Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Grammar Exercises
Grammar Exercises
EXERCISE 1:PRONOUNS
EXERCISE 2:POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/PRONOUNS
EXERCISE 3:POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/PRONOUNS
EXERCISE 4 :POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS
EXERCISE 5: POSSESSIVE FORMS OF NOUNS
EXERCISE 6: POSSESSIVE FORMS WITH "OF"
EXERCISE 7: REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
EXERCISE 8: INDEFINITE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS
EXERCISE 9 : NAMES OF COUNTRIES
EXERCISE 10 : NATIONALITY ADJECTIVES
EXERCISE 11: NATIONALITY ADJECTIVES AND LANGUAGES
EXERCISE 12: PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
EXERCISE 13 : PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
EXERCISE 14 : JOBS AND PROFESSIONS
EXERCISE 15 : QUESTION WORDS
EXERCISE 16 : SOME/ANY
EXERCISE 17:SOME /ANY
EXERCISE 18: MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF/ LOTS OF
EXERCISE 19:HOW MUCH /HOW MANY
EXERCISE 20 : HOW MUCH / HOW MANY
EXERCISE 21 : A FEW/A LITTLE
EXERCISE 22 :FEW/A FEW/LITTLE/A LITTLE
EXERCISE 23. INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A /AN)
EXERCISE 24: DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE)
EXERCISE 25:DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE)
EXERCISE 26: DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE)
EXERCISE 27: DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A / AN / THE)
EXERCISE 28: DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A/AN/THE)
EXERCISE 29 :ANOTHER /OTHER /OTHERS
EXERCISE 30: ONE/ONES
EXERCISE 31: ELSE
EXERCISE 1 PRONOUNS
Complete the following sentences with the necessary "Subject Pronouns" or "Object Pronouns".
Subject Pronouns
Object Pronoun
Me
You
You
He
Him
She
Her
It
It
We
Us
They
Them
Example:
1.
2.
The thief is trying to run away and the policeman is running after ................................
3.
There is a girl sitting on the chair, and the nurse is looking after ................................
4.
The boy is standing near the board and is writing the sentences on ................................
5.
The children are eating apples............................... are eating .............................. in the garden.
6.
The girl is in the ambulance and the doctor is taking.............................. to (the) hospital.
7.
8.
There are a lot of dogs in the garden, and my daughter is playing with ................................
9.
The woman is taking the boy home............................... is carrying .............................. in her arms.
10.
There are a lot of snakes on the farm, but I am not afraid of................................
11.
The girl has a car but she cannot drive .................. because .................. doesn't have a driving licence.
12.
She says that she is afraid of............................... because I have piercing looks.
13.
14.
I am sitting next to Caroline................... are close friends and everybody is jealous of.........................
15.
The woman is very poor; therefore,.............................. is begging for money in the streets.
16.
The birds are in the tree....................... are singing happily and we are listening to ............................
17.
She doesn't want to go out with..............................; she thinks that I am not handsome.
18.
19.
20.
My twin-brother looks like ............................... but I don't love .............................. very much.
21.
22.
The bus is at the bus-stop and the women are getting on ........................ with their children.
10
EXERCISE 2
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/PRONOUNS
Complete the following sentences with the Possessive Adjective or Possessive Pronoun
Possessive Adjectives
Possessive Pronouns
My
mine
Your
yours
His
his
Her
hers
Its
its
Our
ours
Their
theirs
2)
3)
4)
5)
Rose wears ear-rings, but........................ ear-rings are more expensive than hers. (I)
6)
The dog is eating a bone. .... .......... . teeth are. very sharp, (it)
7)
8)
I don't think that is ... .......... ....; .... ............. suitcase is green, (she)
9)
The boys are riding on ........... .... ... bicycles in the street, (they)
10)
11)
Please pass these books to your friends. They are.......... ...... .. (they)
12)
13)
14)
15)
These are Mr. and Mrs. Brown. That is ............................ house, (they)
16)
There are some books on the desk, but they are not.......................... (we)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
11
24)
Don't bother to bring a camera; you can use .... ..... ....
25)
EXERCISE 3
. (I)
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/PRONOUNS
Complete the following sentences with a "Subject Pronoun", "Object Pronoun" or "Possessive Adjective".
Subject Pronouns
Object Pronouns
Possessive Adjectives
me
my
you
you
your
he
him
his
she
her
her
it
it
its
we
us
our
you
you
your
they
them
their
Example:
My name is Anna Vissi, and I come from Greece. Everybody loves me.
1. My sister is a medical doctor and ................... works in Germany, but I don't know ................... phone
number.(she/her)
2. Can you help ................... with ................... homework? (I / me / my)
3. Mary writes to.................... but they don't write to her very often, (they /them / their)
4. ..................always spend ................... holidays in Spain with ................... friends, (we / us / our)
5. Melissa doesn't tell................... the truth, and ................... am very sorry for it. (I / me / my)
6. The teacher always asks ................... very difficult questions whenever ................... have an English
exam. (they / them / their)
7. ................... is my girlfriend.................... name is Silvia, but................... cannot speak Turkish very well,
(she / her)
8. The boys are riding ................... bicycles in the street, and ................... are very cheerful but I cannot see
...................faces very well, (they / them / their)
9. Helen is going to school with................... boyfriend today.................... school is a long way from here,
(she / her)
10. The teacher is looking at.................... but................... are not listening to her, because ................... friend
is telling................... a funny story, (we / us / our)
11. ................... are taking................... children to the zoo in the afternoon, aren't...................? (they / them /
their)
12
12. ................... is very beautiful. I think I am in love with....................but................... father doesn't let me
go out with.................... (she/her)
13. I always help Melissa, but she never helps ................... with ................... homework. She thinks
that................... am very lazy. (I / me / my)
14. I have got two children, and I love ................... very much, but................... don't love me so much.
(they / them / their)
15. I don't like ................... because ................... is very selfish, but I like ................... sister, (she / her)
you
he
she
it
we
they
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
my
your
his
her
its
our
their
mine
yours
his
hers
ours
theirs
Example:
1) You can borrow.......................... camera if you haven't got one. I dont need ... .... ...... ...
2) He always tells................. what the problem is and I always help ...... .... ...... ..with
3) I always see Jane and Marry at the comer, but............................ never greet.......................
4) Your car is here but I can't find Do you know where ............................ car is?
5) If your girlfriend is in Istanbul, why don't you bring ................ to the party?
6) My sister and I both have sports car; her car is red and ......... ............ is black.
7) If anyone arrives late, tell.......................... not to enter the room without my permission.
8) Our children want to go camping this summer; what about........................ children?
9) I know Sharon very well....... ..... .... is a very good friend of.. ..... ...... ...
10) Helen is very rich. ............................ collection of coins is extremely valuable.
11) I have got a cat.... .... ..... .... name is Cancan, and I love ............................ very much.
12) ............................ am looking for my book everywhere, but I can't find .............................
13) My father knows Mary very well, and that's why he doesn't trust .... .......... ...
14) Where are your seats? I am looking for ............................ but I can't find .. .... .... ....
15) Whoever is at the door, tell. .... .... .... I am not in.
16) She is trying to frighten............................. but I am not afraid of..... ....... ...
anymore.
17) She is crying because the teacher is very angry with .... .. ............
18) Please take these books and give ..... ....... .... to Helen, because ....... ......... belong to ..............
13
19) Her parents live in Istanbul, but...................... live in Kars and ..... ........ love...............
20) We don't love .............................. French teacher. Do you love... ..... ....
21)Their house is very comfortable, but mine is more comfortable than ....... ..... ..... .
22) My suitcase is very heavy, but... ..... .... suitcase is heavier than ............................... Mary
23) It is not necessary for...............to buy the book. I can lend you ...... ......... I don't need ............
24) I forgot to bring my wallet with ..................... have you got.......................?
25) I always go to the cinema in. ......... ........ free time.
26) The cat has got a fish;............... ..... is in........ .... .... mouth.
27) If.............................. don't pass the exam, will.............................. take ...................... again, Rose?
28) There is an old lady with a dog on ....... knee and there are two men with pipes in ............ mouths.
29) I don't think that Helen is a reliable girl, so ..................... never lend............................. any money.
30) He is such a rich man that..................... doesn't care how ...... ........... spends ........ money.
EXERCISE 5 POSSESSIVE FORMS OF NOUNS
Rewrite the following sentences using the "Possessive Forms" of Nouns with "Apostrophe" (..............,'s) or
(.........').
Example:
Rewrite the following sentences using the "Possessive Form" with "OF".
Example:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
:
:
:
:
:
15
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
EXERCISE
7 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
Complete the following sentences with a proper "Reflexive Pronoun" on the list below.
Myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
himself
themselves
herself
itself
Example:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
Bring another key. The children have locked ........................................... in the garage.
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
EXERCISE 8
Complete each of the following sentences with a proper "Pronouns" and "Adverbs" on the list below.
PRONOUNS
ADVERBS
everybody
everything
everywhere
somebody
something
somewhere
anybody
anything
anywhere
nobody
nothing
nowhere
B: Yes, I told... .... .......... .... .... . about the garden party.
11. A: Did your parents go ................................................. last month?
B: Yes, they went .... ... ......................... last month, but I cannot remember the name.
12. A:................................................ is knocking at the door. Will you please answer it?
B: I think you are mistaken, because..................................... ... is knocking at the door now.
13. A: Do you like fishing?
B: Yes, I do, but I never catch...............................................
14. A: Do you know ........... .... ... .... ..... about the accident?
B: Sorry, I know ................................................ about the accident, but 1 think she knows.
15. A: Did you go........... ............... .... last summer?
B: No, we stayed at home, we went....................................
EXERCISE
9 NAMES OF COUNTRIES
Complete the following sentences writing the names of the countries on the left.
Example:
Ankara.................................................................................
Ankara is the capital city of Turkey.
1)
Rome........................................................................................... Italy
2)
3)
4)
Madrid......................................................................................... Spain
5)
Paris............................................................................................ France
6)
7)
Lisbon.......................................................................................... Portugal
8)
Cairo........................................................................................... Egypt
9)
Tokyo.......................................................................................... Japan
10)
Warsaw........................................................................................ Poland
11)
Moscow..............................................................................
12)
Brussels........................................................................................ Belgium
13)
Buenos Aires.................................................................................Argentina
14)
Brasilia......................................................................................... Brazil
15)
Ottawa......................................................................................... Canada
16)
Riyadh...........................................................................................Saudi Arabia
17)
Canberra...................................................................................... Australia
18)
Damascus..................................................................................... Syria
19)
20)
21)
22)
Oslo............................................................................................. Norway
23)
Stockholm......................................................................................Sweden
24)
Edinburgh......................................................................................Scotland
25)
Amsterdam.....................................................................................The Netherlands
26)
Tbilisi.......................................................................................... Georgia
27)
28)
Dublin......................................................................................... Ireland
29)
Sofia.......................................................................................... Bulgaria
30)
Baku............................................................................................ Azerbaijan
31)
Baghdad....................................................................................... Iraq
32)
Tehran......................................................................................... Iran
33)
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
B: No, ____________________________________________
10. A: What is the nationality of the man in your office? (France)
B: ____________________________________________
11. A: Is your father British? (Italy)
B: No, ____________________________________________
12. A: What nationality is Carlos? (Brazil)
B: ____________________________________________
13. A: Are those women Spanish? (China)
B: No,
____________________________________________
1)
It is an ancient city
2)
3)
I am not a poet
4)
5)
Is he a teacher?
6)
7)
8)
9)
in the house
:
:
is falling down
you a policeman?
:
:
21
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27) The ox
28)
29) She is
31) This
32) She is
a beautiful lady
:
:
30) Where is
here :
BRANCH
HALF
KNIFE
BOX
BACTERIUM
LOAF
BRUSH
LEAF
SHELF
COUNTRY
DRESS
CITY
GOOSE
CHILD
CRITERION
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
The teacher usually puts the books on the ...................................... of the cupboard.
9)
10)
She always cuts the apple into two ...................................... and gives one half to me.
11)
12)
13)
What are your ...................................... when you are judging a work of art?
14)
15)
B.
ADDRESS FOOT
FAMILY
PIECE
DICTIONARY
SPY
TOOTH
BUS
AX
FACTORY
STORY
BABY
DAISY
MOUSE
SECRETARY
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
All the .....................................of the students are gathering in the garden for the reception.
11)
12)
They are picking up .....................................in the park to give them to their girlfriends.
13)
14)
15)
nurse
judge
artist
plumber
author
surgeon
pilot
fishmonger
midwife
engineer
1. (
2. (
3. (
4. (
5. (
}. He/she helps doctors and looks alter sick or injured people in hospital.
6. (
7. (
8. (
9. (
10.
B.
pharmacist
hairdresser
butcher
baby sitter
barber
astronaut
dentist
doctor
judge
architect
1. (
2. (
3. (
4. (
5. (
6. (
7. (
8. (
9. (
10.(
C.
teacher
waiter
lawyer
referee
locksmith
psychiatrist
baker
coroner
veterinarian
psychologist
1. (
2. (
3. (
4. (
5. (
6. (
7. (
8. (
9. (
10. (
WHICH
WHY
WHOM
WHOSE
HOW
WHAT
WHEN
WHERE
1)
A: does David talk to on the phone for half an hour every day?
24
A:........................................... does your son wait for in front of the house every morning?
B: My son waits for his girlfriend in front of the house every morning.
6)
B: I am a medical doctor.
17) A:.......................................
With ..... ........ ............ does Silvia go to the cinema every week?
A:...
B: I prefer blue.
25) A:
....
EXERCISE 16 SOME/ANY
Answer the following questions using "SOME" or "ANY".
Example:
SOME /ANY
2)
3)
You have to inform the bank of....... .... ..... change of address.
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
There is still .. ... ............. chocolate cake left. Would you like another piece?
9)
12) Could
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
When can f visit the museum? -You can visit the museum. ...................... time you want.
19)
20)
21)
22)
Is there .... .... .. .. room in the ear for me? -No, there isn't.. ....... .....
23)
24)
25)
........................ . money you find in the street must be taken to the police station.
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
....... ........ .... taxi will take you to she train station.
34)
35)
.. .... vegetables.
She has a lot of time. She has lots of time. She does not have much time. Does she have much time?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Stella has not got................................................. information about her husband's hiding place.
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
You had better hurry up because you have not got............................................... time.
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
EXERCISE 19
A: How much ice-cream has Janet got? B: Janet has got a lot of ice-cream.
A: How many days are there in a week? B: There are seven days in a week.
- 30 -
1. A: .............................................
B: There are seven days in a week.
2. A: .............................................
B: Betty has got a lot of time to do her homework.
3. A: .............................................
B: Our teacher has got a lot of patience.
4. A: .............................................
B: There are two stray dogs in the garden.
5. A: .............................................
B: I want three pounds of meat, please.
6. A: .............................................
B: I am going to buy some orange juice, please.
7. A: .............................................
B: There are lots of people at the wedding party.
8. A: .............................................
B: We have got a lot of flour in the jar.
9. A: .............................................
B: She spends all her money on her clothes.
10. A: .............................................
B: I have a lot of pain in my leg.
11. A: .............................................
B: I would like six litres of milk.
12. A: .............................................
B: There are only a few chairs in the sitting room.
13. A: .............................................
B: Kelly wants to buy three boxes of chocolate.
14. A: .............................................
B: There are six women in the corner.
15. A: .............................................
- 31 -
................
.....
......
.................
.......................
EXERCISE 22
Complete the sentences with "FEW", "A FEW", "LITTLE" or "A LITTLE".
1. Over the next.......................................... days, I want you to make sure you get plenty of rest.
2. Yes, there are .......................................... grapes in the fridge.
3. There isn't much tea, but we only need .......................................... for a cup of tea.
4. There are .......................................... books in this library about geology.
5. The mother was carrying her.......................................... child on her shoulder.
6. Such opportunities are .......................................... in Turkey.
7. There is only.......................................... whisky left.
8. It was very cold, so .......................................... people came to the meeting.
9. You eat very........................................... That's why you are so thin.
10. .....................................people are interested in this subject, so we will cancel the course next month.
11. They have .......................................... food left; they cannot survive for much longer.
12. There is .......................................... flour left, so Alice will make .......................................... cakes.
13. She made .......................................... effort and she didn't do well in the exam.
14. I will have .......................................... time this afternoon if you like to come and see me.
15. Very.......................................... experiments have been done to find out the cause of this disease.
16. He .......................................... knows what will happen in the future.
17. I am thinking of changing my job because there are.........................................chances of promotion.
18. There is .......................................... milk in this bottle, but it is not enough for both of you.
19. I have so .......................................... time that I cannot go there.
20. John was among the .......................................... who really understood this matter.
21. ..........................................money was spent on the building and that is why it collapsed.
33
EXERCISE 23
Complete the sentences with the Indefinite Article "A", "AN" if it is necessary.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
...
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
Can you go by ................... train from ................... Alps to ................... North Sea?
13)
14)
15)
16)
................... longest walk in ................... space was eight hours twenty nine minutes in 1992.
17)
18)
Though he killed the man in self-defence, he has been in ................... prison for a long time.
19)
20)
21)
22)
My friend, who comes from................... Czech Republic, will go to ................... United Kingdom.
23)
................... Titanic sank during her maiden voyage to ................... United States of America.
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
EXERCISE 25
Complete the following sentences with the definite article "THE" if it is necessary..
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Someone broke in and stole several paintings from Royal Gallery last night.
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
.................. Browns were having dinner when wind look offroof of their house?
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
Complete the following sentences with the definite article "THE" if it is necessary.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
I have got two cats;................... yellow one is called Cancan,................... white one is called Mestan.
7)
8)
9)
My mother is in ................ bed now because she didn't sleep at all last night.
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
If we don't protect................... nature, our environment will get worse and worse.
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
................... life has changed a lot during ................... last fifty years in Turkey.
24)
25)
................... detective stories are more interesting than ................... love stories.
26)
27)
28)
................... football they play here is different from ................... kind they play in Turkey.
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
2)
Whatincredible story!
3)
4)
5)
..........
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
Parts of... .. ... Netherlands are below ...... .... level of .............. sea.
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
United States.
... daughter.
39
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
......... water-pipe.
There is ..... ..... cat in the living room. ..... .. cal looks very hungry.
2)
Riding on................... back of................... motorcycle was ................... new experience for her.
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
Sleyman................... Magnificent was ................... most famous Sultan in the Ottoman Empire.
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
I have read ................... Koran many times, but I haven't read ................... Bible yet.
20)
.................. Israeli war planes have made ................... air raid on ................... Palestinian targets.
21)
................... Parthenon is older than ............ Coliseums, but.......... Pyramids are ................... oldest of all.
22)
................... very centre of the graveyard was ................... tomb of................... Princess.
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
On................... arrival in ................... United Kingdom all visitors go through ................... Customs.
33)
This is ................... last time we shall see him before he leaves for Paris.
34)
35)
It is ................... duty of Medical Officer of Health to look after ................... deaf and ................... blind.
36)
Go along ................... High Street and take ................... first turning on ................... left.
2)
These books are mine; the ..... ... ... ..... ... . belong to my father.
3)
4)
5)
6)
May I have. .... ..... .... ..... .... slice of cake, please?
7)
8)
9)
She lost her ticket, so she had to buy ................... ... ... one.
10)
The Twins look alike. I cannot tell one from ............. ....
11)
12)
These children are having tea in the canteen, but the .. ..... ...... ............. are waiting in the office.
13)
14)
15)
I prefer this chair To the ... .. .... ... .. . one, because it is more comfortable.
16)
......
17)
.. ... .
..
..
.. .. ....... brothers.
.. in the city.
41
... .....
18)
19)
The man was waiting on the ...... ..................... side of the street.
20)
21)
22)
They went from one shop to .......... ... .... .... .....
23)
24)
25)
26)
She finished her cigarette, then lit................ ..... ..... ... one immediately.
27)
Professor Barry, among .. .. .... ... .... .. , has drawn attention to this problem.
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
She found one excuse after .......... ........................ to postpone the meeting.
33)
34)
We will get there one way or...... ... .... .... ... .
.. ...country.
..
..
.....
35)
She has never discussed it with anyone ...... ..... ..... ..... . than Cinderella.
36)
EXERCISE 30 ONE/ONES
Complete the following sentences with "ONE" or "ONES".
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
A: We have got a lot of records. Which .............................. do you want to listen to?
B: I want to listen to the .............................. that you gave me yesterday.
15)
16)
17)
18)
EXERCISE 31
ELSE
Complete the following sentences with the words on the list below.
what else
where else
who else
everybody else
somebody else
anybody else
nobody else
everyone else
someone else
anyone else
no one else
everything else
something else
anything else
nothing else
everywhere else
somewhere else
anywhere else
nowhere else
43
Example:
.. ... ... ..
.. .... ....
..
...
.. ..... ....
B: No, I wouldn't, but I would like to drink.... ...... ....... .............. .......................
4)
.... ....
..
...
B: Yes, we did, but this year we are going ..... .. .. ...... .....................
6)
B: No, I didn't only asked James, but I asked... ... .... .... .... ...
7)
B: Yes, they are, but there isn't ... ... ... .... .... .....
8)
..
.. .
...............
B: I did ....................... .
13)
.. .. ..
B: No, she hasnt, but she has been .. ... .... ... ...
14)
..
..
.... ....
..
..
45
EXERCISE 33
Complete the following sentences with the Comparative forms of "Adjectives" in brackets.
Example :
1)
I am...... .
2)
The Taj Mahal is ......... ... .. ... ... ..... . the While House (is), (old)
3)
This boxer is a bit.. .............................. ....... ......... the oilier one. (fast)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Everest is ....... ... ..... .... .... .. .. any other mountain in the world, (high)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
This place is .... ... .... ... ....... .......... that deserted island, (safe)
13)
14)
15)
The Pacific Ocean is ........ ...... .. ... .... ..... the Atlantic Ocean, (deep)
16)
Your mother looks .. .. .. ... .... .... ... ...your father (does), I think, (old)
17)
18)
19)
February is ..... .... .... ..... .... .... ... ...April, (cold)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
..
..
Canada, (large)
... .. .. ... .... ...... .... . she was last year, (happy)
46
27)
28)
29)
30)
This street is ..... ........... ......................... the street in which the children are playing, (noisy)
31)
32)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
The dome of the Blue Mosque is ................................................... the dome of St. Sophia, (elegant)
10) I think
11) My car
12) This
13) Swiss
14) My brother's
15) A
16) Riding
23) Susan
24) Hepatitis
25) Dogs
EXERCISE 35
Complete the following sentences with the Comparative Forms of "Adverbs" in brackets.
Example:
.. ...
2)
..
3)
..
a dog. (quietly)
4)
5)
My father goes to the cinema ..... .... ................................... .... .... .......... my mother (does), (frequently)
6)
7)
My mother walks. ... .... ......................................... ... .... ..... my father (does), (fast)
8)
9)
Shakira sings ...... ..... .... .... .......................... ... ... ....
10)
11)
12)
13)
..
..
14)
My mother spends money .................. ... ... .................... ...... ...... my father, (generously)
15)
16)
My daughter sings ........................................ ... ... ... .. .............. my son (does), (excellently)
17)
18)
19)
This woman talks .................................. .... ..... .......................... the men in the government, (openly)
20)
Thamanin the corner spoke ......... ........................ ... ... ...................... the chairman (did), (clearly)
21)
22)
23)
Lara lives ......................... ... ....... .... .............. .... her husband, (comfortably)
24)
25)
The teacher will arrive at the party........ .... .... ... .................. .... ... .... the students, (soon)
26)
......................... ..
..
..
..
(impatiently)
27)
..
28)
29)
My daughter understood the problem ........ ..... ... ..... ....... .........
30)
Azra goes to the cinema ... ... ............ ... ... ...
.. .... ....
.................
....................
..
. ....
..
..
6. My mother sings
. .. ...
.. ....
..
.........
10. Jupiter is .. ... .... ... ... ... .. ... planet in the solar system, (big)
11. My children behave ................... .................... ..... your children, (well)
12. Imagination is ....... .. .. ... .... .... . knowledge, (important)
13. Rose is a serious girl and behaves ................. ... ..... .... . all of us. (seriously)
14. What is .........
..
... ...
.... ... ..
today, (happy)
..
18. One of the dogs behaves .. ... .... ... .. ..... .... the other, (aggressively)
19. Sue smoked .. .... ...... ...... ........................... after the acupuncture treatment, (little)
20. Olga knows a lot ... .... .... .. .. .... ..
..
..
..
..
28. The film was .. .. .... ... .. . .............. the book, (interesting)
29. What is .. ......................................... restaurant in Istanbul? (fashionable)
30. That is .................................................... joke I have ever heard, (funny)
31. Natural food is ...... ......... ... ... ... ... fast food, (healthy)
32. It was an awful day In fact, it was ......................................................... day of my life, (bad)
33. Chinese food is .. ............................................. food in the world, (healthy)
34. He was ..................... ... .
51
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Example:
Rose
**
***
**
***
*
***
**
*
***
tall
beautiful
attractive
charming
careful
intelligent
successful
happy
cheerful
Mary is tall.
Mary
*
**
*
*
***
**
*
***
**
Jane
***
*
***
**
**
*
***
*
*
(Positive Degree)
(Comparative Degree)
(Superlative Degree
1. a
b
c
2. a
b
c
3. a
b
c
4. a
b
c
5. a
b
c
6. a
b
c
8. a
b
c
9. a
52
b
c
EXERCISE 39
Make sentences using the Comparative and Superlative forms of the "Adverbs" according to the information
on the chart below.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
well
fast
fluently
hard
early
late
beautifully
generously
quietly
Eileen
**
***
**
***
*
***
**
*
*
Melissa
**
*
* * *
*
* * *
*
1. a
b
c
2. a
b
c
3. a
b
c
4. a
b
c
5. a
b
c
6. a
b
c
7. a
b
53
Angela
*
* * *
* *
* *
*
* * *
* *
c
8. a
b
c
(Positive)
(Superlative)
(Positive)
(Comparative)
(Superlative)
1. a. Monica works.. ... .... .... ............... (little / less / the least)
b. Christina works........ ............................... Monica (does).
c. Marcella works .... .......................................... of the three.
2. a. Olenda sleeps ....................................... .. (a lot (much) / more / the most)
b. Claudia sleeps .... .... .... .......... ........ Olenda (does).
c. Patricia sleeps ................................................ of the three.
3. a. Paul plays tennis ................................................. (well / better / the best)
b. George plays tennis .......................................... Paul (does).
c. Charles plays tennis ..... .... ..... .... .....
of the three.
6. a. Rose gets up ..... .... .... ...................... (late /later / the latest)
b. Carol gels up ................................... Rose (does).
c. Nancy gets up ............................ .... .. of the three.
7. a. Jack ran .................................................. (fast / faster / the fastest)
b. Danny ran ........................................ Jack (did).
c. Tony ran .... ..... ..... ... ................ of the three.
8. a. Selda gels up ................................................ in the morning, (early / earlier / the earliest)
b. Mge gets up ........... .... .................... Selda in the morning.
c. Nkhet gets up................................................ of the three in the morning.
Example :
MUCH
MORE
LITTLE
LESS
THE MOST
THE LEAST
My book is more interesting than yours. Your book is less interesting than mine.
.. my niece.
59
UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
MANY
COUNTABLE NOUN
LITTLE
UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
FEW
COUNTABLE NOUN
ADJECTIVE
AS
Example: Julia is very beautiful. Linda is very beautiful, too. Julia is as beautiful as Linda (is) .
1. Paul has a lot of (many) children. Jack has a lot of (many) children, too.
2. The box is very heavy. The bag is very heavy, too.
3. Maria is very fat. Angela is very fat, too.
4. The red flower is very beautiful. The blue flower is very beautiful, too.
5. Mary is very careful. Sandra is very careful, too.
6. The Statue of Liberty is very famous. The Tower of London is very famous, too
7. Leyla is very young. Zeynep is very young, too.
8. Lolita is very poor. Rosemary is very poor, too.
9. This problem is very difficult. That problem is very difficult, too.
10. Horror films are very thrilling. Science fiction films are very thrilling, too.
11. My father is very cheerful. My mother is very cheerful, too.
12. My brother is very rich. Your brother is very rich, too.
13. Matilda is very friendly. Rebecca is very friendly, too.
14. I have a lot of (many) books. Peter has a lot of (many) books, too.
15. Hilda has a lot of (much) money. Sharon has a lot of (much) money, too.
16. My sister is talented for music. My brother is talented for music, too.
61
ADVERB
AS
Rose speaks German very well. Kate speaks German very well, too.
Rose speaks German as well as Kale (does).
Kale ran very fast. Melissa ran very fast, too.
Melissa ran as fast as Kale (did)
1. Melissa speaks Polish very fluently. Susan speaks Polish very fluently, too.
2. Tom works very hard. Diana works very hard, too.
3. My father plays the piano very badly. My mother plays the piano very badly, too.
4. Paul began playing the piano very late. Peter began playing the piano very late, too.
5. Martha started very early. Claudia started very early, too.
6. Peter writes very slowly. Tom writes very slowly, too.
7. Marry danced very gracefully. Belly danced very gracefully, too.
8. Tina runs very fast. Hilary runs very fast, too.
9. I play the piano very beautifully. Sally plays the piano very beautifully, too,
10. Lara speaks Russian very perfectly. Olga speaks Russian very perfectly.
11. Betty smokes a lot (much). Carol smokes a lot (much), too.
12. The President spoke very carelessly. The Premier spoke very carelessly, too.
13. My sister drives very carefully. My brother drives very carefully, too.
62
14. Tom escaped from prison mysteriously. Roger escaped from prison mysteriously, too.
15. The man expressed his opinion clearly. The girl expressed her opinion clearly, too.
ADJECTIVE
+
ADVERB
AS
+
AS
The red book is thick. The green book is very thick. (ADJECTIVE)
The red book is not as thick as the green one. The red book is not so thick as the green one.
Mary sings beautifully. Helen sings very beautifully. (ADVERB)
Mary does not sing as beautifully as Helen (does). Mary does not sing so beautifully as Helen
(does).
NOUN
AS
1. The red dress costs fifty dollars. The blue coat costs fifty dollars, (price)
64
EXERCISE 49 COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE
65
Complete the following sentences with "IN", "THAN", "OF", "THE", "THE SAME" or "AS ... AS".
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
You are losing weight but you are eating.......................................... as you usually do.
10)
11)
Everest is ................ highest mountain in the world. It is higher........... any other mountain in Turkey.
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
THE + COMPARATIVE...
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
If I practise playing the piano more, I become / will become more frustrated.
15)
If your children grow older, they become / will become more tolerant.
67
EXERCISE 51 COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE
Answer the following questions.
1)
B: .............................................................
2)
B: .............................................................
3)
B: .............................................................
