M.S.PV.

L POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

PAVOORCHATHRAM

“EEE” DEPARTMENT

ENERGY MANEGEMENT

SUBMITTED BY
M.SIVABALAN,

ENERGY MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLE OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT:

Energy management is a combined technological and management

function. The purpose of management is to conserve the energy. It is a continuous
process. It is continuous process. It includes engineering economics operational of
research and computer programming as well as day management of fuels and
equipments and modes of energy.

THE FUCTOIN OF ENERGYMANAGEMENT

• Collection of previous energy usage data and energy usage standards
• Preparation of energy efficient programmers and budget estimates for
their implementation.
• Identification of energy losses and energy inefficient devices
equipments.
• Initiation of energy conservation measures.
• Preparation of energy audit schedules.
• Supervising the energy conservation programmers.
• Evaluation of savings due to energy conservation measure.

EXAMPLE FOR ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROJECT:

NASA Energy Management

Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource Project
NASA Energy Management
Objective: Improve the Nation’s public and private capability for integrating
environmental data into sound management of energy production and energy
efficiency systems.
Goals:
1. Establish partnerships to facilitate the integration and adaptation of
NASA satellite analysis and modeling data into electric power industry
Decision Support System’s (DSS) and databases.
2. Target such datasets for Electric Power, Renewable Energy, Energy-
Efficient Building Design and Biomass Crop Development Industries
Satellite- DSS
Based Historic Records:
Retrievals POWE Renewables
R (RETScreen,
Data NREL), Buildings
Assimil- Integrati
Near-Term
ation on and Records
(GMAO,
Algorith
Forecast m Forecasts (day –
Models yrs):
(Days to Utilities (EPRI),
Decadal): Renewables

NASA POWER Project:

Integrated System Solution
EARTH SYSTEM MODELS DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS

Earth System & Climate Change: RET Screen

GMAO Analysis, NCEP Analysis Pre Provides common
diction
Seasonal Prediction Models: s platform for evaluating
project proposals while
NSIPP Analysis, NCEP Analysis
significantly reducing
Aerosol Transport Models:
20+ years the costs and
RAQMS, GMAO fvCAM, NCAR VALUE & BENEFITS
Past 90 days uncertainties of
WRF, GFDL FMS Atmosphere 1 – 15 day forecasts preliminary studies
Climate Models: GISS Model II, 12 – 18 month
Reduces the time and
GFDL FMS B-Grid Atmosphere seasonal forecasts
errors of a preliminary • Optimize
10 – 20 year forecasts
Atmosphere study renewable energy
*Supported Non-NASA
systems for
Model
NREL power production
ic Analysis Projects: ISCCP, SRB, HOMER Optimal integration
CERES-SARB, GVAP,
Data GPCP National Solar Radiation of traditional and
Temperature & humidity Database (NSRDB) renewable energy
profiles Provides data sets for
Cloud systems supply systems
EARTH OBSERVATIONS Land cover albedo numerous energy into electric
Land surface temperature management decisions power grid
Soil Moisture
Atmosphere: GOES, POES, Ocean Surface Winds Improved prediction
TRMM, Terra, Aqua, TOMS, Global Precipitation EPRI of electric power
Total Aerosol Amount
Aeronet, AIRNow, INTEX, Aura, Land Surface Topography Neural Net Load Forecast need and supply –
CALIPSO, APS, CloudSat, Trace gas Tools mitigate power
GPM, NPP, GIFTS, HYDROS profiles Forecasting tool for shortages,
Land : Terra, Aqua, Landsat, Energy industry prevent price
n s
Terrestrial Networks, BSRN,
erv atio Integration of renewable increase
ARM, SURFRAD, Obs sources to traditional
Reduction in
power grids
greenhouse
*Future Mission emissions from
energy production
NASA Energy Management
Energy Management Process
Flow

Identification of need Make contact and Develop specifications

for NASA data build partnerships that can improve
with prospective socioeconomic
Decision
What missions or benefits.
DSS developers and Support
ground systems will
data users in Systems
provide these Translate specs into
government and
measurements? results
industry Assessments
What models or
computational Cultivate new users.
technologies are
available? Upgrade capabilities
and parameters as
What information new analysis and
systems are modeling techniques
necessary? are developed and
If not available, improved
assess need &
priority.
V&V/Benchmarking
Evaluation Partnership Prototype
Transfer Outputs to
Research Development Datasets
Operations

1
Process flow

NASA POWER Partnership Example:

RETScreen from NRCAN/CANMET

Natural Resources Canada

RETScreen

Photo Credit: Green Mountain Power

Corporation/ NRELPix

RETScreen Design System

(>68,000 Global Users) Solar Water Heating
Example
Key Issues in Urban Energy Management
One of the key causes for environmental damage in both developing and OECD
countries is the way in which energy is extracted, distributed and used. The need is
therefore particularly strong for a shift from current preference of energy derived
from finite, fossil-based fuels, to one that is cleaner, low-carbon, renewable forms of
energy.

