'31
- 428'41
+ 204'02
+1628'53
+ 948'58
+1006'42
- 224'60
-1450'47
+6901'59
88
89
Comets
It is believed that Comets are massive chunks of
loosely packed ices frozen gases. In addition to
ordinary water, these include carbon dioxide (dry ice),
methane, cyanogen, and ammonia. Comets move in
highly elliptical orbits (in most cases) and spend the
majority of their time in the frigid regions at the very
edge of our solar system. Once every 10,000 years or
so, they come close to the Sun, rapidly cross the
inner portion of their orbit, and then speed back out
again to the depths of space. During this fleeting visit
to the solar neighborhood, the comet encounters
sunlight, which melts and evaporates some of the
ices. The solar wind particles (ever flowing out from
the Sun) catch this comet material and blow it out into
a long luminous tail that may stretch millions of miles,
always in a direction away from the Sun.
90
91
Spectacular Comets
Bright and spectacular comets are rare, one
appearing on the average of every ten years or so.
According to one theory, "new comets" come close to
the Sun for the first time when the gravitational action
of passing stars perturbs their original orbits. The
lifetimes of comets appear to be quite short, once
their perihelion distance from the Sun are reduced to
1 A.U. or so. They begin to disintegrate and
disappear. Each return of the comet results in a loss
of mass until, in some cases, the comet may break
into pieces and disintegrate.
Very bright comets were seen during the 19th century
in 1811, 1835, 1843, 1861, and 1882 and this century
in 1910, 1957, 1962, and 1965. Comet designation
represents the order of their discovery in a given year
(1910a, 1910b, and so on) as temporary identification,
along with the name of the discoverer or discoverers
92
93
Table of Comets
No
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
Name
p
N
Time
1960i
|Encke
|3.3002 |46 |1961|Feb
196lg
|Gri gg-Skj el I erup
|4.9081 |10 |1961|Dec
1954III |Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova|5.215 | 2 |1959|Apr
1961b
|Tempel 2
|5.259 |13 |1962|May
1927I
|Neujmin 2
|5.4296 | 2|1927|Jan
1879I
|Brorsen
|5.4630 | 5|1879|Mar
1962b
|Tuttle-Gaicobini-Kresak|5.4887 | 4|1962|Apr
19081I |Tempel-Swift
|5.6807 | 4|1908|Oct
1894IV |de Vico-Swift
|5.8551 | 3|1894|Oct
1879III |Tempel 1
|5.9822 | 3|1879|May
1951VI |Pons-Winnecke
|6.296 | 15|1964|Mar
1958I
|Kopff
|6.318 | 8|1964|May
1959b
|Giacobini-Zinner
|6.4161 | 7|1959|Oct
1961a
|Forbes
|6.424 | 4|1961|Jul
1958V
|Wolf-Harrington
|6.5115 | 3|1958|Aug
1960j
|Schwassmann-Wachmann 2 |6.5324 | 6|1961|Sep
1852III |Biela
|6.6208 | 6|1852|Sep
1960rn |Wirtanen
|6.6693 | 3|1961|Apr
19501I |d'Arrest
|6.673 | 10|1963|Oct
1961h
|Perrine-Mrkos
|6.7097 | 4|1962|Feb
196OIX |Reinmuth 2
|6.7114 | 3|1960|Nov
196OVI |Brooks 2
|6.7199 | 10|1960|Jun
196OVII |Harrington
|6.8024 | 2|1960|Jun
1957VII |Arend-Rigaux
|6.8129 | 2|1964|Jun
1906III |Holmes
|6.8577 | 3|1906|Mar
1956V
|Johnson
|6.861 | 3|1963|Jun
196OVIII|Finlay
|6.8957 | 7|1960|Sep
1960V
|Borelly
|7.0207 | 7|1960|Jun
1950V
|Daniel
|7.094 | 4|1964|Apr
1962a
|Harrington-Abell
|7.24
| 2|1962|Mar
196le
|Faye
|7.38
| 15|1962|May
1962f
|Whipple
|7.462 | 5|1963|Apr
1962e
|Ashbrook-Jackson
|7.5078 | 3|1956|Apr
1958II |Reinmuth 1
|7.6522 | 4|1958|Mar
1959V
|Arend
|7.7922 | 2|1959|Sep
19581V |Otema
|7.8804 | 3|1958|Jun
1960III |Schaumasse
|8.1792 | 6|1960|Apr
1959II |Wolf 1
|8.4296 | 10|1959|Mar
1960f
|Comas-Sola
|8.5857 | 5|1961|Apr
19601V |Vaisala 1
|10.4566| 3|1960|May
1951V
|Neujmin 3
|10.57 | 2|1961|Dec
1938a
|Gale
|10.810 | 2|1960|Jan
1939X
|Tuttle
|13.6059| 8|1939|Nov
19571V |Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 |16.1004| 3|1957|May
1948XIII|Neujmin 1
|17.9711| 3|1948|Dec
1956VI |Crommelin
|27.8726| 6|1956|Oct
1866I
|Tempel-Tuttle
|33.1758| 2|1866|Jan
19421X |Stephan-Oterma
|38.9611| 2|1942|Dec
1913VI |Westphal
|61.7303| 2|1913|Nov
1956IV |Olbers
|65.5692| 3|1956|Jun
1919III |Brorsen-Metcalf
|69.0597| 2|1919|Oct
1954VII |Pons-Brook
|70.8567| 3|1954|May
94
|Halley
|Herschel-Rigollet
|Grigg-Mellish
|76.0289| 29|1910|Apr
|156.044| 2|1939|Aug
|164.317| 2|1907|Mar
95
96
Latitude
+3756'14
-3521'54
-2546'46
-2630'51
-3818'17
-1600'49
+ 017'50
+2727'26
- 027'07
-4354'30
-4125'41
+2750'26
+8132'38
+ 053'32
+5152'55
-4121'25
- 508'22
-2713'05
+4127'46
Object
Grb 34 A, Grb 34 B
Eggen's star in Sculptor
UV Cet A, UV Cet B
epsilon Eridanus
Sirius A, Sirius B
Procyon A, Procyon B
Wolf 359
Lal 21185
Ross 128
Proxima Centaurus
alpha/beta Centaurus
Barnard's star
sigma 2398 A, sigma 2398 B
Ross 154
61 Cygnus A, 61 Cygnus B
epsilon Indus
L 789-6
Lacerta 9352
Ross 248
97
100
101
Thickness = 70 parsecs
102
103
104
106
Our Galaxy
Our Sun and the Local System of stars are part of a
much larger disc-shaped collection of many billions of
stars, gas, and dust that are bound together by
mutual gravitational attraction to a vast flattened
system that turns like a great pinwheel in space. A
simplified sketch of our galaxy is presented above.
There is a dense bright central region or nucleus and
spiral arms extend from the nucleus outward into
space to form a flat disk. These arms become
increasingly thin until they are imperceptible. Our
Earth and the solar system are embedded within the
great disk that is our galaxy, and from our vantage
point within this disk (and toward the edge of the great
wheel), the plane of the galaxy appears as a great
glowing arch in the night sky the Milky Way. All
stars that we can see with the naked eye and almost
all stellar material that is visible to our telescopes is
concentrated within this galactic disk or plane, as it is
107
108
109
110
111
Spiral Arms
Many distant galaxies appear to us through
telescopes to have a lovely vortical or spiral structure.
For over a century, astronomers have assumed that
our Milky Way is also a spiral galaxy, although this
has been difficult to prove. We are embedded within
our galactic plane and surrounded in all directions by
an apparently chaotic distribution of stars, clusters,
nebulae, and dust clouds. It has been only since the
1950's that we have understood what the spiral arm
structure of our galaxy looks like.
At this point in time astronomers have distinguished
three major spiral arms this side of the galactic center.
The Sun seems to be about 1,000 light years from the
central part of a spiral arm that includes the Orion
Nebula, the Coal Sack, and the North American
nebula the Carina-Cygnus arm. An outer spiral arm
112
113
Differential Rotation
Our entire galaxy rotates about its center. The spiral
arms revolve in a clockwise direction as seen from the
north galactic pole and the velocity of revolution of
stars about the center of the galaxy will decrease with
increasing distance from the center. This is also true
for the planetary orbits in the solar system; the far-out
planets take longer to circle the Sun than do the inner
planets. This is called differential rotation.
114
116
Interstellar Dust
Interstellar space is not empty, but filled with fine
particles of dust (grains, smoke) and gas often mixed
in clouds. These small grains of matter clouds of
smoke or dust have absorbing efficiency and like
cigarette smoke, diffuse or scatter starlight. Few
single clouds absorb more than three magnitudes, but
the accumulation in depth of many individual clouds in
the vast cloud complexes of the "Great Rift" in the
Milky Way can produce, in places, almost total
obscuration. The Coal Sack dark nebula in the south
Milky Way results from a dark cloud some 40 light
years across absorbing somewhat more than one
magnitude. It is located at a distance of some 500
light years from our Sun. Almost all of the gas and
dust is concentrated in the equatorial plane of the
galaxy and our observing situation in the Milky Way
(in optical wavelengths) is similar to that of an edgeon external galaxy.
117
Dark Nebulae
If there are no stars in or near the nebulosity, the
nebula will obscure or block all light beyond or behind
itself. The result are dark patches or "holes" in the
sky. The most celebrated dark nebula is the Coal
Sack in the Southern Cross.
119
Zodiac
Latitude Object
12Ar12'18 +6207'58|Cepheus
07Ge25'08 + 601'47|Taurus
18Ge4 1'44 -2803'23|Orion
22Ge22'16 -2522'19|Orion
08Cn05'37 -1313'25|S Monoceros
17Li28'05 -1132'58|Coal sack
18Li35'58 -5908'27|eta Carina
05Sa33'20 - 202'39|rho Ophiuchus
21Sa25'32 - 220'03|theta Ophiuchus
10Cp29'06 +1805'05|Scutum
20Aq58'22 +4731'49|52 Cygnus
07Pi00'45 +5904'19|North America
20Pi43'58 +6356'25|Cygnus
120
Solar Apex
The great disk of the galactic plane spins in space
through time and carries with it all objects, including
our Sun. Differential rotation causes objects that are
located at different distances from the center of the
galaxy to rotate at different speeds. In general,
different groups of objects of a similar kind tend to
move together through space. For instance, the Local
System of stars that includes our Sun is moving in the
general direction of the star Vega in the constellation
Lyra. This apparent direction is termed the Solar Apex
or Apex of the Sun's Way. The position given in
astronomy books for the solar apex depends upon
what group of stars we use to measure our Sun's
motion. This can lead to a lot of confusion as to which
of several values is significant for our use.
Solar motion is often explained as the deviation of the
Sun's motion from a circular motion around the GC.
121
122
Star Streaming
In the early 1900's, it was discovered, from proper
motion studies of the brighter stars, that the stars, in
general, are moving in two preferred directions toward
the apparent vertices. These points are situated in
Lepus, at R.A 90 and declination, -15, and in Pavo
at R.A. 285, declination -64.
About 60% of the stars belong to Stream I, moving
toward the Lepus vertex, and 40% belong to Stream
II, moving toward the Pavo vertex at a velocity about
half that of Stream I. Not all stars share in the
streaming, however; type A stars are very prone to do
so, and type F and later classes in the spectral
sequence show the same tendency, though less
strongly. Most type stars are not members of either
stream, but seem to be practically stationary. They
are moving with the Sun. (see Local System).
If the apparent streaming is corrected for solar
motion, the streams are found to be moving toward
diametrically opposite points in the plane of the galaxy
-- the true vertices at R.A. 95, Declination +12 in
Orion , and R.A. 275, declination -12 in Scutum.
Star streaming has been explained as the result of
small deviations from circular orbits.
123
Long.
Lat.
124
126
128
129
131
A Star is Born
Through a friction-like process, the ever-increasing
pressure and density inside the proto-star causes the
temperature to rise in the star's center or core until a
thermonuclear reaction is initiated at 10 million
degrees. Such a reaction releases enormous radiant
energy that pulses out from within and holds back or
stops the contraction process. A star is born!
133
Protostars
From this point forward, the life story of a particular
star is dependent upon the mass of the original
protostar. The collapse of the protostar takes a
relatively short portion of the star's life, and once the
thermonuclear ignition takes place, the star's surface
temperature rises rapidly, and then levels off, and the
star settles down to about ten billion years of being a
star in the common sense of the word. It is important,
at this point, to examine the struggle going on within
the stellar interior.
134
Stellar Equilibrium
Once born, the star must live and die, much like us.
The death of stars is inevitable and the life process is
often conceived as one of thwarting or putting off of
this inescapable death and thus prolonging life. The
most fascinating aspect of a star's life is the intense
struggle between the forces of gravity and contraction
on one hand (so called outer forces) and the internal
forces of radiation pressure on the other. As long as
there is radiation coming from within, the forces of
gravitational contraction are resisted or balanced, and
stellar life as we observe it continues. The star shines.
In fact, the entire life of the star can be conceived of in
terms of a continuous conversion process. The
diagram above shows how these two archetypical
forces form the stellar shell, which is well below the
actual surface of the star itself. The thickness of this
shell as well as its position near to or far from the
135
A Red Giant
The radiant pressure of burning Hydrogen within was
all that held back the initial contraction of the
protostar, and when this is gone, the star's core
continues to contract. It then has no material strong
enough to stop this contraction and the core again
shrinks, causing increased pressure, density and
temperature. When the temperature at the center of
the star reaches l00 million degrees, the nuclei of
helium atoms (products of the Hydrogen burning
stage) are violently fused together to form carbon.
The fusion of this helium burning at the stellar core
again produces a furious outpouring of radiant
energy, and this energy release inside the star's core
(as the star contracts) pushes the surface far out into
space in all directions. The sudden expansion creates
an enormous star with a diameter of a quarter of a
billion miles and a low surface temperature between
3,000-4,000 degrees a red giant.
137
138
A Supernova
This helium burning stage (red giant) continues for
several hundred million years before exhaustion. With
the helium gone, the contraction process again
resumes and still greater temperatures, densities, and
pressures result. At this point, the size or mass of the
star begins to dictate the final course of the life. For
very massive stars, the ignition of such thermonuclear
reactions as carbon, oxygen, and silicon fusion may
take place, creating all of the heavier elements. These
later stages in stellar evolution produce stars that are
very unstable. These stars can vary or pulsate in size
and luminosity. In certain cases this can lead to a total
stellar detonation, a supernova.
139
141
A Neutron Star
To avoid this further contraction, it is believed that
many stars unload or blow off enough excess mass to
get within the Chandrasekhar Limit. The nova is an
example of an attempt of this kind. In recent years it
has become clear that not all stars are successful in
discarding their excess mass, and for them a very
different state results than what we find in the white
dwarf. We have seen that the electron pressure is not
strong enough to halt the contraction process and the
star gets smaller and tighter. The pressure and
density increase until the electrons are squeezed into
the nuclei of the atoms out of which the star is made.
At this point the negatively charged electrons combine
with the positively charged protons and the resulting
neutron force is strong enough to again halt the
contraction process and we have another type of
stellar corpse: a neutron star.
142
144
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is said to be the
most important in all astronomy. It is a graph obtained
by plotting the luminosities versus the temperatures of
stars. As shown in the diagram, the luminosities are
measured along the vertical axis and the surface
temperature or spectral type along the horizontal axis.
Every star for which the luminosity and temperature
are known can be represented in this graph. Notice
that the stars are not scattered in a random fashion
over the diagram, but are grouped in three main
regions.
This tells us that there is a precise relationship
between the temperature and luminosity of stars.
Most stars are located along the main sequence that
runs diagonally from the hot & bright stars in the
upper left to the cool & dim stars in the lower right.
Our sun is near the middle of the main sequence.
145
146
Zodiac
Latitude Object
25Cn07'53 -1611'17/Procyon A, Procyon B
25Cn11'41 -1606'05/Procyon B
25Cn13'10 -4456'06 NGC 2362
Very young cluster
Loose & poor, tau Canis Major
G 25Cn30'52 +5218'41/Holmberg I = DDO
63 = A0936+71
Q 25Cn50'08 -2009'11/0736+01
ME 25Cn51'25 +6901'51/Ursids
149
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram II
The Time Table for Our Sun in Years
10 Billion Standard Life
100 Million Hydrogen Exhaustion
10 Million First Red Giant
10 Million Helium Burning
100 Million Second red Giant
20,000 Collapse
5 Billion
White Dwarf
150
151
152
153
154
155
Rapid Binary
One star in very tight orbit around a larger star.
156
157
Visual Binaries
##
VB
VB
VB
VB
VB
VB
VB
VB
VB
VB
VB
VB
VB
Zodiac
10Ar26'21
14Ar41'12
14Ar41'45
01Ta54'29
29Ta12'49
06Cn35'07
12Cn37'38
24Cn23'06
02Sc06'05
27Sc35'11
00Sa21'36
05Sa54'03
00Cp00'00
Latitude Object
+2413'56|85 Pegasus
-2517'24|L 726-8
+5902'38|Kru 60
+5024'43|eta Cassiopeia
-2719'53| Eridanus B,C
-2418'40|Ross 614 A,B
-3814'59|Sirius
-1558'49|Procyon
+3400'50|epsilon Bootes
-4129'22|Centaurus A,B
+5251'31|zeta Hercules
+6738'02|Fu 46
+2526'53|70 Ophiuchus
158
Spectroscopic Binaries
##
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
Zodiac
10Ta50'20
21Ta20'08
28Ta51'58
29Ta37'26
21Ge32'48
28Ge27'49
23Le00'37
14Vi50'43
03Li08'35
04Li39'37
21Li50'60
12Sc44'19
18Sc22'21
Latitude Name
+2003'59|4 Triangulum
-5326'52|41 nu Eridanus
+3451'37|gamma Perseus
+1143'14|omicron Perseus
-2743'42|i Orion
+2033'45|beta Aurigao
- 404'23|omicron Leo
+5603'16|-2 Ursa Major
+ 210'46|eta Virgo
-4952'42|p Vela
- 031'16|alpha Virgo
-3133'07|zeta Centaurus
+4547'00|T Cor. Borealis
159
Zodiac
01Sa34'33
06Sa47'22
14Sa31'05
17Cp24'52
02Aq38'04
03Aq37'27
21Aq44'19
26Aq35'22
27Aq49'16
12Pi56'58
Latitude Name
+ 232'09|beta Scorpio
+5309'58| Hercules
-1348'16| (one) Scorpio
+5615'17|Beta Lyra
+ 457'19|beta Capricorn
+1920'44|theta Aquila
+2002'07|alpha Equuleus
+6341'60|31 -1 Cygnus
+6358'09|32 -2 Cygnus
-5346'21|zeta Phoenix
160
Binary System
The two components revolve around the center of
gravity of the system. The intersecting lines represent
the center of gravity of an unequal system. The more
massive component has the smaller orbit (a,b.c ... h),
while the less massive component has the larger orbit
(A,B,C ... H). If these were equal components, the
center of gravity would be midway between the stars.
161
Eclipsing Binaries
##
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
Zodiac
Latitude Name
28Ar13'27 +5432'57|AR Cassiopeia
25Ta17'48 +2154'22| Pers., ALGOL
28Ta36'06 +5952'38|YZ Cassiopeia
29Ta57'35 - 750'44|lamda Taurus
05Ge43'19 +4959'36|RZ Cassiopeia
11Ge20'16 +6310'28|U Cecheus
20Ge29'56 +1040'20|AR Auriga
22Ge03'38 -2359'55|VV Orion
06Cn14'35 + 900'36|WW Auriga
22Le59'18 +3415'47|TX Ursa Major
23Le53'50 -6616'04|V Puppis
02Sc07'55 +7624'06|CM Draconis
(dwarf eclipsing binary)
11Sc56'05 +4338'32| Cor. Borealis
14Sc22'07 + 858'09|delta Libra
13Sa02'56 +5640'12|u Hercules
17Sa21'15 +2426'40|U Ophiuchus
20Sa20'13 -1030'34|RS Sagittarius
26Cp58'48 + 719'37|V 505 Sag.
28Pi11'08 +5201'14|AR Lacerta
162
Variable Stars
The term "Variable Star" originally referred to those
stars that vary in their brightness. All stars vary in one
way or another. There are about 20,000 recognized
variable stars listed in the well-known Catalogue of
Variable Stars . The major types of variable stars are
listed below.
Individual variable stars within each constellation are
named by letters and numbers that indicate their
order of discovery. The first variable found within any
constellation has the letter R assigned to it (example:
R Coronae Borealis). Subsequently discovered
variables take the letters S, T to Z; then RR, RS,
RT . SS, ST, and so on through ZZ.
After ZZ, variable stars are named starting from the
beginning of the alphabet with AA, AB, AC through
AZ, then BB, BC through BZ, and son on through QZ.
The preceding will take care of 344 stars in each of
the constellations. If there are still more variables,
they receive numbers from 335 on, preceded by the
letter "V" and followed by the constellation. An
example would be V 335 Cygni, being the 335th
variable star discovered in the constellation Cygnus.
Pulsating Variables
C Classical Cepheids, No. 696
I (L) Irregular Variables, No. 1687
M Mira Ceti , No. 4600
SR Semi-regular Variables , No. 4423
RR RR Lyrae Variables , No. 4423
RV RV Tauri Stars , No. 100
C Cephei Stars, No. 14 UV
SC Scuti Stars, No. 12
CV CVn Stars, No. 28
163
Explosive Variables
N Novae 203
Ne Nova-lie Variables
SN Supernovae No. 7
RCB R Cr Borealis Stars, No. 31
RW (I) RW Aur, T Tauri Stars, No. 1005
UG U Geminorum Stars, No. 210
UV Ceti (flare) Stars, No. 100
Z Z Camelopardalis Stars, No. 19
Eclipsing variables of all kinds total 4018.
164
Intrinsic Variables
These are the true variable stars, for something within
them is happening to cause the variation in their
appearance. The rest of this article will describe some
of the basic attributes of the various major types of
intrinsic variable stars. Some intrinsic variables have
a more or less regular rhythm or period and are
termed Periodic Variables, while others are only
periodic in a rough fashion and ire termed Semiregular or Cyclic Variables.
These semi-regular variables may be seen to
dissolve, in a step-by-step manner, into those stars
whose variations show no obvious pattern, the
Irregular Variables. The most spectacular of all the
variables are the Novae, Supernovae, and other
Cataclysmic or Exploding Variables.