4)
B: .............................................................
5)
A: Have you got more money or less money than your father has?
B: ............................................................
6)
B: ............................................................
7)
B
8)
B: ............................................................................................
9)
B: ................................................................
10)
B: .........................................................
11)
B: .............................................................
12)
B: .........................................................
13)
B: ............................................................
14)
B: ............................................................
15)
B: ...................................................................................................................................
16)
B: .............................................................
17)
B: .............................................................
18)
B: ...................................................................................................................................
EXERCISE 52 COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE
Answer the following questions.
1. A: Who is the funniest comedian in Turkey?
B: .........................,....................................................................................................................
2. A: Who is the best football player in Turkey?
B: ............................................................................................................................. .....
3. A: Who is the richest person in Turkey?
B: ...................................................................................................... ........................ .... .........
4. A: Can you speak English as fluently as your teacher?
B: ...................................... .........................................................................................................
5. A: Who is the most cheerful person in your family?
B: ............................................................................................... .............................................
6. A: Which is the largest continent in the world?
B: ..........................................................................................................................................
7. A: What is the coldest month of the year?
B: ............................................................................................................................................
8. A: Is France more powerful than the United States of America?
B: ...................................... .........................................................................................................
9. A: Is an elephant taller or shorter than a donkey?
69
IS
ARE
....................
.....
.. ..................
.. ...
... .
.. .... ...
.. ........
... ..
... ..
b. No,.. .... ....... ....... .... .. ... .. ....................... ..... ... .......
11. Are your students in front of the theatre?
a. Yes, ................. .... .. ... .......................
b. No...... ..... ... .. ............... ... .... ... ............... . ... .... ...
b. No, ..................................................................................................
11. Has your mother got a terrible headache?
a. Yes, .............................................................................................................
b. No, ............................................................................................................
EXERCISE 56
Complete the questions using 'The Auxiliary Verbs" on the list below and the correct forms of the "Main
Verbs" in the answers.
DO / DOES
Example:
A: What time do the Browns have breakfast?
B: They have breakfast at seven o'clock.
1)
A: Whenthe childrentennis?
EXERCISE 58
Give "Negative" answers to the questions and then "Positive" answers, using the words in brackets.
Example
76
B:
No,
b. No,.................................................................
6) 6. Does your English teacher always speak English in class?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
7) Do you cheat in the examination once in a while?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
8) Do you usually help your mother in the kitchen?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
9) Does the train always arrive at the station on time?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
10) Does your older brother generally take you to the theatre on Saturdays?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
11) Do I frequently ask you easy questions?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
12) Does your father speak several foreign languages?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
13) Do we always play tennis on Sunday mornings?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
14) Does your mother gel up early in the morning?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
15) Does your sister wear very expensive clothes?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
16) Do you always drink tea at breakfast?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
17) Do the people in your village regularly go to mosque?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
79
b. No,.................................................................
18) Do you always make mistakes in English?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
19) Does your teacher generally sit in the sun?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
20) Do your parents always go for a walk in the country?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
21) Does your teacher always tell you to practise your English?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
22) Do people smoke cigarettes in the theatre in Turkey?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
23) Do your parents live in Paris?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
24) Does your father always come home after midnight?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
1) A: How many........................................................................................................
B: Melissa has got two sisters.
2) A: Who ........................................................................................................
80
82
EXERCISE 62
Answer the following questions putting the "Adverbials" in brackets in the right place.
Example:
87
Yes.
b.
No.
8. Does your sister watch horror films on television before she goes to bed?
a.
Yes.
b.
No.
9. Do you sleep until the alarm clock rings?
a.
Yes.
b.
No.
10. Does your mother go on a diet when she gets fat?
a.
Yes.
b.
No.
11. Do people in Turkey pay attention to the traffic signs while they drive?
a.
Yes.
b.
No.
12. Do you always get seasick if/when you travel by ship?
a. Yes,...............................................................................................................................................
b. No,...............................................................................................................................................
16. Does your father always drink wine if/when he is not happy?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
17. Do you always book a table before you go to a restaurant?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
18. Does your mother get out of the room as soon as you start playing the piano?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
19. Do your friends usually wash their hands before they have their meals?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
20. Do your children play outside until they get tired?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
21. Does your sister get up when the sun rises in the morning?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
22. Do your friends always complain to the teacher when you make a noise?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
23. Do you often look at the safety instructions when you travel in a plane?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
24. Does your mother generally brush her teeth before she goes to bed?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
* stand up
91
* go to bed
* get dark
* go for a walk
* go to (the) hospital
* have a shower
* go to the cinema
* go to the dentist
* go on a diet
Example:
* get dark
* have a rest
* change clothes
* get nervous
* eat something
* have a drink
* go to the cinema
* go for a walk
* go to the police station
* go to hospital
13. A: What does your mother do when she has free time?
B:.
14. A: What does your father do when he gets sick?
B:.
15. A: What happens when you have an exam?
B:.
16. A: What do you do when someone robs you of your money?
Example:
Lisa (put on) her clothes. She (get up) in the morning, (when)
Lisa puts on her clothes when she gets up in the morning.
1) Jane (not, understand) the reading passage. She (read) it twice, (until)
2) My teacher (get) angry with me. I (leave) my books at home, (if)
3) It (get) dark. We (turn on) the lights. (when)
4) I (always, play) tennis with her. I (start) doing my homework, (before)
5) Children (live) with their parents. They (get) married, (until)
6) I (get) dressed. I (finish) my work, (as soon as)
7) My father (smoke) a pipe. He (drive) his car. (while)
8) We (throw) a stone into the sea. It (sink) to the bottom, (if)
9) They (spend) their time visiting the historical places. They (be) in France, (while)
10) She (take) a shower. She (play) tennis in the morning, (as soon as)
11) I always (take off) my shoes. I (enter) a mosque, (before)
12) My father (shout at) me. I (come) home after midnight, (whenever)
13) I (go) to the dentist, I (have) toothache (the moment)
14) Pamela (not, sleep) well. She (have) some problems, (when)
15) There (be) no danger in using this machine. You (stick) to the safety regulations, (as long as)
16) I (always, wear) a seat-belt. I(have) an accident, (in case)
94
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
11) What
12) What
14) When
do you have?
1) A:
.
B: The children are watching a horror film on TV at the moment.
2) A:
.
97
B: The girl is crying because her friends are making fun of her
15) A:
14) I (get)..............uncontrollable urges for junk food when I (watch) ....................the television at home.
15) My watch (generally, keep) .......................perfect time, but these days it (not, work)
.......................properly.
16) I (imagine) ................................. that the teacher (speak)............................................................ Italian
very well.
17) For the time being we (stay) ............................................................ at this hotel by the sea.
18) Please go away! I (try) ............................................................ to lull the baby to sleep.
19) My brother (not, have) ............................................................ a cold shower every morning.
20) What kind of music (you love)..........................................................I wonder?
21) (You/know) ............................................who (come)............................................ to the party tonight?
22) My mother (always / take) ................................................. the dog for a walk after breakfast.
23) (Your mother / think) .............................. that smoking hubble-bubble (be)............................. dangerous?
24) We (have) ............................................................ a lot of friends in Istanbul.
25) I (think) ........................................... that this book (be) ............................................. very interesting.
26) My sister (make) ............................................................ a dress for herself these days.
27) My sister (usually, play)......................................the piano until my father (get) ..............................angry.
28) My father (work) ..................................... in the garden while we (lay) ................................................. the
table.
29) The referee (want) ..................................... the match because it (rain) .................................................
now.
30) Your friendship (mean) ................................................ a great deal to me.
EXERCISE 73
Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the "Verbs" in brackets. Use "The Present Simple"
or "The Present Continuous".
Example :
Linda ... .............. .... the woman standing over there, (know)
Linda knows the woman standing over there.
1)
2)
3)
I..
4)
5)
...... ... ......... the soup to see if it has enough sail in it. (taste)
100
6)
He ...... ................... his father more and more as the years goby, (resemble)
7)
8)
The famous actor ... .............. ......... at the Ritz next week, (appear)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
My father ..... ..... .... .... .. a cold shower at the moment, (have)
14)
15)
16)
17)
She ................. .... ... that the operation will be successful, (believe)
18)
Susan .... .. ................. the baby tonight while we are out. (mind)
19)
I am tired of working in an office. I .... .... ......... ..... of changing my job. (think)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
The grocer .. ........................ the apples on the scales at the moment, (weigh)
26)
I. .....
27)
The bridge .. .... .... .............. ten meters from one side to the other, (measure)
28)
29)
That dress looks lovely; red really ... ...................... you. (suit)
30)
31)
32)
..................
things, (imagine)
DO
WAS
101
1)
IS
DOES
WERE
ARE
DID
WERE
B: No, I.......................... not go to the cinema last night, because I........................... very ill.
2)
B: He .......................... not write the report because he ......................very busy last night.
13) A:....................................
102
.... .....
..
B) ____________________________________________________________
9. Did your father pay the electric bill at the end of the month?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
10. Did you meet many interesting people at the party last night?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
11. Did your parents always fly with Turkish Airlines to Paris?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
12. Did your sister always speak English in the class?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
13. Did your friends make many grammatical mistakes in the class yesterday?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
14. Did you eat an apple before breakfast this morning?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
15. Did your sister wear her new dress to the party last week?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
16. Did your children do their homework in the evening?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
17. Did your teacher write a letter to your father?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
18. Did the students get up late this morning?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
19. Did the Turkish workers build this bridge many years ago?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
105
Example:
1. A:
B: Susan bought four books when she was in Paris.
2. A: _______________________________________________
B: Melissa studied English last weekend because she had an exam.
3. A: _______________________________________________
B: My father spent all his money on books.
4. A: _______________________________________________
B: The students stayed at the hotel for three weeks.
5. A: _______________________________________________
B: The guests left the party after midnight.
6. A: _______________________________________________
106
A: How many times did the postman ring the bell? B: The postman rang the bell twice.
A:
B: My father always wore smart clothes to parties.
2)
A:
B: My daughter played the piano very well at the recital.
3)
A:
B: The weather was very cloudy yesterday.
4)
A:
107
A:
B: I look a cold shower when I got up this morning.
6)
A:
B: My father was very fond of watching horror films on TV
7)
A:
A:
A:
A:
B: The baby slept for nine hours last night.
12)
A:
B: I had breakfast with my father this morning.
13)
A:
A:
A:
A:
A:
A. SEND, COME, DRINK, GO, STRIKE, GET, LOSE, HAVE, BITE, BREAKOUT
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
B.DO, PAY, SLEEP, RUN AFTER, STAND UP, WEAR, BUY, CRY, FLYAWAY, FALL DOWN
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
The doctor sold his old car and ....................................a new one.
7)
8)
9)
10)
C.TAKE, HAVE, SWIM, SPEND, EAT, DRINK, BE, DRAW, BREAK, SEND
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
My sister ......................................two glasses of water before she went to bed last night.
6)
We ......................................an important message to the leader of the tribe the other day.
7)
8)
9)
10)
3. A: Were you interested in classical music when you were ten years old?
B: a. Yes, ...................... ...................................................... ....... ..... ........................................... ...
b. No, ........................................................... ..... ... .... ............................................ .... ..... ........................
4. A: Was your father generous before he got married?
B: a. Yes, ...................... ...... .... .... ..
.................................................................................................
..
5. A: Was the Prime Minister in Ankara when thirty four soldiers lost their lives?
B: a. Yes,............................................................ .... .... ............................................... ...
b. No, ........................ ....................................................
..
.. ..... ............
6. A: Was your mother very tired before she laid the table?
B: a. Yes, . ... ................................................... ............. .................................................. .... .... ........
.......
b. No, .................. ... .... ............................................................... ...................................................................
110
7. A: Were there three teachers in the classroom when the exam started?
B: a. Yes, .................................................................. ..... .............................................. ... ............... .. ...........
b. No,.... .... .. ... ... ......................................................... .... ... ... ............................................ .. ... .....
8. A: Was the train-at the station when you got there?
B: a. Yes,..........................................................................................................................................................
b. No, ... .... .. ..... ..... ..................................................... .... ...
.. . ...................................................
9. A: Were the lights on when your father came home last night?
B: a. Yes, ........................................................................................................................................ .... .................
b. No, .. .............................. ..... ..... ..... ......................................................... .... .... ..... ... ... ..
10. A: Were you dressed when the sun rose this morning?
B: a. Yes, ....... ..................................................................... .... .... ................................................................. .
b. No, ........................ ... ............. ................................................... .... .... ...
...................................................
11. A: Was the beggar in agony before he died?
B: a. Yes, ..... ............................................................................... ..... .... .............................................................
b. No, ..... .......................................................................................... ..... ....
.............................................................
A.
B.
5. The student cleaned the board. The teacher entered the classroom.
A.
B.
6. We put the fire out. The firemen arrived.
A.
B.
7. The referee blew his whistle. The match began.
A.
B.
8. Stella got dressed. She got out of bed.
A.
B.
9. Linda went to school by car. She had her breakfast.
A.
B.
10. The thief stole the money. He ran away.
A.
B.
11. Diana came home. It started to rain.
A.
B.
EXERCICES 82
Put the following sentences into "The Past Simple" making all the necessary changes.
Example:
It is time for you to run to the station if you really want to catch your train.
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
It is high time for the authorities to put an end to this injustice in the country.
7)
8)
9)
10)
It is high time for the Parliament to pass the long expected law against terrorism.
11)
12)
It is high time for the people to take drastic measures against forest fires in Turkey.
13)
It is high time for the author to write a new novel on this subject.
14)
15)
16)
17)
It is about time for the Prime Minister to bring inflation under control.
114
DIFFERENT SUBJECT
I would prefer you to save more money. I would rather you saved more money.
I would prefer him not to smoke. I would rather he didn't smoke.
..
... .... ... ... ... ..... .... ... .... ... .... ...
.. .. ... .... ..
12. I would prefer Wendy not to drive so fast through the streets of the city.
I would rather ......................................................................................................................................... .. ......
13. I would prefer Paul not to tell her the truth.
I would rather .................................................................................................................... .. ..........
14. I would prefer Julia not to speak to her father like that.
115
Did you use to bite your nails when you were young?
a. Yes, I used to bite my nails when I was young.
b. No, I didn't use to bite my nails when I was young.
1.
Did your son use to suck his thumb when he was three years old?
a. .................................................................................
b. ..................................................
2.
Did you use to be very naughty when you were a little child?
a. ...................................................................................
b. ................................................
3.
Did your sister use to cry a lot when she was a baby?
a. .......................................................................................
b. ................................................................
4.
a. ..................................................................................
b. .................................................................
5.
a. ...................................................................................
b. ...................................................................................
6.
Did your father use to wear very expensive clothes before he got married?
a. .................................................................................
b. ....................
7.
a. ............................................................................................................................
116
..
b. ...........................................................................
8.
Did you use to go to the cinema with your parents before you left home?
a.................................................................................
b. .................................................
9.
a. .......................................................................................
b. .................................................
10. Did your mother use to be very fat when she was young?
a................................................................................
b. ..........................................................
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
How much money did you spend when you were on holiday?
11)
How many people spent the nigh tin the tents last night?
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
1)
Were you helping your mother in the kitchen when the lights went out?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
2)
Was the man standing by the side of the road when the accident happened?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
3)
Were the men talking about the accident when you got there?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
118
4)
5)
Was your girlfriend behaving very strangely when she was at the party last night?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
6)
Were many people living in luxury when there was an economic crisis in Turkey?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
7)
Were the police looking for the escaped prisoner when you were there?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
8)
Were your friends always criticizing you when you were talking about foreign policy?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
9)
Was your sister doing the dishes when you woke up this morning?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
10) Was
your brother playing the piano while you were dancing with your girlfriend?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
11) Was
your father driving very fast when a traffic policeman stopped him last night?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
STAND, BE, SLEEP, GET, DO, LOSE, FAIL, RIDE, MEET, COOK
1)
2)
Harry _________________out of bed the other night when his wife got sick.
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10) He was
a great disappointment for Helen when she _________________to get into university.
B.STUDY, TAKE, LEAVE, TALK, RECOGNIZE, TELL, COME, FEEL, RISE, PULL DOWN
1)
2)
3)
The doctor _________the patient that drinking tea every day wouldn't do him any harm.
4)
5)
6)
The sun _________________behind the mountains when the baby was born.
7)
The students _________________a good time when I saw them at the party.
8)
9)
10) I _________________an
C.HAVE, DROP, SPEND, BLOW, BREAK DOWN, LIVE, RUN, HAPPEN, ARRIVE, BREAK IN
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
The students were waiting at the bus-stop when the accident _________________I couldn't answer the
1. A:
B; Melissa was sleeping on the sofa at nine o'clock
A:
B; The teacher was explaining the subject to the students an hour ago
3. A:
B: My mother was making a cake when the lights went out.
4. A:
B: The police were taking Gila to (the) hospital when we arrived there.
5- A;
B: Rebecca was driving slowly when the accident look place
6. A;
R: My father was working in the garden when a storm broke out.
A:
B: The students were studying in the library when the clock struck ten.
8. A:
B: Yes, Helena was listening to the news at seven o'clock this morning.
9. A:
B: Rose was playing the guitar outside the house when it suited to rain.
10. A;
B; the sun was shining brightly when I woke up this morning.
11. A:
B: Eileen was reading an exciting story when someone knocked at the door.
12. A:
B: Natalie was asking the teacher a lot of difficult questions.
13. A:
B: 1 paid the bill while Lisa was dancing with that man.
14. A;
B: The students were doing their homework when 1 entered the classroom.
15. A:
B: Linda was crying because she didn't know the answer to the question.
16. A:
B: I got wet while I was waiting for the bus.
17. A:
B: An accident happened while I was crossing the road
121
b. ............................................................................................... .... ... ..... ..... .... ...... .... ...... .... ....
...
3- The students (quarrel) with each other. The teacher (enter) the room.
a......
.........
b. .... ....
..
4. Sandra (walk) along the street. She (run into) an old friend of hers.
a. .................. ... ... .... ...................................................................................
b. .... ..... .. .... .. ........ ... ... ... ..... ... ........ ................................................
5. My sister (take) a walk in the park. She (lose) her wallet.
a..................... ...... ........ ..... ... .. .. ... .... .... ....... ...... ..... .... .. ......
b. .............................................................................................................. .. ... .. .................. .... ..
6. The girl (jump off) the bus. It (move) very fast along the street.
a..... ....... ..... ........ .................................................................................................................. .... ....... ....
...
b. . ................................................................................................. ......... ..... ..... ....
... ... ..
..
............
a.
....... ......... ....... ............................................................................. .. .... ....... ..... .... .... .... ..
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Laura.......................................... (play) the piano when we ................. ......................... (enter) the room.
9)
After the accident, the driver of the bus (get out) ....................................... .. of the bus and (run away)
10) When
with me.
11) He (sit)
12) When
I (be).. ..................... a student, I (play)................... the guitar in the streets to earn money for my
education.
13) My father (live).............................
1939.
14) While
.
15) What
(happen)........................................... while Nermin (walk).... ..... .......................in the park last night?
16) Who
(come)..................
............. into the room while you (listen to) .................................... the radio last
night?
17) Everyone (wait
bank.
20) Who
21) While
22) I (not,
there.
23) I wish
24) It
is time you (leave) ........................................... the party now if you really want to catch the train.
25) Mine
(be)... ... . ...................... busy in the kitchen, the children (lay) .......................................... the
table.
27) My father's
28) Who
29) If
fever (drop).......... ... ....................... after he (take).............. ..... ................. the medicine.
(take) ................ ............................ care of you while you (be) ...................................... ... ill?
30) As
the man (approach).. ........................... the house he (notice)................................ that the chimney (be) on
fire.
1)
..
2)
3)
4)
When the accident happened,.... .................... ............... ................... .... ... ............ ....
5)
It was raining cats and dogs while ............. ..... ............... .. ...... ............ ................. ... ......... . ....
6)
We were playing backgammon when .......... ..... .................... ... ................ .................. .... .................
7)
While I was studying English ... ............... ... ................. .... ...............
8)
9)
I was laughing when......... .................... ..................... ..... ....................... ..... ... ....................... ....... .....
10)
11)
12)
As Lora was running down the street, ....................... ............................. .. ... ................ ... ....
13)
Until she recovered from her illness, ........... .... ..... ................
14)
.....
15)
16)
While we were approaching the village,. ......................... ..... ............................... .... ..........................
.....................
............... ...................
............... ..
..... .
.......
.... ..
.........................
..
..
.....................
........
.. .... ...................
.....
17)
18)
19)
20)
The moment 1 saw that beautiful girl,....................................... ......... ...................... ..... ..........
21)
22)
Before I went to bed last night, ........ ............................... .... ......................... .............................. .... ..
23)
As we were dancing by the candle-light, ...... .... ..... .. ... ..................... ... ......................... .....
24)
I was working there as a teacher when ........ ................................. ... ..... ..................... ..........
25)
26)
27)
..
.................. ...
.. .......................
....
.. .........................
.. ....
............................
28)
29)
Just as I was leaving the house, ............................ .... ................................ ......... ............................... ...
30)
I didn't go to school yesterday because ....... ... .......................... ...... ......................... ..... ....
.............
125
1)
a. Yes,
b. No,........................................... .................. ... ...................... ................... ...............
2)
a. Yes,
b. No, .... .............................................. ........................... .............................................. ..
3)
a. Yes,
b. No,................................................... ........................... .............. ...................... ........
4)
a. Yes,
b. No,............................................................................................... .................. ... .....
5)
a. Yes,
b. No, .......................................................................................... ..................... ...................
6)
a. Yes,
b. No,........................................................................................ ........................ ...............
7)
a. Yes,
b. No, ........................................................................................ ........................ .....
8)
9)
a. Yes,
b. No, ........................................................................................................................................
10)
a. Yes, b. No,
11)
.............
..
.................................
.......?
.......................................................
...............
..................
..................?
.. ... ?
..
......?
B: They will not go to the circus because they don't have any money.
7. A: ..........
......... ... ?
..
................. ...............
........?
........... ..
.. ..............
.................... ................?
............ .........................?
........7
..
................
.. ...................
.. ................
.... .....?
..............
.. ...............
.. ..
........... .. .... ?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
I (call for) .............................. an ambulance if your friend (get) .................................... an electric shock.
9)
We (have) ................................................ lunch before the train (get to) .... .......... ... .... .....Paris.
go) . ... .... ................. to that restaurant as long as I (live) ........... .......... ..... ..here.
13) Once/when
him.
14) When
15) We (not,
16) If
she (find) .... .... .......... a better job, 1 (think) ...... ...... that she (leave)................ Istanbul for Paris.
17) I (paint).............................................
the kitchen if I (have)... ..... .... ........... ... some free time.
18) I (not,
19) By the
time we (come back) .............................. from our holiday, they (get)................................. married.
20) When
21) Dinner
22) If
(be over)....... .... ...... .... .... ... by the time they (come) ..... .............. ......... .... home.
23) I am
sure that the shop (be)....closed by the time you (get) ......... ................ there.
24) He (not,
25) You
26) I (be).................................................
27) I(give)..............................
28)
The moment the film (finish) .... ..... ........ ..... ..... , we (leave) ..................................... .....the cinema.
29) I (phone)..................................
30) 1
Example:
* 1 have breakfast.
* School is over.
* 1 get married.
* I buy a villa.
............ ..... ... ..... ............. ... ........ .... ....... .............................................................
25. A: The phone is ringing..................... ... ... .... I answer it for you?
B: Don't worry! I................... .. ..... .. answer it right now.
26. A: Look at those clouds! The sky is very dark. I think it.................................. ..... rain prelly soon.
B: If so, ......................................... we go to the cinema?
27. A: What...................................... you have for lunch, sir?
B: I........................ .... ..... ... have two cheeseburgers.
28. A: Why do you have an eraser in your hand?
B: I
132
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
) - We will go dancing
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
before I go to bed.
133
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
b. ....................................................... .. ..........................................
3. Have your parents been to Paris before?
a............................................. .... .......... ................................................. ...........
b. ... ....... ..................................................... ... .... ........................................... ...........
4. Has the weather been rainy since last week?
a.............................. .......... ......................................... .... ... ..... .................................... .... ....
b. ..................................................... ... ........................................... ... ..... ..... ............................ ..
5. Have your friends been at school since morning?
a......................... .............. ....................................... .... .... ..... ............................. .... .... ....
b. ... ................................................... ...................................................... ..... ......
6. Have you been married to Lara since you left school?
a.............................. ............................................................. .... .... ..................................... ..... .... ...
134
.... ...
..
11. Has the Prime Minister been in contact with the Intelligence Service?
a.................................. ......... ................................................... .... .... ....................................
b. ................................................ .......................................................... ....... ..... ...
1. A: .....
B: Yes, I have.
A: Oh, really! When ............................. you .......................... him?
B: I. ......... ......... him when I was at the party.
2. A:.... ....... ...... you ever .............................. a song in the street? (sing)
B: Yes, I have.
A: Oh, really! When .............................. you ....... .... ... it in the street?
B: 1 ...... ..... ... . it in the street when I went to the carnival last year.
3. A:.......... ...... .... you .. .. .... ......... to her yet? (speak)
B: Yes. I have.
A: Oh, really! When........................ .you ..... ..... ....
135
to her?
138
..
.... .
... .... they (see) .......... that film about farm animals.
.. ....
politics.
8. I (know). ... .... .... .Eleanor.......... ..... ... five years .. ......... she (start) .................................... this school.
9. I (not, play) ......... ... ... ...tennis ............................. I (break) .......................................... my kg.
10. I (get).....................married forty years .......... My husband and I (live) ... ..... ....happily together ... ..then.
11. My father (leave) .............. home ten years .............. and he (not, write).................... ...to us................. then.
142
considerably
13. I (see).... .... ............ ..... my English teacher half an hour .........................................
14. I (live).....................in Italy ............... six months in 1998, but I (not, be) ... .....there.......................... then.
15. He is the greatest boxer I (ever, know) .....................................
16. I (teach) ............................ English....... ..... ..... three years when I (be) ..... .. .......... ... in Saudi Arabia.
17. Someone (build) ..... ...... the house ten years ..... ..... but 1 don't know who (live). .... .... .... in it ...... then.
18. I (drive)........................................... a car........................................ a longtime,
19. Ann (have) ........................... ... a bad cold .. .... .... .... .... the last few days.
20. Bill (be).... .... .. ..... engaged to Liz ..................... two years and then he (get) ............ ....married to Jane.
21. They (setup) .................. this society ten yearsand the membership (grow).............
ever.................
22. I (write) .......................................... the postcards but I(not, post) ..... ..... .... .... .... them yet.
23. I (not, see) ........................... her ...................... ... . I (graduate) ........ ...... . from the faculty of letters.
24. This is the first time I (tell) ......................... ..... you a lie. (tell)
25. The young man (never, be)... ..... .. ... to Rome, but he (read) .................... a book about this city last year.
never
already
before
since
then
now
up to now
until
now
yet
ever
since
just
still
for
1)
2)
3)
4)
ever since
recently
5)
My father has .... .. .. ............... booked a place for the wedding reception.
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Have you ................................... tried Turkish food? Would you like to try some?
11)
12)
13)
I have studied Italian ..................... ..... ... three years ... ... ................... I came here.
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
I have................................. read your composition. How much time did you spend writing it?
19)
20)
The news about the inflation in Turkey has been bad... ..............................
21)
22)
He has ...................... wanted to go to Paris, but he has ............................. had the chance.
23)
24)
25)
26)
This flat has been empty ................. ..... .... two years ...............................
27)
28)
29)
30)
I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have.................................... heard of her.
31)
32)
33)
....................... ... they came to Istanbul, They have been very happy.
34)
35)
36)
37)
She has ........................ .. been to London three times and she doesn't want to go again.
38)
I have.. .................. ..... flown in an aero plane but I would like To one day.
39)
..
40)
They ..... ..... ... ........... haven't finished the report about Iraq.
145
Example :
She (write) ......................... .. letters since she (get up) .......................... .. this morning.
2)
The teacher (correct) ................e papers for hours and he (not / finish) ........................correcting them yet.
3)
The girls (dance) ...................................... ... since it (get) ........ .. .... ...................... dark.
4)
5)
(you, drink) ............. .. .............. wine since you (arrive) .. ....... ..... ..................... here?
6)
7)
(your sister, work)... ..... .... for this company ever since she (leave) ................................ ..... school?
8)
My brother (write) ...................................... three letters since he (get) .............................. ..... .dressed.
9)
The weather (be) .................. ..... . ............... terrible since our holiday (begin) . ............................. ..... ....
.....................:................ a lot of money since he (join) .............. .... ... .......... this club.
for)........ ......... her lost child for two hours and she (not, find)
14) I (always,
16) I (study)
............................. .... five cigarettes since he (have) . ... .. ...... ................. breakfast.
....... .... .... .................... German for three years and I cannot speak it yet.
17) We (stand)
18) I (know)
................ ...... on the platform since lunch time and the train (not, arrive)....................... .yet.
................... for two hours and (not, pass) . ........... .............. .... a single petrol station yet.
... .................. stamps ever since she (become) . . ..... ..... ...................... a doctor.
want) ....... .... ... .................... logo to Turkey ever since I (get) ............................ ..... .married.
15) He (smoke)
............................ married for ten years since we (come) .. ..... ......................... to Istanbul.
23) I (love).............
you ever since I (become) ...... ..... ..... . .............. a teacher at this school.
(lie) .................................... .... on the beach since the sun (rise) ..... ...................................
have) .......................... .... a letter from Janet since she (leave) . ....................... Istanbul for London.
24) Helen
smells of garlic; your father (eat) ......................... ...... ...... garlic again.
..................... complaints from the neighbours ever since he (buy) ............,...... his new hi-fi.
child (sneeze)
30) He (leave)
a lot lately.
.............................. the city ten years ago, and he (live) ...................on the island ever since.
1)
Carol started working in the bank in February. She is still working there.
2)
3)
Roger began to look for a job five months ago. He is still looking for it.
4)
The students started dancing half an hour ago. They are still dancing.
5)
Wendy started to write the letters when the sun rose. She is still writing them.
6)
My boss thought of increasing my salary six months ago. He is still thinking of it.
7)
I was thinking of getting married when I was in London. I am still thinking of it.
8)
9)
11) I began
12) Zeynep
to live in this house a long time ago. She is still living in it.
trying to solve that problem half an hour ago. He is still trying to solve it.
sat in front of the television two hours ago. She is still sitting in front of it.
147
8. A: How long has your friend been taking private lessons? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
9. A: How long has your brother been wearing long trousers? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
10. A: How long has your brother been wearing long trousers? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
11. A: How long has the cat been sitting in front of the television set? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
12. A: How long has the cat been sitting in front of the television set? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
13. A: How long have you been waiting for the bus? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
14. A: How long have you been waiting for the bus? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
15. A: How long has it been raining in Istanbul? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
16. A: How long has it been raining in Istanbul? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
4. Matilda brushed her teeth, and after that she went to bed.
a. ........................................................................................................................
b. .....................................................................................................................
