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Stresses in Pressure Vessel
Stresses in Pressure Vessel
o Any container that holds a fluid under a positive or negative internal pressure
Pressure may be well above or below atmospheric pressure
Vessels holding fluids under static pressure are also pressure vessels
o Many are used in everyday life
LessonExamples
Lab Procedure
o You will perform tests on two different pressure vessels
Thin-walled and thick-walled
o Thin-Walled Vessel Test
Pressure vessel is considered thin-walled if
Inside radius
10
Wall Thickness
We will use a 3 strain gage rosette to measure strain on the outside of the
vessel wall as pressure is applied inside
Note the orientation of the 3 strain gages in the rosette
Should be 0, 45, and 90
Also make sure you properly label which gage is A, B, and C for
the data you collect
Draw on board
B
p
C
p
p (psi)
Use linear regression to calculate the slope i of the lines for each of
p
your strain gages
Calculate the strains along the x and y axes along with the
shearing strain
o
o
A x'
p
p
C y'
p
2 B A C
x' y'
p p
p
p
Above equations come from the fact that if we have 3 strain gages
measuring strain at a given point
o With each gage arbitrarily oriented we can use the
following:
A x ' cos 2 A y ' sin 2 A x ' y ' sin A cos A
o
y'
x'
p
p
y'
E y'
x '
2
p
p
1 p
x' y '
x' y'
G
p
p
x'
E
p
1 2
E
21
p
2
will be the principal stress in the axial direction
p
o Thick-Wall Experiment
Much simpler than the thin-walled vessel
Gage #1 directly measures principal strain in the hoop direction 1
Gage #2 directly measures the principal strain in the radial direction 3
Again, create a strain vs. pressure plot and find the slope of the two lines
on your graph
Use Hookes law to calculate principal stresses using the measured
principal strains
1
E 1
2
p 1 p
p
3
E 3
2
p 1 p
p
Do not worry about the maximum shear stresses for the thick wall vessel
o Theoretical Equations- Reference Values
Thin-Wall Pressure Vessel
Equations are applicable if
o
o
o
a
10
t
1 a
(hoop)
p
t
2
a
(axial)
p
2t
3
1 (radial)
p
b2
a 2 1 2
o 1
r (hoop)
2
p
b a2
2
a2
o
(axial)
2
2
b a
3
p
b2
a 1
r2
(radial)
b2 a2
x'
Lab Report
o Memo completed by your group worth 100 points
Attach your initialed data sheet
Also attach a set of hand calculations
o Experimental Results
Thin-walled vessel
Show the graph you will create from your data
Include a table or tables showing your calculated experimental
values for the following:
x'
p
y'
y'
x'y'
2
xy
1
'
'
2
p
p
for the thin-walled vessel using both the thin-wall and thick-wall
theory
o Use a % error to compare your experimental values to the
reference values
Thick-Walled Vessel
Show the graph you will create from your data
Include a table showing the following calculated experimental
values:
3
3
1
1
p
p
p
p
3
and
o Each group will come to the board and fill in their experimental values for the
following:
Vessel Type
3
1
2
p
p
p
Thin-Walled
N/A
Thick-Walled
N/A