Periodic Variables
The periodic variables are giant and super-giant stars
with periodic variations ranging from an hour or so to
three years in length. In spectral class, the stars
165
166
Long-Period Variables
The Long-period variables, as their name suggests,
have periods that range from ninety days up to six or
seven hundred. They have spectra of Classes M, S,
R, and N, -- the coolest stars -- and large light ranges
(from between three to six magnitudes). They are
very common in our galaxy, which contain 100,000
such stars. Perhaps the most famous of the longperiod variables is Mira Ceti, "the Wonderful," which
has been known for centuries. These stars are rare or
never found in globular clusters.
168
Semi-Regular Variables
The semi-regular red variables form a group that
grades into the long period variables. They have
similar periods and spectra, but their ranges of
brightness and their spectral class are much smaller.
These stars may be considered cyclic rather than
periodic. The lengths of individual cycles and the
forms of individual light variations are much more
irregular than for the long-period variables, which in
turn are less regular than the Cepheids. The semiregular red variables may be on the verge of
becoming long-period variables. This group contains
a number of super-giant M stars, such as Betelgeuse
and Antares, with absolute visual magnitudes near 4
and a large enough angular diameter to be measured
with the interferometer.
169
Irregular Variables
Still other variables may be termed Irregular, for they
suffer brightness changes in abrupt and unpredictable
fashion. These stars may by continue at a constant
brightness or, after small fluctuations for years or
months, drop suddenly in brightness by six
magnitudes in days or weeks, and return to maximum
brightness over a period of years. The most famous
irregular variable is R Coronae Borealis.
170
Flare Stars
Flare stars are main-sequence stars that abruptly
brighten by several magnitudes for a very sort time,
then quickly revert to their usual brightness. These
flare-ups are erratic, with no detectable periodicity.
There is also a large increase in the ultraviolet (UV) in
many cases. Typical flare stars such as AD Leonis
and YX Canoris exhibit small microflares as often as
several times each night, while larger spectacular
flares are observed with frequencies of once a week
to once a month.
Many astronomers believe that the flare phenomenon
represents a localized release of energy within the
star atmosphere, similar to flares on the Sun. From
this point of view, the Sun is a flare star, but the
brightness of a flare star so small compared with the
Sun's total brightness, that the solar luminosity is not
appreciably increase during a flare. One of the Sun's
nearest neighbors, Proxima Centauri, is a flare star.
171
Magnetic Stars
The existence of strong magnetic fields in certain
variable stars has been known since 1946, but the
observation of the longitudinal Zeeman-effect in the
spectra of such stars. The magnetic field strength
often shows strong fluctuations of an irregular type
and often also a reversal of polarity.
Zodiac
16Ar10'40
27Ar03'58
13Ge51'60
17Ge56'04
13Cn33'43
18Cn06'49
29Cn08'35
07Sc43'34
06Pi19'35
Latitude Name
+5614'26|215 441
- 147'03|10 783
+ 706'22|32 633
+1051'40|32 633
-2318'06|50 169
+3844'54|53
+2111'13|71 866
- 406'03|125 248
+6901'24|192 678
172
174
Dwarf Novae
There are different kinds of novae. The Dwarf Novae
(also called SS Cygni or U Geminorum stars) are
repeating variable novae with a range up to six
magnitudes. These dwarf novae repeat their outbursts
at quasi-periodic intervals of a few weeks or months
and are faint at minimum and around zero magnitude
at maximum.
Recurrent Novae
The Recurrent Novae, much larger than the dwarf
novae (they range in light between 8 and 10
magnitudes, undergo outbursts at irregular intervals of
several decades. The fact that a star can undergo the
nova process more than once is thought provoking.
As violent as the nova process may appear, it seems
to be but a passing incident in the life of the star,
which returns to very much the same condition that
existed before the outburst. As we shall see later in
the text, this is not true for the supernovae. The
variable star T Coronae Borealis is a classic recurrent
nova with outbursts in 1866 and in 1946.
Novae
The normal novae are brighter still than either the
dwarf or the recurrent novae, and more common.
More than 100 novae have been observed in our
galaxy in the last one hundred years. It is estimated
that about 25 novae brighter than 9th magnitude
occur in our galaxy each year; although all are not
visible due to either their intrinsic faintness or daytime
skies.
Novae are designated by constellation and year of
appearance. Novae Aquilae 1918 was the brightest
seen this century. Most novae have an average range
175
Table of Novae
##
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Zodiac
Latitude Name
10Ar37'33 +5855'28|Nova 1936 Lacerta CP
10Ar59'32 +5443'44|Nova 1910 Lacerta No. 1
15Ar22'58 +5430'30|Nova 1950 Lacerta
26Ar36'08 +3227'52|885 Andromeda (S)
11Ta40'24 +5330'54|Nova Cassiopeia (8) 1572
20Ta34'50 +4108'29|Nova 1887 Persei No. 1 (V)
00Ge52'15 +2416'31|Nova 1901 Persei No. 2 (GK)
19Ge28'48 - 655'36|Nova 1927 (XX Tau)
Rapid development
23Ge12'51 + 656'08|Nova 1891 Auriga (T)
08Cn54'41 + 707'07|Nova 1903 Gemini No. 1
10Cn59'22 + 958'08|Nova 1912 Gemini No. 2
11Cn13'48 -2320'51|Nova 1939(8T)
Monoceros rapid early development
23Cn39'37 -2648'29|Nova 1918 (GI) Monoceros
Rapid early development
12Le41'47 -8353'33|Nova 1925 Pictoris (RR)
13Le18'28 -4432'47|Nova 1902 DY Puppis
01Vi01'16 -4554'18|Novae 1890, 1902, 1920, 1941
T Pyxis
23Vi57'10 +5938'47|Nova 1970G NGC 5457
20Li34'04 -5828'43|Nova eta Carina
26Li42'17 -5735'20|Nova 1895 Carina (RS)
02Sc29'20 -1724'02|1968 NGC 5236
176
177
178
Supernovae
The nature of the Supernova explosion is another
story entirely from that of the relatively tranquil nova
process. Unlike the novae, whose essential condition
remains unaltered after the blow-up, the supernova
may suffer a complete collapse of its stellar core
resulting in a super-dense star or even a black hole.
(see Pulsars, Black Holes, Neutron Stars).
Supernovae are exploding stars reaching extreme
luminosity (-18 Absolute Magnitude maximum), and a
supernova may outshine the combined luminosity of
the entire galaxy in which it appears! Supernovae are
also quite rare. There have been but a handful of
supernovae within our galaxy in recorded history.
Most supernovae are found in external systems or
galaxies, and to date more than 400 such supernovae
have been discovered. One of the best known
appeared in M.31 (the Andromeda Galaxy) in 1885.
179
180
Table of Supernovae
##
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
SN
Zodiac
Latitude Name
10Ar23'01 -1043'14|1939 D (Nov) M 16.00
23Ar58'14 + 647'07|1936 B (Aug) M 14.00
26Ar25'24 +5439'57|SN Cas A (Our Galaxy) 1667
17Ta21'22 +1829'29|1938 A (Nov) M 15.2
19Ta34'12 +2327'45|1937 D (Sep. 16) M 12.8 NGC 1003
20Ta09'19 -3914'13|1937 E (Dec) M 15.00 NGC 1482
12Cn57'37 +4235'01|1954 J (Oct) M 16.0 NGC 2403
28Cn50'33 + 445'19|1901 A (Jan) M 14.7 NGC 2535
03Le24'28 + 854'32|1920 A (Jan) M 11.8 NGC 2608
04Le47'00 +3400'02|1912 A (Feb) M 13.0 NGC 2841
19Le42'42 +2844'60|1937F, 1921C, 1921B
(Dec.12, Mar, Apr) NGC 3184
26Le30'30 +5730'49|1940 D (Jul) M 15.0 NGC 4545
27Le15'27 +1826'14|1941 B (Mar) M 15.1 NGC 3254
27Le39'31 + 947'05|1946 A (May) M 18.0 NGC 3177
06Vi07'25 +4533'09|1937 A (Aug) M 15.3 NGC 4157
16Vi30'13 +3408'02|1954 A (Apr 19) M 9.8 NGC 4214
18Vi11'14 +2835'23|1941 C (Apr) M 16.8 NGC 4136
23Vi57'09 +5122'11|1945 A (Feb) SN I M 14.0 NGC 5195
23Vi57'10 +5938'47|1909 A (Feb) Peculiar SN
M 12.1 NGC 5457
25Vi17'32 +2906'38|1941 A (Feb 26) M 13.2 NGC 4559
25Vi33'06 +4518'56|1971 I (June) SN I M 11.8 NGC 5055
28Vi05'07 +1645'44|1914 A (Feb-Mar) M12.3 NGC 4486
00Li18'14 +2733'41|1940 B (May 8) M 12.8 NGC 4725
00Li51'23 +3151'02|1950 A (Feb) M 17.70 I 4051
01Li36'32 +1352'38|1919 A (Feb-Mar) M 12.3 NGC 4486
01Li51'24 + 638'16|1936 A (Jan 13) M 14.4 NGC 4273
01Li58'57 +1052'03|1895 A (Mar) M 12.5 NGC 4424
02Li30'15 + 620'43|1926 A (May) M 14.3 NGC 4303
04Li16'34 +1448'26|1939 B (May 2) M 11.9 4621
04Li46'60 +6813'12|1954 C (Oct 4) SN II M 14.9
NGC 5879
05Li25'19 +6727'32|1940 C (Apr) M 16.3 I 1099
06Li06'17 + 547'56|1915 A (mar) M 15.5 NGC 4527
07Li15'08 +6831'23|1940 A (Feb 16) SN II M 14.3
NGC 5907
07Li34'04 -1717'18|1921 A (Mar) NGC 4038
08Li26'20 + 553'58|1939 A (Jan 2) M 12.2 NGC 4636
181
183
Supernovae Remnants
In our Galaxy of about 100 billion stars, a supernova
occurs, on the average, once in every 100 years. For
this reason, much of the research in supernovae has
been done in galaxies external to our own. It is
possible we may experience a supernova within our
galaxy in the course of our lifetimes. Until that time,
we must content ourselves with a search for the
remains of previous supernovae. When a star does
supernova, it radiates more energy than a billion Suns
and ejects matter at close to the velocity of light for a
period of about two weeks!
The expanding shell of debris creates a nebula that
for hundreds, even thousands of years radiates
vigorously in both the x-ray and radio regions of the
spectrum. About two dozen of these remains of past
supernovae or supernovae remnants have been
discovered in our galaxy. Four of the remnants have
184
185
186
White Dwarfs
##
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
Zodiac
10Ar29'13
12Ar43'17
19Ar47'38
29Ta38'49
09Cn01'54
13Cn25'22
25Cn11'41
24Le45'30
12Vi38'55
04Sa41'06
18Aq26'37
Latitude Name
+3038'37|L1512-34 B
+ 030'49|v. Maanen 2
-1433'31|L870-2
-2755'19|40 Eridanus B
+1353'46|He 3 = Ci20 398
-3941'54|Sirius B
-1606'05|Procyon B
-4807'49|L532-81
+1558'11|R 627
+ 525'13|L770-3
+4116'11|W1326
187
Wolf-Rayet Stars
The Wolf-Rayet stars or W stars are very blue and
very hot. Their spectra display wide emission lines.
About 25% of them are spectroscopic binaries and
some are eclipsing binaries. They are enormously
concentrated toward the galactic equator. Forty
percent are within one degree of the equator, 70%
within two degrees, and 95% within 5 degrees. WolfRayet stars are highly luminous and very short-lived.
They are of great value (potentially) in locating and
tracing the spiral-arm pattern of our galaxy, since they
do not have time to move far from the spiral arm
where they originate. Several of these stars have
been discovered as the central exciting star in
planetary nebulae.
The Wolf-Rayet stars seem to comprise two separate
spectral sequences, carbon and nitrogen stars, whose
special characteristics indicate different chemical
compositions. It has not been decided just where
these stars fit into the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
Their high temperatures and high luminosities indicate
that they should come before the O's, while their
tenuous atmospheric shells or envelopes suggest a
relationship with the giant M's or the symbiotic
objects.
188
Wolf-Rayet Table
##
WR
WR
WR
WR
WR
Zodiac
27Le00'09
20Li30'11
21Li58'42
19Sc20'38
16Sa19'29
Latitude Name
-6502'44|gamma two Vela
-5925'16|Wolf-Rayet star
-5910'04|eta Carina
-5150'43|Theta Musca
-1950'17|Wolf-Rayet star
189
Table of Constellations
And
Ant
Aps
Aqr
Aql
Ara
...
Ari
Aur
Boo
Cae
Cam
Cnc
CVn
CMa
CMi
Cap
Car
Cas
Cen
Cep
Cet
Cha
Cir
Col
Com
CrA
CrB
Crv
Crt
Cru
Cyg
Del
Dor
Dra
Equ
Eri
For
Gem
Gru
Her
Hor
Hya
Hyi
Ind
Lac
Leo
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Andromeda, Andromedae
Antlia, Antliae
Apus, Apodis
Aquarius, Aquarii
Aquila, Aquilae
Ara, Arae
Argo, Argus
Aries, Arietis
Auriga, Aurigae
Bootes, Bootis
Caelum, Caeli
Camelopardalis, Camelopardalis
Cancer, Cancri
Canes Venatici, Canum Venaticorum
Canis Major, Canis Majoris
Canis Minor, Canis Minoris
Capricornus, Capricorni
Carina, Carinae
Cassiopeia, Cassiopeiae
Centaurus, Centauri
Cepheus, Cephei
Cetus, Ceti
Chamaelon, Chamaeleontis
Circinus, Circini
Columba, Columbae
Coma Berenices, Comae Berenices
Corona Australis, Coronae Australis
Corona Borealis, Coronae Borealis
Corvus, Corvi
Crater, Crateris
Crux, Crucis
Cygnus, Cygni
Delphinus, Delphini
Dorado, Doradus
Draco, Draconis
Equuleus, Equulei
Eridanus, Eridani
Fornax, Fornacis
Gemini, Geminorum
Grus, Gruis
Hercules, Herculis
Horologium, Horologii
Hydra, Hydrae
Hydrus, Hydri
Indus, Indi
Lacera, Lacertae
Leo, Leonis
191
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192
193
Latitude
Name
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
203
206
207
NGC 7092
rich, Cygnus
NGC 7654
rich, Cassiopeia
208
210
old, Hercules
NGC 6266 M.62
NGC 6341
NGC 6333
NGC 6402
NGC 6626
NGC 6637
NGC 6656
NGC 6681
NGC 6715
NGC 6779
NGC 6809, M.55
NGC 6838 M.71
NGC 6864
NGC 6981
NGC 7078
NGC 7089
NGC 7099
211
213
Moving Clusters
Certain open clusters, for which the individual stars
have a pronounced motion toward a convergent point,
are known as Moving Clusters. The Hyades is one of
the earliest known and the nearest of these clusters.
Except for small peculiar motions, all stars that are
members of a moving cluster move in space along
more or less parallel paths, much like meteors in a
meteor stream. The individual proper motions of these
stars seem to converge toward or diverge from a
common point in the sky in the same way that
meteors in showers appear to diverge from their
radiants (see Meteors). The point of divergence
marks the direction in space toward which the Sun is
moving with respect to the cluster. The point of
convergence of the proper motions (opposite the point
of divergence on the celestial sphere) marks the
direction toward which the cluster is moving with
respect to the Sun.
The Ursa Major cluster is of particular interest to us
since it occupies the same volume of space as our
Sun. In fact, it is moving through our space, although
the Sun is not a member of this cluster. The Ursa
Major cluster is composed of two subgroups which
consist of a moderately compact cluster of 14 stars
with the same proper motion and an extended stream
of stars which has approximately the same motion.
The nucleus of this cluster is located about 23
parsecs from the Sun and occupies (roughly)
ellipsoidal region 4x6x10 parsecs in diameter. The
shortest diameter is perpendicular to the galactic
plane, while the longest is in the direction of the
motion of the cluster. The motion of the local centroid
is 29 km/sec.
214
215
Moving Clusters
## Zodiac
Latitude
Name
MC 20Ge52'45 -6617'23|Pleiades
MC 23Ge39'42 -4120'17|Orion
100x70x60 parsecs diameter
MC 02Cn59'37 -1125'01|Hyades Moving Cluster
250 parsecs diameter
MC 05Cn17'15 -1921'23|Praesepe
About 10 parsecs diameter
MC 17Cn25'28 -4639'53|Perseus Moving Cluster
MC 06Le27'14 -6803'24|Sco-Cen 90x300
MC 25Le04'20 -6437'56|Coma Berenices
MC 28Cp36'54 -1657'56|Ursa Major-Sirius
216
O-Associations
Astronomer V. A. Ambartsumian describes OAssociations as:
"... [S]tellar systems where the partial density of 'OB2' stars is larger than the average field density of
these stars in such a way that this difference cannot
be explained by chance fluctuations; moreover, 'O' or
'BO' stars are present. The properties of Oassociations may be described as follows:
(g) There are reasons for presuming the Oassociations to be unstable systems."
217
Table of O-Associations
## Zodiac
Latitude
Name
OA 22Ta52'21 +4046'5
8 Perseus OB 1
(Ma) Per I, (Mo) I Per 6
OA 29Ta37'28 +4254'2
9 Cassiopeia OB 6
(Ma) Cas VI, (Sch) X Cas, (Ru) Ca 5
OA 00Ge15'40 +1323'2 12 Perseus OB 2
(Ma) Per II, (Mo) II Per 2
OA 21Ge27'09 -2429'55 16 Orion OB 1
(Ma) Ori, (Mo) I Ori, (Ru) Ori I
OA 01Cn34'53 - 150'11 18 Gemini OB 1
(Ma) Gem, (Mo) I Gem
OA 07Cn45'10 -1422'29 19 Monoceros OB 1
(Ma) Mon I, (Sch) II Mon
OA 09Cn03'16 -1817'30 20 Monoceros OB 2
(Ma) Mon II, (Mo) I Mon
OA 18Cn52'11 -3200'37 21 Canis Major OB 1
(Ma) CMa, (Sch) I CMa, (Ru) CMa
OA 07Le10'06 -4455'35 23 Puppis OB 1
(Ma) Pup, (Sch) II Pup, (Ru) Pup I
OA 05Vi18'58 -5729'12 25 Vela OB 1
(Ma) Vela, (Sch) 1 Vel, (Ru) Vel I
OA 18Li43'54 -5712'14 26 Carina OB 1
(Ma) Car, (Sch) I Car, (Ru) Car I
OA 14Sa04'26 -2302'41 33 Ara OB 1
(ma) Ara-Nor, (Sch) I Ara
OA 16Sa02'54 -1731'54 34 Scorpius OB 1
(Ma) Sco, (mo) I Sco, (Ru) Sco I
OA 01Cp08'55 + 254'27 37 Sagittarius OB 1
(Ma) Sgr I, (Mo) I Sgr,(Mo) II S
OA 03Cp59'54 +1322'28 41 Serpens OB 2
(Ma) Sgr III, (Mo) II Ser, (Sch) III
OA 04Cp25'12 + 958'38 42 Serpens OB 1
(Ma) Sgr II, (Mo) I Ser,(Ru) Ser
OA 28Aq10'34 +5712'25 56 Cygnus OB 2
(Sch) VI Cyg, (Ru) Cyg II
OA 13Ar58'54 +6512'38 60 Cepheus OB 2
(Ma) Cep II, (Mo) I Cep
OA 08Ar02'13 +5753'01 61 Ceph-Lacerta OB 1
(Ma) Cep-Lac
OA 11Ar46'36 +5742'58 62 Cepheus OB 1
(Ma) Cep I, (Mo) II Cep
OA 00Ar07'59 +4302'23 63 Lacerta OB 1
218
T-Associations
T-Associations are groups or clusters of very young
stars that are very near to our Sun. Along with the OAssociations, these are the nearest groups of celestial
objects. T-Associations are loose groups of T Tauri
and RW Aurigae stars at distances from about 100 to
1000 parsecs from the Sun. There are about forty of
these associations known, most with fewer than thirty
members, although there may be as many as four
hundred. T-Associations have received much
attention in recent years from astronomers due to the
fact that T Tauri stars are closely associated with
strong clouds of interstellar dust and are often
observed near or within these dark nebulae.
Armenian astronomer V. A. Ambartsumian sees in
these compact associations of variable stars a special
class of stars, possible in the condensing stage
young or very young stars. These T Tauri stars help
to bridge the gap between protostars (newborn stars)
and the younger stars (T Tauri stars = age less than
107). The spherical shape of the T-Associations or
clusters is an indication that these young stars will
disband in a relatively short period of time. They are
unstable.
The T Tauri stars exhibit erratic variations that may
be, in part, extrinsic. They have luminosity
comparable to our Sun, although their spectra are
219
Table of T-Associations
##
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
Zodiac
Latitude
Name
00Ar49'39 -4620'49|Phe T1-SY Phe (?)
16Ar55'06 +6049'02|Cep T3-DI Cep (?)
18Ar28'31 +4611'53|And T1-BM And (?)
25Ar27'56 +7256'37|Cep T1-NGC 7023
27Ar51'29 +5623'36|Cas T2-NGC 7635
08Ta48'53 +5245'13|Cas T1-VX Cas
13Ta26'01 +6828'03|Cep T2-BO Cep (?)
22Ta39'28 +3803'48|Per T1-EO Per
29Ta42'27 +1146'47|Per T2-IC 348
06Ge14'51 + 647'57|Tau T1-RY Tau
07Ge47'56 - 306'36|Tau T2-T Tau
09Ge10'25 + 400'53|Tau T3-UZ Tau
10Ge08'19 +1410'25|Per T3-NGC 1579
15Ge22'37 + 827'42|Aur T1-RW Aur
21Ge32'35 -1139'14|Ori T1-CO Ori
21Ge35'23 -2746'17|Ori T2-T Ori
22Ge56'16 -2349'56|Ori T3-sigma Ori
24Ge35'34 -1340'39|Ori T4-FU Ori
26Ge26'59 + 239'09|Tau T4-RR Tau
09Cn01'43 -1314'53|Mon T1-NGC 2264, S Mon
11Cn09'09 - 942'52|Gem T1-FY Gem
13Cn05'34 -2542'19|Mon T2-WX Mon (?)
28Cn11'07 -3442'39|Pup T1-UY Pup (?)
19Li02'12 -5814'13|Car T1-eta Car (?)