5. Rosemary wrote the address on the envelope. Then she stuck a stamp on it.
a. ........................................................................................................................
b. .....................................................................................................................
6. Rebecca finished her English course, and then she went to London.
a. ........................................................................................................................
b. .....................................................................................................................
7. First I learned French. Then I went to France.
a. ........................................................................................................................
b. .....................................................................................................................
8. I took the medicine. I felt a little better.
a. ........................................................................................................................
b. .....................................................................................................................
9. The police arrived at the art gallery. The burglars left the building.
a. ........................................................................................................................
b. .....................................................................................................................
10. First the doctor examined the child. Then he wrote the prescription.
a. ........................................................................................................................
b. .....................................................................................................................
1)
2)
3)
4)
After the detectives (check).................. the windows for fingerprints, they (search)................... the house.
5)
He (not, realize) ...................... his mistake until after he (post)................................................. the letter.
150
6)
The captain of the ship (he) ...............among the sailors who (abandon) .............the ship just before it
8)
They (he) ..... on the road for a mere five minutes when they (have) ..................... ...a puncture.
9)
10) He (give).....
11) After the
accident it was quite some time before they (know).... ............................................what (happen)
and Mary (go out)................................................ with each other for six years, they (break up)
was only after Jackie (see) .........................................the film she (decide) ......... .............. to read the book.
14) When
15) He
she heard she (accept) ............... by Oxford University, she (jump) ...................up and down with joy.
(work)............. as a mechanic for four years before they (let) .....................him drive one of the racing
cars.
16) He
years.
17) After he
18) It
was the first time that I (ever, see) ................................................... such a big man.
19) I would
be)...................friends even though they (be) ...................... ......................... apart for ten years.
the taxi was moving off, I (realize)................... that I (forget) ................................................ to take my
wallet.
23) He
(no sooner, turn)......................... the corner of the street than he (attack) ........................by a gang of
ruffians.
24) Peter (be)....
25) Before
family.
26) I (hope)...........
27) The film
28) Before
......
.... ..
job.
29)
I wish I (learn)......... .... ........ .... ..... Arabic when 1 (be) ... ..
30) It
..
... . in Libya.
(be) .. .... ... ... .. .... .. ten o'clock, but the children (not, get up) .... .. .. ... ..... .... yet.
31) By the
32) If
...
time Peter (arrive) ...................................... at the hotel, his wife (already, die)..... ... ... .... .... .....
33) As
soon as I (get)......
flat.
151
.........
......
my
34) While
35) By the
...........
..
....... ....
...
..
a car.
(already, tell)...... ....... .... .... ..... the truth before the police (arrive). .... ........... .. ...
you (not, warn) .... ... .. .... ...... .... me, 1 would have fallen into the water.
38) He said
39) When
that he (be).......................... excited because he (never, travel) .......................... on/in a train before.
he went into the kitchen, he (discover)..... .... ............. that the cat (drink) ............... ..all the milk in the
plate.
40) When
I (arrive) ..... ... home, Linda (not, be).... ..... there. She (go).............to the park to take some fresh
air.
41) She (just,
42) Rosemary
(be) ...........late for school yesterday. This (be)unusual, because she (never, be) .......... late
before.
43) When
....
....
wrong
road.
44) The police (catch)..
45)
................ ........ the fugitive before he (drive) ... ... ....... ... ...
46) I (just,
turn off)...............
47) My daughter
48) When
very far.
in the hospital for three years he (decide) ..................... to give up the job.
... the lights when the phone (ring) .. ... ....... ... ..
(learn) ............. .... ... Spanish before she (go) .............................. to Spain.
she (study) ..................... this subject when she (be) ..... .... .. ... in London ten years ago.
......... .... .. .... ........ at the bus-stop until the bus (arrive). ............................ ...........
152
2)
3)
4)
I couldn't afford to buy a new shirt because I........ .............. all my money
5)
After I......................... .... a letter to Peter, I put it into an envelope and posted it.
6)
6. The gardener told us to keep off the grass because he........................ .....it.
7)
8)
9)
9. She went to sleep after her father............ ...... her the story.
10)
10. He. .... .... ............. his hands before he had lunch.
B.
SEE, TAKE, PASS, HAVE, PREPARE, FLY, ARREST, PUT OUT, FEED, RECOVER
1)
When I told the doctor that I ...... .... ................. earache for nearly a month, he gave me a prescription,
2)
3)
4)
5)
I .......... just.................. from the chicken pox when 1 caught measles last month.
6)
We discovered that we .................................. the wrong road at the beginning of the trip.
7)
She wondered if the police ............. ..... .......... the thief before dawn broke.
8)
9)
When the fire engines arrived, the children ...... ... already ................... the fire.
153
10)
After she ........................... ... the animals, she went for a walk in the woods.
LOSE, WANT, GATHER, COMMIT, BREAK INTO, DIE, START, EXAMINE, BE, SET
1)
Most of the tables were occupied and the guests ........... already... .... . eating their meals.
2)
I.................................... to take a good holiday this year but 1 wasn't able to get away
3)
4)
5)
The anthropologist left the village when he ... ... .... ......... enough data.
6)
7)
8)
When I questioned the boy he said he didn't know where he ...................................... his cap.
9)
10)
the crime.
I (wait for) ...... ... ..... the bus for two hours when I (see)........ ... .. Jane.
I had been waiting for she bus for two hours when I saw Jane.
1)
All day I (feel) .................. nervous but the feeling (vanish). .. .... as soon as I (see) ....... .. ........ her.
2)
3)
She (think of) ............. .studying marine biology but she (finally, decide)..on chemistry
4)
When I (start)...................... working for this company, 1 (work)............as an architect for six years in
London.
5)
She (bite).. .......... her nails for years, but last month she (make up)........her mind not to bile her nails any
more.
6)
I (realize) ............. that I (overwork).......... for a long time, so 1 (decide).......... to take a couple of days'
holiday
7)
o'clock.
8)
9)
. ................ .....
10) By the
time 1 (get) .... ................................... home, they (dance)..... ..... ..... ...
11) My feet
(hurt)...... .. ....................... badly because I (walk) ...... .... .... ............ for two hours.
... .................... for five hours when the dance (end) - ........................ ...
She (wear) ........................ that old hat for a long time when she (find)..............
14) When
.. a job in London.
I (last, see). .......... him, he was living in London. He (tell).......me that he (think of).....emigrating to
Australia.
15) When
I (enter)..the room 1 could smell cigarette smoke. Obviously, somebody (smoke).... in there for
hours.
16) He realized
17) When
that they (cheat) .........him since he (start) ................. .... to do business with them.
I (reach)......................... the classroom the exam (go on).................... for almost half an hour.
19)
The kettle (boil)................ . . for a quarter of an hour when we (sit down)... ........................ at the table.
20)
After they (travel).........for about two hours on the open sea, they (meet).......a big steamer coming from
England.
1)
Don't worry. 1 (repair)..................... the car by the time your father (get back).. .... ... ........ .... ...
155
2)
3)
4)
If you (not, hurry up) ................. the bus (go)... .... . before we
5)
The film (already, start) ....................................... by the time we (get) ..................................... there.
6)
7)
In two years, you (forget) .. .... .... ..... all about this event.
8)
By next June, 1 (work) ........................................................... for this Firm for seven years.
In six months' time, the election (certainly, hold)........................... We may have a new government.
9)
10) It
By the end of the month I (finish)... ..... .................. my job if everything (go)............. ..... all right.
11)
12) You
13) .
(get)... . ................... the result of the exam before the teacher (arrive) here.
Miranda speaks English very well. She (take).... ..... ..... ..... .... .... ..... private lessons.
14) It
15) Next
year, 1 (be) ..... ... .................... ........ married to Patricia for twenty years.
............. the building by the time we (receive).............financial aid from the government.
17)
18) We (have).........
19) The train
20) 1
21) .
.................................. dinner by the time the programme (begin) ......................... .... ...
(arrive).............and all the passengers (leave) ................the station if we (not, hurry) .................
(leave).... .... ..... ..... ... the harbour within fifteen minutes.
by the time Angela (get) .... .... ...... .... .. ........... home.
will be able to buy your car next June. I am afraid I can't wait that long. By then I (sell)............ the car to
someone else.
1)
Perhaps her husband will not like her new dress. Then she will return it to the store.
If
156
2)
You may not find the address. Then don't forget to call me.
If
3)
Perhaps I will see George. Then I will tell her to phone you.
If
4)
5)
Perhaps they will offer me the job. Then I will accept it.
If
6)
Tom may phone this evening. Then I will Take the message.
If
7)
The flat may be too expensive. Then 1 will not rent it.
If
8)
9)
Melanie may save money. She stops spending money on her clothes.
If
10)
11)
The weather may be too cold tomorrow. Then I will stay at home.
If
12)
13)
You are eating too much! You are going to put on weight!
If
14)
15)
16)
17)
We may lose all our money in gambling. We will not be able to buy that house.
If
157
.. bad luck.
If you walk under a ladder, it brings bad luck. If you walk under a ladder, it will bring bad luck.
1. If it (be).................................. .... foggy this evening, I (stay)........................................... at home.
2. If we (take) ...................... care of the environment, our children (have) ........................ ... a better future.
3. If you (eat)
............................... so much carbohydrate, you (put on) .. .... ... ... . ...... weight.
..
anything.
17. You (be) .......................................... in danger if you (meet) ......... ............................. a lion in the forest.
18. If you (be) .... .. .... .............. really sick, why (not, go) ........................................... home right away?
19. If you (go) ............................................ to bed late, you (feel) ...... ..... .... .....
20. [f you (take) ...... .... .... ....... ... drugs regularly, you (become)..........................................addicted to them.
21. if he (not, give) .......................................... me the money, I (kill) .... .... ... ... .. him.
22. He (not, become)....................... very rich unless he (become) ..................................... a successful singer.
23. If he (drive)....................... after dark, he (may, not, find) .. ...................... the house easily.
24. If I (win) ................................. .... an Olympic gold medal, I (be) ......................................... very happy.
25. If you (not, tell) .. ............................... the truth, I (not, let) .......................
..
26. If I (win) ...................................... a lot of money in a state lottery, 1 (buy) .......................................... you a
new car.
27. If you (take) .... ..... ... a few drops of this medicine, you (be) .............. in good health again pretty soon.
28. (not, hesitate) ............................................ to phone me if you (need)............................................ help.
29. If jack (ring)............................ while I am out, (tell)......
30. (not, forget) ..................... to take your umbrella if you (go out).......................................... with your friends
tonight.
158
. crazy.
I (be).
2)
3)
If he (not, be)....... .. .... ..... ....... drunk, he (not, talk) ...................................... to his father like that.
4)
If I (be) ...... .. .. ..
5)
Everybody (be) .. .... ..... ... .. .. ... frightened to death if the sun (rise) ................ .. .. ..... .. in the west.
6)
If 1 (smoke)... .. .. ....... ........ less, I (not, cough). ....... ..... ..... .. so much.
7)
If you (not, give) .................. .....me the money tomorrow. I (kill).. .... .. .. .... ... ..you.
8)
9)
If we all (have) ...................... .good manners, the world (be)..... ... ......... ..... a wonderful place to live in.
10)
You (not, feel) ..................................... the cold so much if you (wear) ..... ..
11)
If you (pay) ......................................... more attention, you (learn) ... .... .... ..
12)
If you (not, eat) .... ... ..... .. ..... ... so much, you (not, put on) ..... ... ... ..... ... ....weight.
13)
If I (be) .................................... in your place, f (not, touch) ................................... ....... that snake.
14)
15)
If I (not, be) .... .. ....... .. .. . afraid of the mice, f (enter) .................................... the room.
16)
You (understand) ........................... the lesson better if you (listen to) .... ... .... .... the teacher carefully.
17)
If I (be)... ... .... - - .... ... as strong as you are, I (heat) ....
18)
If you (be).. ... .... ... .. .. ..... in trouble, my father (help)............... .......................... you.
19)
20)
I (he)
21)
22)
If I (he) .... .......... ... .......... as clever as you are, I (take up)...................................... chemistry.
23)
If I(have) ....... .................lots of practice in speaking Turkish, 1 (persuade). ... .. ..... .. her to marry me.
24)
What (your father, do) ... .... .... ... .. ... .. if he (know).. ..... ......... ... ... how to play bridge?
25)
Who (you, get). .. ..... ..................... married to if you (be)............................................... as beautiful as Julia
26) 26.
.. ....
...
something wrong.
... .you.
.... ......... ... .... ....very happy if Natalie (marry) ... .... .. ..... ..
I (call)
..
me.
....................................... the electrician if the lights (fail) ... ..... ..... ... ..... ..again.
159
27) 27.
28) If
If you (not, apologize). .. .... .......... ..... ..... , I (not, talk to)
... ..
... ...
.. you again.
it (not, rain) ... .. .... .... ... ........ we (have)................................................ a picnic on the island.
29) 29.
the bus if the police (refuse) ..... .... ....... ........... to meet
them.
30) 30.
If you (arrive) .............................................. late, the boss (probably, dismiss) ....... ..............................
you.
It is a pity that I don't have a spare ticket, so I cannot take you to the concert.
If I had a spare ticket, I would / could take you to the concert.
1)
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------2)
I cannot get a job easily in a bank because I don't know how to use a computer.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------3)
I don't earn much money because I don't work as hard as you do.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4)
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------5)
What a pity that I have to work tomorrow, so f cannot go shopping with you.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------6)
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------7)
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------8)
I have to take a bus because the school is a long way from home.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------9)
What a pity that I am not as tall as you are, so I cannot reach (to) the lop shelf.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------160
10)
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------11)
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------12)
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------13)
I am sorry that today is not a holiday, so I cannot stay in bed all day long.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------14)
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------15)
There are a lot of fatal accidents because people drive very carelessly in Turkey.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------16)
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------17)
I don't understand the financial pages of the newspaper, so I don't read them.
If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXERCISE 121
1)
What a pity that the sun is not shining, so 1 will not take a picture.
If -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
3)
The population of the world is increasing so rapidly, thats why there is unemployment in the world.
If -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4)
5)
6)
The student is cheating in the exam, so the teacher will punish him.
161
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The children are living in poverty, so they are begging for bread in the streets.
7)
8)
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The police are looking for the terrorists, so they are slopping all the cars.
9)
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10)
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11)
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12)
My father will get a divorce because he is always having rows with my mother,
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13)
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14)
My eyes are full of tears because the girls are singing our national anthem.
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15)
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16)
The children cannot play tennis because the wind is blowing very hard.
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17)
We cannot go to the cinema because the teacher is giving a lest in the afternoon.
If -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
verbs
in
brackets
into
either
"The
Past
Perfect
Simple"
or
"The
Perfect
Conditional".
Example:
1)
2)
If Lisa (put).................... her concert ticket in a safe place, she (not, lose).................................. it.
3)
4)
5)
If I (learn) .................... ..... Arabic when I was in Saudi Arabia, I (find).............................. a better job.
162
6)
She (miss)............. ..... ................ the train if she (not, hurry)................................ .... ....
7)
If the driver (be)................................... . careless, we (lose) ... .... ..... .............. our lives.
8)
9)
If you (go) .......................... to the bank yesterday, you (be) .......................... able To draw some money.
10)
If I (have) ....... ................................ a lot of money last year, I (go) ................................. ......... to Japan.
11)
If Mary (know).................................. that I was here, she (come)... ............ ....................... at once.
12)
13)
I (not, go)................ .... .... there if you (not, tell) ................................................ me the truth.
14)
If Stella (get).................................. the money from her father, she (buy) ........................... the car.
15)
16)
17)
18)
If you (not, be) ......................................... so conceited, you (make)... .... ..... ........... more progress.
19)
I (buy) ... ........................ you a present if I (know).............. ..... ..... .... that it was your birthday.
20)
I (take).......................... . you to the circus if you (tell).......................... me that you were free.
21)
22)
23)
If she (not, be)............... seriously interested in politics, she (can, not, be) ....... .....Prime Minister.
24)
25)
If you (tell)............................... him that you were ill, he (not, refuse)....................... ........... to help you.
26)
If Julia (get up).... ............................. earlier, she (catch) ............................................ the bus.
27)
If I (not, miss) .............................. the train, I (meet) .................. .... .............. you in front of the club.
28)
29)
1 (sack)
30)
I (have)................... time for breakfast if I (not, sleep) ................................................. late last night.
1)
2)
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------You were listening to the news, so you didn't understand what we were talking about it.
3)
4)
5)
6)
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The students were talking loudly, so they didn't hear what the teacher said.
7)
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The girl was not looking where she was going, so she fell down and broke her arm.
8)
9)
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10)
The gardener was watering the flowers, so we couldn't have breakfast in the garden.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11)
I scolded the boy because he was throwing stones all the dogs.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12)
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13)
The gardener complained to the teacher because the students were picking the flowers.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14)
The man was painting the door, and therefore 1 could not enter the house.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15)
My mother sent all the children into the garden because they were talking loudly.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16)
I lore up the book of ray friend because he was making fun of me.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17)
My mother was taking a bath, and therefore she could not answer the phone.
If-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
164
1)
2)
3)
The ship ran aground because they didn't drop anchor in time.
If.............................................................................................................................
4)
5)
My brother didnt become a Member of Parliament because he didn't win the election.
If.............................................................................................................................
6)
7)
The horse I backed didnt win the race, so 1 lost all my money
If.............................................................................................................................
8)
The aeroplane didn't crash because the pilot was very experienced.
If.............................................................................................................................
9)
Her brother didn't see the programme, so he didn't change his eating habits.
If.............................................................................................................................
10)
11)
I didn't know that you were hungry, so I didnt invite you to dinner.
If.............................................................................................................................
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
If you don't tell me the truth, 1 will not help your husband.
Unless you tell me the truth, 1 will not help your husband.
1)
The party will not be any fun if you don't bring your sisters.
Unless you ................... ... ... ... .. ... ..................
2)
.. ..... ....
.................. ..
She will not be able to speak Spanish unless she goes to Spain.
..
.. .....................
... ..
................................. ...
... ....................................
8)
. ...................................... .. .....
..
..
..
..
... .. ....
Unless you write to her and apologize, she will not forgive you.
If you
12)
..
11)
10)
.. .....
9)
.. ....
The plane will not be able to land unless the weather improves.
If the weather ... .. .. ,. ... ... ..... ..
7)
.. ...
If 1 don't see you at the station, I will try to get in touch with you at the hotel. Unless I. .. .....................................
6)
.................... . ..
4)
..
3)
.. ...
..
..
If she doesnt get another job, she will have to sell her house.
Unless she .... .. ... ........................................... ..
166
13)
You cannot gel sleeping pills if you dont get a prescription from a doctor.
Unless you ............... ... .. ... .... .. ..................... . ..
14)
..
..
..
15)
..
You would not have succeeded unless you had taken my advice.
If you ....................... ... .... .. ..... ......................... ...
17)
If she does not start early, she will be held up in the traffic.
Unless she .... .. .... .. .. .......................... ... .....
16)
..............
..
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
168
14)
15)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10) He wouldn't
11) If
14) Unless
15) If
18) What
21) If
22) If
23) I would
24) If
25) If
26) Would
27) If
30) You
31) If
32) What
33) I would
34) I would
35) I would
36) If
1)
I will give you a key Perhaps you will come home early
2)
I will not go out this evening. My girlfriend will probably phone me.
3)
You had better hurry. It is probable that you will miss the train.
4)
I will make the man lie down. Maybe he will faint and fall.
5)
You should take a map with you. Perhaps you will get lost in lire city.
6)
7)
You have to leave for work early. Perhaps you will gel stuck in a traffic jam.
8)
I will take a sweater with me. Perhaps the weather will get cold.
9)
1 will play the record softly. Perhaps our neighbour will complain.
10) I want
11) I will
12) I will
take a gun with me. Perhaps the bandits will attack me.
13) You
14) You
had better take an umbrella. It is probable that you will get wet.
15) I bought
the car at once. Perhaps the owner would change his mind.
16) We will
171
ARE
IS
WAS
WERE
DO
DOES
DID
WILL
SHALL
HAVE
HAS
HAD WOULD
SHOULD
1)
2)
3)
4)
Somebody.. ..
5)
By this time next week, my father will...... ..... ..... ..................... arrived in Madrid.
6)
Women ........... .... ... ................... wearing mini skirls this year.
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
Olga ......................................... singing a Russian song while they were playing cards.
14)
What ... ... .................................... you doing while she was setting the table?
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
He ...................................... ... been studying law for many years when he got married.
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
................................................. you think that we can have roast beef for dinner?
26)
27)
Which of the two girls ............ ..... ......................... he take to the dance last night?
28)
29)
The children ............................................... waiting for a bus when the accident happened.
30)
172
31)
32)
2)
I ....
3)
If you .... .... .. ............ careful, you will learn how to drive a car in a short time.
4)
5)
6)
My sister.. ... ... ..... ... .. ... in love with a pilot for four years when she left Madrid.
7)
8)
9)
10)
Lora ...... ..... . .. ............ the most beautiful girl! have ever seen.
11)
12)
It... ............................. ... a long time since I last saw you in Paris.
13)
I don't know if she ... ..... .... ... ............ married to Tom three years ago.
14)
It
15)
I......
16)
17)
Linda .... .............................. .sick for six years before she found a better job.
18)
...
..
.ready to go.
.... never . ............. . m love with another girl until I came to Paris.
... .... ... . ...... lonely.
....... ......
... ..
19)
20)
..... ........... you ever .... .... ... to Canada in your life?
21)
Barton Lynch ..................... ... ... .. in prison for ten years now.
22)
..... . .....
23)
24)
Helen ..... .............. .... in London next week if she... ... .. ......... ..... able to pass her class.
25)
26)
27)
There used ... - ..................... .. . a church near the hospital many years ago.
173
driving a car.
28)
I........... ........ ..... ... very happy if I gel married to that girl.
29)
There .........
30)
HAVE:
1)
I.
2)
3)
4)
I ...... ..... .... .... .... - a bath when 1 finish doing my homework.
5)
6)
7)
The students .............................................. a good time when I saw them at the party.
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
.. for my exams.
22)
Stop ................. ..
23)
24)
If she.. ..... .... .......................Japanese alone, I am sure that she cannot make any progress.
25)
26)
Maria ................................................. a cup of lea before she started playing the piano.
27)
If you want ................................................ a good time, you must come to our party.
28)
We ................ ..
29)
It is a tradition........... .. .... .. Turkey for Thanksgiving Day dinner in the United States.
30)
STUDY:
1)
2)
Susan .......... ... ....................... English for two hours every day.
3)
My father............. ......... .... .... French for two months last year.
4)
My friend ................................................ this subject very carefully when the Second World War started.
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
History and Economics .. .... .... .. ... ... by the students at this school.
10)
11)
Let's .....
12)
13)
If I were you I. .... .. ................. the map of Turkey before going there.
14)
15)
If they allow us . .... ... .................. in the living room. We will have a wonderful time.
16)
17)
When f heard the news, f gave up .. .... ..... ............ for my exams.
18)
Do you want
19)
20)
1 love .............
21)
22)
Stop . .............. .
23)
If. ..... .. ..
24)
If she ... ... .................... Japanese alone, f am sure she can't make any progress.
25)
..
.. ...
..
............. .....
..
.. .. ..
Chemistry if I go to London.
...
.. ...
175
..
1)
2)
3)
Look! Somebody (climb) .. ..... .... ... ..... ...up that tree over there.
4)
5)
6)
7)
We (just / sit)..... .... ... .... .... .... down to dinner when a fire (breakout)............ ... .... ... ..last night.
8)
The exam (already / begin)................. when they (discover)........... that one the exam papers (be). ... .
176
..
... ... ..
..here.
missing.
9)
Mr. Brown (usually/go)....................... to the theatre on Fridays. He (do).............that more than twenty
years.
10)
(you/meet) ..........
yesterday.
11)
12)
13)
14)
I wish I (be) ...... .. .. .. .... .. .. there to help when your mother (be)................... .... ..... .. so ill last
night.
15)
16)
They (not / write) .... .... .... ... .... .. to us since they (go) .......................... ...... .... . to Madrid.
17)
Tom feels tired now. He (practise) ... .... .... ................. his new guitar all day long.
18)
19)
20)
The house (be)............................... very quiet when 1 got home. Everybody (go)..........................................
to bed.
21)
He (sleep) .... .................................. for ten hours. It is time he (wake up) now,
22)
....
....
........
......... ..
23)
I (make) ............................................... cakes. That's why my hands are all covered with flour.
24)
25)
By the end of the month we (work) .... .... ... .... ....... on this book for ten months.
26)
The telephone (ring) .................................... .. for five minutes. Why don't you answer it?
27)
They were all exhausted because they (work) . ... ..... .... ..... ... hard since morning.
28)
She (hardly / enter) ......................................... the classroom when the exam started.
29)
They (not / leave) ................ .... ... .... . the office until I had completed my report.
30)
What a pity that I don't know her telephone number. I wish I (know) ................................... her number.
177
Columbus (try)...... .... . to reach India for a long time when he (discover).... ..
.............America.
2)
None of the students (know)...... the answer to that question, because the teacher (not/teach).that subject
yet.
3)
far?
4)
5)
I (be).
6)
7)
I am on a strict diet. I (eat) ................................. ....... nothing but bananas for the last ten days.
8)
9)
10) He told
... ..
.. .. - -. in the cafe for nearly two hours when she finally arrived.
.. ... the restaurant.
11)
I swear that there (never/be) ............. ............. ......... such a wonderful game of cricket before.
12)
No sooner had she got onto the motorway than her car (break down). .............. .....
13)
The Browns (buy)................... a big house in London last year, and they (live) ......... ...there ever since.
14)
When I last (see).......him, he (live).in London .He (tell).........me that he (think of)emigrating to
..... . .
Australia.
15)
I posted the parcel today, so I am sure that you (get)........... it ma few days time. It (usually /take)..........two
days.
16)
The watch you (buy) ... ............. yesterday (not/work) .......... I (take).it back to the shop if I were you.
17)
18)
19)
What do you think you (do) ... ..... ... ... ... ? That's my car you (try) ................................... to get into.
20)
1 wish you (turn down) .... ... .. ....... . that music. I am trying to make a phone call.
21)
22)
23)
24)
You (not /tell)..........me that the buses were running. I wish you (tell). ..... me before I (leave)......... the
......
a cigarette here?
........
..
house.
25)
When the results of her medical tests (arrive) .............. she realised that she (not/be).. ... .... in good health.
26)
27)
They have been looking for the dog which (be) ...
178
2)
That child (be) . ..... .......................... ill. He (eat).......... ...................... ever since he sat down.
3)
I wish I (learn)................. ............... French when I (be). .. ...................... in Paris ten years ago.
4)
I (go).. ........................... . to London two years ago, but I (not / be)...... ....................there since then.
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10) If
11) It
is high time you (make up)......... .your mind about (choose)......... .. a career. If you (not / decide) .............
her husband (leave).................. ............... on business, she feels very lonely until he (come back)
We (go) ......... to the circus last week. It (be).........very interesting for me, because I (not/be).......to a circus
before.
14)
I am sure my life (change). .................. .... a lot after I (graduate) .... ........... ... from the university.
15)
I (be)............... to the cinema twice this week, but normally I (not/go)........... ..... to the cinema so often.
16)
I have noticed that since 1 (start)....... ...................... this course, my English (improve) . ... ............. ..... a
lot.
17)
It is years since I last (see)........ ........ .. him, so I may not recognize him when 1 (meet)....... ...........him again.
18)
There (be) ................ .................. great progress in computer technology in recent years.
19)
The project I (work)............... on at the moment (seem) ......... .............. to be difficult, but it isn't in fact.
20)
Sheila (always / catch).......................... the 8.30 train, but this morning she (catch) ........................ the 8.45.
179
21)
I (run into) ............ him at nine o'clock this morning just before the exam; I (not / see) ................. him since
then.
22)
I (ring) ... ...........................his phone for ten minutes, but nobody (answer).......... .................... it yet.
23)
continent.
24)
When I(arrive) ... ......................... .. at the theatre last night, the play (just/begin)... ............ ................
25)
Please.
.... .. .........not .. .
2)
3)
4)
5)
Why.... .....
6)
Excuse me, 1............ .. ... ... ..... a phone box. Is there one near here?
7)
These days food .... .. .............. ... . more and more expensive.
8)
Hello. Steve. [
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
.. .. a bath now.
you
very fast.
......
14)
15)
............. ... .... . those people. What language are they speaking?
16)
That machine isn't working. It......... ... .... ............. this morning.
17)
.. . ......
18)
19)
Do you
20)
21)
You can.... ..... ... ............. my umbrella. I don't need it at the moment.
22)
23)
24)
Alex.................
.. ..
25)
26)
What time .......... .. the train.... .... ... . at the station this morning?
27)
28)
I........ ..
29)
30)
What would you like ... .... ........... .. ... ? -I'll have a lemonade, please.
31)
Will you please ........... .... .... ................. quiet? 1 am studying English.
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
I'm going to finish reading this book. Then I'll ...... . ... .... ......... the dinner ready.
..
...
..
it for me?
We... .... ......... not......................... her to the party, so she didn't come.
2)
3)
4)
Tom's father ..... .................................. him how to drive when he was seventeen.
5)
Don fell down the stairs this morning and .... ..... ............................. his leg.
6)
7)
8)
Peter didn't shave this morning because he ... .... ....not..................... time.
9)
10)
11)
12)
I.. ............. not.......................... very fast when the accident..................... ... .... .yesterday
13)
14)
15)
16)
Are you going to the bank? - No, I................... already............................. to the bank.
17)
I.... ...... . never ......................... a car before because I haven't got a driving licence.
18)
19)
20)
21)
I.. .... ..... ... ...... ..... very tired when I got home.
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
What is Jill going to do when she ............. ...... ..... ..... ... from school?
27)
28)
29)
30)
1 told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to be ............... .... .... ..... . at 6.30.
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
________________________________________________________
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
Shall we________________________________________________________?
23)
Let's ________________________________________________________
24)
25)
Iwonderif________________________________________________________
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
183
Example:
SUBJECT
WISH
SUBJECT
IF ONLY
SUBJECT
2)
3)
We are very sorry that we live in a city with a lot of air pollution.
I wish ________________________________________________________
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
It is a great pity that people do not obey the traffic rules properly.
I wish ________________________________________________________
12)
13)
I wish ________________________________________________________
WISH
IE ONLY
SUBJECT
Example:
SUBJECT
+
1)
2)
What a pity that I am not dancing with that beautiful girl now.
