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Boas MM Solutions
Boas MM Solutions
1.1
1.3
1.6
1.9
1.13
1.16
2.1
2.4
2.7
e2
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
2.2
2.5
2.8
1/2
0
0
2.3
2.6
2.9
an
an
an
an
an
5.1
5.4
5.7
5.9
D
D
Test further
D
5.2
5.5
5.8
5.10
6.5
Note:
6.7
6.10
6.13
6.19
6.22
6.25
6.28
6.32
6.35
(a) D
6.5
In the following answers,
D, I =
6.8
C, I = /6
6.11
D, I =
6.14
C, = 3/4
6.20
C, = 0
6.23
C, = 0
6.26
C, =P
4/27
6.29
D, cf.
n1
6.33
P 2
C, cf.
n
6.36
Test further
D
Test further
D
5.3
5.6
Test further
Test further
(b) D
R
I=
an dn; = test ratio.
D, I =
6.9 C, I = 0
C, I = 0
6.12 C, I = 0
D, I =
6.18 D, = 2
C, = 0
6.21 D, = 5/4
D, =
6.24 D, = 9/8
C, = (e/3)3
6.27 D, =P
100
D, =P
2
6.31 D, cf. P n1
C, cf.
2n
6.34 C, cf.
n2
P 1/2
D, cf.
n
Chapter 1
7.1
7.5
C
C
9.1
9.3
9.5
9.7
9.9
9.11
9.13
9.15
9.17
9.19
9.21
9.22
P 1
D, cf.
n
C, I =P
0
C, cf.
n2
D, = 4/3
D, = e
P
D, I = , or cf.P n1
C, I = 0, or cf.
n2
D, = , an 6 0
C, = 1/27
C
C, = 1/2
(a) C
(b) D
10.1
10.4
10.7
10.10
10.13
10.16
10.19
10.22
10.25
7.2
7.6
D
D
7.3
7.7
C
C
7.4
7.8
C
C
9.2
9.4
9.6
9.8
9.10
9.12
9.14
9.16
9.18
9.20
D, an 6 0
P 1
D, I = , or cf.
n
C, = 1/4
C, = 1/5
D, an 6
P 0 2
C, cf.
n
C, alt.P
ser.
C, cf.
n2
C, alt. ser.
C
(c) k > e
|x| <
1
10.2 |x| < 3/2
10.3 |x| 1
|x| 2
10.5 All x
10.6 All x
1 x < 1
10.8 1 < x 1
10.9 |x| < 1
|x| 1
10.11 5 x < 5
10.12 |x| < 1/2
1 < x 1
10.14 |x| < 3
10.15 1 < x < 5
1 < x < 3
10.17 2 < x 0
10.18 3/4 x 1/4
|x| < 3
10.20 All x
10.21 0 x
1
No x
10.23 x > 2 or x < 4
10.24 |x| < 5/2
n /6 < x < n + /6
1/2
(1)n (2n 1)!!
1/2
13.4
= 1;
=
(2n)!!
0
n
Answers to part (b), Problems 5 to 19:
n+2
X
X
x
1/2 n+1
13.5
13.6
x
(see Example 2)
n
n
1
0
X
X
1/2
(1)n x2n
13.8
(x2 )n (see Problem 13.4)
13.7
(2n
+
1)!
n
0
0
X
X
(1)n x4n+2
13.9 1 + 2 xn
13.10
(2n + 1)!
1
0
n n
X
X
(1) x
(1)n x4n+1
13.11
13.12
(2n + 1)!
(2n)!(4n + 1)
0
0
n 2n+1
X
X
(1) x
x2n+1
13.13
13.14
n!(2n + 1)
2n + 1
0
0
X 1/2
x2n+1
13.15
(1)n
n
2n + 1
0
2n
X
X
xn
x
13.17 2
13.16
(2n)!
n
0
oddn
X 1/2 x2n+1
X (1)n x2n+1
13.19
13.18
n
(2n + 1)(2n + 1)!
2n + 1
0
0
2
3
5
6
13.20 x + x + x /3 x /30 x /90
13.21 x2 + 2x4 /3 + 17x6 /45
13.22 1 + 2x + 5x2 /2 + 8x3 /3 + 65x4 /24
13.23 1 x + x3 x4 + x6
Chapter 1
13.24
13.25
13.26
13.27
13.28
13.29
13.30
13.31
13.32
13.33
13.34
13.35
13.36
13.37
13.38
13.39
13.40
13.41
13.42
13.43
13.44
Chapter 1
15.30 (a) T = F (5/x + x/40 x3 /16000 )
(b) T = 21 (F/)(1 + 2 /6 + 74 /360 )
15.31 (a) finite
(b) infinite
16.1 (c) overhang:
2
3
10
100
books needed:
32
228
2.7 108
4 1086
P 3/2
16.4 C, = 0
16.5 D, an 6
16.6 C, cf.
n
P 0 1
16.7 D, I =
16.8 D, cf.
n
16.9 1 x < 1
16.10 |x| < 4
16.11 |x| 1
16.12 |x| < 5
16.13 5 < x 1
16.14 1 x2 /2 + x3 /2 5x4 /12
16.15 x2 /6 x4 /180 x6 /2835
16.16 1 x/2 + 3x2 /8 11x3 /48 + 19x4 /128
16.17 1 + x2 /2 + x4 /4 + 7x6 /48
16.18 x x3 /3 + x5 /5 x7 /7
16.19 (x ) + (x )3 /3! (x )5 /5!
16.20 2 + (x 8)/12 (x 8)2 /(25 32 ) + 5(x 8)3 /(28 34 )
16.21 e[1 + (x 1) + (x 1)2 /2! + (x 1)3 /3! ]
16.22 arc tan 1 = /4
16.23 1 (sin)/ = 1
16.24 eln 3 1 = 2
16.25 2
16.26 1/3
16.27 2/3
16.28 1
16.29 6!
16.30 (b) For N = 130, 10.5821 < (1.1) < 10.5868
16.31 (a) 10430 terms. For N = 200, 100.5755 < (1.01) < 100.5803
16.31 (b) 2.66 1086 terms. For N = 15, 1.6905 < S < 1.6952
200
86
16.31 (c) ee = 103.138210 terms. For N = 40, 38.4048 < S < 38.4088
Chapter 2
x
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
1
1
1
3
0
0
1
3
2
2
3
2
0
2
1
5
1
0
4.69
2.39
1
1
3
1
2
4
0
0
2
2
1
2 3
1
2
0
0
1
3
1.71
6.58
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
1/2
1/2
1
0
2
1
7/5
1.6
10.4
25/17
17
2.65
1.55
1.27
21/29
1.53
7.35
0.94
1/2
1/2
0
2
2 3
0
1/5
2.7
22.7
19/17
12
1.41
4.76
2.5
20/29
1.29
10.9
0.36
2
2
2
2
2
4
1
3
22
2 2
2
4
1
2
1
5
2
3
5
7
1/2
1/ 2
1
2
4
1
2
3.14
p 25
58/17
20.8
3
5
2.8
1
2
13.1
1
/4
3/4
/3
5/6
/2
/2
0
3/4
/4
/6
2/3
3/2
/4
or
0
/4
/2
20 = 0.35
110 = 1.92
/4
3/4 or 5/4
0
/2
/3
8.13 = 0.14
59.3 = 1.04
2 = 114.6
142.8 = 2.49
35.2 = 0.615
28 = 0.49
2/5
1.1 = 63
43.6 = 0.76
40 = 0.698
124 = 2.16
201 or 159,
3.51 or 2.77
Chapter 2
(2 + 3i)/13; (x yi)/(x2 + y 2 )
(5 + 12i)/169; (x2 y 2 2ixy)/(x2 + y 2 )2
(1 + i)/6; (x + 1 iy)/[(x + 1)2 + y 2 ]
(1 + 2i)/10; [x i(y 1)]/[x2 + (y 1)2 ]
(6 3i)/5; (1 x2 y 2 + 2yi)/[(1 x)2 + y 2 ]
2
(5 12i)/13; (x2 y 2 + 2ixy)/(x
+ y2)
p
1
5.27
13/2
5.28 1
5 5
5.30 3/2
5.31 1
169
5.33 5
5.34 1
x = 4, y = 3
5.36 x = 1/2, y = 3
x=y=0
5.38 x = 7, y = 2
x = y = any real number
5.40 x = 0, y = 3
x = 1, y = 1
5.42 x = 1/7, y = 10/7
(x, y) = (0, 0), or (1, 1), or (1, 1)
x = 0, y = 2
x = 0, any real y; or y = 0, any real x
y = x
6.2 D, = 2
6.3 C, = 1/ 2
6.4 D, |an |
= 1 6 0
6.5 D
6.6 C
6.7 D, = 2
6.8 D, |an | = 1 6 0
6.9 C
6.10 C, = p2/2
6.11 C, = 1/5
6.12 C
6.13 C, = 2/5
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.26
5.29
5.32
5.35
5.37
5.39
5.41
5.43
5.44
5.45
5.46
5.47
5.48
5.49
5.50
5.51
5.52
5.53
5.54
5.55
5.56
5.57
5.58
5.59
5.60
5.61
5.62
5.63
5.64
5.67
5.68
7.1
7.4
7.7
7.10
7.13
7.16
All z
|z| < 1
All z
|z| < 1
|z i| < 1
|z + (i 3)| < 1/ 2
8.3
7.2
7.5
7.8
7.11
7.14
|z| < 1
|z| < 2
All z
|z| < 27
|z 2i| < 1
7.3
7.6
7.9
7.12
7.15
All z
|z| < 1/3
|z| < 1
|z| < 4
|z (2 i)| < 2
Chapter 2
9.1
9.4
9.7
9.10
9.13
9.16
9.19
9.22
9.25
9.30
9.33
9.36
10.1
10.3
10.5
10.7
10.9
10.10
10.11
10.13
10.15
10.17
10.18
10.20
10.22
10.23
10.24
10.25
10.26
10.28
11.3
11.7
(1 i)/ 2
9.2 i
9.3 9i
e(1 + i 3)/2
9.5 1
9.6 1
3e2
9.8 3 + i
9.9 2i
2
9.11 1 i
9.12 2 2i 3
4
+ 4i
9.14 64
9.15 2i 4
2 3 2i
9.17 (1 + i)/4
9.18 1
16
9.20 i
9.21 1
i
9.23 ( 3 +i)/4
9.24 4i
9.29 1
1
9.26 (1 + i 3)/2
3
e
9.31 5
9.32 3e2
3
2e
9.34 4/e
9.35 21
4
9.37 1
9.38 1/ 2
1, (1 i 3)/2
10.2 3, 3(1 i 3)/2
1, i
10.4 2, 2i
1,
10.6 2, 1 i 3
(1
i 3)/2
10.8 1, i, (1 i)/ 2
2, i 2, 1 i
1, 0.309 0.951i, 0.809 0.588i
2, 0.618 1.902i, 1.618 1.176i
10.12 1, 1 i 3 /2
2, 1 i 3
1 i
10.14 (1 i)/
2
2i, 3 i
10.16 i, ( 3 i)/2
1, 0.809
0.588i, 0.309 0.951i
X
X
x2n+1
x2n
12.22 sinh x =
, cosh x =
(2n + 1)!
(2n)!
n=0
n=0
12.23 cos x, | cos x|
12.24 cosh x
p
12.25 sin x cosh y i cos x sinh y,
sin2 x + sinh2 y
12.26 cosh 2 cos 3 i sinh 2 sin 3 = 3.725 0.512i, 3.760
12.27 sin 4 cosh 3 + i cos 4 sinh 3 = 7.62 6.55i, 10.05
12.28 tanh 1 = 0.762
12.29 1
12.30 i
12.31 (3 + 5i 3)/8
12.32 4i/3
12.33 i tanh 1 = 0.762i
12.34 i sinh(/2) = 2.301i
12.35 cosh 2 = 3.76
12.36 i cosh 1 = 1.543i
12.37 cosh
Chapter 2
14.1
14.3
14.5
14.7
14.9
14.11
14.12
14.13
14.14
14.15
14.16
14.17
14.18
14.20
14.22
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
15.10
15.11
15.12
15.13
15.14
15.15
15.16
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
16.10
16.12
1 + i
14.2 i/2 or 3i/2
Ln 2 + i/6
14.4 (1/2) Ln 2 + 3i/4
Ln 2 + 5i/4
14.6 i/4 or 7i/4
i/2
14.8 1, (1 i 3)/2
2
e
14.10 e /4
cos(Ln 2) + i sin(Ln 2) = 0.769 + 0.639i
ie/2
1/e
2e/2 [i cos(Ln 2) sin(Ln 2)] = 0.3198i 0.2657
e sinh 1 = 0.0249
e/3 = 0.351
3/4 i(Ln 2 +3/4)
2e
e
= 0.121 + 0.057i
1
14.19 5/4
1
14.21 1
1/2
14.23 e/2 = 4.81
/2 + 2n i Ln 2 + 3 = /2 + 2n 1.317i
/2 + n + (i Ln 3)/2
i(/3 + 2n)
i(2n
+ /6), i(2n + 5/6)
/2 + 2n i Ln 3 + 8 = [/2 + 2n 1.76i]
i(n /4)
/2 + n i Ln( 2 1) = /2 + n + 0.881i
/2 + 2n i Ln 3
i(/3 + n)
2n i Ln 2
i(2n + /4), i(2n + 3/4)
i(2n /6)
i( + 2n)
2n + i Ln 2, (2n + 1) i Ln 2
n + 3/8 + i Ln 2)/4
(Ln 2)/4 + i(n + 5/8)
2
Motion around circle |z| =
5; v = 5,
.
a = 5
Motion
around
circle
|z|
=
2;
v
=
2,
a
=
2.
v = 13, a = 0
v = |z1 z2 |, a = 0
(a) Series: 3 2i
(b) Series: 2(1+ i 3)
Parallel: 5 + i
Parallel: i 3
(a) Series: 1 + 2i
(b) Series: 5 + 5i
Parallel: 3(3 i)/5
Parallel: 1.6 + 1.2i
R i(CR2 + 3 L2 C L) / (CR)2 + ( 2 LC 1)2 ; this
L
R2 C
1
simplifies to
1
, that is, at resonance.
if 2 =
RC
LC
L
r
R
R2
1
(b) = 1/ LC
(a) =
+
2
2L
LC
4L
r
1
1
1
(a) =
+
(b) = 1/ LC
2
2
2RC
4R C
LC
(1 + r4 2r2 cos )1
Chapter 2
17.1 1
17.2 ( 3 + i)/2
17.3 r = 2, = 45 + 72 n : 1 + i, 0.642 + 1.260i, 1.397 0.221i,
0.221 1.397i, 1.260 0.642i
17.4 i cosh 1 = 1.54i
17.5 i
2
2
2
17.6 e = 5.17 105 or e e2n
17.7 e/2 = 4.81 or e/2 e2n
17.8
1
17.9 /2 2n
2
17.11 i
17.10 3
17.13 x = 0, y = 4
17.12 1 2
17.14 Circle with center (0, 2), radius 1
17.15 |z| < 1/e
17.16 y < 2
2
17.26 1
17.27 (c) e2(xt)
2
2
a + b2
sinh2 b
17.29 1 i 3 /2
17.28 1 +
2ab
X
xn 2n/2 cos n/4
17.30 ex cos x =
n!
n=0
n n/2
X
x 2
sin n/4
ex sin x =
n!
n=0
Chapter 3
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
3
, x = 3, y = 5)
5
0 1/2 1/2
, x = (z + 1)/2, y = 1
1
0
1
1/2 1/2 0
, no solution
0
0 1
0
0 1
, x = 1, z = y
1 1 0
0 4
1
3, x = 4, y = 3
0
0
1 0 11
0 1
7, x = y 11, z = 7
0 0
0
0
1 0
1 1 0 , inconsistent, no solution
0
0 1
0 1 0
1
0 0 , inconsistent, no solution
0
0 1
0 0
2
1 0 1 , x = 2, y = 1, z = 3
0 1 3
0 0 2
1 0
1 , x = 2, y = 1, z = 1
0 1
1
0
0 2
1 2
5/2 , x = 2, y = 2z + 5/2
0
0
0
0
1 0
1 1 0 , inconsistent, no solution
0
0 1
0
1
10
Chapter 3
2.15 R = 2
2.17 R = 2
11
2.16 R = 3
2.18 R = 3
3.1
3.5
3.16
3.17
3.18
11
3.2 721
3.3 1
3.4 2140
544
3.6 4
3.11 0
3.12 16
A = (K + ik)/(K ik), |A| = 1
x = (x0 + vt0 ), t = (t0 + vx0 /c2 )
D = 3b(a + b)(a2 + ab + b2 ), z = 1
(Also x = a + 2b, y = a b; these were not required.)