25Li12'46 -3944'18|Cen T1-V 654 Cen
07Sa01'02 - 127'22|Sco T1- Sco
29Sa11'45 + 019'13|Sgr T1-NGC 6514
29Sa29'47 - 000'14|Sgr T2-NGC 6530
00Cp53'54 + 028'09|Sgr T3-S 188, IC 1274b
03Cp19'54 +1103'44|Ser T1 - NGC 6611
06Cp55'11 +5652'12|Lyr T1 - LT Lyr
07Cp37'01 +3148'55|Oph T1 - V 426 Oph
220
221
Emission Nebulae
A nebula containing a very hot star can be excited to
self-luminosity, resulting in what is termed an
emission nebula. A nebulous region which is excited
to luminosity in this way is also called an H-II region
since hydrogen (H) is the most abundant element.
Emission nebulae are huge masses of gas that
absorb ultraviolet radiation from nearby hot stars and
reradiate it as bright-line emission. The most famous
example of an emission nebula is Messier Object 42
(M.42), the great nebula in Orion. Another is the Eta
Carinae Nebula in the southern sky. The larger
emission nebulae are most often associated with the
very hot "O" and "BO" stars and may contain dense
groups of these most luminous stars. The hot central
stars in the emission nebulae often appear to have
cleared away the dust from their immediate
surrounding, creating a hole or dust-free bubble inside
222
Reflection Nebulae
In some nebulae, the star producing the illumination is
not hot enough to make the nebulosity shine by its
own light and the result is a reflection nebula.
223
Zodiac
23Ar28'03
29Ar26'17
09Ta28'09
13Ta06'13
13Ta13'27
27Ta53'46
28Ta58'05
00Ge39'58
00Ge42'22
05Ge15'23
18Ge21'38
21Ge24'40
21Ge34'17
22Ge22'42
22Ge24'18
22Ge25'54
22Ge48'58
24Ge05'53
24Ge21'11
25Ge41'50
01Cn34'08
07Cn47'55
09Cn19'53
09Cn41'23
20Li34'04
02Sc06'19
03Sa45'09
07Sa32'60
08Sa57'47
08Sa57'47
29Sa54'28
00Cp09'39
04Cp21'14
02Aq24'30
05Aq49'03
25Aq11'11
25Aq48'40
26Aq13'09
28Aq38'26
06Pi24'46
08Pi52'53
26Pi39'59
Latitude Name
+7237'20|NGC 7023, Cepheus
+5802'53|NGC 7538, Cepheus
+4553'59|NGC 281, Cassiopeia
+5736'28|
+4847'22|IC 59, gamma Cassiopeia
+4322'19|IC 1805, Cassiopeia
+ 357'44|IC 349, 23 Taurus, MEROPE
+4212'53|IC 1848, Cassiopeia
+1229'41|IC 8, omicron Perseus
+1507'02|IC 1499, Perseus, California Nebula
-2531'29|Orion
+1040'47|IC 410, Auriga
+1050'39|IC 417, Auriga
-2729'38|NGC 1976, Orion, M.42
-2731'13|NGC 1980, Orion
-2732'48|NGC 1982, Orion, M.43
-2342'33|NGC 1990, epsilon Orion
-2459'19|IC 434, zeta Orion, Horsehead
-2411'50|NGC 2024, zeta Orion
-2320'21|NGC 2068, Orion, M.78
- 245'50|NGC 2174-5, Orion
-1850'53|NGC 2237-9, Monoceros, Rosette
-1503'14|NGC 2261, R Monoceros, Hubble's Var
-1334'39|NGC 2264, S Monoceros, Cone Nebula
-5828'43|NGC 3372, eta Carina, Keyhole
-5549'14|IC 2944, lamda Centaurus
+ 240'54|IC 4592, nu Scorpio
- 100'40|IC 4603-4. rho Ophiuchus
- 259'04|IC 4605, 22 Scorpio
- 350'43|IC 4606, alpha Scorpio, ANTARES
+ 032'53|NGC 6514, M.20, Trifid, Sagittarius
+ 016'23|NGC 6523, M.8, Lagoon, Sagittarius
+ 754'20|NGC 6618, M.17, Omega/Horseshoe
+4247'11|NGC 6820, Vulpecula
-8655'18|NGC 2070, Dorado, Tarantula, 30 Dor
+4649'13|NGC 6960, 52 Cygnus, Veil Nebula
+5614'16|IC 1318, gamma Cygnus
+4710'37|Cygnus, Veil Nebula
+4633'01|NGC 6992-5, Veil Nebula in Cygnus
+5856'13|IC 5067-0, alpha Cygnus, Pelican
+5736'03|NGC 7000, North America, Cygnus
+5518'07|IC 5146, Cygnus, Cocoon Nebula
224
Dark Nebulae
If there are no stars in or near the nebulosity, the
nebula will obscure or block all light beyond or behind
itself. The result are dark patches or "holes" in the
sky. The most celebrated dark nebula is the Coal
Sack in the Southern Cross.
Until the 20th century, astronomers assumed that the
immense distance between stars was empty, in effect
a perfect vacuum. Numerous dark patches were
thought to be some sort of "holes in space" where
there were no stars. A few of these dark areas are
visible to the naked eye, in particular the "Coal Sack"
near the Southern Cross and the "Great Rift" in the
Milky Way. The Great Rift splits the luminous
background from Cygnus to Sagittarius through a
succession of large overlapping dark clouds in the
equatorial plane of the galaxy. It has been discovered
that these "holes in the stars" are in fact obscuring
225
12Ar12'18
07Ge25'08
18Ge41'44
22Ge22'16
08Cn05'37
17Li28'05
18Li35'58
05Sa33'20
21Sa25'32
10Cp29'06
20Aq58'22
07Pi00'45
20Pi43'58
Latitude
Name
+6207'58|Cepheus
+ 601'47|Taurus
-2803'23|Orion
-2522'19|Orion dark nebulae
-1313'25|S Monoceros
-1132'58|Coal sack
-5908'27|eta Carina
- 202'39|rho Ophiuchus
- 220'03|theta Ophiuchus
+1805'05|Scutum
+4731'49|52 Cygnus
+5904'19|North America
+6356'25|Cygnus
Planetary Nebulae
A Planetary Nebula, in essence, appears to be a
roughly spheroidal or ellipsoidal shell of gas with a
nuclear star in or close to its center. These nebulae
(planetaries) received their name not due to any
possible generic relationship to planets, but because
early observers, while searching for planets with
primitive telescopes, sometimes came across these
disc-like objects and they at first glance looked like
planets. The central star of a planetary is usually quite
dim. It is not often brighter than eleventh magnitude
and it is the exception that can be seen at all. The
body or expanded shell-like ring of gas of the nebula
is also faint and tends to blend into the sky
226
Zodiac
05Ar45'39
12Ar46'47
18Ar19'20
25Ar19'08
28Ar50'30
14Ta25'00
22Ta36'04
23Ge23'18
19Cn58'38
29Cn51'02
01Le00'21
08Le38'26
21Le24'33
14Vi29'16
22Vi24'07
28Li24'13
04Sa22'03
06Sa29'14
11Sa29'04
17Sa49'45
22Sa13'27
02Cp33'58
02Cp46'43
19Cp24'20
24Cp48'47
07Aq39'24
13Aq06'09
14Aq45'34
22Aq18'40
00Pi49'41
09Pi20'59
Latitude Name
-1438'58|NGC:
+4206'09|NGC:
+6643'33|NGC:
+5721'09|NGC:
+5634'34|NGC:
+3808'11|NGC:
+6026'46|NGC:
- 124'35|NGC:
- 024'56|NGC:
-3448'09|NGC:
-3846'19|NGC:
+8948'36|NGC:
+4533'30|NGC:
-2543'38|NGC:
-4645'41|NGC:
-5031'56|NGC:
+4521'48|NGC:
-3004'26|NGC:
-1701'09|NGC:
+1108'02|NGC:
+ 038'45|NGC:
+ 443'27|NGC:
+2950'59|NGC:
+5531'44|NGC:
+ 801'18|NGC:
+4203'29|NGC:
+3723'55|NGC:
+ 619'52|NGC:
+6938'36|NGC:
-1015'43|NGC:
+5508'59|NGC:
246,
7662,
7139,
* ,
7635,
650,
40,
1952,
2392,
2438,
2440,
6543,
3587,
3242,
3132,
3918,
6210,
,
6153,
6309,
6369,
6567,
6572,
6720,
6818,
6853,
6905,
7009,
6826,
7293,
7027,
Cet
And
Cep
Cep
Cas
Per
Cep
Tau
Gem
Pup
Pup
Dra
UMa
Hya
Ant
Cen
Her
Nor
Sco
Oph
Oph
Sgr
Oph
Lyr
Sgr
Vul
Del
Aqr
Cyg
Aqr
Cyg
* I 1470
M76 NGC 650-1
Ml Crab Nebula
227
230
Radio Sky
The above map was furnished through the courtesy of
the Ohio State Radio Observatory.
How are these different kinds of light generated?
Radio waves, the longest waves, are generated by
oscillating electric currents. The Short Wave or
Microwave has a wavelength similar to that of sound
through air. Infrared radiation (such as a hot stove) is
produced by heated solids or the molecular vibrations
and rotations in gases and liquids. Visible radiation is
produced by rearrangements of the outer electrons in
atoms. Ultra-violet light immediately joins the visible
spectrum. X-rays have wavelengths of the
approximate size of atoms and originate in the
rearrangement of the innermost electrons in atoms.
The gamma rays (?-rays) are the electromagnetic
waves of highest frequency (and thus the shortest
wavelength) and originate in the rearrangement of the
231
232
Supernova Remnants
## Zodiac
Latitude Name
R 27Ar09'25 +3320'59 1 M 31 Andromeda galaxy
R 12Ta09'49 +5344'24 2 Tycho's SN I remnant
supernova year 1572
R 11Aq48'28 -6445'25 6 Small Magellanic Cloud
R 20Ar15'10 + 533'27 7 Elliptical galaxy
R 26Ta30'38 +4754'35 8 Supernova Remnant
R 02Ta34'52 -5223'15 17 Fornax A, spiral galaxy NGC 1316
R 18Ge24'15 +2336'35 26 SN II, SN in galactic nebula
R 21Aq59'45 -8534'58 31 Centroid Large Magellanic Cloud
R 14Ge48'59 -5825'49 32 N galaxy (bright) NRAO 2068
R 23Ge23'55 - 117'41 33 Tau A, SN in Crab Nebula
R 22Ge20'35 -2750'56 34 Orion A, M 42= NGC 1976
emission nebula
R 24Ge19'31 -2325'07 35 Orion B, NGC 2024
emission nebula
R 02Vi47'19 -5937'14 44 Vela X
R 20Vi13'13 +2909'11 58 BZ 1215+30 rapid radio variable
R 05Sc41'11 -2957'38 63 Centaurus A
elliptical galaxy NGC 5128
R 18Sc23'25 -4555'19 64 Centaurus B
R 22Sa25'46 + 241'12 82 SN REM Kepler's supernova 1604 AD
R 26Sa12'30 - 340'37 83 Galactic Nucleus, Sagittarius A
R 21Ge15'29 +7629'18 100 3C 39O.3 N galaxy
(contains bright nucleus)
R 14Cp42'09 +2400'50 103 SN REM, supernova remnant
R 17Aq00'38 +5919'02 118 first localized source 1946
Cygnus A, Dumbell galaxy
R 26Aq14'33 +4532'36 126 Cygnus loop SN II
R 26Ar42'25 +5450'43 141 SN II Remnant
Cassiopeia A, 3C 461 (strongest source)
233
Radio Sources
By far the greatest amount of radio energy reaching
the Earth comes from the galactic plane and in
particular, the center of our galaxy. In addition to
these vast extended radio regions, many thousands
of discrete or point sources of radio emission have
been detected. These may be divided into three major
groups:
Objects within our solar system.
Objects within our galaxy.
Extragalactic objects.
236
238
Pulsars
In the late summer of 1967 radio astronomers
detected some very unusual signals consisting of
short pulses of radio noise arriving at approximately
one-second intervals. It was at first thought that
perhaps a secret Soviet space satellite had been
detected, but it was soon clear that the mysterious
pulsating radio source came from among the very
remote fixed stars. Detailed study proved the source
to be extremely precise and regular, more regular
than anything ever observed in nature. The next
theory was that we had detected signals from an
"alien" spacecraft or distant planet. By the spring of
1,968, three additional pulsating radio sources had
been discovered and today over 100 such sources
are known. In all cases, the periods of pulsation are
extremely regular (note the number of decimal places
listed in the table), with periods ranging from 1/30 of a
239
Pulsars
## Zodiac
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
23Ge23'51
02Cn35'53
13Cn29'51
03Vi42'49
09Le19'38
27Le00'40
17Vi27'21
07Li19'00
27Sa44'36
22Cp28'09
25Cp48'57
09Aq39'49
Latitude
- 118'03
- 053'13
+5242'12
-6113'21
-1155'02
- 437'26
+1209'40
+6713'10
- 428'27
+3801'57
+4327'58
+ 223'04
10
12
16
19
20
25
29
40
59
79
83
94
Name
240
Seyfert Galaxies
Seyfert Galaxies are a small class of galaxies (spirals)
that have very small, intensely bright nuclei, whose
broad emission lines (in spectrograms) indicate that
the atoms present are in a very high state of-activity.
They are powerful emitters of radio energy and
several emit an enormous amount of energy in the
infrared. They also emit in the ultraviolet.
The emission lines in Seyfert galaxies have only
modest red shifts. The very compact nuclei observed
in these galaxies indicate that the gases in them are
in a high state of excitation and are traveling at high
speed in clouds and filaments. It is now believed that
the intense outbursts of energy observed in Seyfert
galaxies may be normal to all galaxies and that even
our own galaxy may experience such a renewal, from
time to time.
241
07Ta37'19
27Ta42'46
06Ge47'21
29Le39'05
08Vi59'56
13Vi48'26
21Li00'15
19Pi35'29
Latitude
Name
242
X-Ray Points
## Zodiac
Latitude
Name
245
247
Infrared Points
Infrared radiation is below the visible spectrum (longer
wavelengths), but above the radio portion of the
spectrum. Infrared is considered to occur between
wavelengths of 1 micron and 1 millimeter. Absorption
by gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and
ozone prevent us from ground-based study of infrared
(IF) except through a few "windows."
Our body and the entire world radiate at IF
wavelengths and the problem facing infrared
astronomers has been described as "comparable to
that of an optical astronomer working in a lighted
dome with a luminescent telescope." The objects of
infrared study are cool, dim, and in general this
means either stars that are dying (cooling off) or those
stars that are just now forming and have not begun to
radiate at visible frequencies: proto-stars.
Only a small fraction of the 6000-odd stars visible to
the naked eye are prominent at IF wavelengths and
an entire new set of constellations appear. Infrared
radiation has been detected from the sun, moon, and
several planets, in particular, Jupiter. Beyond the
solar system, IF radiation has been associated with a
great many red-faint stars, planetary nebulae, the
galactic center, and other galaxies, in particular, the
Seyfert galaxies.
The most interesting IF research involves attempts to
discover the very young proto-stars in the vast dust
complexes that are known to be the birth places of
stellar bodies. The great Orion Nebula has received
much attention, and astronomers believe stars are
condensing and forming in these dark clouds at the
present time. Infrared astronomy is quite young at the
present time.
248
Latitude
Name
249
250
251
"Snickers"
A new member of our Local Group was discovered in
1975. It is a dwarf satellite of our galaxy, like the two
Magellanic Clouds, but is located at less than a third
of their distance! It has been hidden behind the rim or
equatorial plane of the galaxy, the very nearest part of
that rim, in Gemini and Auriga. It was detected only by
its rapidly moving hydrogen clouds. It is estimated
that 1 percent of the stars of magnitude 15 and below
which appear in this part of the Milky Way must really
belong to this new galaxy. The little galaxy is brushing
so close to the Milky Way that is has been torn out
into the shape of a long streamer by tidal forces;
252
253
258
260
Decl.
Long
Lat
MC
L2
B2
261
262
264
266
08Ar33'49
29Ar28'12
27Ta12'31
13Cn57'09
01Le54'44
15Le57'39
17Le14'54
25Le00'53
00Vi51'59
04Vi11'53
00Li00'26
01Li08'32
22Li35'45
02Sc01'33
08Sc45'16
24Sc37'36
17Aq46'39
20Pi40'05
22Pi07'08
Latitude
Object
-2154'29|Cluster A
+2359'01|Pisces
+2311'11|Perseus
+1311'41|Gemini
+ 156'39|Cancer
-1304'04|Hydra
+4547'47|UMa II
+4921'55|UMa I
+4056'15|UMa III
+ 158'43|Leo
+3141'15|Coma
+1440'09|Virgo
+4324'40|Bootes
-1922'50|Centaurus
+4316'38|Corona Borealis
+3703'47|Hercules
-3621'30|Cluster B
+1216'32|Pegasus II
+1119'40|Pegasus I
268
Galaxies
The existence of galaxies external to our own ("Island
Universes" as they were first called) was not
considered an established fact until the early 1900s.
The galactic nebulae (bright diffuse nebulae) and the
so-called external nebulae were thought of as one.
Today over a million external galaxies have been
counted and we are yet in the early stages of deep
space exploration. The astronomer Hubble introduced
a system of galaxy classification in 1925 that, with
some revision, is still in general use. It recognizes
three main classes of galaxies: (1) Elliptical shaped
galaxies, (2) Spiral shaped galaxies, and (3) Barred
spiral galaxies.
There are also a large group of galaxies that are
classified as "Irregular" in shape. Among the Spirals
there are three stages Sa, Sb and Sc and these are
distinguished according to the relative size of the
269
Galaxies Table
## Zodiac
Latitude Name
G 26Ar54'52 +3355'48 NGC 205
Local Group, Andromeda, A8
G 18Ar49'51 +3639'31 NGC 221
Local Group, M.32, And.,G3
G 27Ar09'25 +3320'59 NGC 224, M.31
Local Group, G5, And.
G 01Ar26'55 -2336'05 NGC 247,
Sculptor Group, Cetus, Em
G 08Ar55'46 -2109'08 Cluster A
400 galaxies
G 29Ar25'39 +2354'05 Pisces cluster
100 galaxies
G 27Ta37'33 +4140'45 Maffei I
270
271
272
Long
083 23 37|
324 43 24|
190 37 47|
247 48 16|
225 53-07|
265 00 47|
Lat
-01
+12
+35
-04
+19
-08
17
57
57
50
39
50
NGC
## Size
57|1952|PL|6x4
04|7089|GB|12
02|5272|GB|19
58|6121|GB|23
13|5904|GB|20
18|6405|CL|26
M
|9
|7
|7
|6
|6
|6
273
268
270
259
252
282
249
238
263
328
273
274
274
256
269
270
277
268
273
276
280
307
274
323
318
027
026
032
051
091
084
087
082
351
152
104
082
082
126
059
120
118
126
182
107
174
030
188
184
281
290
296
289
183
184
182
01
09
35
45
33
51
52
21
31
56
19
05
26
54
22
36
33
41
48
37
43
52
23
59
09
55
33
02
19
16
40
47
58
23
33
18
22
29
17
03
25
32
57
31
25
16
39
15
16
52
35
24
10
40
33
55|
34|
12|
22|
20|
52|
18|
15|
07|
22|
52|
06|
00|
29|
11|
12|
14|
23|
39|
30|
45|
33|
24|
45|
24|
59|
09|
23|
16|
18|
25|
59|
40|
17|
22|
24|
14|
47|
31|
02|
40|
13|
10|
22|
34|
40|
39|
33|
20|
13|
37|
33|
22|
17|
27|
-11
-00
+04
+18
+16
+20
+57
+20
+25
+09
+07
+06
-03
+00
+00
-00
+04
+04
+03
+13
+42
-01
+55
-08
+33
+32
+19
+25
+00
+10
+09
+12
+57
+54
-43
-28
-28
+01
+04
-55
-35
-25
+10
-30
+50
+56
+23
+14
-07
-09
+51
+55
+14
+14
+06
22
56
35
26
35
16
51
05
28
35
10
14
26
24
56
44
26
57
59
35
15
32
25
44
20
59
21
41
54
47
06
34
41
17
33
40
34
33
02
35
31
01
17
47
56
45
51
50
35
20
49
32
33
54
17
13|6475|CL|50
16|6523|DI|90x40
03|6333|GB|6
04|6254|GB|12
11|6705|CL|12
15|6218|GB|12
03|6205|GB|23
06|6402|GB|7
37|7078|GB|12
28|6611|CL|8
43|6618|DI|46x37
08|6613|CL|7
50|6273|GB|5
45|6514|Di|29x27
43|6531|CL|12
25|6656|GB|17
17|6494|CL|27
46|6603|CL|4
32|4725|CL|35
56|6694|CL|9
26|6853|PL|8x4
43|6626|GB|15
13|6913|CL|7
20|7099|GB|9
59| 224|SP|l6Ox40
47| 221|EL|3x2
15| 598|SP|6Ox4O
04|1039|CL|30
39|2168|CL|29
22|1960|CL|16
34|2099|CL|24
15|1912|CL|18
09|7092|CL|32
57|none|2 stars
48|2287|CL|32
54|1976|DI|66x6O
04|1982|Di|2Oxl5
45|2632|CL|90
39|none|CL|120
01|2437|CL|27
51|2422|CL|25
38|2548|CL|30
39|4472|EL|4x4
43|2323|CL|16
08|5194/SP|12x6
33|7654|CL| 13
10|5024|GB| 14
42|4621|EL| 3x2
42|6715|GB| 6
35|6809|GB| 15
15|6779|GB| 5
35|6720|PL| lxl
38|4579|SP| 4x3
44|4649|EL| 4x3
10|4303|SP| 6x6
|5
|6
|8
|7
|6
|7
|6
|9
|7
|7
||7
|8
||7
|6
|7
|6
|6
|8
|8
|8
|7
|8
|4
|9
|6
|6
|6
|6
|6
|7
|5
|
|6
|||4
||7
|5
|6
|9
|6
|9
|8
| 8
|10
| 8
| 6
| 9
| 9
|10
|10
|10
274
256
175
183
164
165
131
199
276
278
304
311
312
027
298
044
037
085
077
245
118
118
212
179
177
180
181
180
182
182
183
249
123
170
157
157
141
176
177
178
173
32
37
14
42
02
14
15
00
32
38
33
49
27
20
08
32
41
12
44
47
16
54
50
35
04
21
46
23
25
08
55
33
50
20
56
56
24
45
05
39
05|
26|
16|
13|
13|
37|
35|
14|
47|
29|
53|
51|
08|
28|
57|
18|
49|
27|
11|
41|
56|
28|
29|
50|
21|
39|
23|
45|
06|
57|
09|
06|
56|
05|
56|
29|
16|
01|
09|
16|
-07
+45
+25
+07
+08
-05
-20
-09
-09
+38
+04
+04
+05
-01
+37
-15
-23
-47
-01
+51
+52
-18
+14
+19
+14
+14
+16
+15
+15
+13
+65
-44
+42
+03
+03
+44
+15
+15
+16
+59
19
14
26
59
01
37
37
05
12
48
46
18
19
36
43
02
21
35
37
34
07
21
18
09
27
25
23
02
42
56
52
15
00
23
46
59
01
04
45
47
30|6266|GB|6
18|5055|SP|8x3
22|4826|SP|8x4
23|3623|SP|8k2
21|3627|SP|8x2
07|2682|CL|18
15|4590|GB|9
02|6637|GB|4
02|6681|GB|4
07|6838|GB|6
04|6981|GB|5
15|6994|CL|35| 628|SP|8x8
03|6864|GB|5
51|650 |PL|2xl
51|1068|SP|2x2
12|2068|Di|8x6
37|1904|GB|8
26|6093|GB|5
30|3031|SP|16xlO
29|3034|IR|7x2
50|5236|SP|lOx8
26|4374|EL|3x3
09|4382|EL|4x2
44|4406|EL|4x3
03|4486|EL|3x3
31|4501|SP|6x3
49|4552|EL|2x2
50|4569|SP|6x3
55|4567|SP|25|6341|GB|12
20|2447|CL|18
59|4736|SP|5x4
33|3351|SP|3x3
02|3368|SP|7x4
51|3587|PL|3x3
23|4192|SP|8x2
45|4254|SP|4x4
44|4321|SP|5x5
22|5457|SP|22x22
| 7
| 9
| 8
|10
| 9
| 7
| 9
| 8
| 8
| 8
| 9
| |10
| 9
|11
|10
| 8
| 8
|18
| 7
| 9
| 8
|10
|10
|10
|10
|10
|11
|10
|10
| 7
| 6
| 9
|10
|10
|11
|10
|10
|10
| 8
275
186
048
193
157
159
247
140
150
07
42
02
53
40
45
53
42
46|
24|
20|
07|
23|
21|
58|
57|
+67
+46
-06
+04
+44
+08
+45
+47
05
17
44
34
09
46
17
12
|10
| 7
| 8
|10
| 9
| 9
|10
|10
276
08 Local system's
351 53 10Dec -29
340 22 03Lat -23
352 10 01GLon 022
South PoleR.A.