If only ________________________________________________________
3)
They are not doing the Polka now and 1 am sorry for that.
I wish ________________________________________________________
4)
I am sorry that you are not helping Helen with her homework.
If only ________________________________________________________
5)
I cannot see the Queen because you are sitting in front of me.
I wish ________________________________________________________
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
________________________________________________________
What a pity that you are not taking your fathers advice all the time.
If only________________________________________________________
11)
12)
________________________________________________________
13)
What a pity that you are not driving your car very carefully now.
I wish ________________________________________________________
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
My son is not coming to London for Christmas. All the rest of the family will be here.
I wish
6)
7)
I wish
8)
My wife says it is her holiday too, and won't help with the children.
I wish
9)
10) We won't
We wish
11) They are not
We wish
12) You
are getting married to that girl, but I must warn you that she is bad-tempered.
I wish
13) I notice that
I wish
14) Margaret
I wish
15) You
I wish
I wish my
5. The woman doesn't dust the furniture when she comes here.
I wish the woman
6. My brother is perpetually cheating me at cards.
I wish my brother
7. My friends are always joking about my moustache.
I wish my friends
8. The students are constantly yawning in the class.
I wish the students
9. Your daughter is always asking me silly questions.
I wish your daughter
10. Miranda is always coming to me with some stupid requests.
I wish Miranda
11. My father is constantly leaving his socks on the carpet.
I wish my
12. You are continually finding fault with me.
I wish you
13. My brother is always playing loud music, I am fed up with it.
I wish my brother
14. Monica is perpetually biting her nails.
I wish Monica
15. Helga is constantly tapping her foot like that. It is driving me crazy
I wish Helga..
1)
What a pity that I didn't work for that company until 1 got married.
I wish I
2)
I didn't learn Spanish when 1 was in Madrid, and now I am sorry for that.
If only I
3)
I left the house before my friend came and I am sorry for that.
I wish I
4)
I am sorry that I didn't wear my new dress to Helen's party last night.
If only I
5)
Lillian stole her friend's lighter last week, and now she feels very sorry for it.
Lillian wishes she
6)
Tina has just painted the door red. Now she thinks that it doesnt look nice.
If only Tina
7)
Gila mixed up all kinds of drinks last night, and now she has got a terrible headache.
Gila wishes she
8)
It is a pity that my father got wet, because he had not taken his umbrella yesterday
If only my father
9)
Lucy didn't look after her mother when she was sick, and now she is sorry for it.
Lucy wishes she
10) It
is a pity that they couldn't take any pictures, because they had not brought their camera.
If only they
11) I didn't
get married to the girl I loved, and now I arn very sorry for it.
I wish I
12) I was
If only I
13) What
a pity that I couldn't buy the car I desired, because I didn't have enough money.
I wish I
14) My sister got
If only my sister
2)
3)
3.
4)
4.
5)
5.
6)
You . ......................................... ...... to go there if you are not a Christian, (not, allow)
7)
The Olympic Games ... .... ......... ..... ..... .... every four years, (play)
8)
9)
10) This
medicine ................. .... ... ..... ... every four hours, (take)
1.
2)
2.
3)
4)
An inquiry ................ ....... ... .... into the cause of the lire, (make)
5)
Research ... ... .... ...... .. ... .. .. to find a cure for cancer every day. (do)
6)
My friend .. ... ..... .... .... .. ... ... by that famous surgeon next week, (operate on)
7)
The big lorry ... ... ... ........................... by the customs officer at the moment, (check)
8)
9)
. .. ..
1)
2)
He.... .... .... ..... ... . ...... to prison for embezzling his client's money, (send)
3)
4)
5)
The Statue of Liberty ............................ to the United States by the French government, (give)
6)
The conference ............................ under the auspices of the United Nations, (hold)
7)
8)
9)
2)
3)
4)
5)
The corpse .................. ...... by a pathologist to determine the cause of death, (examine)
6)
Did you notice that old houses ...................................................... yesterday? (pull down)
7)
8)
The letters..... ..... ............... ..... ......... by the secretary when Eliza came, (write)
9)
The wheels of the car ............................................... by the mechanic this morning, (change)
10)
Loras car ... ........... ................................... to a garage this morning, (tow hack)
1)
2)
3)
A peace treaty........... ....... ....... between the European countries in the future, (sign)
4)
4. The results of the examination ...... ... ...... .... .......... by the time we arrive, (announce)
5)
The new hospital ................................................... before the end of the year, (complete)
6)
7)
We .... ... ..... .... ..... .... .... a new song by the teacher on Friday, (teach)
8)
The old radio .................................................. by the man we saw at the meeting, (repair)
9)
10)
1)
2)
The car ........................... .... .............. by the mechanic in the afternoon, (repair)
3)
4)
5)
This play ... ......... ... ............... .. by the students next month, (perform)
6)
The students . .... ........ .. .. .... ...... to the circus by the teacher tomorrow, (take)
7)
The furniture we ordered . .... ... .... ..... .... .... .. to your home next month, (deliver)
8)
You .......... ..... ...... .................. very closely by the police, I think, (watch)
9)
The board ......... ... ..... .. ........ .... by the student before the teacher comes, (clean)
10)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
A large area in Turkey ... ... ....... ............................... by a major earthquake, (shake)
7)
A lot of new laws ............... .... .... ..... ..... by the new government this year, (make)
8)
9)
10) We .........
..
....
.......... .... ... .... .... ....by the police, (just, catch)
Mandy asked me if I .... ... .... .. ................... to the wedding party, (invite)
Mandy asked me if I had been invited to the wedding party
1)
I noticed that the wrecked car ................................................... yet. (not, take away)
2)
Kate was annoyed after she ..... ..... .... .... ....... ... . by the man. (cheat)
3)
Angela ....................................................... by her boss some months before we met her. (dismiss)
4)
Julia said that the new hotel........................................................ by the Prime Minister, (just, open)
5)
The jet... ....... ... ..... ... ..... ..... by the mechanic when we got to the hangar, (not, check)
6)
7)
8)
He wondered if the murderer ... ... ... ..... .... ..... ..... by the police, (catch)
9)
All the questions ... ... ..................................before the exam began, (prepare)
10)
The letter ................................................. .by my father before you came here, (write)
192
.... ...
, I think, (repair)
By the time you arrive, your car will have been repaired, I think.
1)
All nuclear weapons . .. .. .... ...... ... .... ... within ten years, 1 think, (destroy)
2)
3)
The answer to this question ........................................................... before they come here, (find)
4)
The city .......... ... ..............................by the enemy before our soldiers arrive there, (capture)
5)
Three hundred new houses ........... .................... ... by the end of next year, (build)
6)
7)
You
8)
All the chocolates ........................................................ by the children before we get there, (eat)
9)
10)
All the questions ........................................................ before the teacher comes here, (prepare)
Passive:
Passive:
1. a. The traffic police fined my father for driving dangerously the other day
b. ________________________________________________________
2. a. The force of the explosion shattered all the windows last night.
b. ________________________________________________________
3. a. The doctor gave the wrong prescription the other day.
194
b. ________________________________________________________
4. a. The nurse sterilized the instruments before the operation.
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. They confiscated Peter's passport a couple of weeks ago.
b. ________________________________________________________
6. a. Mustafa Kemal Atatrk founded the Turkish Republic on 23rd, April, 1923.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. The man reported the theft to the police immediately.
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. The Russian spies stole the plans of the atomic bomb.
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. The students answered all the questions in the exam.
b. ________________________________________________________
!0. a. The lawyer defended the accused very well.
b. ________________________________________________________
D. THE PAST CONTINUOUS:
Active
Passive
1. a. The students were singing our national anthem when it began to rain.
b. ________________________________________________________
2. a. My mother was watering the flowers while we were having a rest.
b. ________________________________________________________
3. a. The economists were discussing a lax problem when the lights went out.
b. ________________________________________________________
4. a. We moved aside while the students were carrying the chairs into the room.
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. My father was repairing the car when the earthquake took place.
b. ________________________________________________________
6. a. The firemen were putting the fire out when the police arrived.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. The old woman was doing the dishes at the time of the accident.
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. My father was punishing the naughty child for bad conduct.
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. The teacher was taking the children to the circus when we arrived there.
b. ________________________________________________________
195
10. a. They were building a nuclear power plant next to the military zone.
b. ________________________________________________________
E. THE FUTURE SIMPLE:
Active :
a. The Prime Minister will sign the peace treaty next week.
Passive:
b. the peace treaty will be signed by the Prime Minister next week.
1. a. The committee will announce the names of the Nobel Prize winners.
b. ________________________________________________________
2. a. They will complete the new bridge before the end of this year.
b. ________________________________________________________
3. a. We will never forget the Beatles.
b. ________________________________________________________
4. a. The boy will throw the stone at the poor dog.
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. The principal will send the parcel to my father tomorrow.
b. ________________________________________________________
6. a. A famous surgeon will perform the operation tomorrow morning.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. The President of Turkey will make an important speech about the impostors tonight.
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. The soldiers will defend the castle bravely
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. The people who are the ardent supporters of Fenerbahce will celebrate the victory.
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. The military doctor will examine all the wounded soldiers in the afternoon.
b. ________________________________________________________
F. BE GOING TO:
Active
Passive
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. My father is going to sell our old car next month.
b. ________________________________________________________
6. a. People are going to use a lot of solar energy in the near future.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. My daughter is going to memorize a lot of dialogues,
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. The teacher is going to correct all the mistakes in my composition.
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. My mother is going to keep this medicine out of the reach of children.
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. The candidates are going to answer all the questions in two hours.
b. ________________________________________________________
G. THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE:
Active :
Passive :
1. a. The tourists have made a lot of complaints about the soaring prices.
b. ________________________________________________________
2. a. The captain of the ship has changed the course of the ship.
b. ________________________________________________________
3. a. Scientists have made great progress in the conquest of space.
b. ________________________________________________________
4. a. The students have put forward many ideas to solve the problem.
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. The police have arrested the man who robbed the bank last week.
b. ________________________________________________________
6. a. The soldiers have just shot down the United States war-plane.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. They have found the missing child's bicycle in the river.
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. The boss has not interviewed the applicants yet.
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. George has already painted the wall.
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. The children have already seen the film.
b. ________________________________________________________
197
Passive:
a. they will have sold the old car within two weeks.
Passive:
b. the old car will have been sold within two weeks.
1. a. The student will have written the letter by the time we come back.
b. ________________________________________________________
2. a. They will have decorated the Christmas tree before midnight.
b. ________________________________________________________
3. a. We will have paid the electric bill by the end of this month.
b. ________________________________________________________
4. a. You will have forgotten all your troubles by next week.
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. They will have found a remedy for cancer within three years.
b. ________________________________________________________
198
6. a. They will have released all the prisoners by the time a new election is held.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. The teacher will have explained the lesson by noon.
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. We will have visited all the museums before we leave Istanbul for Paris.
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. They will have painted our house by the time we come back.
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. The mechanic will have repaired your car by the time we have dinner.
b. ________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 145 THE PASSIVE (ALL TENSES)
Put the sentences into the other lenses as in the example below.
Example:
2)
--------------------------------------------------------
3)
--------------------------------------------------------
4)
--------------------------------------------------------
5)
--------------------------------------------------------
6)
--------------------------------------------------------
7)
--------------------------------------------------------
8)
--------------------------------------------------------
9)
--------------------------------------------------------
10)
--------------------------------------------------------
11)
--------------------------------------------------------
12)
--------------------------------------------------------
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
200
Example:
1. A: _________________________________________
B: The match will be cancelled by the referee.
2. A: _________________________________________
B: Two children were killed by [lie mob the other day.
3. A: _________________________________________
B: The mechanic was repairing my uncle's car at the service station.
4. A: _________________________________________
B: The air conditioner must be repaired by the mechanic.
5. A: _________________________________________
B: A shower must be taken before entering the pool.
6. A: _________________________________________
B: John has been called a liar by the mayor.
7. A: _________________________________________
B: Smith has been arrested three times before.
8. A: _________________________________________
B: The students were sent to London on Monday.
9. A: _________________________________________
B: The car was damaged by the explosion yesterday.
10. A: _________________________________________
B: The tourists were being questioned by the police at the police station.
11. A: _________________________________________
B: A young man has been put in prison because he has committed a crime.
12. A: _________________________________________
B: The hell has been rung three times.
13. A: _________________________________________
B: Smokers are often treated unfairly.
14. A: _________________________________________
B: Works of art are kept in the museums.
15. A: _________________________________________
B: Babies are named after they are born.
16. A: _________________________________________
B: The house was destroyed by fire. 17.
A: _________________________________________
B: Coca-cola is liked all over the world.
204
Active :
Passive
205
Active :
... ..................................
b. A difficult question...........................................................................
2. Carmen taught Tom the meaning of love.
a. To..................................................................................................
b. The meaning of love........ .... ... ... ............................ .. .... ... ..............
3. Selcuk bought Olga a white horse.
a. Olga................................................................................................
b. A while horse... ..................................... ............................... .. .. .....
4. Susan will write George a love letter.
a. George. .................................. ... ............................... ... ..................
b. A love teller ........................................... ............................... .. .........
5. The new teacher has given us our exam papers.
a. We.. .... . ... ........................... ...
.. ........................ .........................
.. .............................
.. . ....
7. The professor was explaining the students the origin of the universe.
a. The students... ....................................
................................
.. ......................................
206
..............................................................................
Active
Passive:
1)
a. The gardener.
.....................................
..
..
..
.. ..... ... ..
..
.. ...
.. ..................
.. ..
a. The Prime Minister.. ... ... .... ... ... ... .......
..
... ...
3)
..
.... .
........ ................................
.
..
..
..........
. ..
b. A present .........................................................................................................
5)
a. A rich American film star............ .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... ... ... ......... .....
..
..
6)
The dog brought the ball to the lady standing over there.
..
..... .
....
..
.. ......
..
..
... ..
..
. .. ..
Mrs. Brown is making a dress for the woman living on the top floor.
..
..
..
.. ..
.. ..
..
The president promised a prize to anyone who could answer all the questions,
.. ... ...
b. A prize............................................................................................................................ ..............
10) The boss
... ..
.. .... ..
.. ....
... ... ..
...
..
.....
... ..
a. The visitors
.. .... ....
1)
2)
A fire broke out in the building; luckily everybody. .............................. .. ... . (evacuate)
3)
You ........................... .... ... ........... out by the teacher if you go on talking like that, (send)
4)
5)
The woman who lived next door.................... .................................. last week, (arrest)
6)
7)
8)
9)
The building .......................................... ten minutes before the explosion took place, (evacuate)
10)
208
11)
The singer ..................................... ............ some flowers after the concert the other day. (send)
12)
His house burned down and according to the inspector the fire ......................by lightning, (cause)
13)
Last week I.. .... .. ................................ a job at a local bank but I didn't accept it. (offer)
14)
In my country, prices
15)
When you arrive at the airport, you ............................... ................... by a friend of mine, (meet)
16)
Sun tan cream can prevent your skin from.......by the harmful effects of the sun's rays.(damage)
17)
I don't mind............................. but 1 do when such dreadful insults are used, (insult)
18)
When Mount Vesuvius in Italy blew up, the people and animals in the town of Pompeii... under a thick
I am not sure if Smith .. ............................ to be a trusty witness by the court tomorrow, (consider)
20)
John ........... ... ................................ to Buddhism by a Chinese priest last week, (convert)
21)
I put all my money in a bank because 1 was afraid of .....................................,... ... (burgle)
22)
The old man was not satisfied with what the students .............................. .... ........... (teach)
23)
24)
He was very happy because he .................................. .................. a better job in London, (offer)
25)
26)
The search was abandoned when night came even though the child of the woman ...............(not, find)
27)
She was the first woman who ......................... ...... .................. to Parliament, (elect)
28)
By the time Einstein was thirty years old, his most important theories............................................ (publish)
29)
His trousers were too long and had to ................................ ............... (shorten)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
The government .... ..... . ... .. .......... .... by a vole of no confidence yesterday, (bring dow)
36)
.........
37)
38)
I want to watch her while she ..... ........ ... ....... .... .. . by the surgeon, (operate on)
39)
Before the sun rose, breakfast... ... ......... .... .... ..... by my mother, (prepare)
40)
His car got lost last week, and it..... ... ................... .. ......yet. (not, find)
41)
If I .........
42)
43)
A lot of wells ................. ... ............... by the time we comeback to Turkey, (open)
44)
When 1 arrived at the scene of the accident, the road ...... ... .. ............. .. for traffic, (already, open)
45)
....
..
..... ......
.. .........
.......... ..
by law. (protect)
... as soon as possible, (paint)
209
................ (build)
46)
47)
48)
49)
The wounded man said that he didn't see by whom he . ................... .. ........ . .(shoot)
50)
We all stood up while our national anthem ....... .... ............ .... ........ (sing)
51)
submarines, (sink)
52)
The man has died today because he ...... .... ........... ... ........... by a snake yesterday, (bite)
53)
54)
55)
56)
Radiation ....... .... ............... .............. to treat cancer nowadays, (widely, use)
57)
Jim went home as soon as the work ..... ............ .... ........ .... by the workers, (finish)
58)
The damage to the eyes had been recorded by the specialist technicians by the time the test ...... (complete)
59)
An important speech
60)
Life ................... ............... ... to have begun first in the seas, (say)
61)
The bad news ...... .......... ............................... throughout the building by loudspeaker when we got there,
(relay)
62)
........ her handbag while she was walking in the street, (rob of)
63)
64)
That old school building ... ................ .... .............. by the end of this month, (demolish)
65)
All the escaped prisoners ............ ... ............ .... .. . by the police before it gets dark, (catch)
2)
3)
The film which ... .. ..... ... .......... ............ on TV at the moment is very boring, (show)
4)
The thief who ... .... ...................................... the woman last week has not been caught yet. (kill)
5)
What is the name of the boy whose bicycle ........ ....................................... last night? (steal)
6)
Many lives would have been lost if penicillin ........................................ ... ..... (not, discover)
7)
While the thief........................................................... by the police, he jumped over the fence, (chase)
8)
The curtains haven't been washed since they ................................................ last year, (put up)
9)
10)
11)
beat)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
The train ........................................... .... .. for two hours last night because of the snow, (hold up)
17)
18)
19)
We ......,......................... a rest while the car is being repaired by the mechanic, (have)
20)
After he ...................... .... .. .... .......... from the company, he opened up a supermarket, (sack)
21)
This method ........................................................ to cure the patients who are mentally ill. (use)
22)
23)
The rules of the game ........................................ when 1 entered the playground, (already, explain)
24)
25)
26)
David ...................................... .... ........ in hospital ever since the accident happened, (be)
27)
28)
After the letter ........................................ ..... ..... , he went for a walk an hour ago. (write)
29)
Football .... .... ..... .... .... .... .......... in many countries, (play)
30)
The bank ..... ............................................... many times since this economical crisis began, (rob)
31)
32)
211
33)
You are not allowed to smoke until the plane .............................................. (land)
34)
35)
36)
37)
..
..
... .....
38)
We didn't know the reason why he ... ... .... ... ....
..
.. us. (leave)
39)
40)
While the tank .. ... .. .. . .. .. .., I was having a chat with Helen, (fill)
41)
People ... ..
42)
43)
The chair had to be thrown away because Us springs .. ............................... .......... (break down)
44)
You ... .... .. ..... .. ..... .. ...by the police until you tell the truth, (question)
45)
46)
47)
48)
When I was offered this job, I ........ .............. ........... it immediately, (accept)
49)
50)
The weather .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... terrible yesterday, so all the flights were cancelled, (be)
51)
Up to now, nothing ................. .... ..... .. .... from the lost pilots, (hear)
52)
53)
This cat ... ..... ... .... ... ... .... .. food twice a day. (must, give)
54)
The prize money ...... .. ... .. .... ... equally between the two winners yesterday, (share)
55)
The judge was taken it just after trial ... ........... ..................... . (begin)
56)
Trams .. ...... .... ... ... .. .. in several European countries, (still, use)
57)
I am sure you .................................................... .. very well in the exam last week, (do)
58)
This house ... .. ... .. .. ........ .. for ten years, (not, paint)
59)
60)
The sheep ...... . ..... ....... ...... .. to the market by the shepherd tomorrow, (take)
61)
The doctor ... ............................ ......... the patient the wrong prescription yesterday (give)
62)
While our house ... .. ... ... ... .... ... , we stayed in a tent, (repair)
63)
When he was threatened by the blackmailer, he .. ... .... .... .... ...
64)
65)
We ...... ... ... ... .... .. .... that the fire had been started by a cigarette, (think)
66)
They said that the riot. .... ..... ... .... ... ...
67)
68)
We .........................
.. ..
.....
... ..
..
...
..
.. ... ..
..
..
..
..
212
69)
We...
...
.. ..... ....... ....... this country according to the present laws, (rule)
70)
I .... ....... .... .. ... ... .... my mind to buy a new car. (already, make up)
C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. a. If the soldiers are examined by the doctor, they will be sent to the front.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. a. If the children are taken to the zoo, they will enjoy themselves.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. a. If you do not lock the car, it will be stolen by the car thieves.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Active
Passive
1.
2.
3.
4.
My mother may look after your baby if you give her some money
5.
6.
All the guests must vacate their rooms by twelve o'clock tomorrow.
7.
8.
9.
The referee has to cancel the match because of the bad weather.
10.
The police had to stop our car because we were going too fast.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Example:
MUST
HAVE BEEN +
PAST PARTICIPLE
CAN'T
HAVE BEEN +
PAST PARTICIPLE
COULD
HAVE BEEN +
PAST PARTICIPLE
MAY
HAVE BEEN +
PAST PARTICIPLE
MIGHT
HAVE BEEN +
PAST PARTICIPLE
SHOULD
HAVE BEEN +
PAST PARTICIPLE
OUGHT TO +
HAVE BEEN +
PAST PARTICIPLE
Active
Passive :
Active
Passive :
1)
2)
3)
4)
The police might have arrested the man if we had not told him the truth.
5)
6)
The girl could have sold all the flowers if it had not rained so heavily.
7)
8)
The referee ought to have warned the player for his bad conduct.
9)
They might have beaten the Romans if they had invented the plane.
10)
The workers could have finished the work if they had not played backgammon.
11)
The students might have answered all the questions if they had been careful.
12)
The doctor can't have written this prescription because he was not in Turkey.
EXERCISE 157
Put the verbs in brackets into the "Passive Gerund" forms using the following structure.
TO TREAT
TO BE TREATED :
BEING TREATED :
PASSIVE GERUND
Example:
I dont like ........ .. .. ... ... .... ......... like a child, (treat)
I don't like being treated like a child.
216
.. ...............
..
I don't like animals ................... ....... ... ..... .... in captivity, (keep)
2)
3)
4)
My father doesn't like.. ... .. ... .... ..... ............ waiting, (keep)
5)
6)
7)
Hilda dislikes ...... ..... ... ......... .. .... .by her students while she is teaching, (interrupt)
8)
My brother hates
9)
10)
I can't endure ...... .... ... .. ... ..... ... .. by the smugglers, (swindle)
11)
Melissa loves....... .... .. .... .. .... ......... by her boyfriends, (take out)
12)
I object to the car ... .. .. .... .................. ... on the pavement. (leave)
13)
I saw many houses .................................... ... . in our area when I was there. (build)
14)
When I saw the horse ... ... ..................................... cruelly, I felt angry, (beat)
15)
16)
I was angry at....... .... .. .. ... ... ............ by the children when I was on holiday (disturb)
17)
18)
These books should be thrown away after ... .... ........... ................... .(read)
19)
20)
She misses.... .. ......................... ... .... by her friends in the evenings, (visit)
21)
I was frightened of.. .. .. .... ....................... alone in the house at nights, (leave)
22)
23)
If you kill a human being, you cannot escape........... .... ..... ............. (punish)
24)
25)
My friend resents ................... ... ............ taking the money from the safe, (accuse of)
26)
The eggs should be boiled or fried before ...... .... ... ......................... (eat)
27)
..
217
TO BE KISSED
Example :
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
immediately, (abandon)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
6. We were waling for the shops ............... ... ... ... at nine o'clock, (open)
7)
7. I ordered the fugitive ... ... ... .. . ....... by the guardians, (punish)
8)
8. They wanted the piano .. .. .... .. ............ by John at the party, (play)
9)
10)
The patient didn't want his illness ... ... .... ...
11)
12)
13)
14)
Do you want the child .. .......................... , ... by the doctor now? (examine)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
We wish Atatrk.. .. ..................... ....... by everybody all over the world, (respect)
22)
23)
Did you expect political matters ... ... ... .............. by the students? (discuss)
24)
Did they want the criminal ... .. .... .. ...... .. at dawn? (hang)
Tree, (set)
...............
.. .. .... ..
..
.. ...
..
..
219
25)
26)
Do you want the doors of the palace ... ... ..... ..... ...... at night? (lock)
27)
28)
We desire our national anthem .. .... ......... ...... ..... every Friday, (sing)
29)
30)
Do you want these stocking masks ... .... ... ................. by the robbers? (wear)
31)
The government wants big industries . .... ............................... with greater efficiency (nm)
32)
33)
34)
35)
..
.. ... ...
Active :
Passive:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
The teacher wants the students to write the sentences on the board.
7)
8)
9)
10)I don't
want the students to sing our national anthem at the end of the performance.
11)Alice doesn't
12)Maria doesn't
13)Sharon
ordered the boys not to throw pieces of paper onto the floor.
14)The President
220
Active :
Passive :
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
We had to putt off our visit to the palace because of the weather.
7)
People rumour that your son had fallen in love with Calculi.
8)
The teacher could finish the book if she had more time.
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
Example:
Active :
Passive :
b......................................................................................................................
3. They think that Melissa speaks English with an American accent.
a.................................................................................................. ... ..............................
b......................................................................................................................
4. They say that the car is in good condition.
a. .................... ......................................................................................................
b. ...................................................................................... ............................... ....
5. People believe that the leader of the Ruling Party lives in luxury.
a.................................................. .... ......................... ..... .........................
b. ................................................................................
6. They think that this dog is very intelligent.
a.............................................................. .............................. ............................
b. ....................................................................................................................
7. They say that Rose knows some very influential people in Turkey.
a. ................. ...........................................................................................................
b................................................ ................................. ................................
8. They believe that the Queen is one of the richest people in the world.
a....................................................................... .................................
b.........................................................................................................................
9. Most people claim that Istanbul is the most beautiful city in the world.
a.............. ............................................. ..... ..................
b.............................................................................. .............................. .....................
10. People think that the weather is predicted by watching animals.
a............... ................................. ............................... .............................. ..........................
b. ...................... .... ................................................................... ...................................
Passive :
1. They think that Prime Minister will go to the United Slates next month.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. People expect that the economic situation in Turkey will improve very soon.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. People expect that the weather will be warmer this month.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. People claim that major changes will take place in Turkey in the near future.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. They expect that their representatives will defend the rights of Turkish people.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. People say that the President will be at the Naval Academy next week.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. People think that the Opposition Party will win the election.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. People expect that pollution will increase in the near future.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. They predict that the storms will reach the city tomorrow.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. Scientists believe that the level of the sea will rise considerably.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
224
1. They say that the Princes is staying incognito at the Hilton hotel.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. People consider that crime rate is increasing in Turkey because of unemployment.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. People rumour that the escaped prisoner is hiding in the jungle.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. They report that the space craft is approaching Saturn.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. They believe that the universe is expanding all the time.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. People think that the terrorists are living in the mountains.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. They say that researchers are developing better methods.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. People rumour that the ship is carrying gold bars to Libya.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. People believe that this woman is working as a spy against Turkey.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. They firmly believe that Turkish people are following the footsteps of Atatrk.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------225
They think that Olga acted foolishly at the party last night.
Passive :
Active :
They said that the man had killed the poet in self defence.
Passive :
a. It was said that the man had killed the poet in self defence.
b. The man was said to have killed the poet in self defence.
20. They claim that the political meetings have been broken up by the police.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Put the following "complex sentences" into the "Passive Voice" using a 'Terfecl Infinitive Continuous" as in the
examples below.
Active :
Passive :
Active :
Passive :
1. They think that the ship was sailing towards the North Pole.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. They believe that the captain was spending his money on unimportant things.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. They report that the spacecraft was getting in touch with the satellite in space.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------228
9. The cow will be milked by the woman before the sun rises.
10. This problem cannot be solved easily by the students.
11. An exam may be given by our history teacher tomorrow.
12. Is the contract going to be signed by the manager tomorrow?
13. An effective law against terrorism has been passed by the Parliament.
14. The teacher is going to be invited to the wedding by my father.
15. The books had been borrowed from the library by Jennifer.
16. The patient was given the wrong prescription by the doctor.
17. The victim is believed to have been poisoned by the soldiers.
230
2)
3)
4)
I would like .... .... ... ............ you on behalf of all the staff, (thank)
5)
Rana forgot. ................................. the lights when she went to bed. (turn off)
6)
7)
8)
It was very careless of you ...... .... ... ........ that coffee cup. (break)
9)
10)
11)
12)
I didn't finish ........... ... ..... .... the room because I didn't like the colour, (paint)
13)
The citizens are waiting for the Pied Piper ...... ... ...
14)
15)
I don't usually like .... ... .................. early, but I like ............
16)
I can't help ... ........ ............... him when I see him. (laugh at)
17)
I regret.... .. ................ you that we are not in a position to explain it. (inform)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
Those children are too young ...................... ....... themselves, (look after)
...
231
31)
I am not hungry but I don't feel like ..... ................ anything, (eat)
32)
I don't think it is worth .... ...... ... ..... .... government money on space explorations, (spend)
33)
His impossible..
34)
35)
36)
37)
38)
The athlete tried ... ......... . .. the world record but he failed, (break)
39)
40)
After ..
41)
She is always the first........................... and the last . ..... ...... ............. (arrive /leave)
42)
I don't fancy .. ..
43)
The teacher doesn't permit ... ........... .. . during the exam, (talk)
44)
45)
46)
They were delighted.. .. ... ... ..... .. their father standing on the deck of the ship, (see)
47)
48)
49)
I was busy.
50)
51)
52)
53)
54)
I always remember .......... ............ .......... the door before I go out. (lock)
55)
56)
When you finish .......... ........ . the letter, could you please help me? (write)
57)
58)
My father suggested ..... ... .... ...... to the cinema tonight, (go)
59)
Everyone tried ..
60)
61)
62)
63)
64)
65)
If you carry on .. ... .. ... ... .., I will have to ask you to leave the room, (misbehave)
66)
.. ... ... ... to Rose, she thinks she knows everything, (talk)
.. .. ..
..