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
3i + 8j 6k,
i 10j + 3k, 2i + 2j + 3k.
arc cos(1/ 2) = 3/4
5/3, 1, cos = 1/3
4.15
4.17
4.18
4.20
4.24
In the following answers, note that the point and vector used may be
any point on the line and any vector along the line.
5.1 r = (2, 3) + (4, 3)t
5.2 3/2
5.3 r = (3, 0) + (1, 1)t
5.4 r = (1, 0) + (2, 1)t
5.5 r = j t
y+1
x1
z+5
5.6
r = (1, 1, 5) + (1, 2, 2)t
1 = 2 = 2 ;
y3
x2
z4
5.7
r = (2, 3, 4) + (3, 2, 6)t
3 = 2 = 6 ;
z4
x
=
,
y
=
2;
r
= (0, 2, 4) + (3, 0, 5)t
5.8
3
5
5.9 x = 1, z = 7;
r = i + 7k + jt
y4
z+1
5.10 x3
r = (3, 4, 1) + (2, 3, 6)t
2 = 3 = 6 ;
x4
z3
5.11
=
,
y
=
1;
r
= (4, 1, 3) + (1, 0, 2)t
1
2
y+4
z2
5.12 x5
=
=
;
r
= (5, 4, 2) + (5, 2, 1)t
5
2
1
y
z+5
r = 3i 5k + (3j + k)t
5.13 x = 3, 3 = 1 ;
5.14 36x 3y 22z = 23
5.15 5x + 6y + 3z = 0
5.16 5x 2y + z = 35
5.17 3y z = 5
5.18 x + 6y + 7z + 5 = 0
5.19 x + y + 3z + 12 = 0
5.20 x 4y z + 5= 0
5.21 cos = 25/ 7 30 = 0.652, = 49.3
Chapter 3
5.33
5.35
5.37
5.39
5.40
5.41
5.43
5.45
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
12
p
p
5.34
11/10
43/15
5
5.36 3
p
Intersect at (1, 3, 4)
5.38 arc cos 21/22 = 12.3
14
5.42 1/5
20/ 21
5.44 2/ 10
d = 2, t = 1
1 3
2 8
5 10
A+B =
BA =
AB =
3 9
11 21
1 24
5 1
11 8
6 4
AB=
A2 =
B2 =
1
1
16 27
2 18
15 5
6 6
5A =
3B =
det(5A) = 52 det A
10 25
3 12
2 2
6 17
1 1
AB =
BA =
A+B=
1
2
2 6
1
5
3 9
9
25
1
4
AB=
A2 =
B2 =
1
1
5
14
0 4
10 25
3 12
5A =
3B =
5
15
0 6
7 1
0
4 1 2
2 1 2
1 1
3 1
AB = 3
BA = 6
A + B = 3 1 1
3
9
5
0
1 6
3 4 1
1 3
1
1 10 4
0 1
2
2
B2 = 3 3
A2 = 0 1 6
A B = 3 3 1
3 1 1
15 0 1
3
6
1
3
3 0
5
0 10
6 3
det(5A) = 53 det A
3B = 0
5A = 15 5 0
9 3 0
0 25 5
12 10 2
12
5
1
7
5 12
BA = 0 2 1 9
C2 = 6
4 8 3 17
3 1 2
7
4 20
14
4
1 20
C3 = 20
CB = 1 19
8 2 9
1 5
32 12
36 46 14 36
7
91
C2 B = 53
CBA = 40 22 1
13 9
8 2 1 29
8
8
2
2
8 10
3
7
30 13
T
T
AA =
A A=
2
3
1 4
13
30
2 7 4 41
20 2 2
14 4
T
T
2 4
BB = 2
B B=
4 18
2
4 10
21 2 3
14
1
1
2
5
CT C= 2
CCT = 1 21 6
3
5 14
1 6
2
Chapter 3
6.8
6.9
6.10
6.13
6.15
6.17
6.19
6.20
6.21
6.22
6.30
6.32
13
5x2 + 3y 2 = 30
0 0
22
44
AB =
BA =
0 0
11 22
11 12
AC = A D =
33 36
1
3
1
5/3 3
6.14
1
2
6 0 2
4
5
8
2
1 1
1
1
6 3 5
2 2 2
6.16
2
8
2
3
4
4
2 2
1
1 1
2 2 1
1
0
1
B1 = 2
A1 = 4 4 5
6
0
1
8
2
4
3
1
2
2
2 2
1
B1 AB = 2 2 2
B1 A1 B = 4 4 2
6
2 1
0
2 1
4
1
1
2
, (x, y) = (5, 0)
A1 =
7 3 1
1
4
3
, (x, y) = (4, 3)
A1 =
5
2
7
1
2
2
1
4 , (x, y, z) = (2, 1, 5)
A1 = 2 1
5
3 1 1
4
4 0
1
7 1 3 , (x, y, z) = (1, 1, 2)
A1 =
12
1 5 3
cos k
0
0
sin k
,
, cos kA = I cos k =
sin kA = A sin k =
0
cos k
sin k
0
cosh k sinh k
cos k i sin k
ekA =
, eikA =
sinh k cosh k
i sin k cos k
cos sin
eiB =
sin
cos
7.22 D = 1, rotation = 45
7.23 D = 1, rotation = 210
1
0
0
1
0
0
0 cos sin
7.28 0 cos sin ,
0 sin
cos
0 sin
cos
0
0 1
7.29 0 1 0
1
0 0
Chapter 3
14
1 0
0
0 1 0
0 0 , S = 0 0 1 ; R is a 90 rotation about
7.30 R = 1
0 1
0
0
0 1
the z axis; S is a 90 rotation about the x axis.
0 1
0
0 0 1
0 1 ;
7.31 From problem 30, RS = 1 0 0 , SR = 0
1
0
0
0 1 0
RS is a 120 rotation about i + j + k; SR is a 120 rotation about i j + k.
7.32 180 rotation about i k
7.33 120 rotation about i j k
7.34 Reflection through the plane y + z = 0
7.35 Reflection through the (x, y) plane, and 90 rotation about the z axis.
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.6
8.17
8.19
8.21
8.23
8.24
8.25
8.26
8.27
8.28
9.3
9.4
x1 y1 z1 1
a 1 b 1 c1
x2 y2 z2 1
8.22 a2 b2 c2 = 0
x3 y3 z3 1 = 0
a 3 b 3 c3
x4 y4 z4 1
For = 3, x = 2y; for = 8, y = 2x
For = 7, x = 3y; for = 3, y = 3x
For = 2: x = 0, y = 3z; for = 3: x = 5y, z = 3y;
for = 4: z = 3y, x = 2y
r = (3, 1, 0) + (1, 1, 1)z
r = (0, 1, 2) + (1, 1, 0)x
r = (3, 1, 0) + (2, 1, 1)z
1 2i
1
0 5i 5 10i
1
0
5i
10
A = 0 2 1 i, A1 =
10
5i 0
0
2i 1 i
2
0 0
2
0 i 3
1
i
A = 2i 2 0, A1 = 0 3
6
6 6i 2
1 0 0
9.14 CT BAT , C1 M1 C, H
10.1 (a) d = 5
(b) d = 8
(c) d = 56
10.2 The dimension of the space = the number of basis vectors listed.
One possible basis is given; other bases consist of the same number
of independent linear combinations of the vectors given.
(a) (1, 1, 0, 0), (2, 0, 5, 1)
(b) (1, 0, 0, 5, 0, 1), (0, 1, 0, 0, 6, 4), (0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0)
(c) (1, 0, 0, 0, 3), (0, 2, 0, 0, 1), (0, 0, 1, 0, 1), (0, 0, 0, 1, 4)
Chapter 3
15
2
3 , cos(B, C)
3 , cos(A, D) =
23
q
17
21
690 , cos(C, D) = 6 23 .
1 ,
15
2 ,
3 15
cos(B, D) =
(b) (1, 0, 0, 5, 0, 1) and (0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0)
10.4 (a) e1 = (0, 1, 0, 0), e2 = (1, 0, 0, 0), e3 = (0, 0, 3, 4)/5
(b) e1 = (0, 0, 0, 1), e2 = (1, 0, 0, 0), e3 = (0, 1, 1, 0)/ 2
(c) e1 = (1,0, 0, 0), e2 =(0, 0, 1, 0), e3 = (0, 1, 0, 2)/ 5
11.25
11.26
11.27
11.28
8 (
(2,1,2)
Any two vectors orthogonal to
1
1
other, for example : (1,0,-1) and
1 (1, 1, 1)
2 (1, 1, 0)
2 (1, 1, 2)
4 (
(1,1,1)
Any two vectors orthogonal to
1
1
other, for example : (1,-1,0) and
1
3 0
1 1
, C=
D=
0 1
2 1 1
1
1 2
1 0
D=
, C=
2
1
0 6
5
Chapter 3
11.29
11.30
11.31
11.32
11.41
11.42
11.43
11.44
11.47
11.51
11.52
11.53
11.54
11.55
11.56
11.58
11.59
12.2
12.4
12.6
12.14
12.15
12.16
12.17
12.18
12.19
12.21
12.22
12.23
16
1 1 2
0
, C=
1
1
5 2
1 1 1
0
, C=
2
1
2 1
1 1 1
0
, C=
1
1
2 1
1
2 1
0
, C=
1 2
2
5
1 1 i
= 1, 3; U =
2 i 1
1
1
1i
= 1, 4; U =
3 1
i 1
1
2 i
= 2, 3; U =
i 2
5
1
5
3 4i
= 3, 7; U =
3 4i
5
5 2
1
i2 1
1
U =
1 i 2 1
2
2
0
2
Reflection through theplane 3x 2y 3z = 0, no rotation
60 rotationabout i 2 + k and reflection through the
plane z = x 2
180 rotation about i + j + k
11
D=
0
4
D=
0
5
D=
0
7
D=
0
3x0 2y 0 = 24
12.3 10x0 = 35
2
2
2
2
2
0
=8
12.5 x0 + 3y 0 + 6z 0 = 14
5x0 5y
2
2
2
2
2
2
3x0 + 3y 0 3z 0 = 12
12.7 3x0 + 5 y 0 z 0 = 60
p
p
k/m; y = x with = 5k/m
y = x with = p
p
y = 2x with = p3k/m; x = 2y with = p8k/m
2k/m; x = 2y with = p
7k/m
y = 2x with = p
x = 2y with p
= 2k/m; 3x = 2y with =
p 2k/(3m)
y = x with = p
2k/m; x = 5y with = p16k/(5m)
y = x with =p 3k/m; y = 2x with = p3k/(2m)
y = 2x with = pk/m; x = 2y with = p6k/m
y = x with = p2k/m; y = 3x with =p 2k/(3m)
y = x with = k/m; y = 2x with = k/(4m)
Chapter 3
17
13.10 If R = 90 rotation, P = reflection through the y axis, and Q = PR, then the
8 matrices
of the symmetry
group of
the square
are:
1 0
0 1
1
0
2
I=
,R=
,R =
= I,
0 1
1
0
0 1
0 1
1 0
0 1
R3 =
= R, P =
, PR =
= Q,
1 0
0 1
1 0
0 1
1
0
= Q,
= P, PR3 =
PR2 =
1
0
0 1
with multiplication table:
I
R I R
P
Q P Q
I
I
R I R
P
Q P Q
R
R I R
I Q
P
Q P
I
I R
I
R P Q
P
Q
R R
I
R I
Q P Q
P
P
P
Q P Q
I
R I R
Q
Q P Q
P R
I
R I
P P Q
P
Q I R
I
R
P
Q P
R I R
I
Q Q
13.14
I
2
R
0
I
2
P
0
Q
0
(d)
12
7 2
(e)
29
5
Chapter 3
18
2 6
A
3i 5i
2
2
1
BT AT = (AB)T
BT AC = 1 3i
1
5i
1
0
2
0 i
1
0
C1 A =
BT C = 3
1
A =
1 1
1 i
5 1
AT BT , BAT , ABC, ABT C, B1 C, and CBT are meaningless.
1 i
1
3i
0 6i
1
1 i 2
0 A1 =
A = 0 3
3i
2i
0 i
3
0 3
i
h
(n1)d
1
1
(n1)
+
1 + (n1)d
1
nR2
R1
R2
nR1 R2
,
A=
= A12
(n1)d
d
f
1
n
nR1
!
1
1
d
d
f1 f2 + f1 f2
1 f2
1
2 d
det M = 1
,
= f1 +f
M=
f1 f2 ,
d
f
d
1 f1
Area = 12 P Q P R = 7/2
1 0
15.7 A =
1 i
1 1
A=
0 i
T
15.8
15.9
15.10
15.13
1 i
=
0 i
2
AB =
0
2
15.26 C =
, C1 =
17 17
1/ 2 4/ 17
5
Chapter 4
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.10
1.13
1.16
1.19
1.22
1.70
1.100
1.130
1.140
1.170
1.190
1.210
1.230
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.8
4.2
4.6
4.11
4.15
2.5 1013
9%
3.95
8 1023
5.1
5.3
5.6
ey sinh t + z sin t
2r(q 2 p2 )
5(x + y)4 (1 + 10 cos 10x)
6.1
6.2
4.3 14.8
4.7 15%
4.12 2.01
4.4 12.2
4.8 5%
4.13 5/3
5.2
5.4
5.7
19
4.5 14.96
4.10 4.28 nt
4.14 0.005
w = 1, dw/dp = 0
(4ut + 2v sin t)/(u2 v 2 )
(1 2b e2a ) cos(a b)
Chapter 4
20
6.4
6.5
6.7
6.9
6.11
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
7.19
7.20
7.21
7.26
8.3
8.5
8.4
8.6
8.8
8.9
8.11
8.13
8.16
8.17
= 30 , x = y 3 = z/2
8.12 d = 3
(4/3, 5/3)
8.15 (1/2, 1/2, 0), (1/3, 1/3, 1/3)
m = 5/2, b = 1/3
(a) y = 5 4x
(b) y = 0.5 + 3.35x
(c) y = 3 3.6x
9.1
9.2
9.4
s = l, = 30 (regular hexagon)
5 : (1 + 5)
r :
l:s=
: 3
4/ 3 by 6/ 3 by 10/ 3
9.3
9.5
36 in by 18 in by 18 in
(1/2, 3, 1)
Chapter 4
9.6
9.8
9.10
9.12
10.1
10.3
10.5
10.7
10.9
V = 1/3
(8/13,
12/13)
d = 5/ 2
Let legs of right triangle
be a and
then a = b, h = 2 2 a.
d =1
2, 14
d
=1
1
2 11
max T = 4 at (1, 0)
1
2
min T = 16
5 at 5 , 5 6
21
9.7 V = d3 /(27abc)
9.9 A =
3ab 3/4
9.11 d = 6/2
b, height of prism = h;
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.8
10.10
4, 2
d=1
d=2
T =8
(a) max T = 1/2, min T = 1/2
(b) max T = 1, min T = 1/2
(c) max T = 1, min T = 1/2
10.11 max T = 14 at (1, 0)
10.12 Largest sum = 180
min T = 13/2 at (1/2, 1)
Smallest sum = 3 arc cos 13
= 164.2
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
sin x
2 x
1 ev
s
eu 1
s
=
1;
=
1
v
v
u
u
dz/dx = sin(cos x) tan x sin(sin x) cot x
(sin 2)/2
u/x = 4/, u/y = 2/, y/x = 2
w/x = 1/ ln 3, w/y = 6/ ln 3, y/x = 1/6
(u/x)y = e4 , (u/y)x = e4 / ln 2, (y/x)u = ln 2
2
dx/du = ex
12.9 (cos x + x sin x 1)/x2
x
dy/dx = (e 1)/x
12.11 3x2 2x3 + 3x 6
2
(2x + 1)/ ln(x + x ) 2/ ln(2x)
12.13 0
/(4y 3 )
1 3 5/2
n = 2, I = 41 a3/2
a
n = 4, I =
8
1 3 5 (2m 1) (2m+1)/2
a
n = 2m, I =
2m+1
Chapter 4
13.8 1 ft
= 4 inches
13.9 dz/dt = 1 + t(2 x y)/z, z 6= 0
13.10 (x ln x y 2 /x)xy where x = r cos , y = r sin
b2 x d2 y
b4
dy
= 2 ,
=
13.11
dx
a y dx2
a2 y 3
13.12 13
13.13 1
13.14 (w/x)y = (f /x)s, t + 2(f /s)x, t + 2(f /t)x,
13.15
(w/x)y = f1 + 2xf 2 + 2yf3
13.17 p19
13.18 26/3
13.19 1/27
13.20 At x = 1, y = 20; at x = 1/2, y = 1/4
13.21 T (2) = 4, T (5) = 5
13.22 T (5, 0) = 10, T (2, 2) = 4
13.23 t cot t
13.24 0
13.25 ex /x
13.26 3 sin x3 /x
13.29 dt = 3.9
Rx
[f (x, u) + f (u, x)] du
13.30 2f (x, x) + 0 x
22
= f1 + 2f2 + 2f3
Chapter 5
2.1
2.5
2.9
2.13
2.17
2.21
2.25
2.29
2.33
2.37
2.41
2.45
2.49
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.14
3.15
3.17
3.19
3.21
3.22
3.23
3.24
3.25
3.26
3
e2
5
4
12
6
7/4
(ln 2)/2
131/6
3/2
2
16/3
7/6
5
46k/15
1/3
2.2
18
2.3
2.4
8/3
2.6
2.35
2.7
5/3
2.8
1/2
2.10
2.14
2.18
2.22
2.26
2.30
2.34
2.38
2.42
2.46
2.50
5
4
e(ln 4)
(8 2 7)/3
5/3
4/3
1 e2
8192k/15
20
4
8k
64/3
2.11
2.15
2.19
2.23
2.27
2.31
2.35
2.39
2.43
2.47
36
3/2
32
9/8
32/5
6
216k
70
9/2
16/3
2.12
2.16
2.20
2.24
2.28
2.32
2.36
2.40
2.44
2.48
2
(ln 3)/6
16
9/2
1/3
e1
1/6
3/2
7k/3
16/3
(a) l
(b) M l2 /12
(c) M l2 /3
(a) M = 140 (b) x
= 130/21
(c) Im = 6.92M
(d) I = 150M/7
13
M l2
(d) I = 5M l2 /18
(a) M = 3l/2 (b) x
= 4l/9
(c) Im = 162
2
2
2
(a) M a /3
(b) M a /12
(c) 2M a /3
(a) (2, 2)
(b) 6M
(c) 2M
(a) M = 9
(b) (
x, y) = (2, 4/3)
(c) Ix = 2M , Iy = 9M/2
(d) Im = 13M/18
2M a2 /3
(a) 1/6
(b) (1/4, 1/4, 1/4)
(c) M = 1/24, z = 2/5
(a) s = 2 sinh
(b) y = (2 + sinh 2)/(4 sinh 1) = 1.2
1
(a) M = (5 5 1)/6= 1.7
(b) x
= 0, M y = (25 5 + 1)/60 = 0.95, y = (313 + 15 5 )/620 = 0.56
V = 2 2 a2 b, A = 4 2 ab, where a = radius of revolving circle,
b = distance to axis from center of this circle.