20 32Long
36 60MC
00 00GLat -72 00 00
System
45 08Dec
000 00 00MC
-16 22 08
277
278
Our Galaxy
13 North Pole
192 15 00Dec
179 19 15Lat
193 18 53GLon
of GalaxyR.A.
+27 24 00Long
+29 48 43MC
033 00 00GLat +90 00 00
14 South Pole
012 15 00Dec
359 19 15Lat
013 18 53GLon
of GalaxyR.A.
-27 24 00Long
-29 48 43MC
033 00 00GLat -90 00 00
280
Our SuperGalaxy
19 SuperGalactic North Pole R.A.
283 11 22Dec +15 38 39Long
286 16 11Lat +38 20 52MC
282 08 03GLon 047 22 12GLat +06 19 12
20 SuperGalactic South PoleR.A.
283 11 22Dec -15 38 39Long
106 16 11Lat -38 20 52MC
102 08 03GLon 227 22 12GLat -06 19 12
21 Ascending SuperGalactic Node to
EclipticR.A. 014 59 22Dec
+06 24 00Long 016 16 11Lat 000 00 00MC
016 16 11GLon 127 53 05GLat -56 05 47
22 Descending SuperGalactic Node to
EclipticR.A. 194 59 22Dec 06 24 00Long 196 16 11Lat 000 00 00MC
196 16 11GLon 307 53 05GLat +56 05 47
281
282
Intersections
25 Intersection of Galactic and
SuperGalactic EquatorsR.A. 041 12 49Dec
+59 21 19Long 059 28 47Lat +40 58 19MC
043 40 18GLon 137 17 24GLat 000 00 00
26 Intersection of Galactic and
SuperGalactic Equators/td> R.A.
221 12 49Dec -59 21 19Long
239 28 47Lat -40 58 19MC
223 40 18GLon 317 17 24GLat 000 00 00
27 Intersection Local System and
Galactic EquatorsR.A. 169 21 06Dec 60 38 02Long 208 40 43Lat -56 40 43MC
168 25 06GLon 292 00 00GLat 000 00 00
28 Intersection Local System and
Galactic EquatorsR.A. 349 21 06Dec
+60 38 02Long 028 40 43Lat +56 40 43MC
348 25 06GLon 112 00 00GLat 000 00 00
283
Cosmic Centers
29 Centroid of Local
134 10 54Dec -50 08
165 24 57Lat -62 30
131 43 12GLon 270 00
SystemR.A.
36Long
54MC
00GLat -03 00 00
285
286
287
290
292
293
294
296
298
301
304
306
307
308
309
311
312
313
315
316
318
320
322
Circles of Latitude
Each place and city on this Earth is located at a
specific latitude, somewhere between the equator and
the North and South poles. Ann Arbor, Michigan,
where I used to live, is located at some 42 latitude,
north of the equator. In fact, there is a circle of cities
at 42 latitude that stretch across the U.S.A. and on
around the Earth. Thus there are other cities on the
globe that also are located at 42 north geographic
latitude.
Now the interesting fact about the relation between
geographic latitude and declination in the equatorial
sphere is that there exists a circle of stars on the
celestial sphere located at a declination that matches
the geographic latitude of your home. This circle of
declination and the stars at 42 of declination are the
only stars that ever pass directly (by zenith transit)
overhead your town. Thus, each parallel of
323
324
325
326
327
Longitude Meridian
We have seen how there is a circle of stars on the
celestial sphere that equals the circle of geographic
latitude for any spot on Earth. We can do the same for
the geographic longitude factor. In fact we do this
each time we cast a natal chart and locate the Local
Sidereal Time (LST) or Right Ascension of the MidHeaven (RAMC). We stop the Earth's motion and hold
it still (frozen in time) to see what part of the heavens
is overhead our birth place. Another way of saying
this: we determine in what direction of the heavenly
sphere the Earth was pointed or oriented.
Once we have found the LST or RAMC for a birth, we
can look up the equivalent Midheaven (M.C.),
ascendant, and house-cusps in any table-of-houses.
We can also look up the direction of the heavens "outthere" or overhead on the star maps elsewhere in this
section. Your LST. (Local Sidereal time) may be
328
329
Meridian Alignment
For those of you with access to a standard star map,
you might like to look up your RAMC or LST and
locate the right-ascension meridian that was overhead
at your birth, which gives you the direction in space to
which your birth location was pointed or oriented. All
stars and points along the line of right ascension
running from top to bottom on this map were in line
with the geographic meridian for your birth. The
diagram will illustrate this:
1. Ann Arbor is located along the 42nd parallel of
Earth latitude.
2. The North/South geographic meridian (red arc)
passes through Ann Arbor.
3. This geographic meridian equals is then
projected onto the Equatorial Celestial Sphere.
330
331
Horizon Coordinates
In the Horizon system a plane through the observing
point parallel to the horizon is the plane of reference.
The poles are the Zenith (point overhead) and the
Nadir (point underfoot). The vertical circle through a
celestial object (such as a star) and the zenith is the
Object Circle. The coordinates are given (for the
object) by Azimuth, which is the horizontal angle (A in
the diagram) measured from an arbitrary reference
direction East in our case counterclockwise to the
object circle) and the Altitude (a), which is the
elevation angle measured upward from the horizon to
the object). The great circle through the north and
south points and the zenith is the Meridian, and the
great circle through the east and west points and the
zenith is the Prime Vertical. Circles of parallel altitude
to the horizon that are not great circles are called
Almucantars.
332
334
336
339
340
343
Equatorial Coordinates
In this system, the Earth's Equator is the plane of
reference. The poles are at the intersection of the
Earth's pole and the pole of the celestial sphere, an
imaginary surface at an infinite distance with the Earth
as its center. This is true for all points on the Earth,
latitude and longitude. The poles are the North
Celestial Pole (NCP) and South Celestial Pole (SCP).
The circle at the intersection of the plane of the
Earths equator and the celestial sphere is the
Celestial Equator.
The great circle through the celestial poles and the
object (such as a star) is the object's Hour Circle and
the great circle which passes through the celestial
poles and the zenith is the Meridian Circle. The
coordinates in this system are given by Declination
(angle between the celestial equator and the object)
and the Right Ascension (angle measured from an
344
345
346
347
348
349
353
355
356
357
359
Pleiades Map
The diagram (above) shows how the Pleiades may be
related to five different coordinate systems:
Locate the Zodiac, Celestial Equator, Galactic
Equator, Supergalactic Equator, and the equator of
the Local System. The dotted lines (and squares)
represent a right-angled projection of the position of
the Pleiades to the various reference planes.
Where the Galactic and Supergalactic equators
intersect and cross (toward the upper part of the
chart), if this point is projected unto the zodiac, this is
the Pleiades star group, the seven sisters, which is
also the guiding impulse for this book, and the stars
shown on the cover.
360
362
363
365
The Poles
A north and south pole were also projected that "fit"
the equator. The equatorial plane and the poles
defined, there remains but one other step to perform:
pick a point in space along this plane from which to
measure longitude.
366
Local Attraction
As we look into the Sun during the course of a year
and describe the qualities of those who are born in
the various signs, we succeed in defining NOT the
position of the Sun, but that of the Earth in relation to
the Sun. We all know this.
This illustrates an important axiom: All inquiry into
greater centers does not reveal the nature of that
center (in itself), but rather reveals our relationship to
that center, reveals something about ourselves. In
other words:
Centers serve to mirror or reflect.
Their function is to reveal to us not their intrinsic
nature, but our own. Revelation is (and has always
been) the sign of communication with greater centers
or planes. Revelation, not of some far off distant
371
373
374
So Inclined
"As Above ,So Below, but after another manner,"
familiar as an occult maxim, might be the perfect
description of what is involved in understanding the
various astrological coordinate systems and their
transformations. It is easy to communicate the
concept of "wheels within wheels" (larger systems
containing within them nested smaller systems), and
this has resulted in the popular idea of the chakras or
planes (planets) of our experience and Self as an
ascending hierarchy of levels, each inclusive of the
preceding level.
What is not generally appreciated, but which becomes
increasingly clear when we examine the actual
structure of the various cosmic systems is not only the
idea of larger systems embracing the small systems
within them (levels), but the fact that each larger
system is also differently inclined to the preceding
one. It should be understood that aside from the
often tedious mathematics involved in coordinate
transformations, there is an accompanying
philosophical or psychological adjustment to be made,
376
380
CG Clusters of Galaxies
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG
08Ar33'49
29Ar28'12
27Ta12'31
13Cn57'09
01Le54'44
15Le57'39
17Le14'54
25Le00'53
00Vi51'59
04Vi11'53
00Li00'26
01Li08'32
22Li35'45
02Sc01'33
08Sc45'16
24Sc37'36
17Aq46'39
20Pi40'05
22Pi07'08
-2154'29
+2359'01
+2311'11
+1311'41
+ 156'39
-1304'04
+4547'47
+4921'55
+4056'15
+ 158'43
+3141'15
+1440'09
+4324'40
-1922'50
+4316'38
+3703'47
-3621'30
+1216'32
+1119'40
Cluster A
Pisces
Perseus
Gemini
Cancer
Hydra
UMa II
UMa I
UMa III
Leo
Coma
Virgo
Bootes
Centaurus
Corona Borealis
Hercules
Cluster B
Pegasus II
Pegasus I
CS Cosmic Structure
CS 00Ar00'00 - 000'00
Equinox, Spring
CS 12Ar12'28 - 502'05
Ascending Supergalactic Node to Equator
CS 16Ar29'47 + 032'36
Ascending Supergalactic Node to Ecliptic
CS 27Ar09'29 +3320'55
Center of Local Group Galaxies
CS 28Ar19'04 +5628'44
Intersect Local System & Galactic Equator
381
382
DI Diffuse Nebulae
DI 23Ar28'03 +7237'20
NGC 7023, Cepheus
DI 29Ar26'17 +5802'53
NGC 7538, Cepheus
DI 09Ta28'09 +4553'59
NGC 281, Cassiopeia
DI 13Ta06'13 +5736'28
NGC 7538, Cepheus
DI 13Ta13'27 +4847'22
IC 59, gamma Cassiopeia
DI 27Ta53'46 +4322'19
IC 1805, Cassiopeia
DI 28Ta58'05 + 357'44
IC 349, 23 Taurus, MEROPE
DI 00Ge39'58 +4212'53
IC 1848, Cassiopeia
DI 00Ge42'22 +1229'41
IC 8, omicron Perseus
DI 05Ge15'23 +1507'02
IC 1499, Perseus, California Nebula
DI 18Ge21'38 -2531'29
Orion
DI 21Ge24'40 +1040'47
IC 410, Auriga
DI 21Ge34'17 +1050'39
IC 417, Auriga
DI 22Ge22'42 -2729'38
NGC 1976, Great Nebula in Orion, M.42
DI 22Ge24'18 -2731'13
NGC 1980, Orion
DI 22Ge25'54 -2732'48
NGC 1982, Orion, M.43
DI 22Ge48'58 -2342'33
NGC 1990, epsilon Orion
DI 24Ge05'53 -2459'19
IC 434, zeta Orion, Horsehead Nebula
DI 24Ge21'11 -2411'50
NGC 2024, zeta Orion
DI 25Ge41'50 -2320'21
NGC 2068, Orion, M.78
DI 01Cn34'08 - 245'50
NGC 2174-5, Orion
DI 07Cn47'55 -1850'53
383
DN Dark Nebulae
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
12Ar12'18
07Ge25'08
18Ge41'44
22Ge22'16
08Cn05'37
17Li28'05
18Li35'58
05Sa33'20
21Sa25'32
10Cp29'06
20Aq58'22
+6207'58
+ 601'47
-2803'23
-2522'19
-1313'25
-1132'58
-5908'27
- 202'39
- 220'03
+1805'05
+4731'49
Cepheus
Taurus
Orion
Orion dark nebulae
S Monoceros
Coal sack
eta Carina
rho Ophiuchus
theta Ophiuchus
Scutum
52 Cygnus
384
North America
Cygnus
EB Eclipsing Binaries
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
EB
28Ar13'27 +5432'57
25Ta17'48 +2154'22
28Ta36'06 +5952'38
29Ta57'35 - 750'44
05Ge43'19 +4959'36
11Ge20'16 +6310'28
20Ge29'56 +1040'20
22Ge03'38 -2359'55
06Cn14'35 + 900'36
22Le59'18 +3415'47
23Le53'50 -6616'04
02Sc07'55 +7624'06
Dwarf eclipsing binary
11Sc56'05 +4338'32
14Sc22'07 + 858'09
13Sa02'56 +5640'12
17Sa21'15 +2426'40
20Sa20'13 -1030'34
26Cp58'48 + 719'37
28Pi11'08 +5201'14
AR Cassiopeia
beta Perseus, ALGOL
YZ Cassiopeia
lamda Taurus
RZ Cassiopeia
U Cecheus
AR Auriga
VV Orion
WW Auriga
TX Ursa Major
V Puppis
CM Draconis
alpha Corona Borealis
delta Libra
u Hercules
U Ophiuchus
RS Sagittarius
V 505 Sagittarius
AR Lacerta
FL Flare Stars
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
00Ar52'53
05Ar35'37
12Ar30'31
15Ar45'31
26Cn47'48
27Le57'11
28Le48'19
27Sc50'31
22Pi00'52
+2040'43
+4702'11
-2351'57
+5912'15
-1736'24
+3418'32
+ 856'13
-4353'32
+ 057'33
EQ Pegasus B
EV Lacerta
UV Ceti
DO Cepheus
YZ Canis Minor
WX Ursa Major
AD Leo
alpha Centaurus C
Jun 7, 1976, unusual flare
G Galaxies
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
01Ar49'59 -2250'49
09Ar00'13 -2059'45
14Ar57'12 - 440'47
18Ar08'39 -1423'31
18Ar27'50 +3608'10
20Ar26'08 - 223'09
21Ar03'23 -1917'08
22Ar31'03 -4547'29
Local Group, A0237-34
22Ar31'36 + 048'53
26Ar54'22 +3354'51
27Ar09'29 +3320'55
Local Group, G5, And.
27Ar26'24 + 517'39
385
27Ar47'40 -5547'37
29Ar28'12 +2359'01
29Ar46'51 +2614'06
Andromeda, F8
G 00Ta01'03 +4047'45
G 00Ta24'16 -7250'16
G 00Ta27'34 -7241'39
G 00Ta38'29 -6232'28
galaxies
G 00Ta41'33 +3948'50
Cassiopeia,GO
G 02Ta01'36 -7305'31
G 02Ta42'29 +1941'54
G 02Ta51'20 -5201'03
G 03Ta41'29 -5130'36
G 04Ta38'25 -2156'56
G 05Ta05'60 -7802'40
G 06Ta21'51 -5243'14
G 06Ta44'17 +5044'09
G 07Ta37'19 -1448'14
G 07Ta39'13 -1359'51
G 08Ta02'53 -5144'40
G 08Ta18'15 -1340'46
G 08Ta34'21 -1507'58
G 08Ta51'39 -1411'54
G 08Ta58'00 -5126'14
G 08Ta59'14 -7308'38
G 09Ta01'48 -5133'39
G 11Ta22'12 -3736'09
G 12Ta05'36 -3712'52
G 16Ta55'14 -3545'37
G 17Ta23'59 +2711'28
G 27Ta12'31 +2311'11
G 27Ta28'07 +4125'11
G 27Ta42'46 +2202'19
G 28Ta32'20 +4128'42
G 11Ge06'13 -5607'51
G 11Ge43'50 +4613'09
G 19Ge34'37 +8203'31
G 04Cn39'08 -4357'55
G 06Cn38'23 - 829'57
1975, 55,000 1.y.
