Chapter 7: Respiration

7.1
Differences:
Aerobic respiration
Presence of oxygen
C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 +

Anaerobic respiration
Absent of oxygen
C6H12O6 > 2C3H6O3 + E(150)

6H2O + E(2898)

(lactic acid)
C6H12O6 > 2C2H5OH + CO2 +
E(210)

Complete oxidation of glucose

(ethanol)
Incomplete oxidation of
glucose

7.2 The Respiratory Structures and Breathing Mechanism

in Human and Animal
1.Protozoa (x)
2.Insects
3.Fish
Structural
Adaptation
+
Breathing Mechanism
4.Amphibians
5.Human (x)

Insects:
Tracheal System
Structural Adaptation
Large number of
tracheoles
Contain fluid
Tracheoles close to the
body cell

Explanation
Large surface area for the diffusion
of gases
Dissolve the respiratory gases
Transport oxygen directly to the cell
in the different part of body

Breathing Mechanism:
1. When inhales, the abdominal muscle relax, spiracle open.
2. Air pressure insides the tracheae decrease, air is drawn in.
3. When exhales, abdominal muscle contract.
4. The increased air pressure in the tracheae forces air out.

Fish:

Gills System
Structural Adaptation
Large number of
lamellae
Very thin membrane of
filament
Network of blood
capillaries

Explanation
Large surface area for the diffusion
of gases
Allow the absorption of respiratory
gases.
Efficient exchange and transport of
gases .

Breathing Mechanism:
1.When inhales, mouth open.
2.Operculum closed.
3.The floor of buccal cavity lower.
4.The pressure of buccal cavity is lower.
5.Water with dissolved O2 is drawn into mouth.

Frog:
Skin and pulmonary system
Structural Adaptation Explanation
Very thin, moist skin
Allow the absorption of respiratory
gases.
Network of blood
Efficient exchange and transport of
capillaries
gases .

Breathing Mechanism:
1.When inhales, nostril open.
2.Glottis closed.
3.Bucco-pharyngeal cavity lower.
4.Fresh air drawn into bucco-pharyngeal cavity.
5.Glottis open
6.Nostril closed.
7.The increased air pressure forces air into lungs.