For area, (
x, y) = (0, 43 r/); for arc, (
x, y) = (0, 2r/)
4 2/3
3.18 s = 3 2 + ln(1 + 2) /2 = 2.56
2
3.20 13/3
s
x = 51 2 ln(1 + 2) /32 = 2.23, s
y = 13/6, s as in Problem 3.18;
then x = 0.87, y = 0.85
(4/3, 0, 0)
(149/130, 0, 0)
2M/5
I/M has the same numerical value as x
in 3.21.
M
3.28
13/6
3.29 2
3.30 32/5
2M/3
3.27 149
130
23
Chapter 5
(b) x
= y = 4a/(3)
(c) I = M a2 /4
(e) x = y = 2a/
4.2 (c) y = 4a/(3)
(d) Ix = M a2 /4, Iy = 5M a2 /4, Iz = 3M a2 /2
(e) y = 2a/
(f) x = 6a/5, Ix
= 48M a2 /175, Iy = 288M a2 /175, Iz = 48M a2 /25
1
2
(g) A = ( 3 2 3)a2
4.3 (a), (b), or (c) 21 M a2
4.4 (a) 4a2
(b) (0, 0, a/2)
(c) 2M a2 /3
3
(d) 4a /3
(e) (0, 0, 3a/8)
4.5 7/3
4.6 ln 2
4.7 (a) V = 2a3 (1 cos )/3
(b) z = 3a(1 + cos )/8
4.8 Iz = M a2 /4
4.10 (a) V = 64
(b) z = 231/64
4.11 12
4.12 (c) M = (16/9)(3 4) = 9.64
24
4.1
4.13
4.14
4.17
4.20
4.23
4.24
4.26
4.27
4.28
5.1
5.3
5.5
5.7
5.9
5.11
5.13
5.15
6.1
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.9
6.10
6.11
6.13
6.15
9 30/5
5.2 7/5
(37 3/2 1)/6 = 117.3
5.4 / 6
8 for each nappe
5.6 4
+ 9 ln( 2 + 3 ) /16
4
5.8
3 6
5.10 2a2 ( 2 1)
2
x, y, z) = (1/2, 1/4, 1/4)
(
x, y, z) = (1/3, 1/3, 1/3)
5.12 M = 3/6, (
4
5.14 M =
z =
4( 2)
2
3
r
32 2
2(3 7)
= 0.472
5.16 x = 0, y = 1, z =
= 0.716
Iz /M =
9( 2)
9 5
7(2 2)/3
6.2 45(2 + 2)/112
6.3 15/8
(b) 23 M R2
(a) 12 M R2
2
2
cone: 2ab
/3; ellipsoid: 4ab2 /3; cylinder: 2ab
4 3 3
5
6 3
, y =
(a)
(b) x
=
6
4
3
3
4
3 3
8 3 3
M
6.8 (a) 5/3
(b) 27/20
4 3 3
(
x, y) = (0, 3c/5)
(a) (
x, y) = (/2, /8)
(b) 2 /2
(c) 3M/8
z = 3h/4
6.12 (abc)2 /6
8a2
6.14 16a3 /3
2
2
Ix = 8M a /15, Iy = 7M a /15
6.16 x = y = 2a/5
Chapter 5
6.17
6.19
6.20
6.21
6.22
6.23
6.24
6.25
6.26
6.27
M a2 /6
6.18 (0, 0, 5h/6)
2
Ix = Iy= 20M h /21, Iz = 10M h2 /21, Im = 65M h2 /252
1)/6
(b) 3/2
(a) (5 5
Gh(2 2)
Ix = M b2 /4, Iy = M a2 /4, Iz = M (a2 + b2 )/4
(a) (0, 0, 2c/3)
(b) (0, 0, 5c/7)
(0, 0, 2c/3)
/2
1
2 sinh 1
e2 e 1
25
Chapter 6
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.12
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.19
3.20
9i 23j + k, 1/ 21
A2 B 2
u1 u = u3 u, n1 u1 u = n2 u2 u
L = m[r2 ( r)r]
For r , v = | r| = r, L = m|r2 | = mvr
a = ( r) 2 r; for r , a = 2 r,|a| = v 2 /r.
(a) 16i 2j 5k
(b) 8/ 6
(a) 13/5
(b) 12
4.2
(a) t = 2
16i 12j + 8k
6.2 i
0
6.4 e/(3 5)
= i k ; ; d/ds = 2/ 13
6x + 8y z = 25, (x 3)/6 = (y 4)/8 = (z 25)/(1)
5x 3y + 2z + 3 = 0, r = i + 2j k + (5i 3j + 2k)t
z+3
(a) 7/3
(b) 5x z = 8; x1
5 = 1 , y = /2
Chapter 6
27
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
(b) Down,
at the rate 11 2
(a) 4 2, up
(b) 0, around
(c) 4/ 10, down (d) 8/5, up
6.17 er
6.18 i
7.1
7.3
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.10
7.12
7.14
7.16
7.19
(c) 10
(c) i, |E| = 1
(d) e1
the hill
6.19 j
6.20 2rer
r = 3, r = 0
7.2 r = 2, r = 0
V = 1, V = 0
7.4 V = 0, V = (i + j + k)
V = 2(x + y + z), V = 0
V = 5xy, V = ixz jyz + k(y 2 x2 )
V = 0, V = xi yj x cos yk
V = 2 + x sinh z, V = 0 7.9 6y
0
7.11 (x2 + y 2 )/(x2 y 2 )3/2
3
4(x + y)
7.13 2xy
0
7.15 0
2(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )1
7.18 2k
2/r
7.20 0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.10
8.12
8.14
8.16
11/3
(a) 4
(b) 16
(c) 8
(a) 5/3
(b) 1
(c) 2/3
(a) 3
(b) 8/3
(a) 86/3
(b) 31/3
(a) 3
(b) 3
(c) 3
(a) 2
(b) 0
(c) 2
(d) 2
yz x
8.9 3xy x3 yz z 2
2
1
8.11 y sin2 x
2 kr
(xy + z)
8.13 z 2 cosh y
arc sin xy
8.15 (x2 + 1) cos2 y
2
2
(a) F1 ; 1 = y z x
(b) For F2 : (1) W = 0
(2) W = 4
(3) W = 2
8.17 F2 conservative, W = 0; for F1 , W = 2
8.18 (a) + 2 /2
(b) 2 /2
8.20 = mgz, = C/r
9.2
9.5
9.9
9.12
10.1
10.4
10.7
10.10
40
20
(x, y) = (1, 1)
29/3
9.3 14/3
9.7 ab
9.10 20
4
10.2 3
36
10.5 4 55
48
10.8 80
27
0, r R1
10.12 = (k/20 ) ln(R1 /r),
R1 r R2
9.4 3/2
9.8 24
9.11 2
10.3 9
10.6 1
10.9 16
Chapter 6
11.1
11.4
11.7
11.10
11.13
3a2
12
0
6
0
28
11.2
11.5
11.8
11.11
11.14
2ab2
36
0
24
8
11.3
11.6
11.9
11.12
11.15
0
45
32/3
18
2 2
12.12
12.13
12.14
12.15
12.16
12.17
12.18
12.19
12.20
12.24
12.28
sin cos C
1
2 |B A|
(a) 4
(b) 16
(c) 8
5i 8j 6k
(a)9i + 5j 3k
(b) 29/3
2/ 5
24
(a) 2i + j
(b) 11/5
(c) 2x + y = 4
(a) grad
=
3yi
3xj
+
2zk
(b) 3
(c) 2x + y 2z + 2 = 0, r = (1, 2, 3) + (2, 1, 2)t
(a) 3i + 2j + k
(b) 3
(c) 3x + 2y + z =
4, r = (0, 1, 2) + (3, 2, 1)t
(d) (3i + 2j + k)/ 14
(a) 6i j 4k
(b) 531/2 (6i j 4k)
(c) same as (a)
(d) 531/2
(e) 531/2
(a) 3i + 2j + 2k
(b) 0
= y 2 cosh2 xz
(a) F1 is conservative.
(b) W1 = x2 z + 21 y 2
(c) and (d) 1
6
Not conservative
(a) 1/2
(b) 4/3
(a) F1 is conservative; F2 is not conservative ( F2 = k)
(b) 2
(c) For F1 , V1 = 2xy yz 21 z 2
(d) W1 = 45/2
(e) W2 = 2
12.21 4
12.22 108
12.23 192
54
12.25 18
12.26 0
12.27 4
2
12.29 10
12.30 4
12.31 29/3
Chapter 7
amplitude
period
frequency
velocity
amplitude
2.1
2/5
5/(2)
15
2.2
/2
2/
2.3
1/2
1/2
/2
2.4
1/(2)
/3
3/
2.5
2.6
s = sin 6t
s = 6 cos
sin 2t
6 cos
= 5.54
1/
6
12 cos
= 11.1
2.7
1/(2)
2.8
1/(4)
2.9
1/2
2.10
1/
1/60
60
360
1/60
60
1/15
15
120
1/15
15
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.16
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.24
3.6
4.3
4.7
4.11
4.15
p
A = maximum value of , = g/l.
t = 12
2.15 t = 3
t
2.18 A = 2, T = 1, f = 1, v = 3, = 3
= 4.91
= 281
A = 1, T = 4, f = 1/4, v = 1/4, = 1
A = 3, T = 4, f = 1/4, v = 1/2, = 2
y = 20 sin 2 (x 6t), y
t = 60 cos 2 (x 6t)
t
x
x
2.23 y = sin 880( 350
t)
y = 4 sin 2( 3 6 )
200
3.7 2 sin(x 4 )
sin(2x + 3 )
0
/12 1/2
1/2
(a) 3/2
4.4 e1
4.8 0
4.12 1/2
(b) 3/2
4.5
4.9
4.14
4.16
29
1/ + 1/2
1/2
(a) 2/3
(a) /
4.6 2/
4.10 0
(b)
(b) 1
Chapter 7
30
5.1 to 5.11
/2
/2
6.1
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
6.2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
6.3
1/2
1/2
1/2
6.4
6.5
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
6.6
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
6.7
/2
/2
/2
6.8
6.9
/2
/2
6.10
/2
/2
6.11
7.3
7.4
1+
1
i X 1 inx 1
2 X 1
f (x) = +
e
=
sin nx
2 n
2 1 n
odd n
7.2
odd n
n
1
1
1
sin n
an = n
2 , bn = n 1 cos 2 , a0 /2 = c0 = 4 ,
i
in/2
cn = 2n (e
1), n > 0; cn = cn
1
1
2ix
f (x) = 4 + 2 (1 i)eix + (1 + i)eix 2i
e2ix )
2 (e
1i 3ix
1i 5ix
1+i 3ix
5ix
+ 5 e + 1+i
3 e 3 e
5 e
= 41 + 1 cos x 31 cos 3x + 51 cos 5x
+ 1 sin x + 22 sin 2x + 31 sin 3x + 51 sin 5x + 62 sin 6x
1
1
an = n
sin n
2 , a0 /2 = c0 = 4
n
1
1
bn = n cos 2 cos n = n {1, 2, 1, 0, and repeat}
i
cn = 2n
ein ein/2 , n > 0; cn = cn
1
2ix
f (x) = 41 + 2
(1 + i) eix (1 i) eix + 2i
e2ix )
2 (e
(1i) 5ix
1i 3ix
1+i 3ix
1+i 5ix
+ 3 e + 3 e
5 e 5 e
= 41 1 cos x 31 cos 3x + 51 cos 5x
+ 1 sin x 22 sin 2x + 31 sin 3x + 51 sin 5x
3 e 3 e
= 21 2 cos x 31 cos 3x + 51 cos 5x
+ 2 sin x 22 sin 2x + 31 sin 3x + 51 sin 5x 62 sin 6x
Chapter 7
7.5
31
2
an = n
sin n
2
bn =
cn =
a0 /2 = c0 = 0
n
1
n 2 cos 2
1
in/2
2in 2e
cn = cn
4
1 cos n = n
{0, 1, 0, 0, and repeat}
1
in
1e
= n {1, 2i, 1, 0, and repeat }, n > 0
f (x) = 1 eix + eix
7.6
7.7
2i
2
e2ix e2ix 13 (e3ix + e3ix )
6ix
e6ix )
+ 15 (e5ix + e5ix ) 2i
6 (e
= 2 cos x 31 cos 3x + 51 cos 5x
1
sin 10x
4 21 sin 2x + 61 sin 6x + 10
2 P 1 inx
(n = 2, 6, 10, )
f (x) = 21 + i
ne
1
4 P 1
= 2+
(n = 2, 6, 10, )
n sin nx
X
X
i inx
1
i
inx
e
+
+
e
f (x) =
2
4
n
2n
2n
even n6=0
odd n
X
1
cos nx
n2
1
2
X (1)n
sin nx
=
4
n
7.8
f (x) = 1 +
(1)n
n6=0
7.9
f (x) =
7.10 f (x) =
7.11 f (x) =
i inx
e
= 1+2
n
(1)n+1
1
sin nx
n
X
einx
4 X cos nx
=
n2
2
1
n2
odd n
2
+
2
e
1
+
odd n
odd n
ix
e
4i
odd n
4 X cos nx
=
+
n2
2
1
n2
inx
ix
odd n
1 X
even n6=0
1
2 X
1
= + sin x
2
2
even n
einx
n2 1
cos nx
n2 1
1
i X 1 inx/l 1
2
+
e
=
2 n
2
X
1
nx
sin
n
l
1
8.1
f (x) =
8.2
1
n
1
1
an = n
sin n
2 , bn = n 1 cos 2 , a0 /2 = c0 = 4
i
cn = 2n
(ein/2 1)
1
= 2n
{1 i, 2i, (1 + i), 0, and repeat}, n > 0; cn = cn
1
1
2ix/l
f (x) = 4 + 2
(1 i)eix/l + (1 + i)eix/l 2i
e2ix/l )
2 (e
3ix/l
3ix/l
5ix/l
5ix/l
1i
+ 1i
+ 1+i
1+i
3 e
3 e
5 e
5 e
1
3x
1
5x
= 14 + 1 cos x
l 3 cos l + 5 cos l
2
2x
1
3x
1
5x
2
6x
+ 1 sin x
l + 2 sin l + 3 sin l + 5 sin l + 6 sin l
odd n
odd n
Chapter 7
8.3
8.4
32
1
an = n
sin n
c0 = 14
2 , a0 /2 =
1
1
cos n
bn = n
2 cos n = n {1, 2, 1, 0 , and repeat}
i
cn = 2n
(ein ein/2 )
1
= 2n {(1 + i), 2i, 1 i, 0, and repeat}, n > 0; cn = cn
h
1
2ix/l
e2ix/l )
f (x) = 41 + 2
(1 + i)eix/l (1 i)eix/l + 2i
2 (e
i
1+i 3ix/l
1+i 5ix/l
1i 5ix/l
3ix/l
+ 1i
e
+
e
3
3
5
5
1
3x
1
5x
cos
+
cos
= 14 1 cos x
l
3
l
5
l
2
2x
1
3x
1
5x
2
6x
sin
+
sin
+
+ 1 sin x
l
2
l
3
l
5 sin l 6 sin l
8.5
2i 2ix/l
2 (e
e2ix/l )
i
3ix/l
3ix/l
5ix/l
5ix/l
1+i
+ 1+i
+ 1i
1i
3 e
3 e
5 e
5 e
1
3x
1
5x
= 12 2 cos x
l 3 cos l + 5 cos l
2
2x
1
3x
1
5x
2
6x
+ 2 sin x
l 2 sin l + 3 sin l + 5 sin l 6 sin l
(1 + i)eix/l + (1 i)eix/l
2
sin n
an = n
2 , a0 = 0,
1
4
bn = n (2 cos n
2 1 cos n) = n {0, 1, 0, 0, and repeat}
1
1
(2ein/2 1 ein ) = n
{1, 2i, 1, 0, and repeat }, n > 0
cn = 2in
cn = cn , c0 = 0
h
2ix/l
f (x) = 1 eix/l + eix/l 2i
e2ix/l )
2 (e
13 (e3ix/l + e3ix/l )
+ 15 (e5ix/l + e5ix/l )
8.6
8.7
2i 6ix/l
e6ix/l )
6 (e
1
3x
1
5x
= 2 cos x
l 3 cos l + 5 cos l
1
6x
1
10x
4 21 sin 2x
l + 6 sin l + 10 sin l
2 P 1 inx/l
(n = 2, 6, 10, )
f (x) = 21 + i
ne
1
4 P 1
nx
= 2+
(n = 2, 6, 10, )
n sin l
X
l
l
il X (1)n inx/l
e
f (x) = +
einx/l
2 2
4 2 n
n
n6=0
odd n
n
X
X
8.8
8.9
l
2l
4 2
f (x) = 1 +
f (x) =
il
1
odd n
n6=0
nx
l
1
cos
n2
l
nx
(1)
sin
n
l
(1)n inx/l
2l X (1)n
nx
e
= 1
sin
n
n
l
1
X
einx/l
l
4l X cos nx/l
=
n2
2 2 1
n2
l
2l
2 2
odd n
odd n
X
X
(1)n
(1)n inx
e
= 2
sin nx
8.10 (a) f (x) = i
n
n
n6=0
(b) f (x) = +
n6=0
X sin nx
i inx
e
=2
n
n
1
Chapter 7
33
(b) f (x) =
X
X
2
2
(1)n inx
(1)n
+2
e
=
+
4
cos nx
3
n2
3
n2
n6=0
X
4 2
+2
3
1
i
+
n2
n
n6=0
einx =
X cos nx
X sin nx
4 2
+4
4
2
3
n
n
sinh
2 sinh X (1)n
=
+
(cos nx n sin nx)
1 + n2
1
e2 1 X 1 + in inx
(b) f (x) =
e
2 1 + n2
"
#
e2 1 1 X 1
+
(cos nx n sin nx)
=
2
1 + n2
4 X (1)n
nx
2 X (1)n inx/2
e
=2+
sin
8.13 (a) f (x) = 2 +
i n
n
2
(b) f (x) =
2
i
n6=0
n6=0
4
1 inx/2
e
=
n
X
1
1
nx
sin
n
2
8 X n(1)n+1
4i X n(1)n 2inx
8.14 (a) f (x) =
sin 2nx =
e
4n2 1
4n2 1
1
4 X cos 2nx
2X
1
2
=
e2inx
(b) f (x) =
2
2
4n 1
4n 1
1
n
2X
i X (1) inx
n+1 sin nx
e
=
.