G 10Cn23'47 +4712'19
Camelopardalis
G 12Cn57'37 +4235'01
Camelopardalis
G 13Cn57'09 +1311'41
G 16Cn17'31 +4852'02
G 19Cn47'18 +5412'28
G 25Cn30'52 +5218'41
G 28Cn12'52 +5045'19
G 28Cn14'37 +5209'27
G 28Cn17'10 +5203'18
G 28Cn33'28 +4204'31
G 28Cn58'08 +5143'27
386
01Le54'44 + 156'39
04Le47'23 +3401'46
05Le39'28 +1503'09
09Le22'23 -2642'07
14Le05'16 -6637'10
14Le37'16 +6016'24
15Le57'39 -1304'04
16Le35'30 +1700'50
17Le14'54 +4547'47
Cluster of 200 galaxies
17Le51'53 + 608'49
19Le42'14 +2843'10
20Le44'10 +1629'52
21Le29'54 +4438'30
25Le00'53 +4921'55
25Le05'19 -2530'06
27Le26'07 +1653'02
27Le29'36 +1113'26
28Le56'31 +3157'01
29Le04'01 + 040'57
Leo I = Regulus System
29Le35'15 - 641'22
29Le39'05 + 910'60
29Le47'55 +2401'17
00Vi37'39 +4716'60
00Vi51'59 +4056'15
03Vi27'08 - 646'14
04Vi01'46 +6506'55
04Vi11'20 + 157'26
05Vi07'15 +2001'19
05Vi14'22 -1729'03
05Vi17'23 -1338'51
05Vi49'55 + 555'22
06Vi01'39 + 624'23
07Vi10'39 + 531'22
07Vi34'33 + 247'48
07Vi57'41 + 344'08
08Vi05'37 + 403'33
08Vi10'22 + 415'13
08Vi30'48 +7324'35
08Vi59'56 +3946'28
09Vi40'45 +1601'17
Leo B = DDO 93
10Vi01'19 +4346'21
10Vi56'06 -4034'57
11Vi12'39 - 117'04
11Vi18'20 +3451'53
12Vi09'38 +1233'49
12Vi17'25 -3348'38
12Vi24'18 +5903'47
13Vi48'26 +3601'31
13Vi52'27 +4224'18
14Vi49'22 +1753'45
14Vi49'34 + 742'21
14Vi59'24 + 807'45
387
388
07Li13'50 +1826'15
GR8 = DDO 155 = A1256+14
07Li15'08 +6831'23
NGC 5907, CVn Group, Dra
07Li19'31 +6636'39
NGC 5866, M.102, Draco
08Li58'48 -2551'07
NGC 3923, Hydra
12Li37'54 - 547'48
NGC 4594, Virgo Cluster
M104,Vit
G 21Li00'15 +3655'44
NGC 5548, Seyfert galaxy, Boo
G 22Li35'45 +4324'40
Bootes Cluster of
G 28Li38'09 -2211'22
Hardcastle Nebula, A1310-32
G 00Sc37'00 +1711'37
NGC 5566, Vir III Cloud
G 01Sc36'51 -1827'34
Centaurus Cluster
300 galaxies
G 02Sc29'20 -1724'02
NGC 5236, M.83, Hydra
G 03Sc45'56 -1844'16
NGC 5253, Centaurus
G 05Sc50'20 -3017'31
NGC 5128, Centaurus A
G 05Sc55'59 -3807'36
NGC 4945, Centaurus
G 06Sc52'09 +1500'32
NGC 5713, Vir III Cloud, Vir
G 08Sc45'16 +4316'38
Corona Borealis Cluster
400 galaxies
G 13Sc13'45 +1735'25
NGC 5846, Vir III Cloud, Vir
G 14Sc08'01 +5450'57
NGC 6207, Hercules Supergalaxy
G 14Sc35'43 +2257'34
''Shane' Cloud of galaxies
G 19Sc22'52 + 256'12
Fath 703, A1511-15
G 21Sc27'02 +3940'16
NGC 6027 A-D, Sefert Sextet
G 24Sc37'36 +3703'47
Hercules Cluster of 300 galaxies
G 26Sc50'32 +8004'06
Draco dwarf
Local Group, DDO 208
G 27Sc20'25 -4716'40
Circinus galaxy, A1409-65
G 27Sc50'54 +6733'03
Zwicky Triplet, A1648+45
G 22Sa43'16 -3755'41
NGC 6300, Ara
G 16Cp17'43 -4842'14
NGC 6876, Pavo
G 22Cp42'47 -2653'13
NGC 6861, Telescopium
G 25Cp00'42 + 744'01
NGC 6822, Local Group, Sag. G
10Aq13'03 -2654'27
NGC 7079, Grus
G 10Aq27'29 -6442'09
Small Magellanic Cloud, SMC,
G 12Aq19'54 -3552'51
IC 5152, Local Group?, Indus
G 13Aq17'03 -8540'12
Large Magellanic Cloud
Local Group
G 15Aq43'49 -3223'18
NGC 7213, Grus
G 18Aq19'60 -3527'56
Cluster B of 300 galaxies
G 20Aq17'07 -2815'47
NGC 7599, Grus
G 01Pi20'23 -3306'32
Grus Cluster, Gru
G 01Pi28'21 -3349'05
Grus Cluster, Gru
G 02Pi03'46 -3305'19
Grus Cluster, Gru
G 14Pi12'11 -2516'57
NGC 7755, Sculptor Group, Scl
G 15Pi06'48 -2828'47
NGC 7793, Sculptor Group,
G 15Pi16'58 -3541'40
NGC 55, Sculptor Group
G 19Pi35'29 +1322'11
NGC 7469, Seyfert galaxy
In Pegasus
G 20Pi40'05 +1216'32
Pegasus II Cluster of galaxy
G 21Pi35'23 -3240'28
NGC 134, Sculptor
G 21Pi49'17 +1715'35
NGC 7479, Pegasus
G 22Pi07'08 +1119'40
Pegasus I Cluster
100 galaxies
G 23Pi01'56 -2159'33
NGC 45, Cetus, SP=Em
389
23Pi16'26 +1101'21
23Pi24'26 +1104'29
23Pi26'45 +1105'23
23Pi37'27 +1155'02
23Pi44'44 +1112'26
23Pi50'28 -1332'23
Nebula,A2359-15
25Pi11'15 -3754'00
25Pi20'59 +3850'49
26Pi00'45 +7131'55
28Pi07'25 +1639'49
A2326+14
28Pi33'31 -3506'32
Local Group
29Pi59'42 -2637'16
GA Galactic Associations
GA 27Ge02'56 +4548'41
NGC 1961 -- contains 3 superassociations
GA 02Cn48'08 +6228'31
NGC 2276 -- contains 3 superassociations
GA 11Cn02'33 +8034'09
NGC 6412 -- 1 superassociation
GA 17Cn43'23 +7628'41
NGC 6217 -- 4 superassociations
GA 07Vi57'46 + 535'59
NGC 3395 -- contains 4 superassociations
GA 14Vi34'08 +2916'30
NGC 3991 -- contains 2 superassociations
GA 23Vi17'27 +6531'23
NGC 5678 -- 2 superassociations
GA 04Li58'47 + 648'48
NGC 4496 -- contains 1 superassociation
GA 21Pi53'54 +2017'29
NGC 7448 -- 2 superassociations
GC Galactic Clusters
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
10Ge14'60 -6144'04
17Ge21'00 -4635'02
18Cn57'14 +1747'57
23Vi57'22 +1802'17
00Li24'06 -5118'35
08Li34'22 +2401'39
10Li26'21 +3615'24
Canes Venatici
14Li19'10 -7014'30
16Li17'21 +3821'15
18Li41'22 -1927'15
08Sc54'59 -3458'48
omega Centaurus, one of
14Sc40'42 - 922'04
perhaps escaping galaxy
NGC
NGC
NGC
NGC
NGC
NGC
NGC
1851,
1904,
2419,
4147,
3201,
5024,
5272,
Columba
M.79, Lepus
Lynx
Coma Berenices
Vela
Coma Berenices
M.3, old cluster
390
IF Infrared Points
IF 08Ar55'45 +6409'20
mu Cepheus, M supergiant, Late-Type star
IF 12Ar55'19 -6035'52
R Horologium, OH source with IF excess
IF 21Ar01'29 -7918'53
R Dorado, 2nd strongest at 2 microns
IF 01Ta10'35 -1459'57
391
392
LG Local Group
LG
LG
LG
LG
LG
LG
LG
LG
LG
LG
LG
LG
14Ar57'12
21Ar52'31
26Ar36'08
26Ar54'22
27Ar09'29
29Ar46'51
00Ta01'03
00Ta41'33
02Ta42'29
06Ta44'17
27Ta28'07
28Ta32'20
- 440'47
-4641'14
+3227'52
+3354'51
+3320'55
+2614'06
+4047'45
+3948'50
+1941'54
+5044'09
+4125'11
+4128'42
IC 1613
Fornax system
M.32 galaxy
near galaxy, part of Local Group
M.31 Andromeda galaxy
Andromeda NGC 404
galaxy in Local Group
galaxy in Local Group
M.33 Tri nebula
IC 10
Maffei I
Maffei II IC 1805
393
MC Moving Clusters
MC 20Ge52'45 -6617'23
Pleiades Moving Cluster
MC 23Ge39'42 -4120'17
Orion Moving Cluster, 100x70x60 parsecs diameter
MC 02Cn59'37 -1125'01
Hyades Moving Cluster, 250 parsecs diameter
MC 05Cn17'15 -1921'23
Praesepe Moving Cluster, about 10 parsecs diameter
MC 17Cn25'28 -4639'53
Perseus Moving Cluster
MC 06Le27'14 -6803'24
Sco-Cen, Scorpio-Centuarus Moving Cluster, 90x300
MC 25Le04'20 -6437'56
Coma Berenices Moving Cluster
MC 28Cp36'54 -1657'56
Ursa Major-Sirius Group Moving Clusters
ME Meteors
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
00Ta30'44
18Ta15'32
22Ta13'47
24Ta53'25
01Ge49'20
04Ge22'44
26Ge12'25
27Ge11'49
03Cn52'38
13Cn19'26
19Cn40'08
25Cn51'25
+1628'49
+ 558'15
- 428'48
+ 203'55
+3846'48
+ 200'32
- 423'44
- 225'08
- 723'40
-1450'55
+1006'34
+6901'51
Andromedids
Daytime Arietids
S. Taurids
N. Taurids
Pereids
Daytime Perseids
beta Taurids-Day
chi Orionids
Orionids
Monocerotids
Geminids
Ursids
394
14Le08'41
26Le10'57
01Li09'29
22Li05'17
14Sa00'26
00Cp00'00
08Aq47'06
19Aq33'26
01Pi15'44
04Pi14'38
04Pi28'04
07Pi46'55
08Pi43'17
+4220'53
+ 948'53
+ 451'46
+6220'35
+7706'53
+5626'53
+ 821'03
+7609'35
+ 626'36
- 734'37
- 426'02
+ 918'51
+ 333'37
Whipple II
Leonids
Virginids
Quadrantids
Draconids
Lyrids
alpha Caricornids
Kappa Cygnids
N. iota Aquarids
S. delta Aquarids
S. iota Aquarids
eta Aquarids
N. delta Aquarids
MS Magnetic Stars
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
16Ar10'40
27Ar03'58
13Ge51'60
17Ge56'04
13Cn33'43
18Cn06'49
29Cn08'35
07Sc43'34
06Pi19'35
+5614'26
- 147'03
+ 706'22
+1051'40
-2318'06
+3844'54
+2111'13
- 406'03
+6901'24
215 441
10 783
32 633
32 633
50 169
53
71 866
125 248
192 678
N Novae
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
10Ar37'33 +5855'28
Nova 1936 Lacerta CP
10Ar59'32 +5443'44
Nova 1910 Lacerta No. 1
15Ar22'58 +5430'30
Nova 1950 Lacerta
26Ar36'08 +3227'52
885 Andromeda (S)
11Ta40'24 +5330'54
Nova Cassiopeia (8) 1572
20Ta34'50 +4108'29
Nova 1887 Persei No. 1 (V)
00Ge52'15 +2416'31
Nova 1901 Persei No. 2 (GK)
19Ge28'48 - 655'36
Nova 1927 (XX Tau) rapid development
23Ge12'51 + 656'08
Nova 1891 Auriga (T)
08Cn54'41 + 707'07
Nova 1903 Gemini No. 1
10Cn59'22 + 958'08
Nova 1912 Gemini No. 2
11Cn13'48 -2320'51
Nova 1939(8T) Monoceros rapid early development
23Cn39'37 -2648'29
Nova 1918 (GI) Monoceros Rapid early development
395
12Le41'47 -8353'33
Nova 1925 Pictoris (RR)
13Le18'28 -4432'47
Nova 1902 DY Puppis
01Vi01'16 -4554'18
Novae 1890, 1902, 1920, 1941 T Pyxis
23Vi57'10 +5938'47
Nova 1970G NGC 5457
20Li34'04 -5828'43
Nova eta Carina
26Li42'17 -5735'20
Nova 1895 Carina (RS)
02Sc29'20 -1724'02
1968 NGC 5236
03Sc44'04 -1843'23
Nova 1895 Centaurus No. 2
19Sc16'29 +4533'29
Nova 1866 Coronae (T) also 1946
19Sc19'37 +3334'20
Nova 1948 (CT) Serpens, rapid early development
29Sc04'52 +2708'59
Nova 1866 Scorpio (U) 1906, 1936
02Sa12'41 -2939'18
Nova 1893 Norma (R)
02Sa16'10 -4658'50
Nova 1926 X Circinus. slow development
05Sa29'54 - 018'05
Nova 1860 Scorpio (T)
13Sa20'03 -6219'51
Nova 1953 RR Chamaeleon
14Sa14'42 +1120'26
Nova 1848, Ophiuchus No. 2
14Sa59'20 - 620'20
Nova 1917 Ophiuchus No.5
15Sa18'41 -2849'53
Nova 1910 Ara
21Sa35'52 -1147'41
Nova 1944 V 696 Scorpio
26Sa44'23 +1732'16
Nova 1898, 1933, 1958 RS Ophiuchus
27Sa35'59 -1043'32
Nova 1950 V 720 Scorpio
28Sa24'21 - 247'12
Nova 1936 V 732 Sagittarius rapid early development
29Sa06'30 -1228'49
Nova 1954 V 1275 Sagittarius
29Sa17'53 - 545'14
Nova 1937 V 787 Sagittarius
29Sa18'14 - 246'43
Nova 1910 Sagittarius No. 2
01Cp09'56 - 955'57
Nova 1936 Sagittarius
01Cp14'57 - 800'29
Nova 1905 V 1015 Sagittarius, early rapid development
02Cp04'43 -1102'41
396
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
397
18Aq15'39 +3459'16
Nova 1967 Delphinus HR
20Aq30'53 +5438'41
Nova 1600, Cygnus No. 1 (P)
26Aq10'10 - 946'59
Nova 1937b 220723 anon
01Pi22'31 +7032'29
Nova 1920 Cygnus No. 3
01Pi33'06 +4937'18
Nova 1942 V 450 Cygnus
349 10'51
19Pi10'51 +5224'24
Nova 1876 Cygnus No. 2 (Q)
28Cn26'24
19Le51'50
08Vi04'02
15Vi41'30
19Vi57'23
21Vi06'54
00Li21'22
03Sc44'04
28Pi59'32
07Ar45'53
+5140'11
+4640'29
+ 359'40
+ 759'34
+2926'06
+4240'03
+1437'19
-1843'23
-2823'05
-3545'31
M.81
UMa groups
near groups
M.66, M.96 Leo
NGC 4274 group
M.101 CVn
Virgo Cluster
M.83
Sculptor (S. Pole)
Eggen's star in Sculptor
NS Near Stars
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
15Ar26'39
16Ar47'46
24Ar01'06
17Ta47'12
13Cn15'56
25Cn07'53
01Vi27'44
11Vi56'14
26Vi06'05
27Sc55'57
27Sc58'24
28Sa41'55
10Cp45'42
08Aq19'35
09Aq07'60
02Pi06'28
04Pi57'27
05Pi55'11
-2509'16
+4124'45
+3803'31
-2647'20
-3840'49
-1611'17
+2720'37
+ 028'25
- 014'44
-4356'37
-4108'15
+2817'35
+ 020'16
-4209'13
+8132'44
-2702'13
- 537'32
+5135'41
UV Cet A, UV Cet B
Ross 248
Grb 34 A, Grb 34 B
epsilon Eridanus
Sirius A, Sirius B
Procyon A, Procyon B
Lal 21185
Wolf 359
Ross 128
Proxima Centaurus
alpha Centaurus, beta Centaur.
Barnard's star
Ross 154
epsilon Indus
sigma 2398 A, sigma 2398 B
Lacerta 9352
L 789-6
61 Cygnus A, 61 Cygnus B
OA O-Associations
OA 00Ar04'17 +4257'39
Lacerta OB 1, (Sch) I Lac, (Ru) Lac I
OA 08Ar16'17 +5801'12
398
399
400
OC Open Clusters
OC 3Ar13'46 +5418'12
NGC 7243, loose and poor, Lacerta
OC 6Ar07'32 +6350'53
IC 1396, Cepheus, TR 37
OC 8Ar49'29 +5712'51
NGC 7380, loose and poor, Cepheus
OC 0Ta12'29 +5028'41
NGC 7789, intermediate rich, Cassiopeia
OC 0Ta31'16 +5653'09
NGC 7654, M.52, intermediate rich, Cassiopeia
OC 4Ta24'54 +5331'42
NGC 7790, loose & poor, Cassiopeia
OC 8Ta30'29 +5015'31
NGC 129, fairly rich cluster in Cassiopeia
OC 0Ta25'49 +2410'44
NGC 752, very old loose & poor cluster, Andromeda
OC 1Ta53'11 +5018'59
NGC 225, Cassiopeia
OC 5Ta25'41 +4600'45
NGC 457, intermediate rich, Cassiopeia
OC 8Ta44'25 +4619'46
NGC 581, M. 103, loose & poor, Cassiopeia
OC 0Ta40'34 +4907'25
NGC 559, intermediate rich, Cassiopeia
OC 1Ta05'26 +2548'29
NGC 1039, M. 34, loose & poor, Perseus
OC 1Ta31'57 +4631'06
401
402
403
404
+ 601'08
M.73
+5534'52
M.29, loose & poor, Cygnus
+5759'40
M.39, intermediate rich, Cygnus
P Pulsars
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
00Ar51'12
02Ar23'03
05Ar44'11
18Ar59'30
20Ar06'15
22Ar57'05
28Ar55'15
29Ar21'58
29Ar25'01
18Ta32'04
19Ta14'52
19Ta23'39
22Ta46'35
04Ge27'11
08Ge13'57
08Ge56'30
22Ge03'32
23Ge23'33
25Ge26'17
02Cn35'33
10Cn05'24
13Cn42'40
16Cn56'44
01Le51'31
04Le14'20
08Le41'36
09Le16'37
10Le20'11
24Le26'44
25Le48'05
26Le51'12
29Le31'28
03Vi06'13
17Vi21'20
27Vi41'18
01Li53'10
05Li47'06
08Li32'60
13Li51'12
05Sc40'15
10Sc26'03
13Sc48'27
17Sc33'48
18Sc58'41
20Sc26'43
23Sc09'29
+3339'34
+5221'39
-6503'49
+6621'06
+5352'21
+5725'30
+5539'10
+6439'27
+5640'57
+ 210'29
+4458'09
+5151'45
+4532'23
+3408'33
-3943'58
+3333'50
- 144'47
- 124'21
- 019'41
- 036'37
-5024'30
+5221'03
+5616'35
+ 724'21
-4741'45
-5926'58
-1143'48
-3115'53
- 241'50
+4045'16
- 411'08
-5635'05
-6043'14
+1222'51
+2645'24
-6115'47
-5912'32
+6642'58
-5125'30
-5417'29
-5243'35
-5151'33
-3557'11
-4757'08
+2806'58
-4543'20
AP2303+30
PSR2217+47
MPO 254
PSR2148+63
PSR2305+55
PSR2225+58
PSR2324+60
PSR2223+65
JP 2319
PSRO3Ol+19
PSR0138+59
PSROlO5+65
PSR0153+61
CP O329
NP O450
PSR0355+54
NP O525
NP O531
PSR0540+23
PSR0611+22
PSR0628-28
CP O809
PSR0904+77
APO823+26
PSRO74O-28
MP O736
CP O834
MP O818
P O943
PSR1112+5O
CP O950
MP O835
PSR0833-45
CP 1133
AP1237+25
MP O940
MP O950
MP 1508
MP 1055-51
MP 1154
PSR1221-63
MP 1240
MP 1359
PSR1323-62
AP1541+09
PSR1354-62
405
28Sc59'25
00Sa38'30
03Sa32'04
04Sa04'03
05Sa25'34
06Sa03'45
07Sa46'41
08Sa11'25
09Sa13'39
09Sa23'55
14Sa55'11
15Sa56'46
17Sa02'11
17Sa02'48
20Sa32'39
21Sa07'09
23Sa04'57
24Sa00'56
26Sa13'54
27Sa43'50
27Sa44'08
02Cp58'39
04Cp35'57
04Cp50'11
05Cp47'28
06Cp19'59
08Cp15'60
08Cp22'18
11Cp58'58
12Cp02'08
12Cp12'38
13Cp01'21
15Cp48'45
16Cp22'07
16Cp39'18
18Cp11'16
18Cp38'31
18Cp46'24
19Cp54'36
20Cp57'15
22Cp31'13
22Cp37'01
22Cp45'57
25Cp03'45
25Cp50'45
25Cp58'01
26Cp16'07
28Cp41'40
02Aq10'49
08Aq57'42
09Aq41'15
09Aq59'31
12Aq38'28
15Aq31'37
16Aq57'39
+2033'15
-4732'42
-4612'55
-3227'49
-4824'19
-2208'27
-2810'01
-2830'50
-3009'03
+1928'01
-2151'59
+ 429'49
+ 712'40
- 813'27
- 511'40
- 832'12
+ 142'26
-2340'38
- 617'45
-2233'32
- 401'34
- 152'39
+ 124'38
+1948'48
+1440'03
+ 644'29
+2028'33
+1918'06
+1941'16
+1726'18
+2243'21
- 238'08
+1729'47
+2617'06
+2346'52
+2305'16
+2511'54
+1828'55
+3309'49
+2221'59
+3816'54
+4239'37
+3549'25
+4127'23
+4334'42
+4247'53
+3153'17
+3731'48
+3743'42
+4856'49
+ 228'26
+5527'13
+4939'20
+4613'05
+4601'16
MP 1604
MP 1426
MP 1449
MP 1530
PSR1451-68
MP 1556
PSR1557-50
PSR1558-50
PSR 1601-52
PSR 1642-03
PSR1641-45
MP1700-18
MP 1706
PSR1700-32
PSR1717-29
PSR 1718-32
PSR 1730-22
MP 1727
PSR 1742-30
MP 1747
PSR1749-28
PSR1813-26
PSR1819-22
MP 1818
PSR 1822-09
PSR1826-17
PSR1831-03
PSR1831-04
JP 1845
PSR 1846-06
JP1845-01
MP 1857
PSR1900-06
JP 1858
PSR1900+01
PSR1906+00
PSR1907+02
MP 1911
PSR1907+10
PSR1917+00
PSR1913+16
PSR1910+20
0P1915+13
PSR 1918+19
CP 1919
PSR1920+21
PSR1929+10
JP 1933+16
MP 1944
JP 1953
PSR2045-16
JP 1946
JP 2002
AP2016+28
PSR2020+28
406
06Pi35'01
11Pi55'08
15Pi39'59
21Pi07'24
+6648'34
+5701'47
+5826'58
+4902'19
JP 2021
PSR2106+44
JP 2111
PSR2154+40
PL Planetary Nebula
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
05Ar45'39 -1438'58
12Ar46'47 +4206'09
18Ar19'20 +6643'33
25Ar19'08 +5721'09
28Ar50'30 +5634'34
14Ta25'00 +3808'11
22Ta36'04 +6026'46
23Ge23'18 - 124'35
19Cn58'38 - 024'56
29Cn51'02 -3448'09
01Le00'21 -3846'19
08Le38'26 +8948'36
21Le24'33 +4533'30
14Vi29'16 -2543'38
22Vi24'07 -4645'41
28Li24'13 -5031'56
04Sa22'03 +4521'48
06Sa29'14 -3004'26
11Sa29'04 -1701'09
17Sa49'45 +1108'02
22Sa13'27 + 038'45
02Cp33'58 + 443'27
02Cp46'43 +2950'59
19Cp24'20 +5531'44
24Cp48'47 + 801'18
07Aq39'24 +4203'29
Dumbell Nebula
13Aq06'09 +3723'55
14Aq45'34 + 619'52
22Aq18'40 +6938'36
00Pi49'41 -1015'43
09Pi20'59 +5508'59
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
246,
7662,
7139,
* ,
7635,
650,
40,
1952,
2392,
2438,
2440,
6543,
3587,
3242,
3132,
3918,
6210,
,
6153,
6309,
6369,
6567,
6572,
6720,
6818,
6853,
Cet
And
Cep
Cep
Cas
Per
Cep
Tau
Gem
Pup
Pup
Dra
UMa
Hya
Ant
Cen
Her
Nor
Sco
Oph
Oph
Sgr
Oph
Lyr
Sgr
Vul
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
NGC:
6905,
7009,
6826,
7293,
7027,
Del
Aqr Saturn Nebula
Cyg
Aqr
Cyg
* I 1470
M76 NGC 650-1
Ml Crab Nebula
Q Quasars
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
01Ar15'18 + 029'45
3C 2
04Ar45'24 +1358'07
2354+14
05Ar04'14 +3009'36
4C 29.68
07Ar13'24 +1410'42
4C 15.1
10Ar17'59 +1223'41
3C 9 1965
Red shift discovered, early quasar
13Ar03'07 - 527'22
4C-0O.6
15Ar49'30 - 505'09
0106+01
16Ar01'43 - 110'41
4C 4.6
16Ar54'57 -1130'04
0119-04
19Ar25'24 - 725'15
0122-00
20Ar14'58 -1347'23
4C-05.6
407
23Ar02'22 - 811'29
4C 1.4
23Ar41'21 -2133'55
3C 57
23Ar41'39 -2134'33
0159-11
27Ar52'11 -3624'12
0237-23
29Ar11'39 + 953'41
3C 47 discovered 1964
03Ta22'18 -1609'55
4C-03.7
04Ta17'36 +2110'08
3C 48 discovered December 1960
Very bright in optical spectrum
09Ta13'02 - 122'19
0229+13
21Ta26'18 -3227'26
3C 95
23Ta36'04 -2557'15
3C 94
25Ta31'46 -3249'41
0403-13
26Ta32'29 -3132'36
0405-12
19Ge56'09 - 631'13
3C 138
26Ge09'56 +2618'22
3C 147 March 30, 1964
One of first
08Cn10'07 +2134'18
OH 471
17Cn31'03 -1049'20
3C 175
20Cn26'38 +1633'12
3C 186
20Cn49'41 - 735'10
3C 181
21Cn21'30 +4442'48
3C 204
23Cn42'27 +2741'26
3C 196 One of the first
25Cn50'08 -2009'11
0736+01
27Cn19'05 +5300'52
A 0952+17
29Cn57'41 +1818'10
4C 37.24
00Le26'15 - 945'51
3C 191 disc. 1966
First to exhibit strange absorption lines
02Le20'29 -1441'15
4C 5.34
04Le58'37 -1717'33
0812+02
08Le22'26 - 449'54
3C 207
10Le27'02 +2325'18
4C 39.25
10Le59'35 - 259'03
3C 208
13Le25'38 + 008'55
3C 215
14Le55'44 +5530'03
3C 263
15Le13'17 -2850'24
0837-12
18Le23'57 - 045'52
0922+14
19Le28'45 +1857'04
3C 232
21Le39'33 +7332'31
3C 309.1
22Le07'08 -2939'14
0859-14
01Vi14'36 +3237'01
3C 254 early quasar
01Vi23'23 -1116'47
0957+00
07Vi02'15 + 319'45
3C 245
07Vi33'19 +5425'54
3C 277.1
10Vi32'39 +3956'35
3C 268.4
11Vi02'22 +2443'22
3C 261
11Vi27'21 +6138'13
3C 288.1
14Vi58'37 +2758'54
4C 31.38
15Vi13'23 + 647'11
1116+12
16Vi48'13 - 741'18
3C 249.1
16Vi51'60 -1434'23
3C 246, 1049-09
18Vi34'40 +3304'10
3C 27O.1
23Vi31'07 +4215'24
3C 28O.1
26Vi05'15 +2156'41
4C 21.35
27Vi16'08 - 108'19
1148-00
28Vi13'07 -1557'04
1127-14
408
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
29Vi33'35 -1327'46
1136-13
02Li48'17 +1905'40
3C 275.1
03Li05'31 + 358'26
1217+02
05Li02'32 + 502'50
3C 273 1st real quasar (1963)
Optical var. 1961
Double source, infrared source/bright quasar
07Li05'10 +3616'08
3C 286 One of the first
07Li17'56 + 140'16
inf1229-02
07Li33'38 +1517'13
1252+11
12Li33'51 +1216'12
3C 281
14Li01'59 + 114'15
3C 279 fluctuates
In radio spectrum
17Li00'27 -1802'33
1233-24
18Li46'04 +2916'49
1354+19
19Li54'36 +1111'38
3C 287 early quasar
1959 radio source
1968 bridge connection disc.