.. .. ... ..
lost, (get)
232
67)
68)
69)
70)
71)
72)
73)
I'll take you to hospital. I cannot bear................. ... ....... you in pain, (see)
74)
75)
76)
77)
Sally has decided ............... .................... him a new watch for his birthday, (buy)
78)
79)
The children have really missed .. ....................... .... in your lovely garden, (play)
80)
81)
82)
83)
Where did you get the money? 1 don't remember................ ...... ..... it to you. (give)
84)
Bill carried on . .................. ....... when his friends went on strike, (work)
85)
She stopped .................... ........... on her project when she became sick, (work)
86)
87)
88)
89)
Please leave off.... ......................... the carpet; the baby is sleeping, (hover)
90)
91)
I like ................ ................. in the new swimming pool when it opens, (swim)
92)
Did you have any trouble ......................... ..... the hotel I mentioned? (find)
93)
94)
Getting to work on time means................. ..... ........ very early in the morning, (get up)
95)
96)
There is no ............. ..... ............. what will happen. Don't waste time talking, (tell)
97)
Jane took three weeks .... ... ..................... her illness, (get over)
98)
99)
You will find it difficult............. ................... this subject to the students, (explain)
101)
102)
103)
104)
105)
106)
107)
Do you prefer
108)
109)
110)
111)
There is nothing ... .. ... ... .... us from .................... married, (prevent/get)
112)
He slopped ............................... the map and then walked on. (look at)
113)
114) I don't
115) I am
..
..
so high, (be)
mind ..... .... ... ... .. in a lent if there are no snakes, (sleep)
116) Don'1
pretend ......................... ... him, you know you don't really (like)
117) [hate...
118) Children
120)
..
. (prevent / happen)
121)
122)
123)
I got the students .... .. .. .. .... the sentences three limes, (repeat)
124)
125)
126)
I would recommend you .. ... .... ..... ... Turkey in the summer, (visit)
127)
128)
129)
The teacher explained his ... .... .... ... .... ill. (be)
130)
There were a lot of girls, but I favoured .. ....... ....................... with Lucy, (dance)
131)
Why don't you forbid your daughter ..................... .......... cigarettes? (smoke)
132)
Pedro claimed ........... ...................... the last heir to the fortune, (be)
133)
134)
135)
I happened .. .... ...... ... .... . the teacher in the park the other day. (see)
136)
Paola is not well enough ......... ..... ..... ... to the party tomorrow, (come)
137)
138)
It isn't worth while . ............ .... . to Paris for only one day (go)
. bribes, (take)
234
139)
140)
141)
Mandy was on the point of...................................... Istanbul when we got there, (leave)
142)
143)
My sister went on.. ... .. .... ... .. about the other matter, (talk)
144)
I meant..................................... married last year but I didn't have enough money, (get)
145)
If you want to go to the cinema, it will mean .... .... .... .... . a baby-sitter, (get)
146)
She asked me ...................................... the car in front of the house, (not, leave)
147)
Stop..... .... .. ... ... of the window and listen to me. (look out)
148)
The policeman warned my father.. .... .. .... .... fast, (not, drive)
149)
150)
151)
The teacher cannot tolerate my ... ... ... ..... late every day. (come)
152)
153)
I cannot stand your .... .......... .... ... so rudely towards my father, (behave)
154)
155)
156)
157)
158)
My father promised me that he would give up.. ..... ..... ...... ....(smoke)
159)
160)
161)
162)
163)
They keep (on). ........ .. .... ... their minds all the time, (change)
164)
165)
166)
I cannot forgive Julia for. .......... ..... ..... her promise, (break)
167)
She heard the noise, but she was afraid .................................... downstairs, (go)
168)
169)
What you do is . .......... .... .... .. the eggs with flour, (mix)
170)
Can you imagine.. .... ... .... .... .. ten thousand dollars in the state lottery? (win)
235
.. them, (stroke)
+ GERUND/GERUND PHRASE
BE ACCUSTOMED TO
+ GERUND/GERUND PHRASE
BE USED TO
+ NOUN
BE ACCUSTOMED TO
+ NOUN
236
Example:
237
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Are you accustomed to eating the same kind of food all the time?
10)
11)
12)
13)
Did you have fun watching the football match on TV last night?
14)
15)
16)
Are you allowed to enter a mosque without taking your shoes off?
17)
18)
238
I am very good at ........................... ... ... chess. Nobody can beat me.
2)
3)
4)
My brother learned ..... .......... .. .... ... .. . a car when he was seventeen.
5)
I finished .................... .. ... .. .... . the first few pages of my term paper.
6)
7)
My mother fell better after ..... .. .... ... ... .... her medicine.
8)
It is pointless . ... ..... ... .... ... .... .. ..a language if you are never going to use it.
9)
Could you please sit down and stop . .. . .. ...... ..... ..... .... .!
10. My sister is busy ...... ... ... ... ......... ..... . her homework at the moment.
B. BE, CRY, PLAY, SPEAK, WAIT, POST, SPEAK, FIND, WIDEN, ARRIVE
1)
There is always a traffic jam here. The road needs ... .................
2)
Taking care of the neighbour's house proved .... .... .... .... ... .... .. a difficult job.
3)
I had a lot of difficulty ..... .... .. .... ... ............... another job in Istanbul.
4)
After not...................................................... to each other for a year, they decided to bury the hatchel
5)
It was rather childish of him ..... ... ... ....................... ... when he did badly in the test.
6)
1 would prefer .... .... .... .. .. .... .... ...here a bit if you don't mind.
7)
8)
I will never forget ....... .. .. .... .. .... .... in New York the first time.
9)
I couldn't resist ... ... .. .... ... .... .... .. a trick on the teacher.
..
..
... ..
C. CHECK, WORK, BLAME, GET, INTERRUPT, FIND, TELL, DRIVE, ARGUE, EMIGRATE
1)
2)
I don't feel like ....................................................., so T will say no more about the subject.
3)
4)
It is not much use. ... ... ... ..... .... .... ....
5)
.. ...
239
6)
7)
Remember... ........ ...... ... .. ...your answers before you leave the exam room.
8)
I regret... ... .... ........ ... ......... you that I will not be able to atlend the reception next week.
9)
10) My parents
always encourage me ..... .... .... ..... .... ... . as hard as I can.
Example :
.. .... ....
..
.. .... ...
9. She is glad that she had studied English when she was at high school.
She is glad of....................................
10. The man objects that he was sent to the doctor by the manager.
The man objects to .... ................. ..........................................................................
11. Do you regret that you didn't go to university?
Do you regret not................................................................... .............................?
12. Helen admitted that she had left the door unlocked.
Helen admitted (to) ........................................................................................
13. Emily doesn't enjoy that she has been pushed into the swimming-pool by her friends.
Emily doesn't enjoy.. ... .............. .... .... .... ........ ... ..... .......
14. The American remember that Lincoln abolished slavery.
The American remember .......................................................................................
15. I am depressed that I had a row with my wife this morning.
I am depressed about..............................................................................................................
1)
I didn't dare ....... ............... . the doctor that she was wrong, (tell)
2)
3)
It was foolish of you .... . ......... so last in the centre of the city, (drive)
4)
They would rather ....... ... ... .... a boxing match than a football] match, (see)
5)
Lora is not well enough.. .. .... .. ... tennis this evening, (play)
6)
Thank you for your postcard, it was very thoughtful of you ... .... ..... ..... it. (send)
7)
8)
I am too scared . ...... .................... the tent. There are some bears outside, (leave)
9)
He would rather........
10)
11)
Chris does nothing but.. ... ..... .... .... .all the time, (complain)
12)
I don't mind walking there, but 1 would rather . ... .. ... .... a taxi, (take)
..............? (drive)
241
13)
14)
15)
It was wrong of you ..................... .... your mother like that, (scare)
16)
I didn't want .... .. .... ... ... the film. It wasn't worth seeing, (see)
17)
Rather than .................................... it back to the shop he decided to repair it himself, (take)
18)
The doctor made the patient.... .. .... .. .... in bed for a few days, (stay)
19)
The robber made everyone in the bank ................................... down on the floor, (lie)
20)
21)
22)
She seems .... ...... ..... .... ... nothing but .. .....
23)
She would prefer ............. ............ out rather than............... ......... .... at home, (go/stay)
24)
She didn't let me ........... . ........ . the flute in the living room, (play)
25)
Where do you usually ... ... ... ... ....your summer holidays? (spend)
26)
I will let you ..................,......... ...the result of the game tomorrow, (know)
27)
28)
29)
She suggested that the teacher................ .... ... the subject once again, (explain)
30)
She stopped ....... ... .... ..... a cigarette but she couldn't.... ..... .... .... .a lighter, (smoke/find)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
It...................................................................................................................
2. Living in a foreign country was not easy.
It...................................................................................................................
3. Cheating in the examination is wrong.
It...................................................................................................................
4. Making friends was not very difficult in those days.
It...................................................................................................................
5. Getting enough sleep is important.
It...................................................................................................................
6. Going to the cinema with your friends is not a good idea.
It...................................................................................................................
7. Looking up words in a dictionary takes a long time.
It...................................................................................................................
8. Living on a deserted island is really hard.
It...................................................................................................................
9. Teaching children at this age must be extremely difficult.
It...................................................................................................................
10. Playing any kind of musical instrument requires a good sense of rhythm.
It...................................................................................................................
11. Making elderly people happy is very difficult.
It...................................................................................................................
12. Being a good neighbour is a wonderful thing.
It...................................................................................................................
13. Living in this part of the city is very dangerous.
It...................................................................................................................
14. Predicting when an earthquake will occur is very difficult.
It...................................................................................................................
15. Protecting whales and other endangered species is very important.
It...................................................................................................................
16. Going further was impossible.
It...................................................................................................................
17. Giving time to the project became more difficult.
It...................................................................................................................
244
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
245
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Diana was very old. She could not apply for the job.
11)
George was not very experienced. He could not tackle the problems.
12)
You are not old. You cannot watch this film on the television.
13)
14)
The horse was very fast. It could win all the races easily
15)
16)
That small chair is not very strong. It cannot support that heavy man.
246
1)
Eileen was so impatient that she couldn't tolerate the children for very long.
2)
3)
4)
5)
Molly was so poor that she couldn't pay the rent of her flat.
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
The lesson was so boring that I couldn't stay there the whole time.
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
247
+ ADJECTIVE
+ (FOR + NOUN/PRONOUN)
+ FULL INFINITIVE
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
The sky was very cloudy. We couldn't see the UFO at all.
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
These letters are very long. Helen cannot type them in two hours.
248
14)
15)
The river was very deep. The children couldn't swim in it.
16)
+ ADJECTIVE
+ FULL INFINITIVE
I am very old. I cannot fall in love again. 1 am too old to fall in love again.
1)
These people are very afraid. They cannot fight for their rights.
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Jane's new car is very wide. It cannot go into her garage easily.
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
The famous man was very proud. lie couldn't go back to his parents' house again.
NOUN
FULL INFINITIVE
NOUN
ENOUGH
FULL INFINITIVE
251
Example:
SOMEONE
DO
SOMETHING
ALLOW +
SOMEONE
TO DO
SOMETHING
BE
ALLOWED
TO DO
SOMETHING (PASSIVE)
Example:
SUBJECT
WOULD PREFER
SUBJECT
RATHER
FULL INFINITIVE
PLAIN INFINITIVE
Example:
* lose weight
* be more successful
* do the shopping
* cash a cheque
* be able to go to sleep
* look smart
* waste time
* take interest
* reduce crime
Example :
1. A: For what reason do people put their money in a bank? (so as to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. A; What did the government take these measures for? (in order to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. A: Why did Peter press the red button? (to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. A: For what purpose did your daughter go to London? (in order to)
255
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
After they lived in Ankara for a long time, they moved to Antalya.
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
When the old man walks along the street, he talks to himself.
a. (When) walking along the street, the old man talks to himself.
b. The old man talks To himself (when) walking along the street.
257
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
After she got into her swimming costume, she ran to the river.
7)
After Peter climbed over the prison wall, he got away by stealing a car.
8)
When he peeped through the chinks of the wooden door, he saw the criminal.
9)
After Pamela finished her homework, she turned on the television set.
10)
11)
12)
13)
When the pilot realized that he could do nothing, he jumped off the plane by parachute.
14)
15)
16)
The fans ran into the football pitch while they were waving their scarves.
17)
18)
19)
As/while I was running for the bus, I carne across a very old friend of mine.
20)
Carlos was sitting at the table while he was writing the letter.
21)
22)
When Maria heard the explosion, she looked out of the window.
23)
Margaret ate her pear while she was listening to the radio.
24)
25)
While the man was shouting for help, he ran from the burning building.
26)
27)
As / when Carol was walking down the street, she bumped into a friend of hers.
28)
29)
30)
259
1)
2)
Because the swimmer was gasping for breath, he was pulled from the churning water.
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
As / because Mandy was ill, she stayed in hospital for ten days.
8)
As/because I was not able to afford to take a taxi, I went home on fool.
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
Since/because I was the only teacher in the village. I was in a fortunate position.
14)
15)
260
1)
The Earth goes round the sun. The Earth rotates on its axis.
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Maggie came back from her holiday. She felt completely refreshed.
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
Tony walked out of the room. He slammed the door behind him.
14)
Stella lay awake all night and recalled the events of the day.
15)
The children ran down the street. They shouted and waved their hats.
16)
Susan phoned and told me what she had done on her holiday.
17)
261
Example:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
There are some children who are running towards the theatre.
6)
7)
The men who stayed at the Hilton hotel were all carrying guns.
8)
There were a lot of children who were playing in the giant's garden.
9)
There was a policeman who was shouting at the children at the top of his voice.
10)
11)
The students who don't obey the school rules must be punished.
262
12)
13)
14)
15)
A.
BUY, PUT, WANT, LEAVE, SHAKE, FEEL, FIND, HAVE, CLOSE, TURN
1)
........................... the water off his body, the dog ran after his master.
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Before ...................... ....... the house, she put the letter in her handbag.
8)
B.
9)
Not ............................. to frighten the poor man, Rose hid in the store-room under the stairs.
10)
Not............... ............... anyone at home, Olga pushed a note through the letter-box.
COME, KNOW, FLY, GREET, PLAY, SING, WAIT, PUT, SWIM, GO OUT
1)
After ............... .............. her costume on, Eileen went downstairs to open the door.
2)
2.
3)
3.
4)
The American pilots observed a strange object.... ....................... . in the sky yesterday.
5)
6)
7)
There are some children ........................ ... hide and seek in the garden.
8)
9)
The woman ............ ................. the crowd is the wife of the Prime Minister.
10)
Not.................................... quite what to do, the old woman sat down on the rock.
..
C. TAKE, SEIZE, PAY, TRAIN, CROSS, ASK, BE, OPEN, FIGHT, BELONG TO
1)
2)
3)
............. .................. the door, Natalie found two letters on the floor.
4)
5)
................................ power in the country, they started to make a lot of new reforms.
6)
After ............ ................... for ten years, Julia joined the National team.
7)
8)
9)
10)
The boy watched the girls. The girls were playing hide and seek.
The boy watched the girls playing hide and seek.
I am looking at the student. The student is cheating in the exam.
I am looking at the student cheating in the exam.
264
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
My father saw the girl. She was playing backgammon with her friend.
10)
I met Betty; she was running after her child in the street.
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
The woman heard someone. He was shouting at the top of his voice.
16)
The children watched the farmer. He was walking the dog in the park.
17)
When he passed the ball to Renaldo, he ran towards the penalty area.
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
Because he had made no profit that year, he set fire to his own factory.
24)
When Daniel has typed the letter, she will go to the cinema.
25)
26)
As we had not seen each other for ages, we had a chat for hours.
27)
28)
Since / because we had never been to the city before, we bought a guide-book.
29)
30)
When Sandy had finished her work, she started to play the piano.
31)
32)
33)
When Rain bird has typed the letter, he will go to the theatre.
34)
When she found a good job, she began to look for a flat.
35)
36)
After she had paid at the cash desk, she left the supermarket.
265
A: What did you notice? (The rope was hanging from the ceiling.)
B: I noticed (that) the rope hanging from the ceiling.
1. A: What did you observe? (The two witnesses were looking at the prisoner.)
B:................................................................................................
2. A: What did you see? (Tom was playing tennis.)
B:................................................................................................
3. A: What did your mother hear? (The phone was ringing.)
B:................................................................................................
4. A: What did Melissa feel? (The room was spinning round Melissa.)
B:................................................................................................
5. A: What did the children hear? (A nightingale was singing in the forest.)
B:................................................................................................
6. A: What did you spot? (A body was floating near the seashore.)
B:................................................................................................
7. A: What did the woman observe? (A strange object was flying over the sea.)
B:................................................................................................
8. A: What did your father notice? (Three men were swimming towards the shore.)
B:................................................................................................
9. A: What did the teacher see? (My aunt was looking at the students strangely.)
B:................................................................................................
10. A: What did your sister overhear? (Pamela was shouting at the secretary.)
B:................................................................................................
11. A: What did your father smell? (The cake was burning in the kitchen.)
B:................................................................................................
12. A: What did Mary watch? (Carmen was reading the programme at the concert.)
B:................................................................................................
13. A: What did you listen to? (Jennifer Lopez was singing on the stage.)
B:................................................................................................
14. A: What did your sister witness? (The man was beating the woman cruelly.)
B:................................................................................................
15. A: What did you hear? (Helen was playing Beethovens violin concerto.)
B:................................................................................................
16. A: What did the policeman notice? (The criminal was crossing the street.)
B:................................................................................................
266
EXERCISE 199
I am reading an .... .... ... ... article about love, (interesting/ interested)
I am reading an interesting article about love. (Present Participle)
Helga is very much .. . .......... in architecture, (interesting/interested)
Helga is very much interested in architecture. (Past Participle)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
It has been an awfully .. ... ... ....... day I must sit down for a moment, (tiring/ tired)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
The.....
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
I have just heard some ............. ... .... .. news about her. (worrying/worried)
19)
20)
It was.... .... ... ......... to see how little had been done, (disheartening/ disheartened)
21)
22)
It was a very ....... ... ... ... experience for a small child, (frightening / frightened)
23)
I am very ...
24)
... ... ..
.. ..
..
25)
The possibility that 1 might lose my job is very . .... ..... ....... (worrying/worried)
26)
Thank you very much for a very ............... .. .. presentation, (interesting/ interested)
27)
28)
We were all... ..
29)
30)
Mary was very ....... ... ..... ... and she wanted to go to bed. (tiring/ tired)
31)
I was ................. .. .... of the man I saw in the street, {frightening/ frightened)
32)
It wasnt. ..
.........
..
As/because I had left my wallet at home, I couldn't pay for die meal.
2)
3)
4)
As/because we had not seen each other for ages, we had a chat for hours.
5)
6)
7)
8)
As/because he had drunk too much at the party Johnny had a terrible headache.
9)
As/because he had been warned that bad weather lay ahead, he changed course.
10)
As/because I was deeply shocked, 1 made up my mind not to speak to her again.
11)
12)
Tom had broken his leg. He didn't take part in the tennis tournament.
13)
14)
15)
Since/because I didn't have any money, I couldn't go to the concert with her.
268
1)
2)
Tom had broken his leg. He didn't take part in the tournament.
3)
4)
5)
Jack had taken off his overalls and now wore a suit.
6)
Once / when she had said good bye to Gila, she packed her bags.
7)
My mother gave Melanie her breakfast and then watched her eat it.
269
8)
As I spent the whole afternoon watching TV, I didnt manage 10 finish my homework.
9)
10)
11)
As I drank some coffee last night, I couldnt go to sleep until three in the morning.
12)
As I have lived in Hong Kong for twelve years, I have a wide knowledge of China.
13)
14)
After I had made a reasonable amount of money, I didnt need to do any more work.
15)
(WHEN /AFTER)
Example:
HAVING
PAST PARTICIPLE
1)
2)
After Janine had done her shopping, she went for a swim.
270
3)
4)
When she found a good job, Emily began to look for a flat.
5)
6)
7)
8)
Alter she paid / had paid at the cash desk, she left the supermarket.
9)
When he passed the ball to Peter, he ran towards the penalty area.
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
When the woman got off the bus, she saw a man with a bear.
Present Participle:
I was going to the bus-stop. I met an old friend.
Going to the bus-stop, I met an old friend.
Perfect Participle or Present Participle:
271
2)
3)
4)
5)
I heard that the caves were dangerous. I didn't want to go any further without a gun.
6)
I knew that he was hard of hearing. I shouted to him at the top of my voice.
7)
She believed that she could trust him. She gave him the cheque.
8)
9)
Rose complained loudly. She asked the man to wait until she came back.
10)
11)
I spent three years with him in Paris. I knew what he was interested in.
12)
13)
14)
272
Present Participle:
As (he dog was barking furiously, Silva threw a stone at it.
The dog barking furiously, Silva threw a stone at it.
Perfect Participle:
After her father left/had left the house, I told them the truth.
Her father having left the house, I told them the truth.
1)
2)
3)
The children were not sleepy, so we decided to stay a little longer at the party
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Tears were rolling down her face. Helga screamed more loudly.
9)
10)
11)
Maria was ordered to stand for several hours. I soon grew weary waiting for her.
12)
13)
Since / because Natalie had broken her leg, the doctor sent her to hospital.
14)
273
Present Participle:
It is the most..................................... film I've ever seen, (excite)
It is the most exciting film I've ever seen.
Past Participle:
He became very ...................................... about the Cup Final, (excite)
He became very excited about the Cup Final.
1)
2)
3)
The two people ...................................... in the accident are still in a critical condition, (injure)
4)
Not...................................... to create a scene, she waited until her husband came, (want)
5)
The town ...................................... for the next Olympics was one nobody had expected, (choose)
6)
The man ...................................... to repair the television set was useless, (send)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Not having ...................................... her for many years, I cried with joy. (see)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
Rose was sitting there ..................................... the teacher in admiration, (stare at)
16)
17)
18)
19)
The woman ...................................... in the house was crying with fear, (trap)
20)
21)
After the exhaustive search, they found the ...................................... children, (miss)
22)
23)
Most of the people ...................................... to the party were old friends, (invite)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
................................... the envelope, he was ........................... to see his name, (look at/ astonish)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
Jane has just graduated from school. (Angela and Kate) ...................................................
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
.....
...... ...
..
............................................................................
Tom is not a good husband. He is not a good father, either. Tom is neither a good husband nor a
good father.
278
Kate doesn't like fish. Her father doesn't like fish, either. Neither Kate nor her father likes fish.
I dont like beer and 1 don't smoke, either.
I neither like beer, nor do I smoke.
1. Anne didn't pass the test. Susan didn't pass the test, either.
2. I don't like cheese for breakfast. My wife doesn't, either.
3. Lora cannot speak Russian. She cannot speak French, either.
4. I havent read the book. I havent seen the play, either.
5. Julia hasn't eaten anything and she hasn't drunk anything, either.
6. They didn't allow her to go to the disco. They didn't allow her to go to the party, either.
7. I didn't see the teacher. I didn't write a letter to him, either.
8. The teacher doesn't play tennis. The children don't play tennis, either.
9. I don't know the teacher. My father doesn't know the teacher, either.
10. Jennifer hasn't got a Mazda. She hasn't got a Toyota, either.
11. I was not hungry. I was not thirsty, either.
12. I cannot make a cake. I cannot make an omelette, either.
13. My sister doesn't like pop music. My brother doesn't, either.
14. Istanbul is not in Africa. Samsun is not in Africa, either.
15. I dont go to church. I don't go to mosque, either
279
... ........
2. A: Your parents like classical music. Do they like pop music, too?
B: Yes, ..................... ... .... .. ... .. .... ......................
..............................
3. A; You lost your wallet. Did you lose your keys, too?
B: Yes, ..... .. .... ................................. ... ... ..
.. ..
..
.. . ..................... .. . .
6. A: You visited the National Gallery Did you visit the London Tower, too?
B: Yes, .. ... ........ ............................................... .... ...... ......................................
... ..
7. A: Your sister made her bed. Did she also do her homework?
B: Yes, .......... .. .... .. .................................. ...
... ... ..
..
..
..
.........................
9. A: Your sister plays the piano very well. Does she play the violin very well, too ?
B: Yes, .... ... ................................................ .... ... ....
10. A: You have written the letters. Have you posted them, too?
B: Yes, ........................... .... ...... .. .... ...... ..................... ..
..
11. A: Miranda passed her exam. Did she get a very good mark, too ?
B: Yes, ................ .........................
.. ..
.. .............................
..
..
..
.. .................
12. A: You speak German very well. Do you speak Italian very well, too ?
B: Yes, ... ............ .............................. ....... ....................................
..
13. A: You are angry1 with me. Are you angry with my wife, too?
B: Yes, ................................ .. .. ..
.. ............................
..
.. ........................................... .
14. A: You were a very good singer. Were you a very good pianist, too ?
B: Yes, .... ... .. ..... ....... ...... ................... ..
.....
15. A: Your father is very rich. Is your father very generous, too?
B: Yes,.
......................... .. .. ..
.. ....... ........ ....... ... ... ... . ............ ........ ... .. ... .
Maria has been awarded a prize. Lisa has been awarded a prize, too. Not only Maria but also Lisa
has been awarded a prize.
Isabella is lazy. She is dishonest, too.
Not only is Isabella lazy but she is also dishonest.
1. Julia invited her parents to the party. She invited her friends to the party, too.
2. Peter was a well-known detective. He became a successful writer, too.
3. Roger is a champion athlete. He is a first-class musician, too.
4. Sandra can speak Portuguese. She can speak Spanish, too.
5. Caroline is getting married this month. Pamela is getting married this month, too.
6. The restaurant is dirty. The food is awful.
7. This hotel is very expensive and the waiters are rude.
8. Mandy has helped a lot of people. She has donated a lot of money to charity, too.
9. Melissa made a lot of mistakes. She avoided using verbs in her composition.
10. Jennifer Lopez sings and dances.
11. This exercise is tedious. It is hard, too.
12. Paul smashed a window. He damaged the television set, too.
13. This car is fast. It is economical, too.
14. Smith washed the car. He polished the car, too.
15. This encyclopedia is cheap. It is informative, too.
16. You are funny. You are actually witty, too.
281
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10) Do
11) Do
.... .. ?
3)
4)
...................................................................................................................... ..............................?
5)
.. ....
.... ....................................................................................................................?
6)
.. ..
.. ....
. ?
7)
8)
9)
10)
..................................................................................................................... ... .. ..
..... ..?
11)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10) I suggest
11) I suggest
1)
.....................................................
2)
.......................................................
3)
....................................................
4)
....................................................
5)
..............................................................................
6)
.....................................................
7)
...............................................................................
8)
...................................................
9)
.........................................................................
10)
........................................
11)
.............................................
EXERCISE 214
Make "Polite Requests" using the sentences given in the "Imperative Form" as in the examples below.
Examples : Open the window.
1. Open the window, please.
2. Please open the window.
3. Open the window, will you?
4- Will you open the window, please?
5. Will you please open the window?
6. Would you open the window, please?
284
EXERCISE 215
MAKING AN OFFER
Rewrite the following sentences using "Shall I...?" as in the example below.
Example :
Do you want me to do the shopping for you? Shall I do the shopping for you?
285
Would you like me to help you with your homework? Shall I help you with your homework?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
286
Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative
Pronouns "WHO", "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example:
The man will be very rich. The man won the first prize last week.
The man who won the first prize last week will be very rich.
1)
2)
3)
The clerk doesn't work here anymore. He was the most impolite person in the world.
4)
The boy threw a stone at me. He has just gone to the cinema with his friend.
5)
The woman is in love with my brother. She has been living in Italy for a long time.
6)
The man rushed into the bank. He was wearing a silk stocking over his face.
7)
The article was about the Turkish troops in Iraq. It was criticized by the press.
8)
The books are lying on the table. They are very interesting. .
9)
The man has been arrested by the police. He lives on the third floor.
10)
The woman cannot play tennis very well. She has poor eyesight.
11)
The fire started on the third floor. It destroyed the whole building.
12)
The aeroplane frightened the students. It was flying very low over the school.
13)
14)
15)
The roads will he blocked with snow soon. They lead to Artvin.
16)
The men have been put in prison. They shot the seals last week.
287
1)
I saw the woman. The woman dropped her purse on the bus yesterday.
2)
I visited the man. The man used to live with my family years ago.
3)
I am going to get married to the man. He went to London on business last week.
4)
5)
They put the blame on the woman. She was seen getting on a train two days ago.
6)
The robber pointed his gun at the clerk. The clerk was at the party last night.
7)
Our neighbour saw the thief. The thief was wearing blue jeans.
8)
I have a friend. He has been running a shop in Athens for a long time.
9)
10)
The policeman is looking for a man. The man left his car in front of the hospital.
11)
My teacher gets impatient with the students. They are uninterested and inattentive.
12)
Peter took the place of the performer. He had been injured in a car accident.
13)
The train was crowded with the students. They were all very friendly.
14)
The police are looking for a woman. She is thought to be very dangerous.
15)
This method was widely used to cure the patients. They were mentally ill.
16)
288
The man is rolling in money. You see the man over there.
The man (who / whom) you see over there is rolling in money.
1. The woman has just deserted me. I got married to the woman for her money.
2. The pictures have been stolen by a thief. The woman painted them on the island.
3. The woman has gone to live in Spain. I met the woman at a party a few weeks ago.
4. The girl is my sister. You have just told her the story.
5. The ring was not diamond. My friend bought the ring for his sweetheart,
6. The (lowers smell very nice. 1 cut them this morning.
7. The girl was a teacher. 1 introduced the girl to my family the other day.
8. The money should be spent on food. They will spend the money on drink.
9. The man was a sales representative. I talked to him in the shop a few days ago.
10. The woman has been given the job. They interviewed the woman yesterday.
11. The drugs only exacerbated the pain. The doctor gave the drugs to me yesterday.
12. The film was terrible. We saw the film last week.
13. The little girl was very poor. The sailors found her on a deserted island the other day.
14. The novels are very difficult to read. He wrote the novels late in life.
15. The sights interested him a great deal. The sailors saw the sights in Istanbul.
16. The houses are very expensive. My father wanted to buy them last week.
289
I love the teacher. You saw the teacher in the park the other day,
I love the teacher (who / whom) you saw in the park the other day.
1)
I am in love with the woman. I saw the woman at the theatre last week.
2)
3)
Everybody knows the girl. You met her at the party last night.
4)
I am cross with the girl. My father advised her to see a doctor right away.
5)
6)
I had a row with the girl. I gave her a colourful book last week.
7)
8)
9)
10)
My father hung the picture on the wall. He had painted it when he was on the island.
290
11)
12)
13)
14)
The woman pointed her gun at the doctor. I met the doctor at the airport last night.
15)
16)
Someone has stolen the pencil I laid it on the table a few minutes ago.