(1)
8.15 (a) f (x) =
n
(b) f (x) =
(c) f (x) =
8.16 f (x) = 1
8.17
n6=0
4
2
odd n
1 inx
8 X cos nx
e
=
.
n2
2 1
n2
4i
3
2
odd n
X
1
f (x) = 1 (cos
+ 1 (sin x
2 +
3
4
odd n
8
1 inx
e
= 3
n3
1
odd n
sin nx
.
n3
sin nx
1 X 1 inx
=1
e
n
i n
n6=0
x
1
3x
1
5x
2 3 cos 2 + 5 cos 2 )
2
1
3x
1
5x
2 sin x + 3 sin 2 + 5 sin 2
X
X
2
6
sin 3x )
100 100
1
1
nx 100
nx
+ 2
cos
sin
2
3
n
5
n
5
1
1
X
100
1
1
=
einx/5
+ 50
2 2
3
n
in
8.18 f (x) =
n6=0
8.19 f (x) =
1 X 1
1 X (1)n+1
1
2
cos
2nx
+
sin 2nx
8
n2
2
n
1
odd n
Chapter 7
34
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.5
9.7
4 X 1
sin nx
f (x) =
1 n
an =
f (x)
9.8
2 X
2nx X
2nx
+
an cos
+
bn sin
, where
3
3
3
1
1
, n = 3k
0, n = 3k
1
3 3
an =
bn =
2 2 , n = 3k + 1
9
n 8n
, otherwise
2
2
8n
1 + 3 3 , n = 3k + 2
n 8n2 2
8.20 f (x) =
odd n
2
n
sin
n
2 , a0 /2 = 1/2
1
2
1
3x
= 2 + (cos x
2 3 cos 2
n+1
X
f (x) =
(1)
n
4 X 1
nx
9.6 f (x) =
sin
1 n
l
odd n
1
5
cos 5x
2 )
sin 2nx
1
1 X (1)n
+ 2
cos 2nx
12
n2
1
2 X 1
9.10 f (x) =
cos 2nx
4
1 n2
9.9
f (x) =
odd n
!
2 sinh 1 X (1)n
9.11 f (x) =
+
cos nx
2
n2 + 1
1
2X1
9.12 f (x) =
sin nx
n
1
1
4 X cos nx
2 X (1)n+1 sin nx
9.15 fc (x) = 2
fs (x) =
2
n2
n
1
odd n
sin nx
fc = fp = (1 cos 2x)/2
n(4 n2 )
odd n=1
4
1
1
9.17 fc (x) = (cos x cos 3x + cos 5x )
3
5
4 X 1
fs (x) = fp (x) =
sin 2nx
1 n
9.16 fs =
odd n
3
n {1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, and repeat}
1
2x
1
4x
1
5x
1
7x
fc (x) = 13 + 3 (cos x
3 + 2 cos 3 4 cos 3 5 cos 3 + 7 cos 3
2
1
Odd function: bn = n
(1 cos n
3 ) = n {1, 3, 4, 3, 1, 0, and repeat}
3
2x
4
3x
fs (x) = 1 (sin x
3 + 2 sin 3 + 3 sin 3
1
5x
1
7x
+ 43 sin 4x
3 + 5 sin 3 + 7 sin 3 )
an =
sin n
3 =
Chapter 7
35
9.18 continued
Function of period 3:
3
1
an = n
sin 2n
3 = 2n {1, 1, 0, and repeat}, a0 /2 = 1/3
1
3
bn = n
(1 cos 2n
3 ) = 2n {1, 1, 0, and repeat}
3
2x
1
4x
1
8x
1
10x
1
+
3
2 (cos 3 2 cos 3 + 4 cos 3 5 cos 3
3
1
4x
1
8x
1
10x
+ 2
(sin 2x
3 + 2 sin 3 + 4 sin 3 + 5 sin 3 )
fp (x) =
1
4n2 1
0, n even
For fs , bn = 2
2
n+1 , n = 1 + 4k
2
n1 , n = 3 + 4k
2
fs (x) = (sin x + sin 3x + 31 sin 5x + 31 sin 7x +
1
5
sin 9x +
1
5
sin 11x )
1
4 X (1)n
+ 2
cos nx
3 1
n2
2 X (1)n+1
8 X 1
fs (x) =
sin nx 3
sin nx
1
n
n3
1
9.20 fc (x) =
odd n
1
1 X 1
1X1
cos
2nx
sin 2nx
fp (x) = + 2
3 1 n2
1 n
4 X 1
1
2
cos nx
2
n2
1
odd n
x
1
3x
1
5x
8
n
sin
2 sin
+ 2 sin
; bn = 2 2 sin
2
3
2
5
2
n
2
20
9.22 Even function: an = n
sin n
2
x
20
fc (x) = 15 (cos 20 13 cos 3x
20 +
1
5
cos 5x
20 )
Odd function:
20
20
bn = n
(cos n
2 + 1 2 cos n) = n {3, 2, 3, 0, and repeat}
x
2
2x
3
3x
3
5x
fs (x) = 20
(3 sin 20 2 sin 20 + 3 sin 20 + 5 sin 20 )
20 X 1
nx
fp (x) = 15
sin
1 n
10
odd n
8h
1
3x
1
5x
x
9.23 f (x, 0) = 2 sin
2 sin
+ 2 sin
l
3
l
5
l
nx
8h X n
sin
where
9.24 f (x, 0) = 2
n2
l
1
1 = 2 1, 2 =
2, 3 = 2 + 1, 4 = 0, 5 =n( 2 +n1),
6 = 2, 7 = 2 + 1, 8 = 0, ..., n = 2 sin 4 sin 2
9.26 f (x) =
1 48 X cos nx
4
2
n4
1
odd n
9.27 f (x) =
X
8 4
cos nx
48
(1)n
15
n4
1
Chapter 7
10.1 p(t) =
36
an cos 220nt, a0 = 0
2
2n
2
3, 0, and repeat}
an = n
(sin n
3 + sin 3 ) = n { 3, 0, 0, 0,
1
1
Relative intensities = 1 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 25 : 0 : 49 : 0 : 0 : 0
X
10.2 p(t) =
bn sin 262nt, where
1
2
2n
bn = n
(1 cos n
3 3 cos n + 3 cos 3 )
2
= n
{2, 3, 8, 3, 2, 0, and repeat}
9
4
Relative intensities = 4 : 94 : 64
9 : 16 : 25 : 0
X
10.3 p(t) =
bn sin 220nt
2
2
bn = n
(3 5 cos n
2 + 2 cos n) = n {1, 10, 1, 0, and repeat}
1
1
1
1
Relative intensities = 1 : 25 : 9 : 0 : 25
: 25
9 : 49 : 0 : 81 : 1
X
2
200
cos 120nt
1+
10.4 V (t) =
1 n2
2
even n
1
3 2
Relative intensities = 0 : 1 : 0 : 25
: 0 : ( 35
)
X
5
5
2
10.5 I(t) =
1+
cos 120nt + sin 120t
2
1n
2
2
even n
10 2
2 2
2 2
Relative intensities = ( 52 )2 : ( 3
) : 0 : ( 3
) : 0 : ( 7
)
= 6.25 : 1.13 : 0 : 0.045 : 0 : 0.008
10.6 V (t) = 50
400 X 1
cos 120nt
2 1 n2
odd n
Relative intensities = 1 : 0 :
1 4
3
20 X (1)n
sin 120nt
1
n
1
:
Relative intensities = 1 : 14 : 91 : 16
10.7 I(t) =
1 4
5
:0:
1
25
10 X (1)n
5 20 X 1
cos 120nt
sin 120nt
10.8 I(t) =
2 2 1 n2
1
n
odd n
4
1
1 1
4
1
4
Relative intensities =
1+ 2 : :
:
1+ 2 :
1+
4 9
9
16 25
25 2
= 1.4 : 0.25 : 0.12 : 0.06 : 0.04
10.9 V (t) =
400 X 1
sin 120nt
n
1
odd n
Relative intensities = 1 : 0 :
10.10 V (t) = 75
1
9
:0:
1
25
200 X 1
100 X 1
cos
120nt
sin 120nt
2 1 n2
1 n
odd n
11.6 4 /90
1
2
11.9
16 2
11.7 2 /6
Chapter 7
Z
2 1 cos
12.2 fs (x) =
sin x d
Z 0
1 cos ix
12.3 f (x) =
e d
i
Z
sin sin(/2) ix
e d
12.4 f (x) =
Z
1 ei ix
12.5 f (x) =
e d
2i
Z
sin cos ix
e d
12.6 f (x) =
i2
Z
cos + sin 1 ix
12.7 f (x) =
e d
2
Z
(i + 1)ei 1 ix
e d
12.8 f (x) =
22
Z
2
i cos a ix
12.9 f (x) =
e d
2
Z
a sin a ix
e d
12.10 f (x) = 2
i2
Z
1
cos(/2) ix
12.11 f (x) =
e d
1 2
Z
cos(/2) ix
1
e d
12.12 f (x) =
i
1 2
Z
2
sin sin(/2)
12.13 fc (x) =
cos x d
Z0
2 cos + sin 1
cos x d
12.14 fc (x) =
Z0
2
4
1 cos a
12.15 fc (x) =
cos x d
Z0
2
cos(/2)
2
12.16 fc (x) =
cos x d
Z0
1 2
2 1 cos
12.17 fs (x) =
sin x d
Z0
2 sin cos
sin x d
12.18 fs (x) =
Z0
2
4
a sin a
12.19 fs (x) =
sin x d
Z0
2
2 cos(/2)
12.20 fs (x) =
sin x d
0
1 2
r
||
2 2 /2
e
12.24 (c) gc () =
12.21 g() = e
2
2 Z
1 + ei ix
1
e d
12.25 (a) f (x) =
2 1 2
Z
2
sin(/2)
12.27 (a) fc (x) =
cos x d
Z0
2 1 cos(/2)
(b) fs (x) =
sin x d
Z0
4 cos 3 sin
12.28 (a) fc (x) =
cos x d
Z0
sin 3 sin
4
sin x d
(b) fs (x) =
0
37
Chapter 7
38
Z
2 sin 3 2 sin 2
cos x d
Z0
2 2 cos 2 cos 3 1
(b) fs (x) =
sin x d
Z0
1
1 cos 2
cos x d
12.30 (a) fc (x) =
Z0
2
1 2 sin 2
(b) fs (x) =
sin x d
0
2
12.29 (a) fc (x) =
13.2 f (x) =
i X 1 2inx
e
2 n
n6=0
X
13.4 (c) q (t) = CV 1 2(1 e1/2 )
(1 + 4in)1 e4int/(RC)
X
(1)n sin int
e
13.6 f (t) =
( n)
4 X 1
13.7 f (x) =
cos nx
2
1 n2
odd n
13.8
13.9
13.10
13.11
(a) 1/2
(b) 1
(b) 1/2, 0, 0, 1/2
(c) 13/6
(c) 0, 1/2, 2, 2
(d) 1, 1/2, 2, 1
Cosine series: a0 /2 = 3/4,
6
n
n
4
1 +
sin
an = 2 2 cos
n
2
n
2
4
6
= 2 2 {1, 2, 1, 0, and repeat} +
{1, 0, 1, 0, and repeat}
n
n
x
3
4
6
2
cos
fc (x) = + 2 +
2 cos x
4
3x
5x
2
6
4
4
cos
cos
+
+
+
2
2
9
2
25
5
2
Sine series:
n
4
n
1
4 cos n 6 cos
+
bn = 2 2 sin
n
2
n
2
1
4
{4, 10, 4, 2, and repeat}
= 2 2 {1, 0, 1, 0, and repeat} +
n
n
4
x
3x
4
5
4
4
fs (x) =
sin
sin
+
sin
x
+
2
9 2
3
2
1
5x
4
4
5
sin
sin 2x +
+
sin 3x
2
25 2
5
2
3
Exponential series of period 2:
X
X
i
1 inx
3
5i
1
inx
e
+
fp (x) =
+
e
2 2
4
n
2n
2
n
even n6=0
odd n
13.12 f = 90
13.13 (a) fs (x) =
X
sin nx
n
1
1
4 X cos nx
13.14 (a) f (x) = + 2
3
n2
1
(b) 2 /6
(b) 4 /90
Chapter 7
39
Z
cos 2 1
2 cos 2 1
, f (x) =
sin x d,
i
0
Z
8 cos sin2 (/2)
cos x d, /8
13.16 f (x) =
2
0
Z
Z
Z
13.15 g() =
13.19
|f (x)|2 dx =
|gc ()|2 d =
2 sin2 a
13.20 g() =
, a3 /3
2
|gs ()|2 d
13.23 2 /8
/4
Chapter 8
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
x = k 1 gt + k 2 g(ekt 1)
x = A 2 sin t + v0 t + x0
(a) 15 months (b) t = 30(1 21/3 ) = 6.19 months
x = (c/F )[(m2 c2 + F 2 t2 )1/2 mc]
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.9
2.11
2.13
2.15
2.17
2.19
y = mx, m = 3/2
2.2
2.4
ln y = A(csc x cot x), A = 3
y = axex , a = 1/e
2.6
2
Kx2
y =8+e
,K =1
2.8
yey = aex , a = 1
2.10
(y 2)2 = (x + C)3 , C = 0
2.12
y 1, y 1, x 1, x 1
2.14
y2
2.16
x = (t t0 )2 /4
(a) I/I0 = e0.5 = 0.6 for s = 50ft
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.30
2.32
2.34
3.1
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.9
3.11
(1 x2 )1/2 + (1 y 2 )1/2 = C, C =
x2 (1 + y 2 ) = K, K = 25
2y 2 + 1 = A(x2 1)2 , A = 1
y(x2 + C) = 1, C = 3
2
y + 1 = kex /2 , k = 2
xyey = K, K = e
y0
4y = (x + C)2 , C = 0
66
2.29 t = 100 ln 94 = 81.1min
It/100
A = Pe
2.31 ay = bx
x2 + 2y 2 = C
2.33 x2 + ny2 = C
x2 y 2 = C
2.35 x(y 1) = C
y = 12 ex + Cex
2
y = ( 12 x2 + C)ex
y(sec x + tan x) = x cos x + C
2
y = 31 (1 + ex ) + C(1 + ex )
y(1 x2 )1/2 = x2 + C
y = 2(sin x 1) + Ce sin x
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
3.10
3.12
40
y = 1/(2x) + C/x3
y = 13 x5/2 + Cx1/2
y = (x + C)/(x + x2 + 1)
y = 21 ln x + C/ ln x
y cosh x = 21 e2x + x + C
x = (y + C) cos y
Chapter 8
41
3.13 x = 21 ey + Cey
3.14 x = y 2/3 + Cy 1/3
3.15 S = 21 107 (1 + 3t/104) + (1 + 3t/104 )1/3 , where S = number
of pounds of salt, and t is in hours.