A number of trends in energy management is driving this need for change. Principle
among them is the multiplier effect of using green low-impact and cleaner energy
forms. Many of today's economic activities are greatly dependent on energy supply.
Using green energy not only enables saving on the economic front, it also facilitates
action on other green aspects. For example, activities related to environmental
remediation such as managing hazardous waste, cleaning water, pollution remediation
etc. are all energy-intensive tasks themselves.

Many of the global environmental problems that we are currently facing - climate
change, biodiversity loss, desertification etc. - need at its core a campaign towards
cleaner and greener energy that will stimulate action in other fronts in governance,
education and technologies.

Ultimately, it is the human dimension that will benefit from clean energy. Inefficient
energy management and use greatly affect air, water or land quality that ultimately
impacts human health. Switching to a cleaner form of energy is in itself a significant
multiplier for improving human health.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM:
Introduction:
Energy management is a programmer of well-planned actions aimed at
reducing an organization’s energy bills and minimizing the detrimental environmental
impact. It involves
• Regular reporting of savings achieved,
• Providing resources where required,
• Implementing energy saving measures,
• Collecting and analyzing existing energy use data,
 • Developing responsibility for those who deal with energy bills and
have the authority to change the way energy is used.
NEED:

Successful energy management requires the establishment of a system to

collect, analysis and report on the organization’s energy consumption and cost. This
will enable a cost. This enable an over vive of energy-use and its related costs, as well
as facilitating the identification of saving that might otherwise not be detected. The
system needs to records both past and ongoing energy use, as well as cost information
from billing data be capable of producing summary reports on a regular basis. This
information will provide the means by which trends can be analyzed

Functionality Power EMS

 Load Shedding

 Active and Reactive Power Control

 Mode Control

 Supervision, Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

 Re-Starting

 Synchronisation
 Circuit breaker Control

 Transformer Control
 Motor Control

 Generator Control
 Network Configuration Determination
Report for the Centre for Energy Management of India:
The Inspiration:

India ranks sixth in the world in terms of energy demand accounting for
3.5 percent of world commercial energy demand in 2001. With a gross domestic
product (GDP) growth of 8 per cent set for the Tenth Five Year Plan, the energy
demand is expected to grow at 5.2 percent. At the time of independence, over 70
percent of the total energy consumption of India was met by the non commercial
sources of supplies like firewood, during cake and agricultural waste. Progressively,
the situation has reversed, with the changes in the demographic structure brought
about by rapid urbanization. Amongst the commercial energy sources, coal, due to its
abundance, is a predominant source of energy, accounting for 55% of the current
Indian energy consumption of about 315 MTOE in 2001. This is followed by Oil
(31%), Natural Gas (8%), Hydro (5%) and Nuclear (1%). Primary commercial energy
demand grew almost three-fold at an annual rate of 6 per cent between 1981 and
2001, to reach 314.7 million tones of oil equivalent. India's incremental energy
demand for the next decade is projected to be among the highest in the world, spurred
by sustained economic growth, rise in income levels and increased availability of
goods and services.

India's commercial energy demand is expected to grow even more rapidly than in the
past as it goes down the reform path in order to raise standards of living. A large part
of India's population does not have access to commercial energy.

The latest estimates indicate that India has around 0.4 per cent of the world's proven
reserves of crude oil. As against this, the domestic crude consumption is estimated at
2.8 per cent of the world's consumption. The balance of recoverable reserves as
estimated in the beginning of 2001 is placed at 733.70 million tones (mt) of crude and
749.65 billion cubic meters (BCM) of natural gas. The share of hydrocarbons in the
primary commercial energy consumption of the country has been increasing over the
years and is presently estimated at 44.9 per cent (36.0 per cent for oil and 8.9 per cent
for natural gas). The demand for oil is likely to increase further during the next two
decades. Reforms in the energy sector were initiated to supplement the Government's
efforts in the development of the sector and to make it more efficient. The
Government has been endeavoring to provide a policy environment that encourages
free and fair competition in each element of the energy value chain and attracts
capital from all sources - public and private, domestic and foreign. Encouraging such
capital formation is crucial for India to meet its energy needs. Significant progress
has been made in establishing independent and transparent regulatory authorities in
the power sector to facilitate the rationalization of electricity tariff as well as to
encourage competition while protecting the interest of all stakeholders. There is a
need to examine the issue of the single regulatory authority for the energy sector with
a view to developing the desired fuel-mix and related issues, in close association with
sub-sector regulatory authorities.