1. The little boy couldn't go to school. His arm was broken last week.
2. Lucy got married to a man. His family lives in Madrid.
3. The lady went to Barcelona. Her villa was sold at a low price last week.
4. The man is a war hero. His father was sent to prison last week.
291
5. The old man lived alone. His house was broken into last night.
6. The girl cried bitterly. Her doll got broken last night.
7. The man must be worried. 1 found his keys on the floor yesterday.
8. The car will be sold at a low price. Its owner is a famous play-wright.
9. I have seen the car. They had smashed up its fenders.
10. The policeman speaks French wonderfully. His family stayed in France for four years.
11. The lady has just bought a dog. I am staying at her house.
12. The car was hit by a driver. Its insurance had expired a short time ago.
13. He has written a book. I have completely forgotten its name.
14. The man seems to be very happy. His house is full of children.
15. The man has gone to Paris. I visited his house the other day.
16. The girl was saving money to go to the Netherlands. Her father works in a bank.
Example:
This is the hotel. My parents stayed there (at the hotel) last year.
293
294
a. The girl (who / whom) I am in love with lives in Paris. The girl with whom I am in love lives in Paris.
I. The school was founded in the fifteenth century. My children go to it.
a. ..........................................................................................................
b.........................................................................................................................
2. The car had been stolen. The robbers got away in it.
a. .................................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
3. The man gave me different information. I spoke to him this morning.
a. ............................................................................................................................................................
b......................................................................................................................
4. The hospital enjoys a good reputation. I am employed in the hospital.
a. ..........................................................................................................................................................
b.......................................................................................................................
5. My father is using a computer. I am not familiar with it.
a...........................................................................................................
b........................................................................................................................................
6. The chair is not comfortable. You are silting on it now.
a. .................................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
7. The girl comes from Italy. I shared the room with her when 1 was in London.
a. .....................................................................................................
b..............................................................................................................................
8. The room is on the second floor. We study in the room.
295
a. .....................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
9. I want to buy the book. Everybody is talking about it.
a. ........................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
10. The club is very expensive. Many entertainers belong to it.
a. .......................................................................................................................................................
b.................................................................................................................................
11. The man has got married again. I bought this car from him last month.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. The woman has left for Paris today. You were sitting next to her at the cinema.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. The elephant was brought from India. The children were riding on it half an hour ago.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. The hook belongs to my brother. You took a page out of the book.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15. The city has a lot of interesting places. We are now flying over the city.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16. The house will be on sale pretty soon. They are looking at the house.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17. The man is my uncle. Mary spoke of him a minute ago.
18. Can you show me the house? Atatrk was born and brought up in it.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19. The part of the city was near the castle. I was talking about it last night.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20. The man is very old. We often go to him for advice.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------296
21. The girl is still unmarried. Some of the children take piano lessons from her.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22. The address was wrong. Melissa sent the letter to the address.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23. The officer has just got married. We were having a chat with him at the party.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24. The treaty was signed yesterday. We have been talking about it for days.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25. All the efforts were useless. He was very proud of them.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26. The project was cancelled. My sister was working on it.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27. The train was very crowded. We were travelling on/in it yesterday.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28. I enjoyed the music. I listened to it last night.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29. The vehicle was involved in a road accident. The goods were being transported in it.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30. The thing was really of little importance. You were arguing about it.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31. We regret to inform you that the book is unobtainable. You inquired about it,
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. The house is in need of considerable repair. I live in it.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------297
33. The house had just caught fire. The people ran out of it.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34. The hotel is located in the centre of Rome. You are going to stay at it.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35- The students are from Morocco. My brother is in close contact with them,
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36- The lady is my aunt. I introduced you to her the other day.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37. It was Helen. William borrowed the money from her.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------38. The documents appear to have been mislaid. You refer to them.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39. The man is ill today. I usually drive to work with him.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40. It was John. We had to wait for him so long.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41. The woman pays me a fair salary. I have been working for her for a long time.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42. The man is the director of the film. You should send your application
to him.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
298
Example :
* He steers a ship.
* He flies a plane.
* He sells meat.
* He collects stamps.
* He bakes bread.
* He repairs cars.
A: What is an actor?
B: An actor is a person who acts on the stage.
1. A: What is a doctor?
B:.........................................................................................................................................................................
........
2. A: Whal is a mechanic?
B:.........................................................................................................................................................................
........
3. A: What is a captain?
B:.........................................................................................................................................................................
........
4. A: Whal is a pilot?
B:.........................................................................................................................................................................
........
5. A: What is a baker?
B:.........................................................................................................................................................................
........
6. A: What is a dentist?
B:
.........................................................................................................................................................................
.......
7. A: What is a butcher?
B: ...................................................... ..................... ..........................................................................................
8. A: What is an arsonist?
B.................................................................... ........................ .......................................................................
9. A: What is a merchant?
B: ............................................. ............................................... ...................... ............................................
10. A: What is a journalist?
B: ...................................................................... ....................... .....................................................................
300
A: What is a dormitory?
B: A dormitory is a large room where a lot of people sleep.
1. A: What is a nightclub?
B:...............................................................................................
2. A; What is a lunatic asylum?
B:...............................................................................................
3. A: What is an air-port?
B:...............................................................................................
4. A: What is a zoo?
B:...............................................................................................
5. A: What is a greenhouse?
B:...............................................................................................
6. A: What is a dispensary?
B:...............................................................................................
7. A: What is a hospital?
B:...............................................................................................
8. A: What is a library?
B:...............................................................................................
9. A: What is a prison?
B:...............................................................................................
301
Istanbul is a big city Istanbul was the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Istanbul, which was the
capital of the Ottoman Empire, is a big city.
1. Edison was not a brilliant student at school. He invented the light bulb.
2. Dr Smith has come to visit a patient. His car is outside the building.
3. Hamlet is a tragedy. It is a famous play by Shakespeare.
4. Ronald Reagan was the President of the U.S.A. He had once been an actor.
5. My sister wants to speak to you. You met her at the party last night.
6. Tina Turner is loved by everybody. She was born when the Second World War broke out.
7. I am familiar with Mrs. Short. Her daughter lives in New York.
8. The Blue Mosque is famous for its tiles. It has six minarets.
9. These papers belong to Bernard. 1 am sharing a room with him.
10. Mrs. Fortune was a writer. Her dead body was found in the cellar last night.
11. The German car was driven by an American. It won the race.
12. Did you like my shoes? My father bought them on my birthday
302
13. The Pyrenees are often covered with snow. They divide Spain from France.
14. Atatrk was a real genius. He is very well-known all over the world.
15. They went to China. They lived there for many years.
16. The Atatrk Dam didn't solve the energy problem. It was built many years ago.
17. I am a student at Leeds University It is in the north of England.
EXERCISE 227
Complete the following sentences with the "Relative Pronouns" or "Relative Adverbs" on the list below.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
RELATIVE ADVERBS
. ...
I live.
... .... ... was carried out yesterday was a great success.
3. The person .. ..
5. Mary is longing for the day ... ........ ...they will move out of the city.
6. The shop.. .. ...
12. The day ... ... ..... he left Istanbul for Paris was Monday.
13. The car by.... . .... .. I came is waiting in the street.
14. The reason ..........
15. k was him.. . . ....... started the argument at the party last night.
16. 1 cannot remember anything..
...
.. ..... .
..... he said.
my father went to the circus last night
21. I am trying to find some shoes .... ... ...... match this dress.
22. There are certain days .....
23. I know a girl
... .
26. The woman to . ..... .. .... Jane gave the money is very poor.
27. The book for .....................you have been looking is very interesting.
28. We visited Buckingham Palace, ...... ... ..... the Royal family lives.
29. The artist .... ..
....
.. she agreed to marry him was the happiest he had ever had in his life.
34. There are some parts of the world .............. ... even now people cannot read and write.
35. There is hardly a moment....... . ... .. I don't think of you, Matilda.
39. These are cold-blooded creatures. They lay their eggs on land.
40. This symphony is by Mozart. It is called "Jupiter'.
41. It was Mary. She threw a stone at the dog.
42. Composers are highly paid. They write music for films.
43. I know an old lady. The old lady swallowed a spider.
44. Atatrk is greatly admired by everybody in the world. He died at the age of fifty-seven.
45. M Baker will be the guest speaker. You have heard about his book.
306
The girl who had long hair answered the door. The girl with the long hair answered the door.
307
The student will win the reward. The student is selected by the jury
The student who is selected by the jury will win the reward.
The student selected by the jury will win the reward.
1.
The woman was taken to hospital. She was injured in the accident.
2.
The operation was a success. It was carried out by a famous surgeon yesterday.
3.
4.
The lorry started its journey in Samsun. It was loaded with bricks.
5.
6.
7.
The classroom was very cold. It had been used lot the exam.
8.
All the cars are very cheap. They are manufactured in that car plant.
9.
10. The boy is waiting outside. He was expelled from school for smoking.
11. The debater refuted all the main points. They were made by the opponents.
12. The umbrella belongs to a friend of mine. It was found in the garden.
13. The students were cold and wet. They had been standing in the queue for hours to buy tickets.
14. The houses are comfortable. They are heated by solar energy
15. The man has asked me for ten dollars. He was sitting in the lobby an hour ago.
16. The book was very good. It was recommended by my friend.
17. The packages will be sent back. They are not wrapped correctly.
308
11.
12.
The books which are for this course are very expensive.
309
13.
14.
The school which is in this town is very famous all over the world.
15.
16.
The passengers who are on the plane are very afraid of hi-jackers.
17.
The first man who sailed around the world was Joshua Slocum
The first man to sail around the world was Joshua Slocum.
1)
2)
3)
The first guest that arrived at our house was George Benson.
4)
5)
The first ship that landed in New Zealand won the race.
6)
7)
Melissa will be the last girl who will take the exam.
8)
9)
10) Could
11) Night
12) There
Atatrk was the first Turkish president who saved our country.
16) Barbara
EXERCISE 233
Put the following "Active Causative" sentences into the other Tenses as in the example below.
1. The Present Simple
I make Angela write the letter in English. I have Carol sing a French song. I get Rose to correct my mistake.
311
312
..... ........... ... ..... ..... ... ... ... .... ...... ..... ....
3.
........ ..... ... ..... ..... ... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ....
4.
5.
......................................................................................................
6.
7.
8.
9.
.......................................................................................................
10. .. ..... .... ..... ..... ... ..... ........... ..... ..... ...... ...
2. 1.I get my father to take me to the cinema.
2.
..
3.
4.
5.
6.
..
7.
8.
9.
......
.... ....
..... .... ... .... ........................................................................ ..... .... .... ...... ...
3.
4.
5.
6.
..................................... ... ... ... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ... ....................................
7.
8.
..... .......... .... ..... ..... ..... ... .. ... ...... ... .. .... .. ... ...
9.
... .......... ..... ...... ... .... ..... ... .... ..... ..... ..................... ................
10 ... .......... .............. ........... .... ..... .... ..... ...... .... .... .. .... .
4. My mother makes the man clean the carpets
5. The nurse has the patient take this horrible medicine.
6. My friend makes me laugh during the examination.
313
.. ....
....
..
....
1. Does your teacher make the students clean the board every day?
a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------2. Did your brother have you iron his shirts yesterday?
a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------3. Do your parents let you go to the cinema with your friends?
a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------4. Will your teacher get all the students to learn the poem by heart?
a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------5. Does your father always make you cry if you go home late?
a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------6. Has the judge made you tell the truth at the court?
a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------7. Did the officer have all the soldiers climb up the tree in the garden?
a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------8. Did your friends get you to play the piano at the party?
a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------314
b. No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------9. Will you let your wife go to the cinema tonight?
a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------10. Did your father get the mechanic to repair your car yesterday?
a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------11. Does your teacher let you use a dictionary during the test?
a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. No, ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example:
MAKE +
SOMEONE
DO
SOMETHING
HAVE +
SOMEONE
DO
SOMETHING
GET
SOMEONE
TO DO
SOMETHING
............... .....................
..
b. The teacher .......... .... .. .................... ... ... .......................... . .... ..... ...... ...................
c. The teacher... .................................. ..... ...................................... ..... .............................
..
..... .............................
...
....................... ......
......................... ....
.................... ....
.................................... .........................
EXERCISE 236
Put the following "Passive Causative Sentences" into the other tenses as in the examples below.
Examples:
1. The Present Simple
Rose gets her eyes tested.
Kate has her car repaired
2. The Present Continuous
Kale is having her car repaired.
Rose is getting her eyes tested
3. The Past Simple
Rose got her eyes tested
Kate had her car repaired.
4. The Past Continuous
Rose was getting her eyes tested.
Kate was having her car repaired.
5. The Future Simple
316
2.
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3.
--------------------------------------------------------------
4.
--------------------------------------------------------------
5.
--------------------------------------------------------------
6.
--------------------------------------------------------------
7.
--------------------------------------------------------------
8.
--------------------------------------------------------------
9.
-------------------------------------------------------------317
10.
--------------------------------------------------------------
11.
--------------------------------------------------------------
12.
--------------------------------------------------------------
1)
2)
--------------------------------------------------------------
3)
--------------------------------------------------------------
4)
--------------------------------------------------------------
5)
--------------------------------------------------------------
6)
--------------------------------------------------------------
7)
--------------------------------------------------------------
8)
--------------------------------------------------------------
9)
--------------------------------------------------------------
2)
--------------------------------------------------------------
3)
--------------------------------------------------------------
4)
--------------------------------------------------------------
5)
--------------------------------------------------------------
6)
--------------------------------------------------------------
7)
--------------------------------------------------------------
8)
--------------------------------------------------------------
9)
--------------------------------------------------------------
EXERCISE 237
PASSIVE CAUSATIVES
Answer the following questions using the "Passive Causative" structure below and the "words" in
brackets.
318
HAVE/GET
Example:
SOMETHING
PAST PARTICIPLE
319
+
+
SOMETHING
SOMETHING
+
+
PAST PARTICIPLE
PAST PARTICIPLE
..
..
. last week.
2)
3)
I (have). . ..
4)
5)
6)
7)
I couldn't mend the chair myself, so I (have).... ....... .... ... it (do)....................by the carpenter
8)
People who are very ill (have) .... ... everything (do) .. ...
9)
The button has come off and only yesterday I (get) . . . .. it (sew).
10)
I saw him sitting in the barbers chair. He (have) three things (do) . ...... ............. at the same time.
... .
...
..
...
on by my sister.
.. it (service)...............
...
12)
I (have) .. ..
13)
14)
15)
My father (have) ..
16)
17)
18)
he writes his reports in English. and then (get)..........them (translate) into French.
19)
20)
21)
We (get).. .... ..
next week.
...
...
... now.
22)
23)
24)
25)
My sister (get)
..
..
..
..
at the airport.
... ..
of America.
...
..
........................
.. ...
.. .........
............................
..
.....
..
..... ...
..... ........
.. ... ...
.... .....
..
.. . ......... .........
....................
.... .....
5. A: When did you gel your tooth pulled out by the dentist?
B: .................... . .. .... ...................... ...
....... ........
..
........... ..
..
.. .... ........
... ..
6. A: Do your parents always gel someone to cut the grass m the garden?
B: ........ ......................... .. .... ..................... ... ... .............
7. A; Did your teacher make you repeal the sentences aloud yesterday?
B:... .............. .... .... ............... .... .... ................... .... ............. .. .....
..
............. ..
..
B: ............. ..
322
10. A: Will your father let you go out with your friends tonight, I wonder?
B:
.. .... ..... ..
11. A: Did you get the tyres of your car inflated to the correct pressure?
B:
...
..
.. .............. ...
.. ............
..
.. ............
13. A: Are you having your car repaired by the mechanic this afternoon?
B:... .... .. .... .............................. ..... ...
..
. .......................
...
...
............................ ...
.... ..................
..
... ..
... ... ..
16. A: When are you going to have your blood pressure checked?
B: ..... ............................ .............................
... ........................
....................... ...
17. A: Did your friends make you stay at their house last night?
B: ...... .... ............................... ... .... ..................... ....
..
... ....................
... ..............
18. A: Will your friends be able to get the administration to support this plan?
B: ..
..........
1. James says /said, "I always get up at six o'clock in the morning".
a. James says.......... ..... ................. . . ... .. ................ ..
b. James said
...
..
..
.... .. ......... - ..
........
...
..
......
...
...
.......
..
..
..
.. .............
............ .. .
..
.. ......
.. .....
..
..
....... .............................
323
..
..
4. They say / said, "We saw a very good play at the theatre last night".
a. They say ... ... ... ........... ...............
b. They said ............................ ......
..
.. .... ... ..
.. .... .............. .
..
5. Catherine says / said, "I was listening to the radio at seven o'clock this morning".
a. Catherine says................................ .......
...........................................
..
..
..
..
.. ..................................
..
...
7. Peter says / said, "I paid the bill the day before yesterday".
a. Peter says........ .... ... .. .. .. .......................
... ....
..
...
.. ....................... ..
.. ....
..................................
8. Maria says / said, "There were a lot of people at the cinema last night".
a. Maria says. .. ... .................................. ... ...
b. Maria said ... .... .. .................................
..
9. The governor says / said, "The school will be opened the day after tomorrow".
a. The governor says.. .. .... ......................... ..
... .... ..
.....................
.... ...
..
... ...
10. The man says/said, "My sister was in South Africa three years ago".
a. The man says .................. ... .... ...............................
b. The man said ........................ ..
..
..
.....
11. Mge says/said, "I was working for (he same firm in those days".
a. Mge says...... ...................... .... .... ..... ...
.......................... ..
b. Muge said ......... ... ... ... .................... ..... .... .......................
... .
... .. ........ .
12. Jane says / said, "1 am playing the piano at the party now".
a. Jane says .............................................. .. ... ...
..
.....
..
..
..
..
. . ..... ........
... ..
13. The workers say / said, "We didn't have breakfast this morning".
a. The workers say............................................. ....................
b. The workers said ............................ ....... . ..
....
..
..
..
..
.. ...
..
..
...............................................................
15. Diana says / said, "I fell in love with my English teacher ten years ago".
a. Diana says.. .... .... .... .. ...................................................
b. Diana said.. .... .............................................. .... ...... .................................... .... .... ... .. ...........
324
16. Charles says / said, "The birds were singing in the tree this morning".
a. Charles says .... ... ..... ................................................. ...
b. Charles said .. ... .. ................................................
.... ....
] 7. Rose says / said, "I am going to see the admiral next week".
a. Rose says .... .. ..................................... .... .... ...
........................... ...
..
..
18. Hilda says / said, "I will be visiting the museum tomorrow afternoon".
a. Hilda says.. .... .................................................
..
....
... ..
19. Henry says/said, "I will get married the day after tomorrow".
a. Henry says .... .... ...................................................... .... .... .......................................... ...
b. Henry said ................................... ...
..
.. ....
20. Lolita says / said, "I was very much worried about my father's health".
a. Lolita says .. ......... ... .............................................. ..... ... ...............................................
b. Lolita said .. .... ... ..... .................................................
... ..... ..
.. ..................................... . ..
21. Kate says / said, "The Members of the Parliament think of nothing but money".
a. Kale says ... .. ... ... ........ .... .... .... .... ....... ..... .... ...
... .... .... ......................................... .... ... .... ... ... ...
......................................... ...
..
.. ..............
24. The teacher says / said, "The match will take place the day after tomorrow".
a. The teacher says .. .... ... ... .... ... ........................................
...
..
.. ... ...
..
...................
..
25. Lora says/said, "I have studied German for four years, but I cannot speak it yet".
a. Lora says. .... ...................................... .. .... ... .....
b. Lora said ......................................................... ... ...
... ....
...
... .....
..
...
.. ...
... ..............
..
..
..
... ...
..
........... ......................................................... .. ..
b. Roger said. .. .... .. .... ... .... ... ... .... .... .... ...
..
..
27. The man says / said, "The train was held up for two hours this morning".
a. The man says .. ... .. ... .. ... .... .... .... ....... ..... ...
b. The man said .... .... .... .. ... ...
..
..
..
28. Chopin says / said, "Many people don't know the meaning of political immunity".
a. Chopin says .... ......... ... ..... .... ................................................................... ... ....
b. Chopin said ...... .... ..................................................................... ...
326
...
Reported :
................................................................
b. Lisa.... .......................................... ... ... ...
... ...
...
.. .. ..
... ..
...
2. Helen says / said to him, "I was at the party with your friend yesterday".
a. Helen
b. Helen
3. Lora says / said to the boys, "You are lazy and unreliable".
a. Lora.. ..... ... ..................................
..
...
b. Lora ... .......................... ... .. .... .. .........................
..
4. Mar}' says / said to me, "You didn't do your homework last night".
a. Mary....................... ..... ... .. ................................. ....
b. Mary ............................... .... ......... ..................... ....
..
..... ...............................
..
.......................................
5. Jane says / said To Tom, "My father will be sent to Spain next year".
a. Jane .............................. .... .. ...........................................
b. Jane .................... ... ... ............................ ... .... ....
...
..
......................... . .. ...
6. Wendy says / said to Fred, "My mother was mending your socks this evening".
a. Wendy .. .......................................... .... ... .............................. ....
b. Wendy .. .... ... .................. ....... .... ..... ..... .... ........................ ...
... . ..
...
7. Belly says / said to Mike, "You are going to be punished the day after tomorrow".
a. Belly .... .................... ..
...
..
..
..
8. Kale says / said to Philip, "I am going to wake you up tomorrow morning".
327
. ..._...........
...
... ..
.....
b. Kate ............................... .. .. ... ...
................................................... ............ ..
9. She says / said To the children, "I have already seen this film three times".
a. She ........ .. ... ..... ................................................
b. She ........... .... ....... .. ..
.... .....
................................. ........
.......................................... ..
10. The judge says/said to the man, "The jury has found you guilty".
a. The judge ....... ....................................................... ....
b. The judge ........................................... .... .... .... . ..
11. Gloria says/said to me, "My son has been studying medicine for a long time".
a. Gloria ...................... ... ... ..... ... .... .. ........................ ....... ....
b. Gloria ......... .. ... ........... .........................................
..
...
OFFER
ACCUSE
ADVISE
DOUBT
BOAST
SUGGEST
ADMIT
PREDICT
PROMISE
REMIND
APOEOGIZE
Direct
: Selda said, "No, I don't have any love affairs with Danny".
Reported: Selda denied that she had any love affairs with Danny.
1. Peter said, "No, 1 didn't punch anybody at the end of the match".
Peter ............................................................................. .... ..
..
..
..
..
..
.. .. ... ... .
. .
...
..
..
..
3. Sally said to Gilda, "You had better make your complaints to the manager".
Sally...
..
..
..
..
.. . .... ....
4. Pamela said, "I am awfully sorry that I have made a silly mistake".
Pamela ... ... .. ... .
.. .. .... ..
....
..
...
..
..
. . ....
5. My father said to me, "I think that you will be in charge of the whole company".
My lather................ ........ .. ... ..
........
..
...
.. ...
. .
.... ..........
6. Cathy said, "I am very glad that I have never had an accident in my life".
Cathy ..
.. .... ..... .
.. .. .... ..
..
..
..
....
.
328
...
..
....
.. ....
.. ....
.......
7. Matilda said to me, "Okay, 1 will never try to hide your pencil again".
Matilda ........................ ...... .... ... ... ... .... ... ...
.... ...
.. .....
..
8. Rose said, "I don't really think that it will rain in the afternoon".
Rose
.... ... ..
...
..
.....
..
... ....
..
..
..
.. ..
.. ..
.... ...
..
... ...
..
... ..
... ... ..
11. Diana said, "Don't forget to bring your camera to the party, Kale!"
Diana ..... ...
..
... ....
..
..
..
..
..
.. .. .. ... ..
13. The actor said. "All right, it was my fault. 1 was nervous during the performance".
The actor ...................... ...... .... ............................................................... ...................... ........ ..... .. ..
. ...
.
14. The inspector said, "You murdered the poor woman, didn't you, Ruth!"
The inspector ........................ .......................................................... ................................. ....................... ............
15. Roger said, "Don't worry, Hilda, I will bring you your camera back tomorrow".
Roger
... .. .... ..
...
..
... ....
Reported:
1. Donna said, "I was living in Egypt when the war started".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------2. Paul said, ''We were walking in the street when it began to rain".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------3. Mandy said, "I was playing the piano when my lather came home".
329
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------4. William said, "My sister was working as a secretary when she got married".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------5. Julia said, "The children were quarrelling when my father entered the room".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------6. She said, "The boy was playing cards when his mother shouted at him'"'.
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------7. Susan said, "Rose was swimming in the sea when the telephone rang".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------8. Carol said, "I was driving home from the theatre when the police stopped me
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------9. Eileen said, "My mother was watching television when the lights went out".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------10. Zeynep said, "Peter was lying in bed when the clock struck seven".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------11. Nancy said, "My father was watering the flowers when the taxi came".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reported :
Direct
: Sue said, "I did my hair while they were repairing the car".
Reported :
a. Sue said that she did her hair while they were repairing the car.
330
b. Sue said that she had done her hair while they were repairing the car.
1. Eliza said, "My sister was singing a song while I was having a bath".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------2. Peter said, "1 was reading my book while Jack was doing his homework".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------3. Angela said, "I was having a chat while the teacher was doing English".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------4. Rose said, "I was writing a letter when my father was listening to the news".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------5. Julia said, "The police were following the thief car while 1 was shouting".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------6. Cathy said, "1 was making a cake in the kitchen as my sister was watching the TV".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------7. Lucy said, "My father came home while my mother was listening to the radio".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------8. Kate said, "I left the party as the students were having a good time".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------9. Sally said, "I jumped off the bus while it was moving".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------10. Olga said, "I laid the table when the children were discussing the matter".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" paying attention to the tense of the "Reporting Verb".
Use the reporting verb "ask" only.
Direct
Reported :
1. I say / said to Linda, "What time do you have breakfast in the morning?"
a. I ask. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b. I asked ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Jane says / said to me. "When does your father go to work?"
a. Jane asks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b. Jane asked
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. Paul asked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. The teacher says / said to Mar}', "Where are your friends playing tennis?"
a. The teacher asks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b. The teacher asked -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. Gloria says / said to the man, "What do you know about the bank robbery?"
a. Gloria asks -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b. Gloria asked
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. The man says / said to her, "How much money will you spend on your books?"
a. The man asks
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. The man asked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. Hilda said to Peter, "Where will you go tomorrow?"
a. Hilda asks
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. Hilda asked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. The policeman says / said to her, "How long have you been in Istanbul?"
332
a. The policeman asks-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b. The policeman asked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. The salesgirl says / said to me, "Which of these knives do you want to buy?"
a. The salesgirl asks .. .... ...... ... ...........
b. The salesgirl asked .... .............
...............
....
13. He says / said to me, "Why didn't you come to school yesterday?"
a. He asks ..... .... .................. ... ............... ................... ... ... .......... ... ................ ................ ..... ..........
..........
b. He asked ............ .... .............. .......... ... .. ............. .................... ........... ..
14. The officer says / said to me, "Who / whom did you see in the park last night?"
a. The officer asks .............. ... ..........
.. ............
.... .......
... .
15. My sister says / said to john, "Who saw the accident last night?"
a. My sister asks ..............
...
............. ..........
16. My father says / said to me, "Who was the first man to fly?"
a. My father asks .... ... ........................
b. My father asked
...... .........
...
....... ....... .
..
.... ..................
................ .. ....
..
... .................
17. Sharon says / said to him, "How many students were there at the party last night?"
a. Sharon asks ...........
.. ......................
.... .................
...........
..
..
.................
.. .. ......
..
...............
... ....................
.. .. ........
.. ..............
18. Tina says / said. "What kind of music are you fond of, Stella?"
a. Tina asks. ... .. ........ ..... ... ..................... ..... .......... ......
b. Tina asked
.. .............
19. Nora says / said to Peter, "Whose bicycle did you borrow yesterday?"
a. Nora asks .. .. .................. .. ..... .................
b. Nora asked...
................
20. Charlie says / said, "David, where did you put my English book?"
a. Carole asks ..................... ..... ................ .... ... ............ ...... ...................... ..... ... ............ ... ..
....
b. Charlie asked
.........
. .............
..
21. Dilara says / said to me, "How much money do you have in your pocket?"
a. Dilara asks .... ................... .................
22. Martha says/said, "What was your sister wearing at the party, William?"
a. Martha asks...... .... .......... .... .................... ..... ...........
b. Martha asked .................. .... .................
...
............. ..
....
................
........... ..
.. .......... ..
.......
............. .. ...........
23. Michael says / said, "What happened here this morning, Helen?"
a. Michael asks .. .......................... .................. .................... .................... .... .............. .... .............. ... .
b. Michael asked .............. ................... ................... ........................
..........
24. James says / said to her, "When are you going to read me some of your poems?"
a. James asks ..... ... .................... ... ..........
............
b. James asked .... ............... .. ................. ..................
.. ................. .. . ..........
Reported :
1. I say / said to Kale, "Does your father really work for the Secret Service?"
a. I ask ____________________________________________________________
b. I asked ____________________________________________________________
2. Rita says / said to me, "Did you see the doctor yesterday?"
a. Rita asks____________________________________________________________
b. Rita asked____________________________________________________________
3. Natalie says / said to Peter, "Do your students speak English very well?"
a. Natalie asks____________________________________________________________
b. Natalie asked ____________________________________________________________
4. Leyla says / said to him, "Were you living in Turkey during the war?"
a. Leyla asks ____________________________________________________________
b. Leyla asked____________________________________________________________
5. My father says / said to us, "Are you listening to the radio now?"
a. My father asks ____________________________________________________________
b. My father asked____________________________________________________________
6. Dorothy says / said to Richard, "Does your wife usually have lunch in the kitchen?"
334
a. Dorothy asks
___________________________________________________________
b. Julia asked
...
.................... ........................ ..
.... ............. ....... ... .......... ... ...... ... ................. ....
13. Barbara says / said to him, "Have you seen any good films recently?"
a. Barbara asks ........... .. ..........
..
b. Barbara asked ............ ... ................. .... .............. ... ... .................... ................... ... .. ........
14. Paul says / said to Zeynep, "Are you going to the theatre tonight?"
a. Paul asks .. ........... .. ..
................. ...
..
............
..
.... .. .....
...
................
..
. ........
15. George says / said to me, "Have you ever flown in an aeroplane?"
a. George asks ............ .. .... ................... ...
b. George asked
... ...............................
....................... .....
............................. .
16. Mike says / said to me, "Are there any petrol stations in this area?"
a. Mike asks.
.. ... .. ........................
..................... ..
...
..
.. .... .....
17. Jackson says / said to Maria, "Is there a dog in the garden?"
a. Jackson asks. .. .......................... ... .... .. ............................... .....
h. Jackson asked .. .. ..
.....................
18. My teacher says / said to me, "Do you have many friends in Istanbul?"
335
..
a. My teacher asks....... ... ................ ...... ...... ............................. ..... ........................ ... ... ...
b. My teacher asked ... ..... .... ..................