3.16 I = AeRt/L + V0 (R2 + 2 L2 )1 (R cos t + L sin t)
3.17 I = Aet/(RC) V0 C(sin t RC cos t)/(1 + 2 R2 C 2 )
3.18 RL circuit: I = AeRt/L + V0 (R + iL)1 eit
RC circuit: I = Aet/RC + iV0 C(1 + iRC)1 eit
3.19 N2 = N0 tet
3.20 N3 = c1 e1 t + c2 e2 t + c3 e3 t , where
1 2 N0
1 2 N0
1 2 N0
, c2 =
, c3 =
c1 =
(2 1 )(3 1 )
(1 2 )(3 2 )
(1 3 )(2 3 )
3.21 Nn = c1 e1 t + c2 e2 t + , where
1 2 ...n1 N0
1 2 ...n1 N0
, c2 =
,
c1 =
(2 1 )(3 1 )...(n 1 )
(1 2 )(3 2 )...(n 2 )
0
etc. (all s different).
Z
3.22 y = x + 1 + Kex
3.23 x = 2 1/2 ey
eu du
y 1/3 = x 3 + Cex/3
4.2 y 1/2 = 31 x5/2 + Cx1/2
3
3
y = 1/3 + Cx
4.4 x2 e3y + ex 13 y 3 = C
2
2
x y + 2x(y + 1) = C
4 sin x cos y + 2x sin 2x 2y sin 2y = C
x = y(ln x + C)
4.8 y 2 = 2Cx + C 2
2
2
y 2 = Cex /y
4.10 xy = Cex/y
1
4.12 x sin(y/x) = C
tan 2 (x + y) = x + C
y 2 = sin2 x + C sin4 x
4.14 y = x2 +K(x 1)1
y = x1 ln(C x)
4.16 y 2 = C(C 2x)
2
3
3x y y = C
4.18 x2 + (y k)2 = k 2
r = Ae , r = Be
C + x2
x(C + e4x )
ex (C e2x )
4.25 (a) y = 2
(b) y =
(c) y =
2
4x
x (Cx )
Ce
C + e2x
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.9
4.11
4.13
4.15
4.17
4.19
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.9
5.11
5.19
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
5.27
5.28
5.29
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
= Aex + Be2x
= (Ax + B)e2x
= Ae3ix + Be3ix or other forms as in (5.24)
= ex (Aeix + Beix ) or equivalent forms (5.17), (5.18)
= (Ax + B)ex
= Ae4ix + Be4ix or other forms as in (5.24)
= Ae3x + Be2x
5.8 y = A + Be5x
= Ae2x sin(3x + )
5.10 y = A + Be2x
3x/2
= (A + Bx)e
5.12 y = Aex + Bex/2
ix
(1+i)x
= Ae
+ Be
5.20 y = Aex + Beix
x
3x
5x
= Ae + Be
+ Ce
= Aeix + Beix + Cex +
Dex
= Aex + Bex/2 sin 21 x 3 +
= A + Be2x + Ce3x
= Ae5x + (Bx + C)ex
= Ax + B + (Cx + D)ex + (Ex2 + F x + G)e2x
= ex (A sin x + B cos x) + ex (C sin x + D cos x)
= (A + Bx)ex + Ce2x + De2x + E sin(2x + )
Chapter 8
42
y = (Ax + B) sin xp
+ (Cx + D) cos x + (Ex + F )ex + (Gx + H)ex
= 0 cos t, = g/l
p
T = 2 R/g
= 85 min.
= 1/ LC
overdamped: R2 C > 4L; critically damped: R2 C = 4L;
underdamped: R2 C < 4L.
2t
4 2
2t
16
y +
y = 0, y = e8t/15 A sin
+ B cos
5.40 y +
15
9
5
5
5.30
5.34
5.35
5.36
5.38
= Ae2x + Be2x 25
6.2 y = (A + Bx)e2x + 4
x
2x
1 2x
= Ae + Be
+ 4e
6.4 y = Aex + Be3x + 2e3x
ix
ix
= Ae + Be
+ ex
6.6 y = (A + Bx)e3x + 3ex
x
2x
= Ae + Be + xe2x
6.8 y = Ae4x + Be4x + 5xe4x
= (Ax + B + x2 )ex
6.10 y = (A + Bx)e3x + 3x2 e3x
x
= e (A sin 3x
+ B cos 3x) + 8
sin 4x 6 cos 4x
= e2x [A sin(2 2 x) + B cos(2 2 x)] + 5(sin 2x cos 2x)
= (Ax + B)ex sin x
= e2x (A sin 3x + B cos 3x) 3 cos 5x
= e6x/5 [A sin(8x/5) + B cos(8x/5)] 5 cos 2x
= A sin 3x + B cos 3x 5x cos 3x
= A sin 4x + B cos 4x + 2x sin 4x
= ex (A sin 4x + B cos 4x) + 2e4x cos 5x
= ex/2 (A sin x + B cos x) + e3x/2 (2 cos 2x sin 2x)
= Ae2x sin(2x + ) + 4ex/2 sin(5x/2)
= e3x/5 [A sin(x/5) + B cos(x/5)] + (x2 5)/2
= A + Bex/2 + x2 4x
= A sin x + B cos x + (x 1)ex
= (A + Bx + 2x3 )e3x
= Ae3x + Bex ( 43 x3 + x2 + 21 x)ex
= A sin x + B cos x 2x2 cos x + 2x sin x
= A sin(x + ) + x3 6x 1 + x sin x + (3 2x)ex
= Ae3x + Be2x + ex + x
= A sinh x + B cosh x + 21 x cosh x
= A sin x + B cos x + x2 sin x
= (A + Bx)ex + 2x2 ex + (3 x)e2x + x + 1
x
= A + Be2x + (3x + 4)e + x3 + 3(x2 + x)/2 + 2xe2x
X
1
4(n2 2) cos nx8n sin nx
6.41 y = ex (A cos x + B sin x) + +
4
n2 (n4 + 4)
1
6.1
6.3
6.5
6.7
6.9
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.19
6.20
6.21
6.22
6.23
6.24
6.25
6.26
6.33
6.34
6.35
6.36
6.37
6.38
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
odd n
1
2 X
1 X (1)n sin nx
cos nx
6.42 y = A cos 3x + B sin 3x +
+ 2
+
36 1 n2 (n2 2 9) 1
n(n2 2 9)
odd n
7.1
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.8
2
v = (v02 2gR + 2gR
/r)
escape velocity = 2gR
all n
Chapter 8
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.16
7.17
7.18
7.19
7.20
7.21
7.22
7.23
7.25
7.28
8.8
8.10
8.12
8.17
8.22
8.25
8.27
x = 1 + t2
x = R(1 3t)1/3
x 2
t = 1
u (1 Ru4 )1/2 du
t = ( 2 )1 (cos )1/2 d
2
(a) y = Ax + Bx3
(b) y = Ax2 + Bx
(c) y = (A + B ln x)/x3
(d) y = Ax cos( 5 ln x) + Bx sin( 5 ln x)
y = Ax4 + Bx4 + x4 ln x
y = Ax + Bx1 + 12 x + x1 ln x
y = x3 (A + B ln x) + x3 (ln x)2
3
y = x2 (A + B ln x) + x2 (ln
x)
3
y = A x sin 2 ln x + + x2
y = A cos ln x + B sin ln x + x
R = Ar n + Br n , n 6= 0; R = A ln r + B, n = 0
R = Ar l + Br l1
x1 1
7.26 x2 1
7.27 x3 ex
1/3 x
1/x
x e
7.29 xe
7.30 (x 1) ln x 4x
e2t te2t
1 t
t
3 e sin 3t + 2e cos 3t
3 cosh 5t + 2 sinh 5t
2a(3p2 a2 )/(p2 + a2 )3
[(p + a)2 b2 ]/[(p + a)2 + b2 ]2
ep/2 /(p2 + 1)
v(p2 + v 2 )1 epx/v
y = et (3 + 2t)
y = cos t + 12 (sin t t cos t)
y = 16 t3 e3t + 5te3t
y = t sin 4t
y = 3t2 e2t
y = 12 (t2 et + 3et et )
y = te2t
y = 16 t sin 3t + 2 cos 3t
y = 2e2t et
y = 2t + 1
y = 2 cos t + sin t
y = (5 6t)et sin t
y = tet cos 3t
(
y = t cos t 1
9.28
z = cos t + t sin t
9.30 y = t sin 2t
z(= cos 2t
y = sin 2t
9.32
z = cos 2t 1
9.2
9.4
9.6
9.8
9.10
9.12
9.14
9.16
9.18
9.20
9.22
9.24
9.26
9.34
9.36
9.38
9.40
9.42
43
3/13
arc tan(2/3)
4/5
1
/4
8.9
8.11
8.13
8.21
8.23
8.26
et 3e2t
4 2t
+ 37 et/3
7e
2t
e (2 sin 4t cos 4t)
2b(p + a)/[(p + a)2 + b2 ]2
y = te2t (cos t sin t)
cos(t ), t > ; 0, t <
y = e2t (4t + 12 t2 )
y = 21 t cos t
y = 1 e2t
y = (t + 2) sin 4t
y = te2t
y = sinh 2t
y = 2 sin 3t + 16 t sin 3t
y=2
y = e2t
y = e3t + 2e2t sin t
y = sin t + 2 cos t 2et cos 2t
y = (3 + t)e2t sin t
y = t + (1 e4t )/4, z = 31 + e4t
(
y = et
9.29
z = t + et
9.31 y = t
z(= et
y = sin t cos t
9.33
z = sin t
9.3
9.5
9.7
9.9
9.11
9.13
9.15
9.17
9.19
9.21
9.23
9.25
9.27
9.35
9.37
9.39
9.41
10/262
15/8
ln 2
arc tan(1/ 2)
Chapter 8
10.3
10.5
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.11
10.13
10.15
44
1
2 t sinh t
10.4
+ 2 2
b 2 a2
b a2
b2
a2
a b
(et + sin t cos t)/2
10.14 e3t + (t 1)e2t
(
(cosh at 1)/a2 , t > 0
1 3t
1 4t
1 t
e + e
e
10.17 y =
14
35
10
0,
t<0
11.1 y =
t 2, t > 2
0,
t<2
11.8 y =
e2(tt0 ) sin(t t0 ),
0,
11.9 y =
1 (tt0 )
3e
11.10 y =
11.11 y =
11.13
11.15
11.21
11.23
0,
1
3
0,
11.7 y =
(t t0 )e(tt0 ) , t > t0
0,
t < t0
t > t0
t < t0
1
2 [sinh(t
0,
t0 ) sin(t t0 )],
t > t0
t < t0
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
5(x 2) + 3(x + 7)
(b) 3(x + 5) 4(x 10)
1
(b) 0
(c) 3
(d) cosh 1
8
(b) (|a|)/(2|a|) (c) 1/2
(d) 1
(x + 5)(y 5)(z), (r 5 2 )( 3
4 )(z)/r,
3
(r 5 2 )( 2 )( 4 )/(r sin )
(b) (x)(y + 1)(z + 1), (r 1)( 3
2 )(z + 1)/r,
3
3
(r 2 )( 4 )( 2 )/(r sin )
7
2
(r 2 6 )( 3 )( 4 )/(r sin )
11.25 (a) and (b) F 00 (x) = (x) 2 0 (x)
(c) G00 (x) = (x) + 5 0 (x)
12.2 y =
sin t t cos t
2 2
12.11 y =
31
sin 2x
sin t cos t + et
(1 + 2 )
a(cosh at et ) sinh at
12.7 y =
a(a2 1)
12.3 y =
t>a
12.12 y = cos x ln cos x + (x 2 ) sin x
Chapter 8
45
x 2 sin x,
x < /4
12.13 y =
2
cos
x,
x
> /4
2
12.15 y = x sinh x cosh x ln cosh x
12.16 y = x ln x x x(ln x)2 /2
2
1
12.17 y = 4 sin x
12.18 y = x2 /2 + x4 /6
(
1
+
1 + 2
r
r
2
2
2 1 2
xex : gs () =
,
g
()
=
c
(1 + 2 )2
(1 + 2 )2
13.47 y = A sin t + B cos t + sin t ln(sec t + tan t) 1
13.48 y = A sin t + B cos t + (t sin t t2 cos t)/4
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
Chapter 9
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.9
(y b)2 = 4a2 (x a2 )
2.2 x2 + (y b)2 = a2
ax = sinh(ay + b)
2.4 ax = cosh(ay + b)
y = aex + bex or y = A cosh(x + B), etc.
x + a = 43 (y 1/2 2b)(b + y 1/2 )1/2
ex cos(y + b) = C
2.8 K 2 x2 (y b)2 = K 4
2
x = ay + b
2.10 y = Ax3/2 ln x + B
3.1
dx/dy = Cy 2 (1 C 2 y 4 )1/2
dx
C
x4 y 02 = C 2 (1 + x2 y 02 )3
3.4
=
dy
y(y 4 C 2 )1/2
y 2 = ax + b
3.6 x = ay 3/2 21 y 2 + b
x
y = K sinh(x + C) = aex + be , etc., as in Problem 2.5
r cos( + ) = C
3.9 cot = A cos( )
at
s = be
3.11 a(x + 1) = cosh(ay + b)
(x a)2 + y 2 = C 2
3.13 (x a)2 = 4K 2 (y K 2 )
r = bec
r cos( + ) = C, in polar coordinates; or, in rectangular coordinates,
the straight line x cos y sin =C.
+C
=K
Intersection of the cone with r cos
2
Geodesics on the sphere: cot = A cos( ). (See Problem 3.9)
Intersection of z = ax + by with the sphere: cot = a cos + b sin .
42.2 min; 5.96 min
x = a(1 cos ), y = a( sin ) + C
x = a( sin ) + C, y = 1 + a(1 cos )
x = a(1 cos ) 25 , y = a( sin ) + C
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.8
3.10
3.12
3.14
3.15
3.17
3.18
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
5.2
5.3
5.4
3.2
L = 12 m(r 2 + r2 2 + z 2 ) V (r, , z)
m(
r r2 ) = V /r
= (1/r)(V /)
m(r + 2r )
m
z = V /z
Note: The equations in 5.2 and 5.3 are in the form
ma = F = V .