25Li20'19 +3243'38
4C 2O.33
27Li20'60 - 125'28
MSH 13-011
27Li58'12 -1050'29
1327-21
29Li42'43 +1842'02
3C 298
04Sc36'40 +2511'09
OQ 172 red shift over 3!
09Sc39'54 +8059'31
3C 351
12Sc44'28 +1038'01
1454-06
13Sc39'13 + 657'11
MSH 14-121
17Sc12'57 + 949'37
1510-08
17Sc41'02 +4000'49
3C 323.1
27Sc57'28 +6036'18
3C 345 radio variable
Summer-fall 1965 discovery
28Sc03'04 +4424'53
3C 336
28Sc31'56 +3814'22
3C 334
09Sa21'50 +5157'44
4C 29.50
14Cp42'30 +7108'26
3C 380
12Aq06'33 -1311'16
2115-30
21Aq34'24 + 035'45
2135-14
24Aq37'24 + 039'56
2146-13
28Aq19'60 +2959'11
3C 432
05Pi11'54 + 805'44
2216-03
05Pi49'15 + 455'31
3C 446 found late 1964
Erupts fall 1965
06Pi33'46 + 459'45
4C-5.93
13Pi44'42 +1924'53
CTA 102
19Pi01'18 +1741'20
2251+11 1971 discovered
20Pi40'08 +2119'25
3C 454.3
21Pi10'43 +2344'60
3C 454
29Pi58'58 + 951'26
2344+09
R Radio Points
R
R
R
R
R
R
01Ar57'02
06Ar06'08
07Ar21'16
07Ar26'49
20Ar26'39
26Ar25'24
+4329'43
+2657'41
+6743'48
- 519'59
+ 600'55
+5439'57
409
410
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
21Le23'38 +1619'01
4C 29.35
25Le05'19 -2530'06
Hya A, peculiar galaxy
Dumbell galaxy
25Le15'34 -5807'34
Pup A
00Vi29'37 +2914'10
B2 1101+38
New BL Lacertai object
Rapid radio variable
00Vi45'31 - 407'51
4C 07.30
01Vi14'30 +3236'29
4C 4O.28
03Vi24'19 -6009'19
Vela X
16Vi30'18 +1824'40
4C 22.30
17Vi14'26 +4752'05
4C 47.36
18Vi30'28 +7900'53
4C 66.17
19Vi59'14 +2932'50
BZ 1215+30 rapid radio variable
21Vi52'24 +2802'60
VRO 28.12.02 (omega Com)
Rapid radio variable
28Vi17'53 +5858'02
Dumbell galaxy
01Li22'55 + 722'17
elliptical galaxy
01Li36'32 +1352'38
Virga A, M 87
Peculiar jet galaxy
05Li51'34 +6205'54
3C 303, radio
Two optical objects
Different red
17Li31'38 - 532'25
20Li30'58 -5828'14
Carina nebula
28Li12'03 -4456'31
PKS 1209-52
29Li11'20 +1918'60
4C 06.49
29Li43'03 +1842'45
PKS 1416106
03Sc10'10 +4148'46
dumbell galaxy
05Sc52'54 -3018'40
Centaurus A
Elliptical galaxy NGC 5128
13Sc49'10 +2437'17
4C07.40
18Sc46'29 -4620'38
Centaurus B
22Sc21'08 +6010'29
4C 39.45
22Sc22'01 +6011'44
3C 338 four galaxies, NGC 6161
22Sc36'41 - 526'48
OR-225, PKS 1514-24
Rapid radio variable, N galaxy
27Sc06'37 +2303'56
3C 327.0 Dumbell galaxy
28Sc02'39 +2147'33
4C 01.48
09Sa54'43 +2722'50
3C 348.0, dumbell galaxy, Her A
12Sa46'27 -3741'10
PKS 1610-60
18Sa30'54 +2330'31
dumbell galaxy
20Sa00'38 -1443'33
21Sa57'30 -1019'00
22Sa27'02 + 218'57
SN REM Kepler's supernova
1604 AD
26Sa13'43 - 421'27
major component on
Galactic Nucleus, Sagittarius A
27Sa21'37 - 534'31
Compact OH source, approaching at 341 Km/sec
29Sa32'17 + 056'50
Triffid nebula, M 20, galactic nebula
00Cp13'47 + 011'53
Lagoon nebula, M 8
00Cp28'08 + 256'50R 02Cp11'37 -3917'03
PKS 1814-63
411
03Cp17'32 +2019'16
weak, broad source (30' arc)
04Cp22'39 + 752'47
M 17 Omega nebula (galactic nebula)
07Cp47'07 +2202'18
NRAO 5670
08Cp29'55 +1702'11
NRAO 5690
09Cp15'39 +1716'33
NRAO 5720
10Cp08'27 +1827'48
11Cp20'39 +4008'29
4C 17.81
11Cp39'51 +2107'59
NRAO 5790
11Cp58'35 +2153'00
12Cp07'12 +2143'33
12Cp42'05 +3247'05
4C 09.68
12Cp47'10 +2337'46
14Cp00'02 +2433'01
NRAO 5840
14Cp00'20 -4023'12
PKS 1934-63 non thermal source
14Cp43'13 +2410'25
SN REM, supernova remnant
14Cp47'20 +2413'28
NRAO 5890
17Cp10'25 +2025'10
17Cp25'25 +2755'53
17Cp30'21 -2301'43
NRAO 6107
18Cp36'36 +2938'27
19Cp43'22 +3116'17
NRAO 5980
20Cp08'50 +3225'58
SN II, region OH emission
20Cp28'52 +6820'19
4C 45.39
21Cp29'59 +3225'08
NRAO 6020
22Cp34'31 +3357'60
NRAO 6010
22Cp41'51 +3454'45
NRAO 6070
24Cp22'45 +3555'23
3C 400
29Cp52'50 -5045'10
PKS 2152-69, MSH 21-64
06Aq24'19 -7803'13
PKS 0410-75
10Aq02'47 +5141'38
10Aq43'57 -6457'41
Small Magellanic Cloud
11Aq30'46 - 703'20
NRAO 6435
12Aq19'23 +4147'02
13Aq27'28 +5258'34
NRAO 6210
16Aq53'06 +4730'17
16Aq54'16 +5911'04
First localized source
1946 Cygnus A, dumbell galaxy
19Aq12'41 -8527'17
Centroid Large Magellanic Cloud
24Aq27'22 +5713'23
24Aq45'32 -5223'27
PKS 2356-61
26Aq22'54 +4546'32
Cygnus loop SN II
28Aq49'38 - 522'50
dumbell galaxy
29Aq33'06 +5715'37
gamma Cygnus complex
01Pi14'29 +5741'47
NRAO 6365 emission nebula
02Pi16'50 +3734'32
dumbell galaxy
06Pi15'49 +5659'02
galactic nebula, America
06Pi38'51 + 820'42
4C-02.83
11Pi36'22 +6336'51
SN II
14Pi28'09 +7743'45
4C 6O.29
19Pi50'11 +5950'55
4C 49.38
20Pi48'54 + 746'20
4C 03.57
22Pi51'30 +6309'42
NRAO 6500
23Pi40'10 +4941'18
OY 401,VR042.22.01
412
R
R
Radio Holes
RH 21Sa47'54 -1009'07
At 85.7 Mc in direction of the nebula NGC 6357
RH 08Aq52'60 +5200'14
At low frequencies in the vicinity of star Cygnus
Spectroscopic Binaries
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
10Ta50'20
21Ta20'08
28Ta51'58
29Ta37'26
21Ge32'48
28Ge27'49
23Le00'37
14Vi50'43
03Li08'35
04Li39'37
21Li50'60
12Sc44'19
18Sc22'21
01Sa34'33
06Sa47'22
14Sa31'05
17Cp24'52
02Aq38'04
03Aq37'27
21Aq44'19
26Aq35'22
27Aq49'16
12Pi56'58
+2003'59
-5326'52
+3451'37
+1143'14
-2743'42
+2033'45
- 404'23
+5603'16
+ 210'46
-4952'42
- 031'16
-3133'07
+4547'00
+ 232'09
+5309'58
-1348'16
+5615'17
+ 457'19
+1920'44
+2002'07
+6341'60
+6358'09
-5346'21
4 beta Triangulum
41 nu Eridanus
gamma Perseus
omicron Perseus
i Orion
beta Aurigao
omicron Leo
zeta two Ursa Major
eta Virgo
p Vela
alpha Virgo
zeta Centaurus
T Corona Borealis
beta Scorpio
epsilon Hercules
mu (one) Scorpio
Beta Lyra
beta Capricorn
theta Aquila
alpha equuleus
31 omicron (one) Cygnus
32 omicron (two) Cygnus
zeta Phoenix
SG Seyfert Galaxies
SG
SG
SG
SG
SG
SG
SG
SG
07Ta37'19
27Ta42'46
06Ge47'21
29Le39'05
08Vi59'56
13Vi48'26
21Li00'15
19Pi35'29
-1448'14
+2202'19
-1602'06
+ 910'60
+3946'28
+3601'31
+3655'44
+1322'11
SM Solar Motion
SM 27Sa47'30 +4849'36
The basic solar motion or solar apex
SM 00Cp14'29 +5236'57
413
SN Supernovae
SN 10Ar23'01 -1043'14
1939 D (Nov) M 16.00
SN 23Ar58'14 + 647'07
1936 B (Aug) M 14.00
SN 26Ar25'24 +5439'57
SN Cas A (Our Galaxy) 1667
SN 17Ta21'22 +1829'29
1938 A (Nov) M 15.2
SN 19Ta34'12 +2327'45
1937 D (Sep. 16) M 12.8 NGC 1003
SN 20Ta09'19 -3914'13
1937 E (Dec) M 15.00 NGC 1482
SN 12Cn57'37 +4235'01
1954 J (Oct) M 16.0 NGC 2403
SN 28Cn50'33 + 445'19
1901 A (Jan) M 14.7 NGC 2535
SN 03Le24'28 + 854'32
1920 A (Jan) M 11.8 NGC 2608
SN 04Le47'00 +3400'02
1912 A (Feb) M 13.0 NGC 2841
SN 19Le42'42 +2844'60
1937F, 1921C, 1921B (Dec.12, Mar, Apr) NGC 3184
SN 26Le30'30 +5730'49
1940 D (Jul) M 15.0 NGC 4545
SN 27Le15'27 +1826'14
1941 B (Mar) M 15.1 NGC 3254
SN 27Le39'31 + 947'05
1946 A (May) M 18.0 NGC 3177
SN 06Vi07'25 +4533'09
1937 A (Aug) M 15.3 NGC 4157
SN 16Vi30'13 +3408'02
1954 A (Apr 19) M 9.8 NGC 4214
SN 18Vi11'14 +2835'23
1941 C (Apr) M 16.8 NGC 4136
SN 23Vi57'09 +5122'11
1945 A (Feb) SN I M 14.0 NGC 5195
SN 23Vi57'10 +5938'47
1909 A (Feb) Peculiar SN M 12.1 NGC 5457
SN 25Vi17'32 +2906'38
1941 A (feb 26) M 13.2 NGC 4559
SN 25Vi33'06 +4518'56
1971 I (June) SN I M 11.8 NGC 5055
SN 28Vi05'07 +1645'44
414
415
416
417
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
01Li21'29 + 130'48
Descending South Node Uranus to equator
182 53'16
02Li53'16 + 132'04
Descending South Node Jupiter to equator
02Li56'09 + 139'23
Descending South Node Mars to equator
183 01'18
03Li01'18 + 152'23
Descending South North Neptune to equator
183 12'10
03Li12'10 + 219'51
Descending South Node Invariable Plane to equator
185 05'45
05Li05'45 + 315'49
Descending South Node Saturn to equator
05Li25'10 -8243'43
South Pole of Vesta
06Li56'29 + 404'08
Descending South Node Venus to equator
09Li38'48 + 505'53
Descending South North Mercury to equator
10Li12'51 + 436'34
Descending South Node Juno to equator
12Li49'08 -8736'29
South Pole of Saturn
13Li26'35 + 128'45
Aphelion Jupiter
14Li45'08 + 619'48
Descending South Node Sun Equator to equator
15Li51'56 -7215'38
South Pole of Pluto
16Li41'45 + 717'40
Des South Node Vesta to equator
21Li32'41 + 933'33
Descending South Node Ceres to equator
11Sc35'53 +1609'17
Descending South Node Pluto to equator
14Sc04'03 + 109'23
Aphelion Neptune
14Sc38'51 +1651'33
Perihelion Pluto
17Sc30'01 + 049'08
Descending South Node Mercury to ecliptic
18Sc57'09 + 046'33
Descending South Node Mars to ecliptic
25Sc49'04 +1300'17
Aphelion Juno
13Sa16'19 + 456'10
Perihelion Vesta
13Sa36'52 + 104'51
Descending South Node Uranus to ecliptic
14Sa58'32 + 048'57
Descending South Node Sun Equator to ecliptic
16Sa03'22 + 140'59
418
419
T T-Associations
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
00Ar49'39
16Ar55'06
18Ar28'31
25Ar27'56
27Ar51'29
08Ta48'53
13Ta26'01
22Ta39'28
29Ta42'27
06Ge14'51
07Ge47'56
09Ge10'25
10Ge08'19
15Ge22'37
21Ge32'35
21Ge35'23
22Ge56'16
24Ge35'34
26Ge26'59
09Cn01'43
11Cn09'09
13Cn05'34
28Cn11'07
19Li02'12
25Li12'46
07Sa01'02
29Sa11'45
29Sa29'47
00Cp53'54
03Cp19'54
06Cp55'11
07Cp37'01
11Cp21'07
23Cp03'59
06Aq04'01
14Aq09'48
06Pi44'57
09Pi52'40
18Pi45'22
25Pi53'06
-4620'49
+6049'02
+4611'53
+7256'37
+5623'36
+5245'13
+6828'03
+3803'48
+1146'47
+ 647'57
- 306'36
+ 400'53
+1410'25
+ 827'42
-1139'14
-2746'17
-2349'56
-1340'39
+ 239'09
-1314'53
- 942'52
-2542'19
-3442'39
-5814'13
-3944'18
- 127'22
+ 019'13
- 000'14
+ 028'09
+1103'44
+5652'12
+3148'55
-1354'03
+2203'06
+3448'01
+5358'13
+5900'47
+5904'33
+7156'53
+5508'26
Phe
Cep
And
Cep
Cas
Cas
Cep
Per
Per
Tau
Tau
Tau
Per
Aur
Ori
Ori
Ori
Ori
Tau
Mon
Gem
Mon
Pup
Car
Cen
Sco
Sgr
Sgr
Sgr
Ser
Lyr
Oph
CrA
Aql
Del
Cyg
Cyg
Cyg
Cyg
Cyg
T1
T3
T1
T1
T2
T1
T2
T1
T2
T1
T2
T3
T3
T1
T1
T2
T3
T4
T4
T1
T1
T2
T1
T1
T1
T1
T1
T2
T3
T1
T1
T1
T1
T1
T1
T4
T1
T2
T5
T3
SY Phe (?)
DI Cep (?)
BM And (?)
NGC 7023
NGC 7635 (?)
VX Cas
BO Cep (?)
EO Per
IC 348
RY Tau
T Tau
UZ Tau
NGC 1579 (?)
RW Aur
CO Ori
T Ori
sigma Ori
FU Ori
RR Tau
NGC 2264, S Mon
FY Gem
WX Mon (?)
UY Pup (?)
eta Car (?)
V 654 Cen (?)
alpha Sco (Antares)
NGC 6514 (M20)
NGC 6530 (M8)
S 188, IC 1274b
NGC 6611 (M16)
LT Lyr
V 426 Oph
R CrA
V 374 Aql
V 536 Aql
NO Cyg (?)
lC 5070
CE Cyg
V 561 Cyg (?)
IC 5146 (?)
VB Visual Binaries
VB
VB
VB
VB
VB
VB
VB
VB
VB
10Ar26'21
14Ar41'12
14Ar41'45
01Ta54'29
29Ta12'49
06Cn35'07
12Cn37'38
24Cn23'06
02Sc06'05
+2413'56
-2517'24
+5902'38
+5024'43
-2719'53
-2418'40
-3814'59
-1558'49
+3400'50
85 Pegasus
L 726-8
Kru 60
eta Cassiopeis
omicron Eridanus B,C
Ross 614 A,B
Sirius
Procyon
epsilon Beetes
420
27Sc35'11
00Sa21'36
05Sa54'03
00Cp00'00
-4129'22
+5251'31
+6738'02
+2526'53
WD White Dwarfs
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
10Ar29'13
12Ar43'17
19Ar47'38
29Ta38'49
09Cn01'54
13Cn25'22
25Cn11'41
24Le45'30
12Vi38'55
04Sa41'06
18Aq26'37
+3038'37
+ 030'49
-1433'31
-2755'19
+1353'46
-3941'54
-1606'05
-4807'49
+1558'11
+ 525'13
+4116'11
L1512-34 B
v. Maanen 2
L870-2
40 (=O2) Eridanus B
He 3 = Ci20 398
Sirius B
Procyon B
L532-81
R 627
L770-3
W1326
WR Wolf Rayet
WR
WR
WR
WR
WR
27Le00'09
20Li30'11
21Li58'42
19Sc20'38
16Sa19'29
-6502'44
-5925'16
-5910'04
-5150'43
-1950'17
X X-Ray
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
08Ar09'32 +2533'05
3U2346+26, cluster: abell 2666
13Ar14'07 +8337'24
3U1904+67,
17Ar22'26 +1855'24
3U0032+24,
22Ar31'54 -1001'41
3U0138-01,
23Ar26'22 +2541'30
3U0042+32,
24Ar05'10 -8649'14
3U0532-66, LMC LMC X-4
24Ar22'43 +3615'04
3U0021+42, M31 Andromeda Galaxy
26Ar25'35 +5439'59
3U2321+58, Cas A = 3C 461
11Ta56'22 +5335'10
3U0022+63, 3C 10 (Tycho's SN) Cep XR-1
19Ta01'51 -8632'03
3U0539-64, LMC X-3
19Ta30'02 +5005'02
3U0115+63,
21Ta45'44 +4637'19
3U0143+61,
27Ta52'15 +2208'52
3U0316+41, Per X-1 Perseus Cluster Abell 426
02Ge21'40 + 939'18
3U0352+30,
03Ge05'19 +3549'09
3U0318+55,
05Ge32'08 +6316'04
strong source not disc. by UHURU, perhaps variable
09Ge17'04 -1600'47
3U0440+06,
11Ge49'58 +1538'54
3U0430+37,
16Ge01'12 +2205'48
3U0446+44, 3C 129.1
421
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
20Ge22'16 +4331'09
3U0449+66,
20Ge50'37 -2805'27
3U0527-05, M42 in Orion Nebula
23Ge25'32 - 025'22
3U0531+21, Tau X-1 Crab Pulsar NPO531 (intense)
04Cn41'25 - 015'54
3U0620+23, IC 443 (SNR) 3C157 Pulsar 0611+22
22Le01'22 -6707'38
3U0750-49, Star V pup
25Le33'29 -5812'26
3U0821-42, Pup A Vel XR-2?
02Vi04'10 -5950'51
3U0838-45, Vela X Pulsar 0833-45 Vel XR-1?
05Vi20'07 -5247'03
3U0900-40, Star HD 77581 Vel X-R 1
11Vi27'22 -4002'24
3U0946-30,
13Vi10'11 +3645'34
3U1207+39, NGC 4151 Seyfert galaxy intense X-rays
27Vi36'46 -6349'22
3U0918-55, Star K Vel?
00Li45'27 +3131'22
3U1257+28, Coma cluster Abell 1656 Coma X-1
01Li34'54 +1348'23
3U1228+12, M87 Virgo A Vir X-ray 1 Virgo Cluster
03Li55'17 +3358'37
Very compact source in Coma
Discovered June 15, 1974 MX1313+29
04Li05'35 +1023'07
3U1231+07, IC 3576
04Li49'59 + 431'16
3U1224+02, 3 C 273 QSO
11Li16'48 -5728'11
3U1022-55,
27Li46'19 -5554'14
3U1118-60, Cen X-3;disc. 1971 binary
1973 summer optical I.D.
