Partial fraction decompositions

s 2 2s 4
1. Evaluate L 4
2
3
s

2
s

Solution:
s 2 2s 4
s 2 2s 4
s 2 2s 4

s 4 2s 3 s 2 s 2 ( s 2 2s 1) s 2 ( s 1) 2

Let

s 2 2s 4 A B
C
D
2

2
2
s ( s 1)
s s s 1 ( s 1) 2
s 2 2 s 4 As ( s 1) 2 B ( s 1) 2 Cs 2 ( s 1) Ds 2

s = 0 B = 4
s = 1 1 2 4 = D D = 5.
Equating the coefficient of s2.
1 = 2A + B + C + D
1 = 2A 4 + C 5 2A + C = 10

(1)

Equating the coefficient of s3

0=A+C
From (1) and (2) A = 10

(2)
; C = 10

s 2 2s 4
10 4 10
5
L1
2

4
2
2
s ( s 1)
s s s 1 ( s 1)

L1

1
1
1
1 1
1
1
4 L 2 10 L
5L
2
s
s
s 1
( s 1)

10 L1

 10 4t 10e t 5te t

2. Evaluate:

Solution:

6 s 2 22 s 18
L 3

2
s 6s 11s 6
1

(Ans).

6 s 2 22 s 18
6 s 2 22 s 18

s 3 6 s 2 11s 6 ( s 1)( s 2)( s 3)

Let

6 s 2 22s 18
A
B
C

( s 1)( s 2)( s 3) s 1 s 2 s 3

6 s 2 22 s 18 A( s 2)( s 3) B( s 1)( s 3) C ( s 1)( s 2)

Put s = 1,

6 22 + 18 = 2A

A= 1

Put s = 2,

24 44 + 18 = B

B=2

Put s = 3,

54 66 + 18 = 2C

C=3

6 s 2 22 s 18
1
2
3
1

s 1 s 2 s 3
( s 1)( s 2)( s 3)

L1

1
1
1
1
1
2L
3L

s 1
s 2
s 3

L1

e t 2e 2t 3e 3t Ans

3. Evaluate:

5s 2 15s 11
L
3
(
s

1)(
s

2)

Soln.
Let

5s 2 15s 11
A
B
C
D

---- (1)
( s 1)( s 2)3 ( s 1) ( s 2) ( s 2) 2 ( s 2)3

Multiplying (1) by s+1 and putting s 1 A

1
3

3
Multiplying (1) by ( s 2) and putting s 2 D 7

5s 2 15s 11 1/ 3
B
C
7

3
2
3 ---(2)
( s 1)( s 2) ( s 1) ( s 2) ( s 2) ( s 2)
To determine B and C , substitute s = 0 and s= 1 in (2) we get

11
1 B C 7
3C 6 B 10 (3)
8
3 2 4 8
21
1
B C 7 3C 3B 11 (4)
2
6
From (3) and (4) C 4 and

B=1/3

 5s 2 15s 11
L
3
(
s

1)(
s

2)

1/ 3
4
7
1/ 3
L

3
2
(
s

1)
(
s

2)
(
s

2)
(
s

2)

7
1/ 3
1 1/ 3 1 4
1
L
L
L

2
3
( s 2)
( s 2)
( s 1)

( s 2)
1
1
7
e t e 2 t 4te 2 t t 2 e 2 t Ans.
3
3
2
1

4. Evaluate:

s 2 2s 3

2
2
(
s

2
s

2)(
s

2
s

5)

L1

Soln.
Let

s 2 2s 3
( s 2 2s 2)( s 2 2s 5)
s 2 2s 3

( s 1 i )( s 1 i )( s 1 2i )( s 1 2i )
A
B
C
D

( s 1 i ) ( s 1 i ) ( s 1 2i ) ( s 1 2i)
Solving we get

1
1
1
1
, B , C ,D
6i
6i
6i
6i

s 2 2s 3

L 2

2
(
s

2
s

2)(
s

2
s

5)

1
1
1
1
L1
L1
6i
s 1 i 6i
s 1 i
1
1
1
1
L1
L1
6i
s 1 2i 6i
s 1 2i
1
1
1
1
e (1i ) t e (1i ) t e (1 2 i ) t e (12 i ) t
6i
6i
6i
6i
1 t eit e it 1 t e 2it e 2it
e
e
3
2i
3
2i
1
1
e t sin t e t sin 2t
3
3
1
e t (sin t sin 2t ) Ans.
3
1