L = 12 m(r 2 + r2 2 + r2 sin2 2 ) V (r, , )
m(
r r2 r sin2 2 ) = V /r
m(r + 2r r sin cos 2 ) = (1/r)(V /)
= (1/r sin )(V /)
m(r sin + 2r cos + 2 sin r )
1
2 2
L = 2 ml mgl(1 cos )
l + g sin = 0
46
Chapter 9
5.5
5.6
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.25
L = 21 mx 2 21 kx2
m
x + kx = 0
L = 21 m(r2 2 + r2 sin2 2 ) mgr cos
(
a a sin cos 2 g sin = 0
=0
(d/dt)(sin2 )
1
2
L = 2 m(2r + r2 2 ) mgr
2
r r2 + g = 0
=0
(d/dt)(r2 )
1
L = 2 m(2r 2 + r2 2 ) mgr
2
r r2 + g = 0
2
r = const.
2
m1 gr 3 + m2 g(l 2r)
L = 21 m1 (4r 2 + r2 2 ) + 2m2 r
4(m1 + m2 )
r m1 r2 + m1 g 3 + 2m2 g = 0
2
r = const.
(If z is taken as positive down,
L = 21 (m + Ia2 )z 2 mgz
(ma2 + I)
z + mga2 =0
change the signs of z and z.)
L = 12 m(r 2 + r2 2 ) 12 k(r r0 )2 mgr cos
k
d
+ gr sin = 0
r r2 + m
(r r0 ) g cos = 0, dt
(r2 )
L = 12 m[r 2 (1 + 4r2 ) + r2 2 ] mgr2
r(1 + 4r2 ) + 4rr 2 r2 + 2gr = 0, r2 = const.
dt (l + cos X) + g sin = 0
x + y = x0 + y0 + a, L = m(x 2 + y 2 + x y)
+ mgy
2
1
1
gt, a = 3 gt
x = 3 gt, y = 3p
p
x = y with = pg/l ; x = y with = p3g/l
x = y with = g/l ; x = y with = 7g/l
L = ml2 [2 + 21 2 + cos( )] + mgl(2 cos + cos )
2g
2 + cos( ) + 2 sin( ) +
sin = 0
l
g
+ cos( ) 2 sin( ) + sin = 0
l
L = l2 [ 21 M 2 + 21 m 2 + m cos( )] + gl(M cos + m cos )
Mg
sin = 0
M + m cos( ) + m 2 sin( ) +
l
g
+ cos( ) 2 sin( ) + sin = 0
l
p
p
= 2 with = p2g/(3l) ; = 2 with = p2g/l
= 23 with = 3g/(5l) ; = 32 with = 3g/l
p
g
1
p
= M/m with 2 =
l 1 + m/M
p
1
g
2
p
= M/m with =
l 1 m/M
47
Chapter 9
6.1
6.4
8.2
8.3
8.4
48
catenary
catenary
6.2
6.5
circle
circle
6.3
6.6
circular cylinder
circle
x2 y 0
p
dx, x2 (2y 0 + y 0 3 ) = K(1 + y 0 2 )3/2
02
1
+
y
Z
ydy
2
2
p
I=
, x0 y 2 = C 2 (1 + x0 )3
02 + 1
x
Z p
4
2
r2 + r4 0 2 dr, dr
I=
d = Kr r K
I=
y = aebx
(x a)2 + (y + 1)2 = C 2
(y b)2 = 4a2 (x + 1 a2 )
Intersection of r = 1 + cos with z = a + b sin(/2)
Intersection of the cone with r cos( sin
+ C) = K 1
2
Intersection of y = x with az = b[2x 4x2 + 1 + sinh 2x] + c
8.12 ey cos(x a) = K
r = Ksec2 +c
2
3 2
2
2
(x + 2 ) + (y b) = c
8.14 (x a)2 = 4K 2 (y + 2 K 2 )
h
i
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
8.13
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.20
8.21
8.22
8.23
8.25
8.26
8.27
8.28
2
r m(r + 2rr r sin cos ) = r = F = ma
2
a = r + 2r r sin cos
L = 21 ma2 2 mga(1 cos ), a + g sin = 0,
measured
from the downward direction.
l = 2 A
r = Aeb
p
dr
= r K 2 (1 + r)2 1
d
dA
1
r2 = const., |r mv| = mr 2 = const.,
= r2 = const.
dt
2
Chapter 10
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
1 0
2
2
1
0 Principal moments:
I=
( 1, , + 1); principal
15
15
0
0
axes along the vectors: (1, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1), (1, 1, 0).
4
0
0
4 2 Principal moments: (2, 4, 6); principal axes along the
I = 0
0 2
4
vectors: (0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 1).
9 0 3
0 Principal moments: (6, 6, 12); principal axes along the
I= 0 6
3 0
9
vectors: (1, 0, 1) and any two orthogonal vectors in the plane z = x, say
(0, 1, 0) and (1, 0, 1).
4 1 1
1 1 1
1
1
4 1
; principal axes
,
,
Principal moments:
I=
120 1 1
60 24 24
4
along the vectors: (1, 1, 1) and any two orthogonal vectors in the plane
x + y + z = 0, say (1, 1, 0) and (1, 1, 2).
5.5
5.6
5.7
8.2
8.3
8.4
hr = 1, h = r, h = r sin
ds = er dr + e rd + e r sin d
dV = r2 sin drdd
ar = i sin cos + j sin sin + k cos = er
a = ir cos cos + jr cos sin kr sin = re
a = ir sin sin + jr sin cos = r sin e
+ ez z
d2 s/dt2 = er (
r r2 ) + e (r + 2r )
ds/dt = er r + e r + e r sin
d2 s/dt2 = er (
r r2 r sin2 2 )
sin cos 2 )
+e (r + 2r r
Chapter 10
50
8.5
8.6
2
2 1/2
2
+ev (u + v )
[(u + v 2 )
v + v(v 2 u 2 ) + 2uu v]
+ ez z
2
2
1
8.12 deu /dt = (sinh u + sin v) (v sinh u cosh u u sin v cos v)ev
dev /dt = (sinh2 u + sin2 v)1 (u sin v cos v v sinh u cosh u)eu
ds/dt = a(sinh2 u + sin2 v)1/2 (eu u + ev v)
+ ez z
d2 s/dt2 = eu a(sinh2 u + sin2 v)1/2
[(sinh2 u + sin2 v)
u + (u 2 v 2 ) sinh u cosh u + 2u v sin v cos v]
2
2
+ev a(sinh u + sin v)1/2 [(sinh2 u + sin2 v)
v
+(v 2 u 2 ) sin v cos v + 2u v sinh u cosh u] + ez z
8.13 deu /dt = (u2 + v 2 )1 (uv v u)e
v + (u2 + v 2 )1/2 v e
2
2 1
2
2 1/2
dev /dt = (u + v ) (v u uv)e
u + (u + v )
ue
2
2 1/2
de /dt = (u + v )
(veu + uev )
ds/dt = (u2 + v 2 )1/2 (eu u + ev v)
+ e uv
2
2
2
2 1/2
2
d s/dt = eu (u + v )
[(u + v 2 )
u + u(u 2 v 2 ) + 2v u v uv 2 2 ]
2
2 1/2
2
2
+ev (u + v )
[(u + v )
v + v(v 2 u 2 ) + 2uu v u2 v 2 ]
+e (uv + 2v u + 2uv )
8.14 deu /dt = (cosh u + cos v)1 (u sin v + v sinh u)ev
dev /dt = (cosh u + cos v)1 (u sin v + v sinh u)eu
ds/dt = a(cosh u + cos v)1 (eu u + ev v)
Chapter 10
9.3
51
See 8.2
1 U
U
1 U
+ e
+ e
r
r
r sin
1
1
1 V
2
V = 2
r Vr +
(sin V ) +
r r
r
sin
r
sin
1
U
1
2U
1
2 U
2
r
+ 2
sin
+ 2 2
U= 2
r r r
r sin
r sin 2
1
V
V =
er
(sin V )
r sin
1
Vr
1
Vr
sin (rV ) e +
(rV )
+
e
r sin
r
r r
Vz
V = h2
(hVu ) +
(hVv ) +
u
v
z
2
2
2
U
+
2 U = h2
+
u2
dv 2 z 2
Vv
Vz
eu
V =
h1
v
z
Vu
2
1 Vz
ev + h
+
h
(hV v )
(hV u ) ez
z
u
u
v
9.5
U = er
1/2
1/2
1
1
1 V
V =
(uhV u ) + 2
(vhV v ) +
v
uv
uh2 u
vh
1
U
1
U
1 2U
2
U= 2
u
+ 2
v
+ 2 2
h u u
u
h v v v
u v 2
1 Vv
1
eu
(vV )
V =
hv v
uv
1 Vu
1
1
(uV ) ev + 2
(hVv )
(hvu ) e
uv
hu u
h u
v
9.13 Same as 9.10 if h = a(cosh u + cos v)1 and terms involving either
z derivatives or Vz are omitted. Note, however, that V has
only a z component if V = eu Vu + ev Vv where Vu and Vv are functions
of u and v.
1/2
1/2
9.15 hu = 1, hv = u(1 v 2 )
1/2
1/2
eu = iv + j(1 v 2 ) , ev = i(1 v 2 ) jv
m[
u uv 2 /(1 v 2 )] = V /u = Fu
1/2
3/2
m[(u
v + 2u v)(1
v2 )
+ uv v 2 (1 v 2 )
] = h1
v V /v = Fv
1
1
9.16 r , 0, 0, r ez
9.17 2r1 , r1 cot , r1 e , r1 (er cot e )
Chapter 10
9.18
9.19
9.20
9.21
52
r 1 e , r1 er , 3
2e , er cos e sin , 3
r1 , r3 , 0
2r1 , 6, 2r4 , k2 eikr cos
11.4 Vector
11.5 ds2 = du2 + h2v dv 2 , hu = 1, hv = u(2v v 2 )1/2 ,
dA = u(2v v 2 )1/2 du dv, ds = eu du + hv ev dv,
eu = i(1 v) + j(2v v 2 )1/2 , ev = i(2v v 2 )1/2 + j(1 v)
au = eu = au , av = hv ev , av = ev /hv
uv 2
V
11.6 m u
=
= Fu
v(2 v)
u
uv 2 (v 1)
V
u
v + 2u v
= Fv
+
= u1 [v(2 v)]1/2
m
v
[v(2 v)]1/2
[v(2 v)]3/2
p
11.7 U = eu U /u + ev u1 v(2p v) U /v
1
V = u1 (uV
v(2 v) V
u )/u
+u
v /v
p
p
U
1
1
U
2
u
+ 2 v(2 v)
U=
v(2 v)
u u
u
u
V
V
11.8 u1 ,
u1 k,
Chapter 11
3.2
3.5
3.8
3.11
3.14
3/2
32/35
(5/3)
1
(4/3)
3.3
3.6
3.9
3.12
3.15
9/10
72
(5/4)
(2/3)/3
(2/3)/4
1
7.1
2 B(5/2, 1/2) = 3/16
1
7.3
3 B(1/3, 1/2)
7.5 B(3, 3) = 1/30
1
7.7
2 B(1/4, 1/2)
7.10 43 B(1/3, 4/3)
8.1
8.2
8.3
p
p
B(1/2, 1/4) 2l/g = 7.4163 l/g
p
1
35/11
4
p B(1/2, 1/4) = 2.34 sec
t = a/g
3.4
3.7
3.10
3.13
3.17
25/14
8
(3/5)
34 (4) = 2/27
(p)
1
7.2
2 B(5/4, 3/4) = 2/8
1
7.4
2 B(3/2, 5/2) = /32
1
7.6
B(2/3, 4/3) = 2 3/27
3
p
Compare 2 l/g .
11.4 1/
11.5 1
11.10 e1
i
h
2
13 2 4
k +
12.1 K = F (/2, k) = (/2) 1 + 21 k 2 + 24
i
h
2
1 2
13 2
3k 4 246
5k 6
E = E (/2, k) = (/2) 1 21 k 2 24
Caution : For the following answers, see the text warning about elliptic integral
notation just after equations (12.3) and in Example 1.
12.4 K(1/2)
12.5 E(1/3)
= 1.686
=1.526
1
1
1
12.6 3 F 3 , 3 = 0.355
12.7 5E 5
,
4 5 = 19.46
3
2
12.9 F 6 , 2 = 0.542
12.8 7E 3 , 7 = 7.242
3
3
12.10 12 F 4 , 21
12.11 F 3
= 0.402
= 4.097
8 , 10 + K
10
12.13 3E , 2 + 3E arc sin 3 , 2
12.12 10E , 1
= 5.234
= 3.96
6
10
53
4 3
Chapter 11
54
h
i
12.15 2 E 23 E 3 , 23
12.14 12E 35
= 15.86
= 0.585
12.16 2 2 E 1/ 2 = 3.820
q
q
a
K 1/ 5 ; for small vibrations, T
12.23 T = 8 5g
= 2 2a
3g
13.7
13.9
13.11
13.13
13.15
13.17
13.19
13.21
13.22
13.24
(4) = 3!
13.8
3/2 ' 2.422
13.10
2E
1
3
13.12
5 F arc sin 4 , 4/5 = 0.1834
sn u dn u
13.14
(7/2) = 15 /8
13.16
1
2/64
13.18
B(5/4,
7/4)
=
3
2
1
erfc
5
13.20
2
54 B(2/3, 13/3) = (5/3)5 14/ 3
4E(1/2) 2 E(/8, 1/2)
= 5.089 13.23
55
2
/109!!
13.25
erf(1)
2
2 K 21/2 ' 2.622
21/2 K 21/2
= 1.311
/2 erfc(1/ 2)
(3/4)
1
2 B(1/2, 7/4)
109!! /255
228 /55!!
Chapter 12
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
y
y
y
y
y
2.1
= a1 xex
= a1 x
= a0 cosh x + a1 sinh x
= Ax + Bx3
= a0 (1 x2 ) + a1 x
= a0 e x
= a0 cos 2x + a1 sin 2x
= (A + Bx)ex
= a0 (1 + x) + a2 x2
2
= (A + Bx)ex
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.10
y
y
y
y
y
2.4
Q0 =
3.2
3.4
xex + 10ex
x sin x + 25 cos x
3.3
3.5
4.3
5.1
5.3
1 1+x
x 1+x
ln
, Q1 = ln
1
2 1x
2 1x
p
p
N = /2,
2/ cos nx
1/2
1/2
N =2 , 2
xex/2
2
1 1/4
1/4
N = 2 , 2
xex /2
5.9 2P2 + P1
5.11 25 (P1 P3 )
8
5.13 63
P5 + 94 P3 + 73 P1
8.2
8.4
p
p
N = 2/5,
5/2 P2 (x)
1/4
1/4 x2 /2
N = ,
e
11
1
1
5
3
87 P3 + 16
P5
9.2
4 P0 + 2 P1 + 16 P2 32 P4
7
11
5P2 + P0
9.4
8 (3P1 + 16 P3 + 64 P5 )
1
5
3
3
20
9.6 P0 + 8 P1 9 P2
2 P0 8 P2 + 16 P4
2
11
1
3 P0 + 5 P1 42 P2
1
7
a)P0 + 43 (1 a2 )P1 + 45 a(1 a2 )P2 + 16
(1 a2 )(5a2 1)P3
2 (1 P
0
Pn = (2l + 1)Pl , where the sum is over odd l from 1 to n 1
when n is even, and over even l from 0 to n 1, when n is odd.