2nd or 3rd brightest source
28Li31'16 -3233'14
3U1247-41, NGC 4696 PKS1245-41 Rich Southern cluster
01Sc18'11 -5511'33
3U1134-61
02Sc44'59 -5405'27
3U1145-61,
05Sc46'30 -3015'46
3U1322-42, NGC 5128 Cen A
10Sc09'10 -5427'26
3U1210-64,
10Sc15'37 -5212'50
3U1223-62, GX3Ol+O very flat spectrum
13Sc57'36 -4832'49
3U1258-61, GX 304-1 Very flat spectrum
17Sc06'42 -4641'23
3U1320-61, Cen XR-2 increased 4/4/67 NGC 5189?
18Sc02'11 +4653'07
3U1555+27, Star 13 epsilon CrB
21Sc41'41 -5505'01
3U1254-69,
02Sa42'05 -3532'18
3U1516-56, Cir X-1 Large intensity changes in seconds
03Sa28'44 -3955'54
3U1510-59, MSH 15-52A,B ? SNR?
04Sa44'17 -2627'09
3U1543-47, Increased 1000x late 1971; died away
04Sa55'54 + 657'28
3U1617-15, Sco X-1 Sco-1 (largest X-ray source)
05Sa05'28 -3107'55
3U1538-52, Nor XR-2 Nor 2
422
09Sa25'11 -4043'40
3U1543-62,
10Sa38'33 -3749'43
3U1556-60, Nor XR-2? Nor 2 ?
12Sa26'46 -2604'44
3U1624-49, Nor 1 ? Nor XR-1 ?
12Sa29'53 + 200'39
3U1645+21,
13Sa14'06 -2423'47
3U1630-47, Nor XR-1 ? Nor 1 ?
15Sa08'15 -2204'37
3U1642-45, GX 340+0 Ara 1 ?
15Sa29'49 -2949'05
3U1636-53,
15Sa58'20 -1139'43
3U1653+35, Star HZ Her, Her X-1
1971 discovered binary; Jan 9, 1972
X 17Sa14'15 -4042'53
3U1632-64,
X 17Sa21'16 -4414'39
3U1626-67,
X 17Sa40'54 -1317'42
3U1700-37, Star HD 153919
Binary system
X 18Sa00'55 -1243'45
3U1702-36, GX 349+2 Sco 2
Sco XR-2
X 18Sa01'56 - 815'20
3U1704-32, L8
X 18Sa19'19 + 034'43
3U1709-23, Oph XR-2 Oph 2
X 18Sa39'27 -1841'51
3U1702-42, Ara XR-1, GX-14.1
X 18Sa44'59 -2453'16
3U1658-48, GX 339-4
X 19Sa13'34 +6619'39
3U1736+43, Glo cluster M92
NGC 6341?
X 19Sa27'01 -2024'02
3U1705-44,
X 20Sa53'24 -1538'13
3U1714-39, Sco XR-2, GX-1O.7
Sco 2
X 22Sa24'28 + 802'05
3U1728-16, Oph 3 GX9+9
X 22Sa50'32 + 002'47
3U1728-24, GXl+4 Sgr 6 ?
X 23Sa03'18 - 935'24
3U1727-33, GX 354+0
X 24Sa32'51 - 431'06
3U1735-28,
X 25Sa13'40 -2027'16
3U1735-44,
X 26Sa23'41 - 530'11
3U1743-29, Sgr 1? SNR 1742-28?
X 26Sa32'42 - 146'51
3U1744-26, Sgr XR-1 GX+3
X 27Sa16'55 -1316'59
3U1746-37, NGC 6441
Globular cluster
X 29Sa03'24 - 926'50
3U1755-33, Sco XR-6 GX-2.5
X 29Sa34'18 - 104'54
3U1758-25, Sgr 5, GX5-1
Sgr XR-3
X 29Sa39'42 + 348'22
3U1758-20, GX9+l, SGR 3
X 02Cp48'59 + 629'40
3U1811-17, SGR 2, GX+13.5, SGR
XR-2
X 03Cp02'09 +1223'44
3U1812-12, Ser XR-2
X 03Cp15'15 +1007'09
3U1813-14, GX 17+2, Ser 2
X 04Cp29'03 - 544'23
3U1820-30, glob cluster NGC 6624, SGR XR-4, Sgr 4
X 04Cp35'01 -1311'55
3U1822-37, SGR 7
X 05Cp21'59 +7345'16
3U1809+50,
X 06Cp15'40 +2402'26
3U1822-00,
X 07Cp24'57 + 114'33
3U1832-23,
X 08Cp29'45 +1910'10
3U1832-05,
X 10Cp29'38 +2726'17
3U1837+04,
X 17Cp10'12 +2557'15
3U1901+03,
X 18Cp27'57 +2223'31
3U1908+00, AQL XR-1, Aql 1
X 19Cp23'10 +3156'14
3U1906+09,
X 19Cp45'08 +1715'40
3U1915-05, Star 26 f AQL ?
X 20Cp45'29 +2917'57
3U1912+07,
423
X
X
X
00Aq58'32 -8404'04
3U0521-72, LMC X-2
In Large Magellanic Cloud
04Aq02'43 +3115'38
3U1956+11
March-April 1971= radio increase
05Aq49'58 +6420'55
3U1921+43, cluster Abell 2319?
10Aq16'32 +5101'10
3U1953+31,
12Aq57'36 +5417'04
3U1956+35, Cyg X-1
Star HDE 226868;disc. 1966;
13Aq39'50 -6607'37
3U0115-73, SMC X-1
15Aq05'01 -8730'40
3U0540-69, LMC X-1
16Aq36'43 +5905'48
3U1957+40, Cyg A = 3C 405
27Aq46'16 +5647'01
3U2030+40, Cyg X-3
Short period binary
With enormous increase in radio output Fall 1972
10Pi31'22 +6026'20
3U2052+47,
16Pi24'46 +4826'39
3U2142+38, Cyg X-2, Cyg 2
21Pi04'57 +5708'30
3U2129+47,
424
425
426
FS
Q
X
SS
SS
FS
FS
OA
SS
VB
VB
SS
G
LG
N
NS
FS
FS
FS
FL
Q
Q
MS
CS
FS
NS
SS
Q
T
FS
FS
X
FS
FS
FS
G
PL
G
T
FS
OC
SS
P
Q
WD
OA
With IF excess
13Ar00'07 +8252'11|delta Draco, ALDIB, (57)
13Ar03'07 - 527'22|4C-0O.6
13Ar14'07 +8337'24|3U1904+67,
13Ar19'51 +8251'24|North Pole of Vesta
13Ar21'02 +8826'25|North Pole of
Invariable Plane of Solar System
13Ar26'05 +2521'10|21 alpha Andromeda
Spectroscopic double, Alpheratz
13Ar31'47 + 221'60|delta Pisces
13Ar32'53 +6504'01|Cepheus OB 2, (Ma) Cep
II, (Mo) I Cep
13Ar49'51 - 033'27|Perihelion Jupiter
14Ar41'12 -2517'24|L 726-8
14Ar41'45 +5902'38|Kru 60
14Ar46'19 - 617'00|Ascending North Node
Sun Equator to equator
14Ar57'12 - 440'47|IC 1613, Local Group
14Ar57'12 - 440'47|IC 1613
15Ar22'58 +5430'30|Nova 1950 Lacerta
15Ar26'39 -2509'16|UV Cet A, UV Cet B
15Ar33'06 -1542'46|45 theta Cetus
15Ar37'21 -3856'55|nu Fornax
15Ar44'40 +6204'58|lamda Cepheus, (22)
15Ar45'31 +5912'15|DO Cepheus
15Ar49'30 - 505'09|0106+01
16Ar01'43 - 110'41|4C 4.6
16Ar10'40 +5614'26|215 441
16Ar29'47 + 032'36|Ascending Supergalactic
Node to Ecliptic
16Ar37'21 + 035'45|epsilon Pisces
16Ar47'46 +4124'45|Ross 248
16Ar49'55 - 658'01|Asc North Node Vesta to equator
16Ar54'57 -1130'04|0119-04
16Ar55'06 +6049'02|Cep T3 - DI Cep (?)
17Ar01'56 -2503'23|tau Cetus (52)
17Ar20'22 -7638'23|epsilon Reticulum
17Ar22'26 +1855'24|3U0032+24,
17Ar34'19 -5214'28|iota Eridanus
17Ar53'20 +5959'52|delta Cepheus, (27), double
18Ar02'58 +4416'17|lamda Andromeda, (16)
Spectroscopic variable
18Ar08'39 -1423'31|NGC 584, Cetus
18Ar19'20 +6643'33|NGC: 7139, Cep
18Ar27'50 +3608'10|NGC 221, Local Group
M.32, And.,G3
18Ar28'31 +4611'53|And T1 - BM And (?)
18Ar40'44 -3107'17|upsilon Cetus (59)
18Ar49'29 +5712'51|NGC 7380, loose and
Poor, Cepheus
18Ar54'53 +7239'18|North Pole of Pluto
18Ar59'30 +6621'06|PSR2148+63
19Ar25'24 - 725'15|0122-00
19Ar47'38 -1433'31|L870-2
20Ar02'54 +5454'06|Cepheus OB 5, (Sch) IV Cep
427
20Ar06'15 +5352'21|PSR2305+55
20Ar14'58 -1347'23|4C-05.6
20Ar26'08 - 223'09|NGC 488, Pisces
20Ar26'39 + 600'55|Elliptical galaxy
20Ar54'58 +2357'52|delta Andromeda
21Ar01'29 -7918'53|R Dorado, 2nd strongest
At 2 microns
21Ar03'23 -1917'08|NGC 681, Cetus
21Ar22'56 -2001'42|(55) zeta Cetus, BATEN
KAITOS, spectroscopic double.
21Ar52'31 -4641'14|Fornax system
21Ar54'09 - 840'43|Ascending North Node
Ceres to equator
22Ar02'16 +2714'26|29 pi Andromeda
Spectroscopic double
22Ar31'03 -4547'29|Fornax system, Local
Group, A0237-34
22Ar31'36 + 048'53|NGC 524, Pisces
22Ar31'54 -1001'41|3U0138-01,
22Ar53'54 -5322'59|theta Eridanus, ACAMAR
Spectroscopic double
22Ar55'15 +8912'40|North Pole of Uranus
22Ar57'05 +5725'30|PSR2225+58
23Ar02'22 - 811'29|4C 1.4
23Ar26'22 +2541'30|3U0042+32,
23Ar28'03 +7237'20|NGC 7023, Cepheus
23Ar41'21 -2133'55|3C 57
23Ar41'39 -2134'33|0159-11
23Ar58'14 + 647'07|1936 B (Aug) M 14.00
24Ar01'06 +3803'31|Grb 34 A, Grb 34 B
24Ar05'10 -8649'14|3U0532-66, LMC LMC X-4
24Ar22'43 +3615'04|3U0021+42, M31
Andromeda Galaxy
24Ar58'45 - 415'34|nu Pisces, 106
25Ar19'08 +5721'09|NGC: * , Cep * I 1470
25Ar26'34 -4558'59|beta Fornax
25Ar27'56 +7256'37|Cep T1 - NGC 7023
26Ar09'34 + 528'39|eta Pisces, double
26Ar13'34 -5817'57|e Eridanus
26Ar16'57 +2236'20|sigma Pisces
Spectroscopic double
26Ar25'24 +5439'57|SN II Remnant
Cassiopeia A, 3C 461 (strongest source)
26Ar25'24 +5439'57|SN Cas A (Our Galaxy) 1667
26Ar25'35 +5439'59|3U2321+58, Cas A = 3C 461
26Ar36'08 +3227'52|M.32 galaxy
26Ar36'08 +3227'52|885 Andromeda (S)
26Ar44'56 - 806'50|xi Pisces (111)
26Ar54'22 +3354'51|NGC 205, Local Group
Andromeda, A8
26Ar54'22 +3354'51|near galaxy, part of
Local Group
26Ar57'53 - 149'48|omicron Pisces (110)
27Ar03'58 - 147'03|10 783
27Ar09'29 +3320'55|Center of Local Group Galaxies
428
Taurus
G 00Ta01'03 +4047'45|NGC 147, Local Group, Cassiopeia
LG 00Ta01'03 +4047'45|galaxy in Local Group
OA 00Ta03'37 +6018'41|Cepheus OB 3, (Mo) III
Cep, (Ru) Cep IlI
OC 00Ta12'29 +5028'41|NGC 7789, intermediate
Rich, Cassiopeia
G 00Ta24'16 -7250'16|NGC 1553, Dorado Cloud
G 00Ta27'34 -7241'39|NGC 1549, Dorado Cloud
ME 00Ta30'44 +1628'49|Andromedids
OC 00Ta31'16 +5653'09|NGC 7654, M.52
Intermediate rich, Cassiopeia
G 00Ta38'29 -6232'28|NGC 1433, Dorado Cloud
Of galaxies
G 00Ta41'33 +3948'50|NGC 185, Local Group, Cassiopeia,GO
LG 00Ta41'33 +3948'50|galaxy in Local Group
FS 00Ta49'19 -1556'21|omicron Cetus, MIRA
Double, (68)
IF 01Ta10'35 -1459'57|omicron Cetus, MIRA
Late-Type star, 6th strongest at 2 microns
429
430
431
432
433
434
Gemini
OA 00Ge00'15 +4330'09|Cassiopeia OB 6, (Ma)
Cas VI, (Sch) X Cas, (Ru) Ca
OA 00Ge22'44 +1351'25|Perseus OB 2, (Ma) Per
II, (Mo) II Per
FS 00Ge25'57 +1353'45|omicron Perseus, (40)
ATIKS, double
DI 00Ge39'58 +4212'53|IC 1848, Cassiopeia
DI 00Ge42'22 +1229'41|IC 8, omicron Perseus
N 00Ge52'15 +2416'31|Nova 1901 Persei No. 2 (GK)
FS 01Ge12'53 +2938'24|alpha Perseus, ALGENIB, (33)
OA 01Ge47'32 +2920'48|Persues OB 3, (Sch) III
Per, (Ru) Per III, alpha P
ME 01Ge49'20 +3846'48|Pereids
X 02Ge21'40 + 939'18|3U0352+30,
FS 02Ge25'41 +1120'03|zeta Perseus, MENKHIB
Spectroscopic double
R 02Ge58'09 - 911'44|4C 11.18
X 03Ge05'19 +3549'09|3U0318+55,
FS 03Ge07'58 +2210'09|nu Perseus, (41)
R 04Ge06'43 +3554'38|
FS 04Ge09'58 +2729'47|delta Perseus, (39)
FS 04Ge20'13 +1512'32|xi Perseus, (46)
Spectroscopic double
ME 04Ge22'44 + 200'32|Daytime Perseids
FS 04Ge25'47 -3634'18|53 Eridanus, SCEPTRUM, double
P 04Ge27'11 +3408'33|CP O329
FS 04Ge55'25 +1852'05|epsilon Perseus, (45), double
OC 04Ge59'20 - 603'29|Mel 25, Hyades, very
Loose and irregular cluster, Taurus
FS 05Ge03'30 - 600'29|gamma Taurus, (54)
OC 05Ge08'25 +4402'05|H 1, intermediate rich, Cassiopeia
DI 05Ge15'23 +1507'02|IC 1499, Perseus
California Nebula
X 05Ge32'08 +6316'04|strong source not disc.
By UHURU, perhaps variable
EB 05Ge43'19 +4959'36|RZ Cassiopeia
OA 05Ge56'02 +3835'42|Camelopardalis OB
1,(Mo) I Cam,(Ru) Cam I,(Sch) XI
FS 06Ge06'03 - 423'10|delta Taurus, (61)
FS 06Ge06'53 -2508'00|nu Eridanus, (48), variable
T 06Ge14'51 + 647'57|Tau T1 - RY Tau
R 06Ge47'21 -1602'06|3C 120, Superluminal object
SG 06Ge47'21 -1602'06|Radio source 3C 120
FS 07Ge11'14 - 610'17|theta one Taurus, (77)
DN 07Ge25'08 + 601'47|Taurus
435
436
FS
SS
SS
SS
MS
FS
FS
FS
R
SS
T
R
FS
X
FS
FS
OC
R
SS
FS
GC
OC
OC
MS
FS
FS
R
FS
DI
R
FS
DN
FS
FS
FS
N
G
IF
Q
437
438
439
Cancer
CS
CS
CS
FS
OC
FS
OC
FS
FS
OC
OC
R
DI
OA
SS
FS
FS
R
P
OC
FS
GA
MC
440
441
442
443
Leo
FS 00Le00'55 -5920'36|pi Puppis
FS 00Le07'43 +7754'21|eta Ursa Minor, (21)
Q 00Le26'15 - 945'51|3C 191 disc. 1966
First to exhibit strange absorption lines
PL 01Le00'21 -3846'19|NGC: 2440, Pup
FS 01Le50'37 +3014'45|iota Ursa Major
TALITHA, (9), double
P 01Le51'31 + 724'21|APO823+26
CG 01Le54'44 + 156'39|Cancer
G 01Le54'44 + 156'39|Cancer Cluster of 150 galaxies
FS 02Le20'14 -6526'31|L2 Puppis
Q 02Le20'29 -1441'15|4C 5.34
FS 02Le35'17 -4656'25|K Puppis, MARKEB, double
SS 02Le50'30 -2625'15|Perihelion Pallas
OC 03Le08'36 -4308'46|NGC 2447, M.93, quite
Rich and concentrated, Puppis
FS 03Le20'45 +2841'21|kappa Ursa Major, (12),double
SN 03Le24'28 + 854'32|1920 A (Jan) M 11.8 NGC 2608
FS 03Le32'08 -1011'10|beta Cancer, (17)
OC 03Le49'51 -2928'53|NGC 2506, quite rich
Concentrated, Monoceros
SS 03Le52'26 -8723'50|South Pole of Mars
FS 04Le02'30 -2205'53|zeta Monoceros, (29)
P 04Le14'20 -4741'45|PSRO74O-28
SN 04Le47'00 +3400'02|1912 A (Feb) M 13.0 NGC 2841
G 04Le47'23 +3401'46|NGC 2841 Ursa Major
OA 04Le51'13 -4710'25|Puppis OB 2, (Sch) I
444
445
446
447
Virgo
FS 00Vi06'14 -7021'16|chi Carina
FS 00Vi06'17 +2503'45|46 Leo Minor, omicron
Leo Minor
FS 00Vi25'38 +5135'52|delta Ursa Major
KAFEA, (69)
R 00Vi29'37 +2914'10|B2 1101+38, new BL
Lacertai object, rapid radio variable
G 00Vi37'39 +4716'60|NGC 3992, M.109, UMa
R 00Vi45'31 - 407'51|4C 07.30
CG 00Vi51'59 +4056'15|UMa III
G 00Vi51'59 +4056'15|UMa III Cluster of 90 galaxies
N 01Vi01'16 -4554'18|Novae 1890, 1902, 1920
1941 T Pyxis
R 01Vi14'30 +3236'29|4C 4O.28
Q 01Vi14'36 +3237'01|3C 254 early quasar
Q 01Vi23'23 -1116'47|0957+00
NS 01Vi27'44 +2720'37|Lal 21185
SS 01Vi40'53 +1032'13|Perihelion Ceres
X 02Vi04'10 -5950'51|3U0838-45, Vela X
Pulsar 0833-45 Vel XR-1?
FS 02Vi23'09 +4212'56|chi Ursa Major, (63)
FS 02Vi25'51 -1922'40|gamma Sextans, (8), double
P 03Vi06'13 -6043'14|PSR0833-45
R 03Vi24'19 -6009'19|Vela X
G 03Vi27'08 - 646'14|NGC 3169, Sextans, G5
FS 03Vi51'46 -1215'25|alpha Sextans, (15)
G 04Vi01'46 +6506'55|NGC 5322, Ursa Major
G 04Vi11'20 + 157'26|Leo Cluster of 300 galaxies
CG 04Vi11'53 + 158'43|Leo
SS 04Vi20'40 -8144'25|South Pole of Sun
FS 04Vi51'16 -2545'42|upsilon Hydra,(39)
SS 05Vi00'36 + 206'09|Aphelion Mars
G 05Vi07'15 +2001'19|NGC 3504, Leo Minor
OA 05Vi11'49 -5722'19|Vela OB 1, (Ma) Vela
(Sch) 1 Vel, (Ru) Vel I
G 05Vi14'22 -1729'03|NGC 3115, Sextans
G 05Vi17'23 -1338'51|Sextans A, Local
Group?, DDO 75
X 05Vi20'07 -5247'03|3U0900-40, Star HD
77581 Vel X-R 1
448
449
NS
G
G
G
OC
FS
WD
X
G
SG
G
FS
CS
FS
PL
FS
GA
FS
SS
G
G
SB
Q
G
G
Q
G
NG
SN
R
G
Q
Q
FS
R
P
OC
SN
R
G
Q
FS
G
Pallas to equator
11Vi56'14 + 028'25|Wolf 359
12Vi09'38 +1233'49|NGC 3607, Leo
12Vi17'25 -3348'38|NGC 3109, Hydra
12Vi24'18 +5903'47|NGC 5204, CVn Group, UMa
12Vi27'02 -6528'00|IC 2391, very loose
Irregular, O Vela
12Vi38'34 + 951'32|theta Leo, COXA, (70)
12Vi38'55 +1558'11|R 627
13Vi10'11 +3645'34|3U1207+39, NGC 4151
Seyfert galaxy intense X-rays
13Vi48'26 +3601'31|NGC 4151, Seyfert
9alaxy, CVn
13Vi48'26 +3601'31|NGC 4151
13Vi52'27 +4224'18|NGC 4449, UMa Group, CVn
14Vi00'12 -5106'32|psi Vela, double
14Vi11'59 -6144'30|Centroid of Local System
14Vi28'09 +5657'30|80 Ursa Major, ALCOR
Spectroscopic double
14Vi29'16 -2543'38|NGC: 3242, Hya
14Vi29'31 -2458'50|mu Hydra, (42)
14Vi34'08 +2916'30|NGC 3991
Contains 2 superassociations
14Vi37'40 +5635'34|zeta Ursa Major, MIZAR
(79) spectroscopic double
14Vi38'09 -7837'20|South Pole of Ceres
14Vi49'22 +1753'45|NGC 3745-54, Copeland Septet
14Vi49'34 + 742'21|NGC 3623, M.65, Leo Group
14Vi50'43 +5603'16|zeta two Ursa Major
14Vi58'37 +2758'54|4C 31.38
14Vi59'24 + 807'45|NGC 3627, Leo Group
M.66, Bright
15Vi00'10 + 809'42|NGC 3628, Leo Group
Bright member
15Vi13'23 + 647'11|1116+12
15Vi25'49 +3628'45|NGC 4244, UMa Group, CVn
15Vi41'30 + 759'34|M.66, M.96 Leo
16Vi30'13 +3408'02|1954 A (Apr 19) M 9.8
NGC 4214
16Vi30'18 +1824'40|4C 22.30
16Vi44'31 +3946'19|NGC 4490, UMa Group, CVn
16Vi48'13 - 741'18|3C 249.1
16Vi51'60 -1434'23|3C 246, 1049-09
16Vi52'02 +4043'37|beta Canes Venatici
ASTERION, (8)
17Vi14'26 +4752'05|4C 47.36
17Vi21'20 +1222'51|CP 1133
17Vi47'15 -7510'47|NGC 2516, quite rich
Concentrated, Carina
18Vi11'14 +2835'23|1941 C (Apr) M 16.8 NGC 4136
18Vi30'28 +7900'53|4C 66.17
18Vi32'52 +4127'04|NGC 4618, UMa Group, CVn
18Vi34'40 +3304'10|3C 27O.1
18Vi48'10 -6725'27|delta Vela, double
18Vi52'50 +5738'31|Holmberg V, A1338+54
450
451
Libra
CS
CG
G
G
SS
SN
00Li00'00
00Li00'26
00Li00'26
00Li06'57
00Li11'08
00Li18'14
NGC 4725
NG 00Li21'22
GC 00Li24'06
G 00Li43'48
X 00Li45'27
- 000'00|Equinox, Fall
+3141'15|Coma
+3141'15|Coma Cluster of 800 galaxies
+1601'31|NGC 4459, UMa Group, Com
-8835'58|South Pole of Neptune
+2733'41|1940 B (May 8) M 12.8
+1437'19|Virgo Cluster
-5118'35|NGC 3201, Vela
+3125'53|NGC 4874, Coma Cluster
+3131'22|3U1257+28, Coma cluster
452
G
FS
SN
G
CG
G
ME
CS
SS
R
X
G
R
SN
SN
P
SN
FS
FS
G
SN
G
G
G
Q
G
SS
SS
SS
Q
SB
G
SS
G
FS
FS
FS
453
SS
FS
SS
SN
P
R
FS
FS
SN
G
FS
G
G
SS
Q
G
G
G
SN
Q
G
FS
Q
SN
FS
SN
454
455
DN
R
FS
DN
GC
OA
Q
FS
FS
T
Q
WR
R
DI
N
IF
FS
G
SG
FS
SS
FS
SB
WR
FS
ME
FS
CG
G
OC
FS
FS
IF
FS
OA
T
Q
FS
FS
N
FS
OC
Spectroscopic double
17Li28'05 -1132'58|Coal sack
17Li31'38 - 532'25|
17Li45'17 + 113'21|theta Virgo, (51), double
18Li35'58 -5908'27|eta Carina
18Li41'22 -1927'15|NGC 4590, M.68, Hydra
18Li43'28 -5711'49|Carina OB 1, (Ma) Car
(Sch) I Car, (Ru) Car I
18Li46'04 +2916'49|1354+19
18Li50'52 -4047'20|beta Centaurus
18Li53'21 +2733'38|eta Bootes, MUFRID, (8)
Spectroscopic double
19Li02'12 -5814'13|Car T1 - eta Car (?)