..
..
19. Sally says / said to Tony, "Were you in London last year?'1
a. Sally asks.............
....
..
20. Wendy says / said to me, "Have you been running since you got up?"
a. Wendy asks ....... .............. .... .... ........................... ...
..
............................. ................... ..
..
............
21. The man says / said to the woman, "Can you speak English?"
a. The man asks ... ................ .... .... .. ........ ...
b. The man asked ..... .. . ..............
.....
. .................
..
. ....
22. She says / said to him, "Did you manage to find the documents I wanted?"
a. She asks ............... .. ...
b. She asked...............
................
..... ...................
.. ... ....
.. ...
23. Chris says / said to me, "Were you employed by the company two years ago?"
a. Chris asks .... .. ........................ .... ..... ........... .
b. Chris asked .. ... .. .................
..
..
.................. ....
..
.....................
..................
24. My wife says / said to me, "Were you angry with me last night?"
a. My wife asks .. ... ... .................... ..... .. .............. .....
b. My wile asked .. ................. ..
.....:.............
...
... . ............
..
.. .................
... ... .
DEMAND
FORBID
ORDER
REMIND
WANT
COMMAND INSTRUCT
WARN
Direct
Reported :
THREATEN
URGE
DIRECT
Direct
Reported :
1. My boss says / said to me, "Don't tell anybody about this plan".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------2. The doctor says / said to me, "Eat fruit when you are hungry".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------3. Peter says / said to her, "Don't worry whatever you do".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------4. My mother says / said to me, "Wait in this room until I come back".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------5. My father says / said to Peter, "Tell me what time you got up this morning".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------6. My friend says / said to Helga, "Don't forget about your appointment".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------7. My sister says / said to him, "Turn the light off before you go out".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------8. She says / said to me, "Don't drink water before you eat your meal".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------9. The doctor says / said to the girl, "Put out your tongue".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------10. The man says / said to us, "Don't touch anything before the police come".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------11. My mother says/said to him, "Take the meat out of the oven when the bell rings",
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------12. Carol says / said to Peter, "Try to finish your homework before you go to bed".
337
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------13. Lucy says/said to me, "Don't take the dog out for a walk in the afternoon".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------14. Jack says / said to Mary, "Don't disturb me. I am busy writing letters".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------15. Gilda says/said to Jack. "Bring me the book which your father bought last week".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------16. Rita says / said to me, "Don't forget to thank your teacher when you say good-bye".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------17. The policeman says/said to her, "Do what you are told or you will get into trouble".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------18. I say / said to the policeman, "Don't tell me that you are an honest man".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------19. My mother says / said to him, "Swim in the sea when the weather is really hot".
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. -----------------------------------------------------------------------20. Molly says / said to Peter, "Don't tell me that you know the story that I am reading",
a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
338
EXERCISE 250
Chance the following sentences into "Reported Speech" using the "Reporting Verbs" on the list below.
ASK (POLITELY)
BESEECH
REQUEST
IMPLORE
BEG
Direct
Reported:
Direct
Reported:
PLEAD WITH
1)
2)
My mother said to Linda, "Please, don't wipe your hands on my clean table-cloth".
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
"Could you please explain this subject once more?" the student said to the teacher.
8)
Pamela said to me, "Can you show me the way to the train station, please?"
9)
She said to the student. "Please put out your cigarette before entering the library".
said to the man, "Could you direct me to the post office, please".
13) "Let
339
She said to me, "Don't make a lot of noise when you are playing".
2)
My son said, "I'll have plenty of time because I don't have to go to school tomorrow".
3)
Rita said to me, "Don't worry, I will pay you back on Saturday".
4)
5)
She said, "The man who was living in this house has sold the car".
6)
He said, "I always encourage the audience to laugh before the show begins".
7)
8)
9)
Donna said to him, "Do you know where Janet went last night?"
10) Tom
13) He said,
15) Chris
to me, "If you take the dog for a walk, it won't bark so much".
to her, "You will win the match if you play more carefully".
to Jack, "Please don't ask me such questions. Do you want me to tell you lies?"
to Jill, "Do you think this kind of thing will happen again?"
to the man, "Do you think that the Government will set up a public enquiry?"
28) The
flight attendant said to the passenger. "Fasten your seat belts because we have to make a compulsory
landing".
29) The old
man said to them, "Don't go near the house because there is a gas leak".
31) He said,
said to me, "Have you decided which courses you are going to take?"
to me, "Do you know how long Alice has been playing the piano?"
said to me, "Pay particular attention when you are doing your work".
to Jane, "I havent seen you for ages. What have you been doing since I last saw you?"
to him, "What do you do when you are sailing against the wind?"
38) My mother
said to me, "Do you think that you will be happy if you marry Rose?"
1)
2)
3)
4)
She told me that she would go to London if she could find a better job.
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
12) My mother
she had been able to speak French when she was twelve.
341
(SOMEBODY)
(THAT - CLAUSE)
1. "Let's have a picnic on the island next Sunday!" said Jennifer, (suggest)
Jennifer_________________________________________________________
2. Roger said to Hilda, "That car you are driving belongs to me", (claim)
Roger_________________________________________________________
3. Patricia said, "Yes, I have had an accident with my car", (admit)
Patricia _________________________________________________________
4. "I have never spoken to the King", said Jane Seymour, (deny)
Jane Seymour_________________________________________________________
5. "I will never lie to my father again", Susan said, (promise)
Susan_________________________________________________________
342
6. "You should take the other road", Matilda said to me. (suggest)
Matilda_________________________________________________________
7. Rita said, "I telephoned at ten o'clock, but nobody answered it", (explain)
Rita_________________________________________________________
8. Peter said to me, "You are quite right in what you say", (accept)
Peter _________________________________________________________
9. Betty said, "I can speak six languages very well", (boast)
Betty_________________________________________________________
10. The witness said, 'This is the man I saw at the scene of the crime", (affirm)
The witness_________________________________________________________
11. Lolita said tome, "You really must come and meet me", (insist)
Lolita_________________________________________________________
12. The weatherman said, "We will not get any rain today", (predict)
The weatherman_________________________________________________________
13. Melissa said, "I know where the stolen car is", (claim)
Melissa _________________________________________________________
14. The teacher said, "Yes, the exam is very difficult", (agree)
The teacher_________________________________________________________
15. "You never take my advice seriously", my father said to me. (complain)
My father _________________________________________________________
16. "This man doesn't know what he is talking about", said Nancy, (mutter)
Nancy _________________________________________________________
SOMEBODY
FULL INFINITIVE
2)
"Don't go too near the fire, it is dangerous", said the officer to the woman, (warn)
The officer _________________________________________________________
343
3)
I said to Nora, "You had better see the doctor right away", (advise)
I_________________________________________________________
4)
5)
6)
7)
"Insert your card and wait for the machine to open", the man said to me. (instruct)
The man_________________________________________________________
8)
"Don't touch that snake; it is very dangerous", Tony said to Linda, (warn)
Tony _________________________________________________________
9)
10)
11)
12)
"Would you like to come to my house on Saturday?" Paul said to me. (invite)
Paul _________________________________________________________
13)
14)
Lisa said to me, 'The party will be a great fun. You must come", (persuade)
Lisa _________________________________________________________
15)
"Let me stay up a little longer tonight, mother", said the child, (beg)
The child _________________________________________________________
16)
"Would you mind typing this letter for me, please?" Maria said to me. (ask)
Maria _________________________________________________________
(PREPOSITION)
GERUND
344
Direct
Reported:
1)
2)
3)
Veronica said to me, "I am sorry that f upset you", (apologize to)
Veronica ______________________________________________________
4)
5)
"You must wear warm clothes", my mother said to me, (insist on)
My mother______________________________________________________
6)
7)
8)
______________________________________________________
9)
"I am sorry I didn't phone when you got back to the station", said Rose to her husband, (apologize to)
Rose ______________________________________________________
Lucy______________________________________________________
11) The policeman
said, "Yes, 1 took bribes from people many times", (admit to)
The doctor______________________________________________________
13) I said,
I______________________________________________________
14) In
court Mary said, "No, I was not near the scene of the crime", (deny)
Stella ______________________________________________________
16) My father said
to me, "No, 1 won't raise any objection if you get married", (object to)
My father______________________________________________________
345
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
She had good qualifications, but she had trouble finding a job.
8)
9)
Yldz was wet to the skin, but she didn't feel the cold.
10) It
11) It
12) He is
346
Example :
IN SPITE OF
DESPITE
347
I will turn down the music so that I will not disturb our neighbours.
I turned down the music so that I would not disturb our neighbours.
She always takes an umbrella so that she doesnt get well.
She always took an umbrella so that she would not get wet.
1)
I will write down the address so that 1 will not forget it.
2)
3)
4)
5)
I will stand aside so that the teacher may enter the classroom.
6)
7)
8)
9)
Jane is working very hard so that she may pass the exam.
10)
11)
12)
The teacher will take the students to the theatre so they may see Hamlet.
13)
14)
She is opening the door quietly so that she will not wake the baby.
15)
Paul will leave the door open. He wants to be able to run away.
Paul will leave the door open so that he will be able to run away.
Paul left the door open, lie wanted to be able to run away.
Paul left the door open in order that he would be able to run away.
I am speaking slowly. I want my students to be able to understand me.
I am speaking slowly so that my students can understand me.
I spoke slowly so that my students could / might understand me
1)
Janet wiped all the surfaces. She didn't want to leave any fingerprints.
2)
3)
4)
Sandra locked the door. She wanted to keep the burglars away.
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
I have bought a new house; I want the children to have more rooms.
11)
We stayed in a hotel near the airport. We wanted to catch the early morning flight.
12)
We are thinking of moving to the city. We want the children to get to school easily
13)
14)
I am going to settle the matter. I hope there will not be any further problems about it.
1)
She will wear her overcoat in case the weather gets cold at night.
2)
3)
4)
Jennifer will handle this vase with care in case it gets broken.
5)
I will say good bye in case I don't get time to come to the airport to see you off.
350
6)
7)
8)
I will stay at home all night long in case my father needs me,
9)
10)
11)
The soldiers are evacuating people from the area in case the volcano erupts.
12)
He is very worried in case anything happens to his valuable car during the night.
13)
14)
Example:
Aye is going to the airport by taxi so that she should not miss the plane.
Aye is going to the airport lest she (should) miss the plane.
John was walking very carefully so (hat he should not fall on the ice.
John was walking very carefully lest he (should) fall on the ice.
1)
Jane is studying hard so that she should not fail in the exam.
2)
The doctor told my father to stay at home so that he should not catch cold again.
3)
The burglar wore gloves so that he should not leave any fingerprints.
4)
I locked the door so that the children should not go out to play,
5)
You had better write it down so that you should not forget it.
6)
7)
8)
9)
We are speaking quietly so that our father should not hear us.
10)
He was extra polite to his superiors so that something adverse should be written into his records.
11)
She had to grab the iron rail at her side so that she should not slip off.
12)
Leave the lights on when you go out so that burglars should not break in.
352
ADJECTIVE
THAT
1)
2)
Alison was very angry. She broke the chair into little pieces.
3)
The boy was very intelligent. He soon left the rest of the class behind.
4)
We were very busy; we had to put off going on holiday for a month.
5)
6)
7)
8)
She was very depressed. There was nothing I could do to cheer her up.
9)
The policeman was very unhelpful. 1 couldn't keep my temper under control.
10)
11)
The weather was very cold. The water in the river froze.
12)
He was very wet after the storm. He went upstairs to change his clothes.
13)
14)
15)
16)
353
(A / AN + ADJECTIVE) NOUN
THAT
1)
It was a very popular concert. We had to queue for tickets for hours.
2)
Carol has a very friendly manner. Her friends like her very much.
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
He was a very important man. He was elected leader of the opposition party.
11)
My friend has a fertile imagination; lie can create all kinds of characters.
12)
13)
The new teacher had a very strange accent. I couldnt understand him.
14)
15)
354
ADVERB OF MANNER
THAT
1)
The wind was blowing very strongly. Many people ran to the shelters.
2)
3)
The man was talking very fast. I could hardly understand him.
4)
The woman spoke very softly. I could hardly hear what she said.
5)
6)
My brother was explaining the subject very funnily. I couldnt help laughing.
7)
8)
My sister was eating her food very greedily. I decided to order another portion.
9)
10)
The man was acting very strangely. The child started to run away.
11)
12)
The boy was crying very much. We had to send him out of the hospital.
13)
The bus stopped so frequently. We were not able to gel to the station in time.
14)
The policeman behaved very rudely. I couldn't keep my temper under control.
355
* The teacher explained the lesson very fast. * Sheila inherited a lot of money.
Example:
..
..
.... ....
....
.. ...
.. .. .... .. ... .... .. .... .... .. .. ... ..... ... .... . .. ......... . .........................................
356
.. ... ...
....
..... .... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ..........
...
4. A: Why did you go straight to bed last night?
B: .......... ...... ......
..
..
..
........
..
.......
.........
.....................................................................
..
... ....
.....
...
. ... ..
..
..
...
. .....
....
...
. ... ...
..
..............
.........
..
..
..
...
9. A: Why didn't you understand the teacher?
B:
....
...
. ... ...
... ...
........
..
..............
.........
..
..
..
..
................................... ..... ..
...
..
.. ...
..
13. A: Why did everybody fall in love with Gilda?
B:
..
..
.... ... ..
.. ...
..
Paul plays the piano very well. As a result, he was offered a place with the orchestra.
2)
3)
4)
5)
The weather was very bad. As a result, the referee cancelled the match.
6)
7)
The wind was blowing very hard. As a result, the match was cancelled.
8)
9)
10)
The boys were very clever. As a result, they soon left the rest of the class behind.
11)
12)
It was a very sunny day As a result; they all went for a picnic.
13)
They were very good dancers. As a result, the audience applauded for ten minutes.
358
2)
3)
4)
It was...
5)
6)
He bought
7)
Mr. Brown and his wife were ........pleasant people that we have decided to stay there again next year.
8)
9)
10)
The event was . ... ... .... serious that I will never forget it.
11)
12)
They are .. .. .. .... good friends that everybody wants to be their friends.
13)
14)
Roger is ..... ............. good student that teachers hold him up as an example.
15)
Eileen is......... .
16)
He is ......... ..
17)
18)
I was
19)
He spoke .. ... ..
20)
He ran with
21)
22)
He had.....
23)
I was ....
24)
It was ...............
25)
The sea ..... .... ... .. rough that the ship sank almost immediately.
26)
They were having ................ .nice time at the party that they didn't want to leave.
27)
There were.. .... ........... many people in the queue for tickets that I missed the train.
28)
The teacher became .... ... ... .. enraged with the student that he beat him.
29)
He is
30)
Tom talks ... .. .. ..... nonsense that no one listens to him any more.
31)
I was
32)
33)
34)
It was ............. .... warm this afternoon that I didn't wear my jacket.
..
... ........ lot of apples that we will be eating them for weeks.
..
..............
..... .. ...
....... .....
359
35)
It was . ........ .. .. easy exam that all the students got it right.
COMPARATIVE, THE
COMPARATIVE
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
As you work more carefully, so you make / will make fewer mistakes.
9)
10) As
you wash your car more frequently, so it lasts / will last longer.
11) As
12) As
13) As
14) As
15) As
360
Statement
Verb
Complement
.. ..................
................................. ...
7. A: What does Patricia love most? Have you got any idea?
B:
.... ...
................... .....
..
B: ..... ..... ..... .................................. ..... ..................... ........................ .... ... ...... is a top secret.
10. A: When will the children come home? Have you got any idea?
B:......................... ............... ....................... .... ..... .... ...........................
..doesn't matter.
..
........ ...... .
13. A: Why did Martha get married to Peter? Have you got any idea?
B:....... .... .............. ... ... ......................... ...... .... ..................
14. A: What did you really want to study? Could you tell me?
B: ............................. ..... .... ... ...............
..
15. A: Whoever caused the accident? Will you please I ell me?
B: ................... .... .... .... ......................... .... .... .. ........ ....... .............. ....was very careless.
+ Question Word +
Statement,
+ Question Word +
Statement?
....
...............................
c. ............................................................ ....
..................
.......................................................... ...?
5. How much money does your father have in his pocket?
a. .............................. ....................... ...........................
..
.....?
6. When will your sister get married?
a.............................. ................................ ..... ...........................
..
?
7. What was your father doing when the accident happened?
a. .... ........ ..........
... .
b............. .. .
.. .. . ....... .......
c. .
..
... ..
....... .
..
.
..
..
.. .... ....
. ..... .... .
.... ...
....
..
b.....
c. ...
..
.. . ....... .... ..
.. .... .....
..... .... ..
....... ...........
- .. ......... ..... - -
...
..
.... -
..
.. .. ..
..... ......
.... ........ ..
...... ..
..
..
.. .. ...
... ... .. ...... .....
..
.. ....................
b. .
....... ... ..
c. ....
....
.. ... ... ..
.. ....... .... .
... ........... . .
.. . ..............
... ... ..
..
..
.....
... ...
...
..
..
. .... ...... .
..
..
....
... ..
. ..... ..... .
.....
..
...... .... . ..
b. ...
..
c. .................. . ... ... ..... ... ...... ....... ........ ... ...
.... ...
... ....
...
.........
... .................
12. How long will it take the mechanic to repair the air7
a.
. ..............
..
..
... ..
.......... ... ..
13. How many students were there in your class last year?
a. ... ................... .... .. ... .. . ........ ....
..
..
..
... ..
..
................
....
... ...
..
14. What advice does the doctor give to people with flu?
a.
..
b. . .............
c. ..
.. ... .. ...
...
.............. .. ... ..
. .. .... ...
..
..
....
........ .....
..
.. ... ...
..
.. .
..
.. .................... ...
... ..
..
.. ....
..
..
....................
.... ...
.. ....................... ....
........... - ..
364
....
..
..
Noun Clause
a. I wonder
If/whether
+ Statement
If/whether
+ Statement
c. Do you know
If/whether If + Statement
Examples:
..............
c. ............................................... ................
.................
..............
................. .................
...............
............................... ?
..........
..
... ......... ..... .......... ..... ........... ..... ...... ...... ... ........
............... .......... ...
..
.. .....
...............
.. ................. .............
...
...
.................
........ .... .?
b. ................................. ..................
....
..
........
................ ...............
...
......... ... ..
............... ....
...........
..
.......
...
........ ...
....................... ........?
5. Do people stand up when they hear our national anthem?
a. ..
..............................
...............
... ...........
...
........ ..... .......... ..... ................ ............. .... . ..... ... ....
..............
................................................................... ............
..?
6. Did the general order the soldiers to attack the castle?
365
..............
..
......
.... .........
.................................... .............. ..
...
...............
.............. ............
-?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
Verb
Question Word
Statement
A: What do you remember? (What did Hilda tell you last week?)
B: I remember what Hilda told me last week.
9. A: What did the girl in the shop ask you? (What do you want?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
10. A: What do you guess? (Who did you bump into this morning?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
11. A: What don't you know? (Where is the treasure?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
12. A: What did your brother ask you? (What did you do this morning?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
13. A: What did the tourist want to know? (Where is the Blue Mosque?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
14. A: What do you know? (When will there be a general election in Turkey?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
15- A: What did your father ask you? (What time did you get up this morning?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
Verb
That
Statement
A: What do you think? (Gloria has to study hard to pass her class.)
B: I think that Gloria has to study hard to pass her class.
370
2)
It is apparent .......................
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
It worried me a bit........ ..
8)
9)
10)
It appears .....................................
11)
12)
13)
14)
It seems
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
It is necessary ...........................
20)
21)
22)
.... ................................
371
....
... ........................... .. ..
.. .... ..............
...
..
..........................
.... .........
...
.................
..............
..
................
... ...
.. ................. ..
...
....
.... ......................
..
.. .....................
10. That the student should solve the problem by himself is important.
It................. .. .... .. ....................... ... ... ...... ............... . .... ....
... ...
15. It is urgently that the police should be notified about these strange people.
That.............. . ... ..... ..... ........................
..
..
............... ... .
..
... .........................
UNLESS
BECAUSE
AS IF
UNTIL
ALTHOUGH
IN CASE
WHILE
WHEN
SO THAT
AS SOON AS
2. You should wear your seat belt.... ... .......... ..... .... you are driving your car.
3. Helen looks.. .............. ... .. ... she hasn't slept for several days.
4. I don't want to leave the children alone ....
...
....
he felt tired.
7. The fans cheered ......... ... .... .. ........ . they saw their favourite footballer.
8. The children waited under the tree ........ ... ... .... .... it stopped raining.
9. ............ .... ... ..
10- He threatened to tell the newspapers ...... ... ..... ..... ....
B.
EOll AS IF
WHEN
AS
BECAUSE
SINCE
THAT
..
EVEN THOUGH
UNTIL
IN CASE
..
4. The lawyer claimed ........ ... ..... ................ his client was not guilty of committing the crime.
5. .... ............ .. ..
two business people come to get lit r, they often discuss work or business.
...
.................
....... ........ .... I am not interested in Jazz music, I didn't go to the concert.
373
...............
..
10.
...................
.... ... ... I had seen the film before, I didn't want to see it again.
C.
SO THAT
ALTHOUGH
NOW THAT
IN CASE
AS THOUGH
WHEN UNTIL
THE WAY
UNLESS
WHERE
2. .. .................... .... .... she had a headache, she carried on with her work.
3. He hid the file on purpose.. ...............
..
4. Lolita behaves .................... ... she were the director of this factory.
5. Could you look after the children ............ . ... ..... I get home?
6. ......
...
.. ................. you have a ticket, you cannot get into the theatre.
.... ........
I dress.
IN CASE
SO THAT
UNTIL
AS LONG AS
WHILE WHENEVER
ALTHOUGH
SINCE (BECAUSE)
1. I have to be well-dressed ......... .. ..... ... ....... I make a good impression on people.
2. We took some food ..................... .... ... we got hungry on the journey
3. ...... ..... .................... John drinks coffee, he gels a headache.
4. You can borrow the calculator ................... .... ...
5. ...... ..... ..................
6. Please do not turn the paper over .... ... .................. I tell you to begin.
7. You are to do exactly.. .... ....................... . I say
8. Christina got the job .................... .... ....... she was not well qualified.
9. My mother was mending my socks .......... ..................... . I was doing my homework.
10. ................ .... ..... you have got the highest mark, you will gel the prize.
B.
IF
AS
THAT NOW
THAT
UNLESS
THOUGH
BECAUSE
WHETHER OR NOT
AS SOON AS
WHETHER / IF
1. I will not go on holiday ............. .................... ... you come with me.
2. I don't know ..................... .................... Patricia will be able to come to the party tomorrow.
374
3. They discovered .................. .. .... . many of the old beliefs are lies.
4. ....
.................... ... . I was crossing the road, I was nearly knocked down by a car.
5. The film was good, but the ending was a bit of a disappointment, .........
6. .................
7. She turned the volume up .... .. .................... .... she couldn't hear properly.
8. ........................... ... .....John got home, he put on his slippers and started reading the paper.
9. Caroline may pass the exam........... ...
10. ......
C. AS
SINCE
WHEREVER
UNLESS
IMMEDIATELY
WHETHER
ON CONDITION
UNTIL
THAT FOR
1. I will lend you the money . ..... .. ..................... you give it back on Sunday
2. Peter has given up sailing ..... ... .................... ... he doesn't have enough money.
3. Dont disturb me ........... ... .. ................. it is something urgent.
4. ........ ......
..
..
..
..
................. .....
.............
............
...
......... ..
... ............
... .. ............
.................... ....
............
... ............
...
CAN'T
COULD
COULDN'T
376
AM ABLE TO
AM NOT ABLE TO
ARE ABLE TO
AREN'T ABEE TO
IS ABEE TO
ISN'T ABEE TO
WAS ABEE TO
WASN'T ABLE TO
WERE ABEE TO
WEREN'T ABLE TO
WILL BE ABLE TO
WON'T BE ABLE TO
WOULD BE ABEE TO
WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO
1. I don't think we . ....... .... ... ... ..... . ..... travel to Mars before 2025.
2. My daughter.. .
... ... .. .. .......... .. swim when she was five years old.
..
.... . .
.. ...
..
...
........ .....
..
... .....
... ...
..
be very dangerous.
11. I .............. ..... ..... ... ........... play the guitar when I was seven.
12. She was such a clever child that she ..........
13. I ...
.... ... ...... ............. save the drowning child if you had nut helped me.
..
..... ...... .
.. . ...........
. .................
18. He.....
.................. ... ..
..
..
..
be very dangerous.
21. My father .................... .. ... .. speak three languages when he was thirty years old.
22. We
.. ................ . ... watch the match last night because there was no electricity in the area.
23. Two of the engines stopped, but the experienced pilot .... ...................
24. We...
.... ....................walk across the street when the lights are red.
well.
26. She told me her name, but I .... ... .. .......... .... remember it now.
377
+ TO DO SOMETHING
MANAGE
+ TO DO SOMETHING
SUCCEED IN +
DOING SOMETHING
...
.. .... ...
... ...
.. ...
... ... ..
...
2. a. The prisoner was able to jump over the high wall just before the guardians arrived.
b. ..
... ... ... .... ... ..... ........................... .......................... ... ... ... ..
... ....
...................................... ......
....
........
3. a. Was the driver able to stop at the red light when you signalled to him?
b.
c.
...
.. .. ...... ..
.....
...
..
.. ... ...
....................................
..
.............
..
..
..
.
...
?
.
4. a. The firemen were not able to put the fire on within half an hour.
b. ............. ........... ..
c. .....
... .
..
.. .. .. .. .....
..
..
... ....
.....
5. a. Was the mechanic able to repair the car in a very short time?
b. ... .... .. . .................. .... .......................................... .....
c. ...
.... ... .. ..
..
..
..
... ..
...
... .....
?
6. a. The man was not able to save the drowning boy.
b. ............... .......... .... .. .. ... ..
..
..
..
.... .
... ...
..
.... ...
..
.. .......
...... ...........
7. a. Were you able to reach the top of the mountain before the sun set?
b. ....... ........ .. ... ........ .. ............................................................. ..
c. .
...
..
..
....
.. .. .... ...
.....
.....?
... . ... ?
8. a. Was your sister able to make a speech at the meeting last night?
b. ..
.... ..... ..... ... ............ ..................... ....... .. .. .... ... ... .. ... .. .. ... ...
c. ...
... ..
..
9. a. The children were not able to find the address of your house.
378
..
..
?
.. ... ?
b. ........................ ... ..... ... .. ... .... .... ... .. .... ... ... ...
.. ... .... ..
.. ... .. ..
...
10. a. My parents were able to get to the cinema just before the clock struck seven.
b. ............. ............. .......
... ...
..
...
..
... ..
..
... .. .... ..
...
Example :
HAVE TO
DON'T HAVE TO
HAS TO
DOESN'T HAVE TO
HAD TO
DIDN'T HAVE TO
WILL HAVE TO
WON'T HAVE TO
WOULD HAVE TO
WOULDN'T HAVE TO
..
..
I will leave the party early because I have to stud}' for my exam.
I got up early this morning because I............ do my homework.
I got up early this morning because I had to do my homework.
I will stay up late tonight because I ............................. go to work tomorrow.
I will stay up late tonight because I don't have to go to work tomorrow
I stayed up late last night because I .......... .... .. 10 go to work on Saturday.
I stayed up late last night because I didn't have to go to work on Saturday
1)
2)
They..... ..... .... ... ......... be here at ten o'clock because the meeting starts early.
3)
When 1 arrive home, I ........................ .... .. explain the reason why 1 was late for school.
4)
5)
I ....
6)
What time did you.. .... ... .. ..... .. gel up this morning?
7)
Susan ..... .. .... .. do her homework ever}' day but she ... .....
8)
9)
......
.... .. .................. lend him any money when you were at the boarding school?
16) The child .............. ......... ... understand the meaning of poverty, I think.
17) We .... .......... ... .... do the shopping when our mother was ill.
18) We have got plenty of space in the new building, so your father................spare an office any more.
19) You
.... .... .. .. ...... wear your safety belts when you are driving.
PLAIN INFINITIVE
DIDN'T USE TO
PLAIN INFINITIVE
NEVER USED TO
PLAIN INFINITIVE
THERE USED TO
BE
BE
Example:
.. ...
..
...
..
..
.. . ..
...
My mother is not happy now, but she used to be happy when she was in Paris.
I go to the cinema often, but I ...
... . ......................................................... ..
.. ... ..
I go to the cinema often, but I didn't use to go to the cinema when I was young.
I go to the theatre often, but...
...
...........
. ...
1 go to the theatre often, but I never used to go to the theatre when I was young.
There is not a theatre in the city now, but.......... ..... .... ... . .........................
... ... ..
There is not a theatre in the city now. but there used to be one sixty years ago.
There is a mosque in the village, but.
...
..................
There is a mosque in the village, but there didn't use to be one forty years ago.
Julia is very fat now, but she. ... ..
... .... ..
...
.. . ..
..
..
Jane doesn't have a car now, but she ... .............. .. ... ..... ...
..
There is not a mosque near the hospital, but there ..... .... ... ... ..
They don't live in luxury now, but they
.... ...
... .......................
.. ...
...
...
. .. .
.... ...
..
...
... ....
They don't have a dog any more, but they ........ ... .... ... ................
My daughter isn't very shy now, but she .. ..............
..
....
..
...
..
... ...
...........
My father doesn't drink beer any more, but he .... ....... ..... ..... ....
There is not a sheriff in our town now, but there ....
.. .. ...............
....
..
..
.........
There is a cemetery in the heart of the city, but there .... ... ...
I don't take my dog for a walk any more, but I .......... .... ... ...
There is not a swimming pool in this area, but there ......................
EXERCISE 283
Complete the following sentences with "must" or "mustn't" to express "Obligation", "Necessity" or
"Prohibition" in (he present or future, to give opinions about something or to make an invitation.
Example :
You.. ....... ..... .. .. play loud music early in the morning. Your neighbours will get angry.
You ....... ... .... .. wear jeans if you are going for an interview tomorrow.
The doctor said to the patient, "You ... ... ... ... stay in bed and you .... ... ... ... eat fatty foods".
You ....
... ... . .... cross (he street when the light is red.
You..... .... ..... - forget to write and thank them for their hospitality.
I............................. gel a pair of new shoes; my old ones are worn out.
381
I don't want anybody to know that. You ...... ............. . tell anyone what 1 told you.
You ...... ... .... .. stand up when the teacher comes into the classroom.
The little girl..
Your father is too fat. He ....... ......... ... eat too much bread or drink alcohol.
You.... .... ..... .. talk to everybody politely.
You ........... ..... ..... have a lot of money; otherwise, you can't think of living in Paris.
You .