9.10 2P2 + P1
9.11 58 P4 + 4P2 3P1 + 12
5 P0
2
1
4
3
9.12 5 (P1 P3 )
9.13 5 P0 + 7 P2 = 35 (10x2 1)
5
3
15
15
1
P0 + P2 =
(5x2 + 1)
9.15 2 P2 = 2 (3x2 1)
9.14
2
8
16
9.1
9.3
9.5
9.7
9.8
9.9
3
2 P1
55
Chapter 12
56
10.5 sin (35 cos3 15 cos )/2
10.4 sin
10.6 15 sin2 cos
11.1
11.3
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
11.10
y = b0 cos x/x2
11.2 y = Ax3 + Bx3
3
2
y = Ax + Bx
11.4 y = Ax2 + Bx3
1/2
1/2
y = A cos(2x ) + B sin(2x )
y = Aex + Bx2/3 [1 3x/5 + (3x)2 /(5 8) (3x)3 /(5 8 11) + ]
y = Ax2 (1 + x2 /10 + x4 /280 + ) + Bx1 (1 x2 /2 x4 /8 )
y = A(x1 1) + Bx2 (1 x + 3x2 /5 4x3 /15 + 2x4 /21 + )
y = A(1 3x6 /8 + 9x12 /320 ) + Bx2 (1 3x6 /16 + 9x12 /896 )
y = A[1 + 2x (2x)2 /2! + (2x)3 /(3 3!) (2x)4 /(3 5 4!) + ]
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
= x1/3 Z2/3 (4 x)
= x2 Z2 (x)
= Z3 (2x)
= Z1 (4x)
16.2
16.4
16.6
16.8
16.10
16.12
16.15
16.17
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
= x1/4 Z1/2 ( x)
= Z2 (5x)
= Z0 (3x)
19.2
1
2
19.3
R1
19.6
R1
0
x jn (x)jn (x) dx =
cos2 (n x)dx =
20.1 1/6
20.4 1/(p)
20.2 1
20.5 1/2
1 i[x(n+1)/2]
e
x
1 1 x
e
20.9 h(1)
n (ix) n
i x
20.7 h(1)
n (x)
0,
6=
1 2
2 jn1 (), =
R1 1
2
1
0 2 n xN 1/2 (n x) dx = 2 ,
where jn () = jn () = 0.
where n = (n + 21 )
20.3 4/
20.6 1/(2n + 1)
1 i[x(n+1)/2]
20.8 h(2)
e
n (x)
x
n1 x
20.10 h(2)
e
n (ix) i
x
Chapter 12
57
= Ax + B x sinh1 x x2 + 1
= A(1 + x) + Bxe1/x
= A(1 x2 ) + B(1 + x2 )ex
= Ax Bex
= A(x
1) +B[(x 1) ln x 4]
= A x + B[ x ln x + x]
x
x
= A 1x
+ B[ 1x
ln x + 1+x
2 ]
2
2
= A(x + 2x) + B[(x + 2x) ln x + 1 + 5x x3 /6 + x4 /72 + ]
= Ax2 + B[x2 ln x x3 + x4 /(2 2!) x5 /(3 3!) + x6 /(4 4!) + ]
= Ax3 + B(x3 ln x + x2 )
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.6
21.7
21.8
21.9
21.10
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
22.4
H0 (x) = 1
H1 (x) = 2x
H2 (x) = 4x2 2
22.13 L0 (x) = 1
L1 (x) = 1 x
L2 (x) = (2 4x + x2 )/2!
R1
, n=l1
23.9 For n l, 1 xP l (x)Pn (x)dx = (2l 1)(2l + 1)
0,
otherwise
1
23.6 P2n+1
(0) = (2n + 1)P2n (0) =
Chapter 13
2.1
2.2
nx
20 X (1)n+1 ny/10
e
sin
1
n
10
X
200 X
nx
1 ny/20
2
T =
sin
n
20
1
2
T =
odd n
2.3
2.4
2.7
n=2+4k
4 X
n
T =
eny sin nx
2
2 n 1
even
n
x 1 3y/30
120 y/30
3x
1 5y/30
5x
sin
T = 2 e
e
sin
+
e
sin
30
9
30
25
30
n
4 X
sinh n(1 y) sin nx
T =
2 (n2 1) sinh n
even n
bn
nx
n
4n sinh 30 (40 y) sin 30
sinh 3
1
n 100
200
1 cos
=
where bn =
(1, 3, 4, 3, 1, 0, and repeat)
3
n
n
2.8
T =
2.9
T =
X
n
200 X
nx
1
2
(10 y) sin
n sinh
n
sinh
20
20
2
1
2
odd n
2.10 T =
2.11 T =
2.12
T =
1
odd n
400
n
nx
n
ny
sinh
(10 y) sin
+ sinh
(10 x) sinh
n sinh n
10
10
10
10
1
odd n
1
odd n
1
odd n
2.13
n=2+4k
400
n
nx
sinh
(10 y) sin
; T (5, 5)
= 25
n sinh n
10
10
T (x, y) =
400
n
nx
sinh
(30 y) sin
n sinh 3n
10
10
n
ny
400
sinh
(10 x) sin
n sinh(n/3)
30
30
20 X (1)n+1
n
nx
sinh
(20 y) sin
1 n sinh 2n
10
10
n
ny
40 X (1)n+1
sinh
(10 x) sin
1 n sinh n
20
20
2
58
Chapter 13
59
40 X 1
nx ny/10
cos
e
2
2
n
10
1
odd n
1
40 X
n
nx
1
sinh
(30 y) cos
For f (x) = x, T = (30 y) 2
2 sinh 3n
6
n
10
10
1
odd n
3.2
u=
nx
400 X 1 (n/10)2 t
e
sin
n
10
1
odd n
3.3
3.4
e
sin
l
n
l
2
even
X
nx
40 X
1 (n/10)2 t
2
sin
u=
n
10
1
2
u = 100
odd n
3.5
3.6
3.7
n=2+4k
0,
even n
2
1
X
2
nx
where bn = n2 2 n , n = 1 + 4k
u = 100 + 400
bn e(n/2) t sin
2 1 , n = 3 + 4k
n2 2
n
Add to (3.15) : uf = 20 + 30x/l. Note: Any linear function added
to both u0 and uf leaves the Fourier series unchanged.
nx (n/l)2 t
l 4l X 1
cos
e
u= 2
2
2
n
l
1
odd n
nx
200 X (1)n (n/2)2 t
e
sin
3.8 u = 50x +
1
n
2
2n + 1
400 X (1)n [(2n+1)/4]2 t
e
cos
x
3.9 u = 100
0 2n + 1
4
2 2
n
h
4 X sin nx iEn t/h
3.11 En =
, (x, t) =
e
2m
n
odd n
n(4 n2 )
odd n
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
nx
8h X
nvt
1
Bn sin
cos
, where B1 = 2 1, B2 = ,
2
l
l
2
n=1
1
B3 = ( 2 + 1), B4 = 0, , Bn = (2 sin n/4 sin n/2)/n2
9
nvt
n
n 2
16h X
nx
cos
where Bn = 2 sin
sin
y= 2
Bn sin
/n
l
l
8
4
1
8h X 1
n
2nx
2nvt
y= 2
sin
sin
cos
2
1 n
2
l
l
n
nx
nvt
8hl X 1
sin
sin
sin
y= 3
3
v 1 n
2
l
l
y=
odd n
Chapter 13
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
y=
y=
60
4hl X 1
n
nw
nx
nvt
sin
sin
sin
sin
2
2
v 1 n
2
l
l
l
9hl
3 v
4l
y= 2
v
odd n
X
1
"
n
nx
nvt
1
sin
sin
sin
n3
3
l
l
1
x
vt
2x
2vt X sin(n/2)
nx
nvt
sin
sin
+
sin
sin
sin
sin
2 4)
3
l
l
16
l
l
n(n
l
l
n=3
1. n = 1, = v/(2l)
2. n = 2, = v/l
3. n = 3, = 3v/(2l), and n = 4, = 2v/l, have nearly equal intensity.
4. n = 2, = v/l
5, 6, 7, 8. n = 1, = v/(2l)
4.11 The basis functions for a string pinned at x = 0, free at x = l, and
(n+ 1 )x
(n+ 1 )vt
2
2
cos
.
with zero initial string velocity, are y = sin
l
l
The solutions for Problems 2, 3, 4, parts (a) and (b) are:
X
(n + 21 )x
(n + 21 )vt
(a) y =
an cos
cos
l
l
0
X
(n + 21 )x
(n + 12 )vt
(b) y =
bn sin
cos
l
l
0
where the coefficients are:
(2n + 1)
(2n + 1)
128h
sin2
cos
2(a) an =
2
2
(2n + 1)
16
8
128h
(2n + 1)
2 (2n + 1)
2(b) bn =
sin
sin
(2n + 1)2 2
16
8
(2n
+
1)
(2n
+ 1)
256h
sin2
cos
3(a) an =
(2n + 1)2 2
32
16
256h
(2n + 1)
(2n + 1)
3(b) bn =
sin2
sin
2
2
(2n + 1)
32
16
(2n + 1)
(2n + 1)
256h
2 (2n + 1)
sin
sin
sin
4(a) an =
(2n + 1)2 2
16
8
4
(2n
+
1)
(2n
+
1)
256h
(2n
+
1)
sin
cos
4(b) bn =
sin2
(2n + 1)2 2
16
8
4
8
4.12 With bn = 3 3 , odd n, the six solutions on (0, 1) are:
n
P
1. Temperature in semi-infinite plate: T = bn eny sin nx
2. Temperature in finite plate of height H:
X
bn
sinh n(H y) sin nx
T =
sinh (nH)X
2
3. 1-dimensional heat flow: u =
bn e(n) t sin nx
X
h2 n2 2
4. Particle in a box: =
bn sin nx eiEn t/h , En =
2m
P
5. Plucked string: y = bn sin nx cos nvt
X bn
6. String with initial velocity: y =
sin nx sin nvt
nv
Chapter 13
61
16
, n odd, the six solutions on (0, ) are
4.13 With bn =
n(4
n2 )
P
1. T = bn eny sin nx
X
bn
sinh n(H y) sin nx
2. T =
X sinh nH 2
3. u =
bn e(n) t sin nx
X
h2 n2
4. =
bn sin nx eiEn t/h , En =
2m
P
5. y = bn sin nx cos nvt
X bn
6. y =
sin nx sin nvt
nv
12(1)n+1
4.14 Same as 4.12 with bn =
, all n, on (0, 1)
n3 3
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
(a) u
(b) u
= 9.76
= 9.76
X
2
J1 (km r) ekm z sin , km = zeros of J1
(a)
k
J
(k
)
m
2
m
m=1
X
2a
(b)
J1 (km r/a) ekm z/a sin , km = zeros of J1
k
J
(k
)
m
2
m
m=1
u(r = 1, z = 1, = /2)
= 0.211
X
200
J0 (km r) sinh km (10 z), km = zeros of J0
(a) u =
k
J
(k
) sinh(10km )
m
1
m
m=1
X
200
km (H z)
J0 (km r/a) sinh
,
(b) u =
k J (k ) sinh(km H/a)
a
m=1 m 1 m
km = zeros of J0
X
2
200
u=
J0 (km r/a)e(km /a) t , km = zeros of J0
k
J
(k
)
m=1 m 1 m
X
2
200a
J1 (km r/a)e(km /a) t sin , km = zeros of J1
k
J
(k
)
m
2
m
m=1
Z a Z 2
2
amn =
f (r, )Jn (kmn r/a) cos n r dr d
2
a2 Jn+1
(kmn ) 0 0
Z a Z 2
2
f (r, )Jn (kmn r/a) sin n r dr d
bmn =
2
a2 Jn+1
(kmn ) 0 0
nr
X
400
nz
1
u=
sin
+
I0
nI0 (3n/20)
20
20
odd n
2
2
120
J0 (km r)ekm t , where J0 (km ) = 0
k J (k )
m=1 m 1 m
X
X sin(nx/10) sin(my/10) sinh[(n2 + m2 )1/2 (10 z)/10]
1600
5.8
u = 40 +
5.9
u=
2
mn sinh[(n2 + m2 )1/2 ]
odd m odd n
nx
my
pz (/l)2 (n2 +m2 +p2 )t
6400 X X X 1
sin
sin
sin
e
5.10 u = 3
nmp
l
l
l
n
5.11 R = r , r , n 6= 0; R = ln r, const., n = 0
R = rl , rl1
200 X r n sin n
5.12 u = 50 +
a
n
odd n
400 X 1 r 4n
sin 4n
5.13 u =
n 10
oddn
Chapter 13
62
50 ln r
200 X rn rn
+
sin n
ln 2
n(2n 2n )
odd n X
200
1
r n r n
ln r
sin n
5.15 u = 50 1
ln 2
n (2n 2n ) 2
2
5.14 u =
odd n
6.2
6.4
6.5
n 3 m3
l
l
l
odd m odd n
6.6
6.7
6.8
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15
ny y iEn t/h
2 h2 (nx 2 + ny 2 )
nx x
sin
e
, En =
l
l
2ml2
See Problem 6.3. Some other examples of degeneracy:
2 h2
;
(nx , ny ) = (1, 8), (8, 1), (4, 7), (7, 4), giving En = 65
2ml2
similarly 22 + 92 = 62 + 72 = 85; 22 + 112 = 52 + 102 = 125, etc.
2
h2 kmn
sin n
eiEmn t/h , Emn =
mn = Jn (kmn r)
cos n
2ma2
n = sin
200a X (1)n
nr (n/a)2 t
u = 100 +
sin
e
r 1
n
a
= 100 + 200
(1)n j0 (nr/a)e(n/a)
n=1
ny y
nz z iEn t/h
2 h2 (nx 2 + ny 2 + nz 2 )
nx x
sin
sin
e
, En =
7.17 n = sin
l
l
l
2ml2
m
im iEt/
h
7.19 (r, , ) = jl (r)Pl (cos )e
e
,
q
2
h
h2 , a = zeros of jl , E =
(zeros of jl )2 .
where = 2M E/
2
2M
a
p
2 2
7.20 n (x) = e x /2 Hn (x), = m/h
Chapter 13
63
p
2
2
2
2
7.21 n (x) = e (x +y +z )/2 Hnx (x)Hny (y)Hnz (z), = m/h,
En = (nx + 12 + ny + 12 + nz + 12 )
h = (n + 23 )
h.
(n + 2)(n + 1)
, n = 0 to .
Degree of degeneracy of En is C(n + 2, n) =
2
M e4
2r
7.22 (r, , ) = R(r)Ylm (, ), R(r) = rl er/(na) L2l+1
nl1 na , En =
2
h2 n2
8.3
8.4
8.5
9.2
9.4
9.7
1
2X
sinh n(2 y) sin nx
1 n sinh 2n
2X
1
T =
sinh ny sin nx
1 n sinh 2n
1
4 X
1
T = (2 y) + 2
sinh n(2 y) cos nx
4
n2 sinh 2n
odd n
ny
40 X
nx
1
T = 20 +
3n sinh 5 sin 5
n sinh 5
odd n
X
1
40
n(5 x)
ny
+
sin
5n sinh
3
3
n
sinh
3
odd n
X
80
1 (n/l)2 t
nx
u = 20
e
sin
n
l
odd n
80 X (1)n [(2n+1)/(2l)]2 t
2n + 1
u = 20
e
cos
x
n=0 2n + 1
2l
4 X
1
1
sinh ny cos nx
u= y+ 2
4
n2 sinh 2n
10.1 T =
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
odd n
10.8 u = 20 x
40 X 1 (n/10)2 t
nx
e
sin
2 n
10
even n
8l2 X 1
nvt
nx
10.9 y = 3
cos
sin
3
n
l
l
odd n
mr
mz
1
1600 X X
sin n sin
In
10.10 u = 2
nmI n (3m/20)
20
20
odd n odd m
Chapter 13
10.12 u =
64
2n
400 X 1 r
sin 2n
n a
odd n
n 10
1012 r12
odd n
10.16 v 5/(2)
10.17 mn , n 6= 0; the lowest frequencies are:
11 = 1.5910 , 12 = 2.1410 , 13 = 2.6510, 21 = 2.9210 , 14 = 3.1610
10.18 mn , n = 3, 6, ; the lowest frequencies are:
13 = 2.65
23 = 4.06 10 , 16 = 4.13 10 , 33 = 5.4 10
10 ,2
a
10.19 u = E0 r
cos
r
vl
where l = zeros of jl , a = radius of sphere, v = speed of sound
10.20 =
2a
2
10.21 u = 3 P0 (cos ) + 53 rP1 (cos ) 32 r2 P2 (cos ) + 52 r3 P3 (cos )
11 5
10.22 u = 1 12 rP1 (cos ) + 87 r3 P3 (cos ) 16
r P5 (cos )
X
l
l1
10.23 u = 100
(al r + bl r
)Pl (cos ) where
odd l
10.24
10.26
10.27
10.28
2A(A + 1)
2A + 1
cl , b l =
cl , A = 2 l ,
al =
2A2 1R
2A2 1
1
cl = (2l + 1) 0 Pl (x) dx (Chapter 12, Problem 9.1).