19Li54'36 +1111'38|3C 287 early quasar
1959 radio source, 1968 bridge connection disc.
20Li30'11 -5925'16|Wolf-Rayet star
20Li30'58 -5828'14|Carina nebula
20Li34'04 -5828'43|NGC 3372, eta Carina
Keyhole Nebula
20Li34'04 -5828'43|Nova eta Carina
20Li34'33 -5828'48|eta Carina, brightest
At 20 microns..outside solar
20Li35'07 -7216'42|alpha Volens
Spectroscopic double
21Li00'15 +3655'44|NGC 5548, Seyfert
Galaxy, Boo
21Li00'15 +3655'44|NGC 5548
21Li21'46 -6718'16|upsilon Carina, double
21Li32'41 + 933'33|Descending South Node
Ceres to equator
21Li41'54 + 759'44|zeta Virgo, HEZE, (79)
21Li50'60 - 031'16|alpha Virgo
21Li58'42 -5910'04|eta Carina
21Li59'14 -5209'50|pi Centaurus, double
22Li05'17 +6220'35|Quadrantids
22Li10'59 +4218'09|rho Bootes, (25), variable
22Li35'45 +4324'40|Bootes
22Li35'45 +4324'40|Bootes Cluster of
22Li51'42 -5556'44|NGC 3532, fairly rich, Carina
23Li02'45 - 148'24|alpha Virgo, AZIMECH
SPICA,(67), spec. eclipsing binary
23Li34'41 +3040'57|alpha Bootes, ARCTURUS, (16)
23Li34'41 +3040'57|ARCTURUS, alpha Bootes
8th strongest source at 2 microns
24Li00'18 +5339'13|beta Bootes, MEREZ, (42)
24Li21'33 -5642'27|Carina OB 2(?), (Ru)
Car II
25Li12'46 -3944'18|Cen T1 - V 654 Cen (?)
25Li20'19 +3243'38|4C 2O.33
25Li44'31 -7749'01|epsilon Volens
Double, spectroscopic
25Li58'46 -1256'45|gamma Hydra, (46)
26Li42'17 -5735'20|Nova 1895 Carina (RS)
26Li47'17 -4430'03|delta Centaurus
26Li59'41 -6136'48|IC 2602, very loose
456
Scorpio
FS 00Sc12'18 -7208'37|beta Carina, MIAPLACIDUS
G 00Sc37'00 +1711'37|NGC 5566, Vir III Cloud
OC 01Sc11'46 -5510'13|NGC 3766, concentrated
And quite rich, Centaurus
X 01Sc18'11 -5511'33|3U1134-61
G 01Sc36'51 -1827'34|Centaurus Cluster of
300 galaxies
FS 01Sc37'42 -4009'25|gamma Centaurus, double
OA 01Sc52'22 -5546'26|Centaurus OB 2, (Ru) IC 2944
CG 02Sc01'33 -1922'50|Centaurus
VB 02Sc06'05 +3400'50|epsilon Beetes
DI 02Sc06'19 -5549'14|IC 2944, lamda Centaurus
EB 02Sc07'55 +7624'06|CM Draconis, dwarf
Eclipsing binary
FS 02Sc24'12 +5330'57|mu Bootes, ALKALUROPS
(51), double
FS 02Sc25'59 +2738'51|zeta Bootes, (30), double
FS 02Sc26'10 -2600'14|iota Centaurus
G 02Sc29'20 -1724'02|NGC 5236, M.83, Hydra
N 02Sc29'20 -1724'02|1968 NGC 5236
FS 02Sc31'37 +4851'13|delta Bootes, (49)
X 02Sc44'59 -5405'27|3U1145-61,
SN 02Sc53'29 -1819'27|1923 A (May Peculiar SN
M 14.0 NGC 5236
FS 02Sc57'18 + 736'08|iota Virgo, (99)
R 03Sc10'10 +4148'46|dumbell galaxy
FS 03Sc21'52 -5631'17|lamda Centaurus
N 03Sc44'04 -1843'23|Nova 1895 Centaurus No. 2
NG 03Sc44'04 -1843'23|M.83
G 03Sc45'56 -1844'16|NGC 5253, Centaurus
FS 03Sc58'20 + 225'49|kappa Virgo, (98)
IF 04Sc33'42 -4624'24|gamma crux, at 2
457
458
459
460
Sagittarius
VB 00Sa21'36 +5251'31|zeta Hercules
FS 00Sa33'23 +4208'38|beta Hercules
KORNEPHOROS, (27), spect. double
P 00Sa38'30 -4732'42|MP 1426
FS 00Sa42'31 +5316'03|zeta Hercules, (40)
Double, spectroscopic
FS 00Sa43'06 +3547'38|omega Hercules, KAJAM
(24), double
FS 00Sa44'02 -6806'60|gamma Chamaeleon
FS 01Sa03'53 -2209'11|gamma Lupus, double
FS 01Sa34'27 -4603'24|alpha Circinus, double
SB 01Sa34'33 + 232'09|beta Scorpio
SN 01Sa35'14 +4046'52|1926 B (Jun) M 14.8 NGC 6181
FS 01Sa40'23 +1653'44|delta Ophiuchus, YED
PRIOR, (1)
FS 01Sa50'41 - 150'32|delta Scorpio
DSCHUBBA. (7)
461
462
463
N
SB
FS
FS
P
SS
N
X
N
FS
X
FS
IF
P
X
SS
OA
OC
WR
GC
GC
GC
SS
GC
FS
P
P
X
FS
EB
X
X
PL
X
X
FS
GC
X
R
X
(Sch) I Ara
14Sa14'42 +1120'26|Nova 1848, Ophiuchus
No. 2
14Sa31'05 -1348'16|mu (one) Scorpio
14Sa35'35 +6025'46|rho Hercules, (75), double
14Sa42'49 -1214'48|epsilon Scorpio, (26)
14Sa55'11 -2151'59|PSR1641-45
14Sa58'32 + 048'57|Descending South Node
Sun Equator to ecliptic
14Sa59'20 - 620'20|Nova 1917 Ophiuchus No.5
15Sa08'15 -2204'37|3U1642-45, GX 340+0 Ara
1 ?
15Sa18'41 -2849'53|Nova 1910 Ara
15Sa20'49 -1434'36|eta Scorpio
Spectroscopic eclipsing binary
15Sa29'49 -2949'05|3U1636-53,
15Sa29'58 +3656'36|alpha2 Hercules
Spectroscopic double, RAS ALGETHI
15Sa29'58 +3656'36|alpha Hercules, 4th
Strongest source at 2 microns
15Sa56'46 + 429'49|MP1700-18
15Sa58'20 -1139'43|3U1653+35, Star HZ Her
Her X-1; 1971 discovered binary; Jan 9, 1972
16Sa03'22 + 140'59|Descending South Node
Venus to ecliptic
16Sa05'49 -1753'35|Scorpius OB 1, (Ma)
Sco, (mo) I Sco, (Ru) Sco I
16Sa15'31 -1803'00|NGC 6231, 0
Supergiants, Wolf-Rayet stars, Scorpio
Intermediate. rich
16Sa19'29 -1950'17|Wolf-Rayet star
16Sa24'05 - 308'18|NGC 6273, M.19, Ophiuchus
16Sa28'42 - 648'02|NGC 6266 M.62, Ophiuchus
16Sa33'03 + 114'59|NGC 6287, Ophiuchus
16Sa34'27 - 223'32|Aphelion Mercury
16Sa35'53 - 036'18|NGC 6284, Ophiuchus
16Sa36'21 -2006'55|zeta2 Scorpio, GRAFIAS
17Sa02'11 + 712'40|MP 1706
17Sa02'48 - 813'27|PSR1700-32
17Sa14'15 -4042'53|3U1632-64,
17Sa17'25 + 659'37|eta Ophiuchus, SABIK
(35), double
17Sa21'15 +2426'40|U Ophiuchus
17Sa21'16 -4414'39|3U1626-67,
17Sa40'54 -1317'42|3U1700-37, Star HD
153919 binary system
17Sa49'45 +1108'02|NGC: 6309, Oph
18Sa00'55 -1243'45|3U1702-36, GX 349+2 Sco
2, Sco XR-2
18Sa01'56 - 815'20|3U1704-32, L8
18Sa05'28 -3541'03|eta Ara
18Sa05'45 - 252'19|NGC 6293, Ophiuchus
18Sa19'19 + 034'43|3U1709-23, Oph XR-2 Oph 2
18Sa30'54 +2330'31|dumbell galaxy
18Sa39'27 -1841'51|3U1702-42, Ara XR-1, GX-14.1
464
465
FS
P
FS
X
FS
FS
FS
FS
FS
FS
FS
OC
X
FS
GC
FS
CS
IF
R
P
X
X
N
FS
FS
FS
X
OA
R
N
OC
IF
P
P
FS
SM
OC
N
Rich, Scorpio
23Sa54'49 -1415'42|lamda Scorpio, SHAULA, (35)
24Sa00'56 -2340'38|MP 1727
24Sa20'41 +7934'39|xi Draco, GRUMIUM, (32)
24Sa32'51 - 431'06|3U1735-28,
24Sa34'27 +5030'01|mu Hercules, (86), double
24Sa39'10 +2736'36|beta Ophiuchus, KELB
ALRAI, (60)
24Sa41'17 +1041'56|omicron Serpens, (56)
Spectroscopic double
24Sa47'48 -8133'55|alpha Mensa
24Sa51'32 -3720'43|delta Ara
24Sa52'24 -1905'58|theta Scorpio
24Sa57'54 -2640'01|alpha Ara
Spectroscopic double
24Sa59'39 - 751'09|NGC 6405, M.6
Intermediate rich, Scorpio
25Sa13'40 -2027'16|3U1735-44,
25Sa48'01 -1623'05|kappa Scorpio
25Sa56'44 -2850'01|NGC 6397, Ara
25Sa56'46 +2544'33|gamma Ophiuchus, (62)
26Sa05'27 - 412'42|Center of our Galaxy
26Sa06'50 - 414'09|Galactic Center, 7th
Strongest source at 20 micron
26Sa13'43 - 421'27|major component on
Galactic Nucleus, Sagittarius A
26Sa13'54 - 617'45|PSR 1742-30
26Sa23'41 - 530'11|3U1743-29, Sgr 1? SNR 1742-28?
26Sa32'42 - 146'51|3U1744-26, Sgr XR-1 GX+3
26Sa44'23 +1732'16|Nova 1898, 1933, 1958
RS Ophiuchus
26Sa49'17 -1637'02|iota Scorpio
27Sa13'60 -1411'52|G Scorpio
27Sa14'44 -4048'10|eta Pavo
27Sa16'55 -1316'59|3U1746-37, NGC 6441?
Globular cluster
27Sa17'47 - 530'21|Sagittarius OB 5, (Sch)
V Sgr, (Ru) Sgr V
27Sa21'37 - 534'31|Compact OH source
Approaching at 341 Km
sec
27Sa35'59 -1043'32|Nova 1950 V 720 Scorpio
27Sa38'56 + 157'09|NGC 6469, intermediate
Rich, Scorpio
27Sa42'35 +4947'06|89 Hercules, IF excess
27Sa43'50 -2233'32|MP 1747
27Sa44'08 - 401'34|PSR1749-28
27Sa45'49 +6104'18|theta Hercules, (89)
Spectroscopic variable
27Sa47'30 +4849'36|The basic solar motion
Or solar apex
28Sa02'02 -1014'34|NGC 6475, M.7
Intermediate rich, Scorpio
28Sa24'21 - 247'12|Nova 1936 V 732
Sagittarius rapid early development
466
Capricorn
CS
CS
CS
ME
VB
GC
DI
R
SM
OC
IF
OC
R
FS
FS
GC
T
OA
N
N
SM
OA
467
OC
IF
R
FS
OA
FS
N
X
FS
X
P
468
469
470
471
472
Aquarius
FS 00Aq15'35 +3822'37|alpha Sagitta, SHAM, (5)
N 00Aq15'56 +3912'51|Nova Sagittae 1977
Jan. 7,1977
FS 00Aq19'32 +4818'55|beta Cygnus, ALBIREO
(6), double
FS 00Aq21'30 +3143'17|gamma Aquila, REDA, (50)
SN 00Aq31'06 -8555'39|Supernova 1987A
Brightest since 1885
FS 00Aq36'12 +3833'35|beta Sagitta, (6)
FS 00Aq55'02 +2840'20|alpha Aquila, (53)
X 00Aq58'32 -8404'04|3U0521-72, LMC X-2 in
Large Magellanic Cloud
N 01Aq28'24 +2859'31|Nova V 500 Aquila, 1943
FS 01Aq42'47 +2636'29|beta Aquila, ALSHAIN
(60), double
P 02Aq10'49 +3743'42|MP 1944
DI 02Aq24'30 +4247'11|NGC 6820, Vulpecula
SB 02Aq38'04 + 457'19|beta Capricorn
FS 02Aq39'27 +3848'09|delta Sagitta, (7)
Spectroscopic double
FS 03Aq03'32 + 656'31|alpha Capricorn, GREDI
(5) double
SS 03Aq05'10 +2723'48|Aphelion Pallas
OA 03Aq15'16 +4449'30|Vulpecula Ob 4, (Sch)
II Vul
FS 03Aq26'14 + 458'32|beta Capricorn, DABIH
(9), spectroscopic doubles
OA 03Aq36'42 +4459'39|Vulpecula OB 1, (Mo) 1 Vul
SB 03Aq37'27 +1920'44|theta Aquila
FS 03Aq45'29 -3513'48|theta Indus, double
X 04Aq02'43 +3115'38|3U1956+11, March-April
1971= radio increase
FS 04Aq10'00 +1831'47|theta Aquila, ANCHA
(65), spectroscopic double
GC 04Aq42'42 +3901'20|NGC 6838 M.71, Sagitta
FS 04Aq59'53 -1511'41|alpha Microscopium, double
N 05Aq48'13 +4735'48|Nova 1670 Vulpecula (11)
DI 05Aq49'03 -8655'18|NGC 2070, Dorado
Tarantula Nebula, 30 Dor
X 05Aq49'58 +6420'55|3U1921+43, cluster
Abell 2319?
N 06Aq00'40 +4741'17|Nova 1968 Vulpecula LV
T 06Aq04'01 +3448'01|Del T1 - V 536 Aql
OA 06Aq14'30 +4834'46|Vulpecula OB 2, (Sch)
III Vul
FS 06Aq16'36 +3858'54|gamma Sagitta, (12)
FS 06Aq18'19 +4350'08|13 Vulpecula, double
FS 06Aq22'23 - 720'27|psi Capricorn, (16)
R 06Aq24'19 -7803'13|PKS 0410-75
FS 06Aq51'36 -7646'50|gamma Hydrus
FS 07Aq06'30 -8244'16|beta Mensa
FS 07Aq13'55 - 903'19|omega Capricorn, (18)
PL 07Aq39'24 +4203'29|NGC: 6853, Vul M27
473
474
475
SB
Q
GC
OA
DI
R
R
21Aq34'24 + 035'45|2135-14
21Aq39'22 +5829'14|Cygnus OB 8, (Sch) VIII Cyg
21Aq44'19 +2002'07|alpha equuleus
21Aq56'43 -1949'04|tau Pisces Austrinus, (15)
22Aq18'40 +6938'36|NGC: 6826, Cyg
22Aq31'08 +2024'14|alpha Equuleus, (8)
Spectroscopic double
22Aq52'40 + 909'05|beta Aquarius
SADALSUD, (22)
22Aq56'08 - 219'24|delta Capricorn, DENEB
ALGIEDI, (49), spectroscopic
22Aq58'15 +3221'35|NGC 7006, Delphinus
23Aq28'05 +2359'31|delta Equuleus, (7)
Double, spectroscopic
23Aq33'24 +5534'52|NGC 6913, M.29, loose
Poor, Cygnus
23Aq56'37 +5623'20|Cygnus OB 9, (Sch) IX Cyg
24Aq09'51 +5708'25|gamma Cygnus, SADOR
(37), double
24Aq27'22 +5713'23|
24Aq37'24 + 039'56|2146-13
24Aq45'32 -5223'27|PKS 2356-61
24Aq49'56 +1315'36|NGC 7089, M.2, Aquarius
25Aq11'11 +4649'13|NGC 6960, 52 Cygnus
Veil Nebula
25Aq46'04 -5724'03|beta Tucana, double
25Aq48'40 +5614'16|IC 1318, gamma Cygnus
26Aq10'10 - 946'59|Nova 1937b 220723 anon
26Aq13'09 +4710'37|Cygnus, Veil Nebula
26Aq22'54 +4546'32|Cygnus loop SN II
26Aq35'22 +6341'60|31 omicron (one) Cygnus
26Aq35'54 +4845'01|epsilon Cygnus, GIENAH
(53), double, spectroscopic
26Aq39'46 -2057'37|beta Pisces Austrinus
(17), double
27Aq46'16 +5647'01|3U2030+40, Cyg X-3
Short period binary with enormous increase
In radio output Fall 1972
27Aq49'16 +6358'09|32 omicron (two) Cygnus
28Aq19'60 +2959'11|3C 432
28Aq30'01 +2525'53|NGC 7078, M.15, Pegasus
28Aq37'37 +5741'03|Cygnus OB 2, (Sch) VI
Cyg, (Ru) Cyg II
28Aq38'26 +4633'01|NGC 6992-5, Veil Nebula
In Cygnus
28Aq49'38 - 522'50|dumbell galaxy
29Aq33'06 +5715'37|gamma Cygnus complex
Pisces
FS 00Pi16'21 -6933'44|delta Hydrus
FS 00Pi29'31 -2354'42|gamma Pisces Austrinus
(22), double
FS 00Pi31'54 -7116'46|epsilon Hydrus
FS 00Pi33'30 -1725'28|epsilon Pisces
476
477
478
479
480
Michael Erlewine
Internationally known
astrologer and author
Noel Tyl (author of 34
books on astrology)
has this to say about
Michael Erlewine:
Michael Erlewine
Michael Erlewine is
the giant influence
whose creativity is
forever imprinted on all astrologers work since the
beginning of the Computer era! He is the man who
single-handedly applied computer technology to
astrological measurement, research, and
interpretation, and has been the formative and leading
light of astrologys modern growth. Erlewine
humanized it all, adding perception and incisive
practical analyses to modern, computerized astrology.
Now, for a second generation of astrologers and their
public, Erlewines genius continues with StarTypes
and its simply amazing!
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482
483
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485
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488
491
Music Career
Michael Erlewines career in music started early on,
when he dropped out of high school and hitchhiked to
Venice West, in Santa Monica, California, in an
attempt to catch a ride on the tail end of the Beatnik
era. This was 1960, and he was a little late for that,
but right on time for the folk music revival that was
just beginning to bloom at that time. Like many other
people his age, Erlewine traveled from college center
to center across the nation: Ann Arbor, Berkeley,
Cambridge, and Greenwich Village. There was a wellbeaten track on which traveled the young folk
musicians of the future.
Erlewine, who also played folk guitar, hitchhiked for a
stint with a young Bob Dylan, and then more
extensively with guitar virtuoso and instrumentalist
Perry Lederman. Erlewine helped to put on Dylans
first concert in Ann Arbor. He hung out with people
like Ramblin Jack Elliot, Joan Baez, The New Lost
City Ramblers, and the County Gentlemen.
492
Email:
Michael Erlewine can be reached at
Michael@Erlewine.net
494