ANGLU EGZAS

12. Cooling system (different types of cooling systems, their functions

Cooling of engines is achieved by circulating a cooling liquid around internal passages within
the engine. Without adequate cooling certain parts of the engine which are exposed to very
high temperatures, as a result of burning fuel, would soon fail. The usual coolant is fresh
water, sea water is not used directly because of its corrosive action. Lubricating oil is
sometimes used for piston cooling since leaks into the crankcase would not cause problems.
Two types of cooling systems, involving heat exchangers, are in common use in marine
engines, the open system and the closed system. In the open system the engine is cooled
directly by sea water. The term open is used because sea water is drawn directly from the
sea,passed through the system and discharget overboard.
In the closed system or fresh water cooling system, the engine is cooled by fresh water and
the fresh water then is cooled by sea water. The closed type is in common use today in all
modern diesel engines.
In the fresh water cooling circuit, the fresh water is reused continuously for engine cooling.
The temperature of coolant must increase gradually, in this way the thermal shock can be
prevented.

6. Types of merchant ships, their classification according to the mode of their

operation and cargo they carry.
Merchant vessels are ships that are primarily used either for carrying cargo or
passengers. They can be divided into different categories according to
their size and purpose.
Dry cargo ship is a term generally used for bulk carriers and container ships.
While bulk carriers are used in the transportation of bulk cargo such as grains, coal,
ores and cement, container ships are normally used for carrying miscellaneous goods.
Tankers are used for transporting crude oil, finished petroleum products, liquefied
natural gas (LNG), chemicals and other liquids in bulk. They play an important role in
international trade with a share of over 33% of the world tonnage.
As the name suggests, passenger ships are primarily used for carrying passengers. It
also includes cruise ships that are mainly used for pleasure voyages.
Specialised ships are designed in a way to transport specific goods such as vehicles
and machinery.
Offshore vessels. They are specially designed ships for transporting goods and
personnel to offshore oil platform that operate deep in oceans.