The first few terms are
u = (107.1r 257.1r2 )P1 (cos )
(11.7r3 99.2r4 )P3 (cos ) + (2.2r5 70.9r6 )P5 (cos )
X
4(D A)
n
nx
T =A+
sinh
(b y) sin
n sinh (nb/a)
a
a
odd n
X
4(C A)
n
ny
+
sinh
(a x) sin
n sinh (na/b)
b
b
odd n
X
4(B A)
ny
nx
+
sinh
sin
n sinh (nb/a)
a
a
odd n
v p
=
(kmn /a)2 + 2 where kmn is a zero of Jn
2s
2
v n 2 m 2
+
+
=
2
a
b
Z
200 sin k
cos kx cosh ky dk
u(x, y) =
0 k cosh k
Chapter 14
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.15
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
u = x3 3xy2 , v = 3x2 y y 3
1.2 u = x, v = y
u = x, v = y
1.4 u = (x2 + y 2 )1/2 , v = 0
u = x, v = 0
1.6 u = ex cos y, v = ex sin y
u = cos y cosh x, v = sin y sinh x
u = sin x cosh y, v = cos x sinh y
u = x/(x2 + y 2 ), v = y/(x2 + y 2 )
u = (2x2 + 2y 2 + 7x + 6)/[(x + 2)2 + y 2 ], v = y/[(x + 2)2 + y 2 ]
u = 3x/[x2 + (y 2)2 ], v = (2x2 2y 2 + 5y 2)/[x2 + (y 2)2 ]
u = x(x2 + y 2 + 1)/[(x2 y 2 + 1)2 + 4x2 y 2 ],
v = y(1 x2 y 2 )/[(x2 y 2 + 1)2 + 4x2 y 2 ]
u = ln(x2 + y 2 )1/2 , v = 0
1.14 u = x(x2 + y 2 ), v = y(x2 + y 2 )
x
x
u = e cos y, v = e sin y
1.16 u = 0, v = 4xy
u = cos x cosh y, v = sin x sinh y
u = 21/2 [(x2 + y 2 )1/2 + x]1/2 , v = 21/2 [(x2 + y 2 )1/2 x]1/2 ,
where the signs are chosen so that uv has the sign of y.
u = ln(x2 + y 2 )1/2 , v = arc tan(y/x) [angle is in the quadrant
of the point (x, y)].
u = x2 y 2 4xy x y + 3, v = 2x2 2y 2 + 2xy + x y
u = ey cos x, v = ey sin x
N
A
A, z 6= 2i
N
A, z =
6 0
A, z 6= 0
2.4
2.8
2.12
2.16
2.20
2.24
N
A
A, z 6= i
N
A
N
Yes, z 6= 0
iz
cos z
ieiz
2.51
2.55
2.59
2.63
Yes
iz 3
ez
i/(1 z)
Chapter 14
3.1
3.5
3.9
3.12
3.17
3.20
3.23
1
2
+i
1
1
(a) 53 (1 + 2i)
(a) 0
(a) 0
72i
66
3.2 (2 + i)/3
3.6 1, 1
3.10 (2i 1)e2i
(b) 13 (8i + 13)
(b) i
(b) 17i/4
3.24 17i/96
3.3 0
3.7 (1 i)/8
3.11 2i
3.4
3.8
i/2
i/2
3.18 i
3/6
3.22 i 3/108
3.16 0
3.19 16i
1
2
For 0 < |z| < 1: 21 z 1 + 34 + 78 z + 15
16 z ; R(0) = 2
1 1
1
1 2
1 3
4
3
2
For 1 < |z| < 2: ( z + z + z + 2 z + 4 + 18 z + 16
z + 32
z )
3
4
5
6
For |z| > 2: z + 3z + 7z + 15z
13 2
1
4.4 For 0 < |z| < 1: 14 z 1 21 11
16 z 16 z ; R(0) = 4
5
3 2
z + 16
z
For 1 < |z| < 2: + z 3 + z 2 + 43 z 1 + 21 + 16
4
5
6
7
For |z| > 2: z + 5z + 17z + 49z
1
1
1 2
4.5 For 0 < |z| < 2: 21 z 3 14 z 2 18 z 1 16
32
z 64
z ; R(0) = 18
3
4
5
6
7
For |z| > 2: z + z + 2z + 4z + 8z
4.6 For 0 < |z| < 1: z 2 2z 1 + 3 4z + 5z 2 ; R(0) = 2
For |z| > 1: z 4 2z 5 + 3z 6
4.7 For |z| < 1: 2 z + 2z 2 z 3 + 2z 4 z 5 ; R(0) = 0
For |z| > 1: z 1 2z 2 + z 3 2z 4
175 2
4.8 For |z| < 1: 5 + 25
6 z 36 z ; R(0) = 0
1 2
7 3
For 1 < |z| < 2: 5( + z 3 z 2 + z 1 + 16 z + 36
z + 216
z )
1 2
1 3
1
3
2
1
z
For 2 < |z| < 3: + 3z + 9z 3z + 1 3 z + 9 z 27
3
4
5
For |z| > 3: 30(z 2z + 9z )
4.9 (a) regular
(b) pole of order 3
(c) pole of order 2
(d) pole of order 1
4.10 (a) simple pole
(b) pole of order 2
(c) pole of order 2
(d) essential singularity
4.11 (a) regular
(b) pole of order 2
(c) simple pole
(d) pole of order 3
4.12 (a) pole of order 3
(b) pole of order 2
(c) essential singularity
(d) pole of order 1
4.3
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.14
6.16
6.18
6.20
6.22
6.24
6.26
z 1 1 + z z 2 ; R = 1
(z 1)1 1 + (z 1) (z 1)2 ; R = 1
1
z ; R = 16
z 3 16 z 1 + 120
z 2 + (1/2!) + (z 2 /4!) ; R = 0
1
1
+ 21 + 14 (z 1) ]; R = 21 e
2 e[(z 1)
3
z 1
+ (1/5!)z 5 ; R = 1
i
h (1/3!)z
1
1
1
1
2
z
1
+
(1
/2)
z
,R=
4
2
2
1
4
1/2
)2 /4! + (z )4 /6! , R =0
(z 1
(z 2) + 1 + (z 2) + (z 2)2 + ; R = 1
R(2/3) = 1/8, R(2) = 1/8
6.15 R(1/2) = 1/3, R(4/5) = 1/3
R(0) = 2, R(1) = 1
6.17 R(1/2) = 5/8, R(1/2) = 3/8
6.19 R(/2)
= 1/2
R(3i) = 21 13 i
R(i) = 1/4
6.21 R[ 2 (1 + i)] = 2 (1 i)/16
R(i) = 1
6.23 R(2i/3) = ie2/3 /12
R(0) = 2
6.25 R(0) = 2
1
3
2i/3
6.27 R(/6) = 1/2
R(e
) = 6 (i 3 1)e
Chapter 14
67
6.28
6.30
6.32
6.34
6.140
6.180
6.220
6.260
6.270
6.310
6.350
1
1
R(3i) = 16
+ 24
i
6.29
R(0) = 1/6!
6.31
R(2i) = 3ie2 /32
6.33
R(0) = 7, R(1/2) = 7
6.35
i/4
6.150 0
6.160
0
6.190 0
6.200
2
0
0
6.23
3sinh 3 6.240
7.1
7.5
7.9
7.13
7.17
7.20
7.25
7.29
7.30
7.34
7.38
7.45
7.46
7.47
7.48
7.49
7.50
7.51
7.53
7.55
7.57
7.59
7.61
7.63
7.65
/6
7.2 /2
7.3 2/3
7.4
/(1 r2 )
7.6 2/33/2
7.7 /6
7.8
2/| sin |
7.10
7.11 3/32
7.12
/10
7.14 (/e) sin 2 7.15 e4/3
/12
7.16
1
3/2
(/e)(cos 2 + 2 sin 2)
7.18 2 e
7.19
e1/3 /9
7.22 /2
7.23 /8
7.24
/36
7.26 /2
7.27 /4
7.28
/2 for
a
>
0,
0
for
a
=
0,
/2
for
a
<
0
3
7.31 /3
7.32 16
7.33
2
/(2 2 )
/2
7.35 2(21/3 1)/ 3
7.36
cot p
7.39 2
7.40 2 /4
7.41
One negative real, one each in quadrants I and IV
One negative real, one each in quadrants II and III
One negative real, one each in quadrants I and IV
Two each in quadrants I and IV
Two each in quadrants I and IV
Two each in quadrants II and III
4i, 8i
7.52 i
i
7.54 8i
cosh t cos t
7.56 (sinh t sin t)/2
1 + sin t cos t
7.58 (cos 2t + cosh 2t)/2
2et cos t 3 + e2t
7.60 t + et 1
1
7.62 1 4tet
3 (cosh 2t + 2 cosh t cos t 3)
(cosh t cos t)/2
7.64 23 sinh 2t 31 sinh t
(cos 2t + 2 sin 2t et )/5
8.3
8.5
8.7
8.9
8.11
8.14
Regular, R = 1
Regular, R = 1
Simple pole, R = 2
Regular, R = 0
Regular, R = 1
2i
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.7
9.8
8.4
8.6
8.8
8.10
8.12
8.15
R(ln 2) = 4/3
R(0) = 9/2
R() = 1/2
R(i) = 0
2i
6.170 i/2
0
6.210 0
4i
6.250 4i
5i/2
6.300 i/360
0
6.340 0
R(n) = (1)n /n!
2/9
/18
2/8
e2/3 /18
e3 /54
/4
2/2
2 2
(2)1/2 /4
Regular, R = 2
Simple pole, R = 5
Regular, R = 0
Regular, R = 2
Regular, R = 2
i
Chapter 14
68
1 x2 y 2
2
2
2
(x + 1) + y
1
10.14 = V0 ln
2
(x 1)2 + y 2
2y
= V0 arc tan
, arc tan between /2 and 3/2.
1 x2 y 2
4V0 xy
2V0 (1 x2 + y 2 )
,
Vy =
Vx =
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
(1 x + y ) + 4x y
(1 x + y 2 ) + 4x2 y 2
11.1 ln(1 + z)
11.2 i ln(1 + z)
R(i) = 1/2
R(ei/3/2) = R(e5i/3/2) = i/(6 2 )
11.7 R(i) = /4, R(i) = R(e3i/2 ) = 3/4
11.8 R(1/2) = 1/2
11.9 1/6
11.10 1
11.12 1/2
11.13 (a) 1/96
(b) 5
(c) 1/80
(d) 1/2
11.14 (a) 2
(b) sin 5 (c) 1/16
(d) 2
11.15 /6
11.16 /6
11.17 (e1/2 16 e3 )/35
11.18 e/2 /4
11.19 3(21 e )/(10)
11.20 (e1 + sin 1)/2
11.28
11.29 3 /8 (Caution: 3 /8 is wrong.)
11.31 One in each quadrant
11.32 One negative real, one each in quadrants II and III
11.33 One each in quadrants I and IV, two each in II and III
11.34 Two each in quadrants I and IV, one each in II and III
2a2 p
11.41 2 /8
11.40 4
p + 4a4
Chapter 15
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
1/10, 1/9
1/3, 5/9
1/4, 3/4, 1/3, 1/2
9/26, 1/2, 1/13
3/10, 1/3
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.10
2.12
2.14
2.15
2.17
(a) 3/4
(b) 1/5
(c) 2/3
(d) 3/4
(e) 3/7
(a) 3/4
(b) 25/36
(c) 37, 38, 39, 40
(a) 1/6
(b) 1/2
(c) 1/3
(d) 1/3
(e) 1/9
(a) 3 to 9 with p(5) = p(7) = 2/9; others, p = 1/9
(b) 5 and 7
(c) 1/3
2.18 (a) 1/2, 1/2
(b) 1/2, 1/4, 1/4
(c) Not a sample space
2.19 1/3, 1/3; 1/7, 1/7
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
3.21
3.22
26 , 23 , 23
(a) 8/9, 1/2
(b) 3/5, 1/11, 2/3, 2/3, 6/13
1/33, 2/9
4/13, 1/52
(a) 1/6 (b) 2/3 (c) P (A) = P (B) = 1/3, P (A + B) = 1/2, P (AB) = 1/6
1/8
(a) 1/49
(b) 68/441
(c) 25/169
(d) 15 times
(e) 44/147
(a) 1/4
(b) 25/144, 1/16, 1/16
n > 3.3, so 4 tries are needed.
(a) 1/3
(b) 1/7
9/23
(a) 39/80, 5/16, 1/5, 11/16
(b) 374/819
(c) 185/374
(a) 15/34
(b) 2/15
1/3
5/7, 2/7, 11/14
2/3, 1/3
6/11, 5/11
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.7
(a) P (10, 8)
(b) C(10, 8)
(c) 1/45
n
3, 7, 31, 2 1
1.98 103 , 4.95 104 , 3.05 104 , 1.39 105
28 , 28 , 7/32
4.6 15
1/26
4.8 1/221, 1/33, 1/17
69
Chapter 15
70
4.9
4.12
4.17
4.21
5.1 = 0, = 3
5.2 = 7, = 35/6
5.3 = 2, = p2
5.4 = 1, = p21/2
5.5 = 1, = 7/6 p
5.6 = 3, = 284/13 = 4.67
5.7 = 3(2p 1), = 2 3p(1 p) 5.8 E(x) = $12.25
5.12 E(x) = 7
5.15 x = 3(2p 1)
2
2
5.17 Problem 5.2: E(x ) = 329/6, = 35/6
Problem 5.6: E(x2 ) = 401/13, 2 = 284/13
Problem 5.7: E(x2 ) = 24p2 24p + 9, 2 = 12p(1 p)
2 2
6.4 f (x) = e x / , x = 0, = 1/( 2 )
6.5 f (t) = et , F (t) = 1 et , t = 1/, half life = tln 2
Exactly
7h
At most
7h
At least
7h
Most probable
number of h
Expected
number of h
7.1
0.0078
0.0078
3 or 4
7/2
7.2
12
0.193
0.806
0.387
7.3
15
0.196
0.500
0.696
7 or 8
15/2
7.4
18
0.121
0.240
0.881
7.5
0.263
1
2
= 0, 2 = kT /m, f (v) = p
emv /(2kT )
2kT /m
In (8.11) to (8.20), the first number is the binomial result and the second number
is the normal approximation using whole steps at the ends as in Example 2.
8.11 0.0796, 0.0798
8.12 0.03987, 0.03989
8.13 0.9598, 0.9596
8.14 0.9546, 0.9546
8.15 0.03520, 0.03521
8.16 0.4176, 0.4177
8.17 0.0770, 0.0782
8.18 0.372, 0.376
8.19 0.0946, 0.0967
8.20 0.462, 0.455
8.25 C: 38.3%, B and D: 24.2%, A and F: 6.7%
In + 12 and + 23 , change 21 to 0.5244, and 32 to 1.2816.
8.3
Chapter 15
9.3
Number of particles:
0
1
2
3
4
5
Number of intervals: 406 812 812 541 271 108
9.4 P0 = 0.018, P1 = 0.073, P4 = 0.195
9.5 P0 = 0.37, P1 = 0.37, P2 = 0.18, P3 = 0.06
9.6 Exactly 5: 64 days. Fewer than 5: 161 days. Exactly 10: 7 days. More
than 10: 5 days. Just 1: 12 days. None at all: 2 or 3 days
9.7 0.238
9.8 3, 10, 3
9.9 P2 = 0.022, P6 = P7 = 0.149, Pn >10 = 0.099
9.11 Normal: 0.08, Poisson: 0.0729, (binomial: 0.0732)
10.8 x = 5, y = 1, sx = 0.122, sy = 0.029,
x = 0.131, y = 0.030, mx = 0.046, my = 0.0095,
rx = 0.031, ry = 0.0064,
x + y = 6 with r = 0.03, xy = 5 with r = 0.04,
x3 sin y = 105 with r = 2.00, ln x = 1.61 with r = 0.006
10.9 x = 100 with r = 0.47, y = 20 with r = 0.23,
x y = 80 with r = 0.5, x/y = 5 with r = 0.06,
x2 y 3 = 8 107 with r = 2.9 106 , y ln x = 92 with r = 1
10.10 x = 6 with r = 0.062, y = 3 with r = 0.067,
2x y = 9 with r = 0.14, y 2 x = 3 with r = 0.4,
ey = 20 with r = 1.3, x/y 2 = 0.67 with r = 0.03
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
11.10
11.11
11.12
11.13
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
(a) 11/30
(b) 19.5
(c) 6/11
(d)7/11
cents
(b) E(x) = 5, = 3
(c) 0.0767
(d) 0.0807
(e) 0.0724
20/47
5/8
MB: 25
FD:
BE: 15
10
x = 1/4, = 3/4
(b) x
= 4/3, = 2/3
(c) 1/5
(a) x:
0
1
2
p : 55/72 = 0.764
16/72 = 0.222
1/72 = 0.139
(b) 17/72 = 0.236
(c) 6/17 = 0.353
(d) x
= 1/4, = 31/12 = 0.463
(a) 0.7979, 0.7979
(b) 0.9123, 0.9123
(a) 0.0347, 0.0352
(b) 0.559, 0.562
(a) 0.00534, 0.00540
(b) 0.503, 0.500
30, 60
11.14 1
binomial: 0.2241, normal: 0.195, Poisson: 0.2240
(a) binomial: 0.0439, normal: 0.0457, Poisson: 0.0446
(b) binomial: 0.0946, normal: 0.0967, Poisson: 0.0846
x = 2 with r = 0.073, y = 1 with r = 0.039, x y = 1 with r = 0.08,
xy = 2 with r = 0.11, x/y 3 = 2 with r = 0.25
x = 5 with r = 0.134, y = 60 with r = 0.335, x + y = 65 with r = 0.36,
y/x = 12 with r = 0.33, x2 = 25 with r = 1.3
71