Power is one of the prime movers of economic development. The Government has,
since Independence, been giving priority to this sector while fixing the Plan outlays.
As a result, the installed generation capacity has risen from a mere 1,300 megawatt
(MW) at the time of Independence to more than 1,00,000 MW today. Along with the
growth in installed generation capacity, there has also been a phenomenal increase in
the transmission and distribution (T&D) capacity. However, despite these
achievements, the power sector has not kept pace with the growth in demand with the
result that the country has always faced energy and peaking shortages. This is mainly
due to un-economic tariffs for agriculture, lower slabs of domestic consumption and
high T&D losses, which often disguise large-scale theft, and low billing and
collection efficiency. This is the main roadblock to attracting the much-needed private
investment. Power sector reforms were initiated in 1991 to encourage competition in
each sub element of the sector, namely, generation, transmission and distribution
under an independent and transparent regulatory regime. With this objective in mind
a Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) has already been set up at the
national level and State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs) set up in states.

Reforms in the energy sector were initiated to supplement the Government's efforts in
the development of the sector and to make it more efficient. The Government has
been endeavoring to provide a policy environment that encourages free and fair
competition in each element of the energy value chain and attracts capital from all
sources- public and private, domestic and foreign. Encouraging such capital
formation is crucial for India to meet its energy needs. The thrust of the reforms has
been to deregulate the price of commercial energy resources (which, until recently,
were entirely administered), increase competition through institutional, legislative
and regulatory reforms and reduce subsidies.

Main strategic thrust in oil & gas in the long and medium term in the hydrocarbon
sector in India is as under:

a. Focus on oil security through intensification of exploration efforts and

achievement of 100 per cent coverage of unexplored basins in a time bound
manner to enhance domestic availability of oil and gas.
 b. Secure acreages in identified countries having high attractiveness for ensuring
long term supplies.

c. Pursue projects to meet the deficit in demand and supply of natural gas and
facilitate availing of LNG.

d. Maintain adequate level of self-sufficiency in refining. (90% of consumption of

middle distillates).

e. Establish adequate strategic storage of crude and petroleum products in

different locations.

f. Create additional infrastructure for distribution and marketing of oil and gas.

g. Open up the hydrocarbon markets so that there is free and fair competition
between public sector enterprises, private companies and other international
players.

h. Create a policy framework for cleaner and greener fuels.

i. Have a rational tariff and pricing policy, which would ensure the consumer
getting the petroleum products at the most reasonable prices and requisite
quality eliminating adulteration.

j. Announce a long-term fiscal policy to attract required investment in the

hydrocarbon sector.

k. Restructure the oil sector PSUs with the objective of enhancing shareholder
value and disinvest in a phased manner.

l. Develop regulatory and legislative framework for providing oil/gas security for
the country.

Some of the specific issues being faced in Power Sector today are:

• Lack of proper metering facilities to monitor power exchanges restricts volume

of power traded.

• It is a fact that weak communication facilities lead to grid collapses and long
restoration time.

• It has been estimated that construction of additional inter-regional links will

lead to additional utilization of 6,500 - 6,700 k Wh.
• Data on performance of thermal plants shows that coal quality and availability
of thermal plants shows that coal quality and availability are two of several
factors for low PLF of plants.

• Apart from other constraints, wide fluctuations in high transmission voltages,

system frequency and inadequate reactive power compensation across states
may be preventing exchange of power over and above the present levels.

• Lack of grid discipline in the system in terms of penalties for overdraw and
underdrawal by state units from the scheduled transfer scheme.

• Plants remain unutilized because of lack of demand whereas other regions are
power starved.

• Unremunerative tariffs by State Electricity Boards have left most SEBs

financially very weak without necessary resources to carry out even normal
maintenance and system improvements.

• Government must encourage private participation in operation and

maintenance of existing plants.

• The transmission and distribution losses in our country are estimated at around
22 per cent. It is estimated that improvement in system design is a cost and
time effective option since such projects cost less than Rs. 1 crore for every
MW of new capacity saved and involved a gestation period of less than one
year.