..... ......... go and see the new Spielberg film. It is wonderful, indeed.
You
....
.. ..... .. make too much noise or you will wake the baby.
PLAIN INFINITIVE
.... be an Indian.
382
. .. .... be someone in the house; there is smoke coming from the chimney.
..
....
be strangers.
You haven't stopped yawning for the past twenty minutes, Janet . You .............. .... . be tired.
I had difficulty in starting the car. There .
I hear your daughter has got a really good job. You .... ...
..
Your father has been off work for five weeks. He ... .....
We have just started working. You .
be very ill.
..
..
be very rich.
Your father has been running since the sun rose. He .... ............ be very tired.
It is twelve o'clock and Vince is not answering the phone; he..
You look just like Jackie; you ...
..
.. be out.
If you feel like swimming another mile, you ............ .... .be tired.
By my watch it is live o'clock, but if that is the 6 o'clock news, my watch .. ... ..
be slow.
You know lots of things about English grammar. Then you ... . .. .... be an English teacher.
Angela writes a lot of letters to her friends. She.
..
The teacher ..... ... beat home. No, he ... ... be at home because I saw him in the staff room five minutes ago.
A lot of people travel by plane, so flying
The child cannot buy even a loaf of bread. He ... .............. be very poor.
You..... ... ...
+
+
HAVE
HAVE
PAST PARTICIPLE
PAST PARTICIPLE
1. A: Did your sister slop eating chocolates when she got Fat?
B: _______________________________________________________________
2. A: Did your father get up early this morning?
B: _______________________________________________________________
3. A: Did your son work hard when he was at school?
B: _______________________________________________________________
4. A: Did Helga help her mother in the kitchen last night?
B: _______________________________________________________________
5. A: Did you do all the exercises correctly?
B: _______________________________________________________________
6. A: Did your father telephone you last night?
B: _______________________________________________________________
7. A: Did your father save all his money to buy a new car?
B: _______________________________________________________________
8. A: Did you introduce your girlfriend to your parents last week?
B: _______________________________________________________________
9. A: Did your friend become a doctor like his father?
B: _______________________________________________________________
10. A: Did your gardener water all the flowers yesterday?
B: _______________________________________________________________
11. A: Did you warn your children about the dangers of the safari?
B: _______________________________________________________________
12. A: Did you apologize to your teacher for what you had done?
B: _______________________________________________________________
13. A: Did you learn Arabic when you were in Saudi Arabia?
B: _______________________________________________________________
14. A: Did you write the tellers in English?
B: _______________________________________________________________
15. A: Did you sleep with all the windows closed last night?
384
B: _______________________________________________________________
Example :
MUST
HAVE
PAST PARTICIPLE
CAN'T
HAVE
PAST PARTICIPLE
B: it______________________ been open. I had locked it myself and the key was in my pocket.
13. A: Do you know why Gilda is walking to work?
B: She ______________________ missed the bus again.
14- A: Anita went to sleep in the park and when she woke up her purse had vanished.
B: Someone ______________________ stolen it when she was asleep.
15. A: 1 cannot find my wallet. Did I leave it at home, I wonder?
B: Well, if you cannot find your wallet, you ______________________ left it on the bus.
Example:
MUST
CAN'T
HAVE
HAVE
+
+
PAST PARTICIPLE
PARTICIPLE
386
+ HAVE
+
HAVE
PAST PARTICIPLE
+
PAST PARTICIPLE
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
12. A: Romeo jumped into The take although he didn't know how to swim.
B: He ___________________________________________________________________
13. A: My father drove the ear after taking four sleeping pills.
B: He ___________________________________________________________________
14. A: My sister is upset because you didnt write her a letter .
B: I am sorry, I
___________________________________________________________________
13. A: My father was very furious, because the children had not gone to bed in time.
B: The children ___________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 289
PREPOSITIONS (1)
IN
AT
OF
WITH
TO
ABOUT
FOR
FROM
... .... ..... his great surprise, he won the first prize.
The prisoners were .. .. ....... the mercy ................. the ruthless guardians.
George is a very mean person. He finds it difficult to part.
The man was found guilty ...... ... .. murder.
..... .... first I thought he was very rude, but now 1 like him.
388
The soldier was presented .... .. .. a gold medal after the war.
I will go to Canada ........... ...good and I will never comeback again.
I would like to apologize .................... you .. .... ..... what I said.
The teacher is always complaining .......... ... the parents
...... ......Miami.
IN
WITH
OF
AT
TO
FOR
OVER
ABOUT
FROM
Have you found the solution . ..... ... .... . the problem?
He is a very big boy ........................ his age.
All the trees in our garden are now .................... .blossom.
389
He had a strange expression. ............... his face when he said that he loved me.
I haven't got much talent.......... ... .music.
We are ..................... favour.... .. .............. this reform.
Are you married .... ... ......... Gilda?
I always try to be patient.......... ...
.. my students.
. an unripe one.
the class.
FOR
TO
WITH
FROM
We will go .. ...
!N
ABOUT
INTO
BY
AGAINST
ON
OVER
..
. time.
....
this point.
... ...
..
We have not heard .. .. .......... Wendy ..... .... .... a long time.
I would like to thank everyone ... ..
.... ..
their food.
..
a beautiful lady.
..
..
.. a fight.
.. red.
.. my English teacher.
..
. ....... him.
ON
BEHIND
AROUND
IN
UNDER
BETWEEN
BELOW
AMONG
4. She is
ABOVE
.... . the kitchen helping her mother.... ..... ........ the moment
.........
...
......... Samsun?
..
Saturday.
the trial.
12. This painting looks nice ... ... ...... this wall.
13. Living together without getting married is increasingly common . ....
14. The Mississippi River is the longest river ........... ..
15. We ran into Carol
... ..
21. When the train arrived .. ............ the station, we bought a newspaper.
22. The visitors are sitting
23. A light started
24. I am looking .....
......... ..
...the board.
25. We didn't see you ............ ... ... the party last night.
26. We had breakfast ........... ..... ... the garden this morning.
392
.. ... .. Ankara.
29. Samsun and Ordu are . .. .... ..... the Black Sea.
30. Kars is ........ .... .. the eastern part of Turkey, isn't it?
31. The burglar heard a noise coming from upstairs, so he hid ..... ........
the curtains.
32. Some politicians walked ...... ... ... the crowds, shaking hands with the people.
33. The plane took off and was soon flying ..... ........ die clouds.
34. She has beautiful works of art all .........
35. The temperature is
FROM
IN
ABOUT
AT
FOR
TO
WITH
1. That is very kind ............. ... .. you To show me the way to the hospital.
2. I am proud ........ ..
..
..
... .. mice.
10. Why are you angry .............. .. .. me? Have I said something wrong?
11. My sister is very bad .. .. ... . ... tennis.
12. The teacher is very kind .... ... ........... her students.
13. Rose was absent...... ............class yesterday
14- She was annoyed ... ... .. .. what she heard.
15. Are you ashamed ................. ..your parents?
16. I am not really concerned .... .. ...
..
ON
UNTIL
IN
FOR
DURING
TO
SINCE
AFTER
BEFORE
..
.. Christmas.
FROM
..
. ............
August.
.. 1969.
.. .. ten minutes.
9. We ran into Paul.. .. ..... ........ the early hours of the morning.
10. .... ............... ... Friday morning we left Istanbul . ........
.... Hamburg.
dawn.
394
16. .........
..
17. They took rests .. .... ............... work every three hours.
18. .. ........................ which century was Beethoven born ?
19. She has been married ................ ... Frank ....... .... ... ten years.
20. Do you have snow ........... ..... your country ...
21. She burst into tears ..
... ...
.. the winter?
.................... 1981.
I'OR
TO FROM
ON
IN
SINCE
UNTIL
Japan.
2. I saw a shadow .. .... .. ... my left when I got out of the house.
3. I get up
. ....
. six o'clock
..
the morning.
.. ..
God.
.years
.. 15 Royal Street.
..
a train crash.
395
. my friend.
14. Their names were not ..... ............... . the passenger list.
15. What do you wish ... .... .... your birthday?
16. There were some people .. .. ....... the queue..
17. I was introduced ... .. ..
18. Bursa is famous .
...
front....
..
.. me.
..
the plane?
...
..
..1999.
..
a table.
30. This old church dates .. .. ... ... the twelfth century.
31. The children stayed awake ..................... midnight.
32. ..
..
..
Rose's project.
EXERCISE 296
PREPOSITIONS (8)
BY
AT
WITH
LIKE
FOR
OF
ON
OFF
INTO
FROM
1.
... bus.
2.
OUT OF
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
. Atatrk.
.foot.
..
11. His wound was treated ............. ...... . the new ointment.
12. Rebecca and Mandy are armed ..... .... ..
.. spears.
.. .
..
her parents.
..
....
the manager........
.. person.
17. Some sweets must be saved.. .... ... ..... the children.
18. The car was
.. gambling.
..
. . the hotel.
the shelf.
..
33. She came ... ... ..... the room and all the students stood up.
34. Put all the books .... .. .... .. the table, will you?
35. We stopped ..... .... .. .. the traffic lights.
EXERCISE 297
PREPOSITIONS (9)
397
WITH
OF
AT
OFF
FOR
IN ON
TO
..business?
.. seven crimes.
.. the judge.
....
her friends.
.. .me.
9. The storm resulted .... .. ............. the deaths of over fifty people.
10. The manager look several phone calls
...
............ my interview.
11. He is ....... .... ........ the impression that you love him.
12. .. ....
..
15. Strawberries are ... .... ... ...... season at the moment, so they are very expensive.
16. 1 have heard this song so many limes that I know it .........
17. i am afraid that these jumpers are ........ .
18. The natives are armed .. ...........
19. I am tired ..... .. ..
..
.... heart.
spears.
20. I will go to Japan ... ............... good. I will never come back again.
21. We inflated the balloon ................ ..gas.
22. The mixture consists .. ... ........... soda and time.
23. They insisted ..... .... .......... our staying for lunch.
24. I am ashamed ....... .... .. .. my son's behaviour.
25. He showed great attention .. ............... his work.
26. My sister always puts the blame ....
............... me.
his appearance,
28. The dog shows great affection .... .............. his master.
29. The boy was afraid .. .. . the dog, so he couldn't enter the garden.
399
... five.
34. I am going to stay here ............ ..... .. the end of the month.
35. I don't think you dropped the vase...............
...
...... herself.
... her great help.
..
12. If I give you the information, what will you give me ....
13. I ran for the bus, and now I am .....
14. I will wait .. ................. you . ..
... ...
..
........... return?
breath.
..fail.
17. We need to decide who is going to be ....... ...... ..... the committee.
18. This car runs. ...
19. The football match starts .. .... ... . three o'clock .. .... ....... . Saturday.
20. There has been a rise
..
..
Turkey.
21. The difference .... .... .. . you and me is that I dont mind hard work.
22. I am having trouble .... .............. my car these days.
23. .... ..... ... the exam, Robert began to feel unwell, so the teacher sent me out.
400
24. I was
...... ............. the impression that you like football, but I was wrong.
.......
28. I fell in love .. .. ... ..... her the moment I saw her.
29. The car crashed
.... flames.
..
. a holiday.
...
ages.
..
Hnglish7
..
...
presents.
7. Pamela lay .............. ... .. the sun and then swam ....... ..... . the sea.
8. Steve often stays . ................. the office ..
9. She is going to the cinema with a friend
.. ... 5 o'clock.
............... hers.
10. The car has run . ... ... .. petrol, so we cannot go anywhere.
11. Have you seen our English teacher. ......
..
..... ......fog.
15. She knocked ... ..... ..... the door to wake me up.
16. Candidly speaking, I prefer Paris ... ... ... . London.
17. The roof............
..
bad condition.
401
....
19. We ran into a friend .. ... .... ... yours in the street yesterday.
20. A plane carrying 28 passengers crashed .......... ...
21. lam.... ...
a farm?
Ankara?
your problem?
36. I think the manufacturer wants .. ............... .. some amendments to the contract.
37. I hope... .... .......... .. a lot of skin diving on holiday.
38. They can... .. ............. holiday bookings very quickly by means of computers.
39. He didn't get the job because he ........
44. Scarcely had the plane taken oil when the pilot had to .. .... ............... a forced landing.
45. When did you learn ....... ... ........... up your own shoe-laces?
46. ...
........
.. . to my car.
402
........
53. You had better .. ....... .... ....... your chores properly.
54. Without further apology, he .........
55. I told the secretary. ........ ...
56. A change of job will.. ... ........... ..... you good, I suppose.
57. What are those clothes .. ............. ..
.. on the floor?
73.
Have you ..
.. ..
74.
75.
What have you .................... .... ..with your bicycle? -I have put it in the yard.
76.
77.
78.
79.
He had .... .. .... ...... up his mind Lobe a doctor when he joined the navy.
80.
..
properly
6. My brother... .. ...... .. .... from the chair to greet the lady when he saw her.
7. New factories have ................................... on the edge of the town recently.
8. The price of bread has ....................... .. sharply recently.
9. We ......... ....................... the sunken ship to the surface of the sea the other day.
10. The River Rhine ....... .... .. .... ... in Switzerland.
11. They
18. She .................................. her finger to her lips as a sign lot silence when I started to cry.
19. The man ....................... ..... the fallen child to his feel when I went there.
20. I can not... .. ... .... ... because of my broken leg.
21. My mother ................. ................. the lid of the box a few minutes ago.
22. My spirits.. ..... ... .... .... when I heard the good news.
23. The moon has not............................... yet.
24. My joke ..................................... a blush on the young girl's cheeks.
25. I will.............. ... .... a protest at the meeting if I go there.
26. He looked as if he had .... ..................... from the grave.
27. The quarrel... ..... ................... out of a misunderstanding last night.
28. They ....... ................ ... wheat and barley in this region.
29. The flood ... .. ..... .. ... three meters yesterday.
30. The man ...... .... ... .... ... his hat to the lady before he entered the house.
31. The teacher's voice .......................... ........ in anger when I made a mistake.
32. The mercury in the barometer has .. ...
..
..... .again.
33. He ................................. his eyebrows in surprise when he saw me cheating in the exam.
34. They ................................. no objection when I suggested going to the cinema.
35- His jokes barely ........... ............ a smile at the meeting yesterday.
36. The slaves... ... ..... .... .. against their cruel master last week.
37. We will have to put off making a decision because a problem has .. ..... .... .. ....
38. ............. ................... your hand if you want to ask me a question.
39. You are not aware of the problems that............. ........ .... from rushing things too much.
40. Don't worry, 1 am going to .... ..... ... .... your salary.
41. Everyone .... .. .................. to their feel when the judge entered the courtroom.
404
42. The treasure was................................ to the surface by the divers last Saturday
43. Since the new equipment was installed, productivity has. ..... .................. considerably.
44. The hot air balloon.. .... ... ..... ..... quickly into the sky.
45. The misunderstanding has ......................... ... from the wording of the letter.
46. An argument........ ... ... ... over the bill last night
47. A storm ... ............................ after midnight last night.
48. They ... .... .. ...
..
.. .......... politics.
19. Il........ ..... .... ... in the instructions that you should shake it very well.
20. Please ................... ..me what you want.
21. Dilek
............... ...
... no.
22. In their house it is Lora who wears the trousers, so .... ................ .
23. I don't understand what he ............ .... ....about.
24. That parrot.......... ..... ... ..... all day long.
25. My friend ..
27. Il goes without .... .. .................. that our plans depend on the weather.
28. Can you .. .. .......... ...... me how I can get to the airport from here?
29. I ..
30. . ............... . your plans tail; then what will you do?
31. She ................. .
..
...goodbye.
22. The Republicans are .. ... .... ..... ...... ground in the Southern States.
23. It is very difficult ... ...................... access to the office of the Prime Minister.
24. Which year was it that Italy .......... ... ... .... the World Cup?
25. This is the third medal she has ..... ... ............... this season.
26. If this government.... .. ........... the next election, I am leaving the country.
27. I think you have. ... .. .............. that argument, Peter.
28. What do you hope ........................... ..... from the course?
E. LIE/LAY:
1. If you are tired, you had better go and .....
2. The dog ... ...................... on the back beat of the car when the accident happened.
3. The maid ................................ the table at the moment.
4. Our hens .........
5. I..........
6. The man has been ..... .. .. ..... .... in prison for ten years.
7. A curse ................ always ..... .... on that family for years.
8. He said that he had never been there, but apparently he ........ .................. .......
9. A new submarine cable .....................
10.
11.
12.
13.
.. .... .. ....
17. They .... ... .... ....... the wounded woman down on the grass.
18. This workman is able ... ............. .. bricks very quickly.
19. She ..................................... a heavy burden on my shoulders saying that I would look after the children.
20. His body .... ........ .... ... in the graveyard of" this town.
21. I read anything 1 can
26. These discussions have .................. ...... .... the foundation for a change of policy.
27. ...... ....
28. She always ... .... ....... ...... about her age, so no one knows how old she really is.
29. They are ... ..... ... .... ... new telephone lines. That's why, the road is closed.
30. As he had been warned that bad weather ... .... ....... ahead, he changed course.
31. I...... ..............
32. These books ..... ..... ..... ....... . on the table for a long time.
33. She ........ ... ... .. great emphasis on good manners,
34. The scene of the story is .. ... .... .... .... in Ankara.
35. Will you please . .... .. .... .... aside that book for me?
36. I am awfully sorry that I .......................... ...... to you last night.
37. They have. ..... .. .... .. . all the facts of the case before me.
38. She was .................................. dead on the floor when the police arrived,
39. The problem ..... .... ............... with him, not with me. I haven't got any problems at all.
40. Don't .... .... .... ..
...
..
...... .
.. ... ........
..
.. .......... .
..
.. ................
..
..
... ......... ,.
..
...... . - -
.... ...
...
........................
... ..
..... ...........
.......... ......................
5. If a new bridge is not built, the traffic problem will get worse.
Unless ...........
..
.. . .......... ... .
..
..
.........
..
..
..
.....
................. .. ..
.. ...
.. .....................
..
...
..
... ..
.. ....................... .
.............................. .. ...
.. .
9. They have already banned lorries from the centre of some cities.
Lorries....................... .
.....
..
.. ... ..
....................... ..
..
...
..
..
..
..
........ .....
.. ... .. ............
...
..
..........................
...................
.. .. ...
.. . ............................ ...
.... ....
.. .
13. The super jet flew from London to New York in only two hours.
It only look .................. .... ...
...................
.............. .
..
.... ...
..
....
..... ...
...
- - ...............
32. A lot of people say that sugar is bad for old people.
Sugar .......................................... .. .... ... ..... ..... ........... ....... ...... .... ...........................
33. Lucy asked me if I had always smoked so much.
Lucy said to ...... ....... ............. .... .... ..... ................................................................
34. Nobody can answer the question.
The question ............................................... .... ..... ..... ...... ..... ............ ..... .......
35. We won't go to the seaside unless the weather improves.
If............ .... .......... ... ..... ... .. ..... ........ ... ................................................ .............
36. It was such an interesting film chat we saw it twice.
The film ... ... .... .. ... .. ..
......
.. ..
.. ...
.....
................ .....
....
...
.. .. . ......................... . .
..
...
..
.... ...
..
...
..
..
......
..
..
..
..
..
...... ..
Complete or combine each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence
printed before it
Example :
George doesn't swim as well as Harry (does). Harry.. ..... .... .... ..........
Harry swims better than George (does).
1. They are making plans for a new bridge over the river.
Plans.................... .......... .......... .............. .......
..
.. ...
- ... ...
..
..
..
..
..
..
... ...
..
..
...
.... ...
..
..
.. .
..
..
. ......................
... .. .....
....
......... ....
.. ...
.......
..
. .
..
.. .... .. ....
.....
13. I advise you to pay the bill before the end of the month.
You had..
.. ... .. .......
.....
...
. .
............ ..
..
.. ..
16. Nobody has opened this old book for over a hundred years.
This old book
....
..
... ....
412
......
.... ..
..
..
..
..
______________________________________
35. The map is so complicated that you can easily lose your way.
It is such______________________________________
.. ...............
....
....
..
.. ..
.. .
If my father had not encouraged me, I wouldn't have applied for the job.
1. It is not necessary for me to go to the wedding because I am not a relation.
I need not ______________________________________
2. I expect you are pleased about your daughter's new job.
"You must ______________________________________
3. Even though he had a pleasant manner, he isn't a good doctor.
In spite ______________________________________
4. Tourists keep corning despite the terrible weather.
Although______________________________________
5. I am on the point of" losing my temper.
I am about______________________________________
6. Many teachers prefer going on a holiday in the summer to working for extra money.
Many teachers would rather ______________________________________
7. I really must go to the dentist.
It is time I ______________________________________
8. It is too cold to go outside without a coat.
It isn't ______________________________________
9. " If I were you, 1 would look for a new job, "said Bill.
Bill advised ______________________________________
10. Kate wished she had not spent so much time in London.
414
We must not allow the fire to spread to the other buildings, (prevent)
............... ....
.....
..
........
...
..
..........what happened.
... ...living.
..
.................
..
The students
... .....
8. The players did their best, so the manager thanked them, (for)
The manager .. ...................... ... ...
a couple of years.
10. When did you last see your English teacher? (since)
How....
...
..
11. My father said to me, "Did you enjoy the party?" (enjoyed)
My father asked me ..
... .. ..
.. .. ... .............
....
. in Paris now.
14. Don't try to phone the station because the line is engaged now. (good)
It is................... ... .. ........................ .... .. phone the station because the line is engaged now.
15. When did your sister get married? (ago)
How........... ....... ........................ .... ............... .. ..
..
..
at the weekend?
..
..
.. ...
..
..
...
..
...
.. vote.
..
..
..
..
..
.... football.
21. Please give me your support at the meeting this afternoon, (up)
I would like you ... ... ... .. .... ..
..
..
23. I think Tutankhamun was possibly murdered by a member of his own family, (may)
Tulankhamun's murderer .. .. .... .... .... ..... ....
.... ...
family.
24. Whose wallet is this? (belong)
Who.. .................................................................... ......................... .. to?
416
..
......
26. Despite leaving home early, we missed the beginning of the film, (although)
We missed the beginning of the film...
..
.... ...
28. "Could you please tell me the time?" Kelly said to me.
Kelly asked............................................................................................................................
29. "Paul, why don't you goby plane?" Hilda said.
Hilda suggested to Paul.... .. .. .... ... ..
30. "You must go to a pub when you go to England", the teacher said to the students.
The teacher recommended.............................................................................................................................
1. Which ......... .. ........ ... .... agency do you work for? (advertise)
2. She was so. .......... ........ .. .. with her work that she decided to quit her job. (bore)
3. It was an act of. ...... .. ......... to jump into the river and save the boy. (hero)
417
8. There was no ... ...... ... .. ........... that Jack was the murderer, (prove)
9. Tony always phones at the most......
10. The pharmacist couldn't read the prescription because the doctors handwriting was .......(legible)
11. Playing cards is not a very . ... ........ ..........way to spend your time, (produce)
12. Leading ....................... are predicting that inflation will rise to over 70 percent by the end of the
year, (economy)
13. Only one applicant for the post had the necessary .......... .......... ... ... (qualify)
14. There can be no
15. Mark felt. ......... ...................... when circumstances forced him to tell a lie. (anxious)
16. The investigators completed the job with great. ..
........
.... .. ...(efficient)
26. Their ..... .......... ... ......... lasted for filly years, (friend)
27. Her face was so white that she looked quite ......
28. This magazine is about the latest ....... .... ............. .. discoveries, (science)
29. This organization helps ex-prisoners find ...... ...
30. The... ............ ................
..........
... (employ)
31. Don't wear that dress. It isn't........... .......... ........ for a wedding, (suit)
32. Twelve people, ............... ................ six police officers, were taken to hospital, (include)
33. Whoever designed this shopping centre was very ......... .. .......... ....(imagine)
418
2. His sudden ........................... ............ in a car accident was a great shock to his family, (die)
3. The door locks itself............................................. it anyone ouches it (automatic)
4. .... ......................... .... is a legal and moral contract between two people, (marry)
5. If he has any .......................with the Mafia, he has to resign immediately, (connect)
6. Failing in the exam was a great.................for my brother, (disappoint)
7. He seemed to be ..................................., but in reality he was only after her money (friend)
8. In his ... ..
..............
10. After the death other parents, Helen was brought up in an ...............(orphan)
11. There is always a ...................... ... of fresh vegetables at this time of the year, (scarce)
12. There is no need to be frightened of the dog. He is quite. .
13. We were lucky to get tickets for the first ..
14. Have you measured the .... .... ........ ...
15. Don't show any sign of...... ... ..... .... ...
...
..
... ...
.. ..(harm)
16. A dictionary can be very .... ....................... when you are learning a foreign language, (use)
17. Hande has got some ..... ....................................problems, I think, (psychology)
18. It was a cold . .. ........... ................. day when we got married, (winter)
19. Nobody can understand the....................................of American people, (mental)
20. I hope I didnt hurt your .. .... ... ... .. ....when I said that, (feel)
21. I am dying of...... ....... .... ........... ..., mother! (hungry)
22. When will the ... ... ... ..
23. They announced their ........... .. ...... ... at the party, (engage)
24. Helena felt a strong ..... ............ ....... .... .. to john. (attract)
25. She is always .......... ................................ dressed, (beautiful)
26. I am very much .............. ...................... to meet you. (please)
27. We had a very. .. ... .. .. ..
. holiday, (enjoy)
.. .. .. .. .. .
29. As there wasn't enough rain this winter, there may be water ... ............. ..... (short)
30. People who live in big cities suffer from .. ...
31. .......................................... between the two families was quite obvious, (hostile)
32. I try not to buy .........
......... ....
.. ... ... and finish your school before getting married, (advise)
Her...... ......... .... .... is gelling worse and worse. She is afraid to speak to anybody, (shy)
You should read the .. .. .. ,. .........
...........
They finally reached an........ ..... ......... . on the price of the house, (agree)
She inspired me to be more ............. .............. with my own cooking, (invent)
The people here are very kind and........ .. .... ................ to strangers, (help)
Have you noticed the .. .. ............ .. ... of these two words? (similar)
He is under a lot of... ............... ........ at work, (press)
What caused the ............. .. ...... of the stadium? (destroy)
The government is searching for a .........
........
In Turkey, general .... ............ ......... are held every five years, (elect)
After the children went back to school, the house was .... ............. ........... quiet, (compare)
.. . ......... .... ... people find it easy to produce new and original ideas, (create)
The audience was/were
......... ..
..(extinct)
The bloodstain on her dress was very ... ............. ... .....(notice)
These strikes are a great..... ................. ...... to the country's economic recovery, (hinder)
The government wants big industries to be run with greater .......... .............. (efficient)
What can we do to reduce the ..
Don't be so. ... ................ ......! You have already eaten enough, (greed)
Millions of people are threatened with... ...... ...
. ....... .(starve)
Many of the gases produced by factories are .......... .... ........... to our health, (harm)
Protecting the environment is essential to our . .... ..........
Many countries must try and control the ..
.... ...... ..
........ (survive)
.. of the pollution, (grow)
. (proper)
420
..
...
? (pilgrim)
...
.... ..
..
....
..
..(occupy)
.... (fail)
The soldier was accused of ... ....... . . .. because he ran away (coward)
...
..
... ...
.... . (lonely)
10. You have made a lot of mistakes. You are too .... .... ..... ...... .(care)
11. A dog will always be .... ........ ..... ..... .. to you if you treat it well, (faith)
12. Arnold is very tall and ........................................ ..
13. Unfortunately, your illness is
.... .(muscle)
14. I cannot put up with his .... ..... ..... .... ... ...
....
....(cure)
15. People don't like this place although the prices are ............................................ (reason)
16. I was surprised at the ............................................. of everything in the supermarket, (cheap)
17. The war came to an end, to the. ..... ..... ..... ....... .... . of everybody. (satisfy)
18. If you don't stand up to this man, he will abuse you .................................................. (merciful)
19. William Tell stands for the .............................................. spirit of the Swiss people, (hero)
20. Napoleon made no secret of his. .. ... ... ..... .... .. for England, (hate)
421
21. It is not very ......... ........ ..... ... ... of you to stay up so late, (sense)
22. She noticed my .......... ... .. .... .... ... and smiled at me. (hesitate)
23. I am telling you this in .. ...................................... (confident)
24. She will never part with her precious .............. .. ....
..
....(possess)
25. The man looked so ..................... .......... .... and honest that 1 was deceived, (respect)
26. He lived under the .. ... .... .... ..
27. He is
..
....
...(honest)
..
.. ...
.... ..(relax)
34. The meeting was an .. ..... ........ .. ............. moment for both of them, (emotion)
35. The police have no right to break up .
..
4. He was naturally ... ... .... .... .... ..... , even more sentimental than we thought, (nostalgia)
5. His ....................................... from his grandfather was 10.000 dollars, (inherit)
6. The .... ......... .... ....... number of car crimes is a nationwide problem, (rise)
7. This money will be reserved for. ..... .............................. purposes, (charity)
8. 1 can't help admiring him for his ..... .... ....
9. The rubbing of the strap against the skin caused ... ..... ........................... (irritate)
10. The computer is the greatest........................................ of the 20th century, (invent)
11. What do you do for a .... ................................? (live)
12. There is a terrible famine, so people are dying of ................ .....
....... (starve)
13. If I were in your shoes, I wouldn't behave so . ..... ..... ................... (rude)
14. She must have felt. .. .... ......... .... .... She didn't look me in the eye. (embarrass)
15. You had better describe the ..... ..... ... .... ... ..jewels to the police, (miss)
422
16. Do you know how ................................ ... . this new medical treatment will be? (succeed)
17. The film was so ........... ........................ that I couldn't help laughing, (amuse)
18. A man who has
19. The dim ale is much warmer in the .......................................... part of the country, (south)
20. It is only a ............................................ killer, honey! It won't scratch you. (play)
21. Going to the dentist is often a ... .... ..................... experience, (pain)
22. He cannot sit still for a moment. He is very ..... ..... ....................... (rest)
23. He apologized for his ........................................... (late)
24. I think death penalty is a ............................................ form of punishment, (barbar)
25. Hilda suffered from .. .. .. ................... after her husband's death, (depress)
26. In those days, she was a woman of great .............. ......................... (charming)
27. The police said that it was a ............. ..... ..... ...... offence, (crime)
28. You can feel the ... ... .... .. ...
30. The Government is fighting against all forms of.. .... ...
31. Parents are worried about children's .................... ...
...... .. .....(discriminate)
32. ................ ... ..... .. ...., I won't be able to come to the meeting tonight (fortune)
33. We closed the hotel because it had never been..........................
. (profit)
34. We had a very .................................. ........ day, so we went to bed early, (tire)
35. .... ...... ........ ......., most of the scars on her face have disappeared. (luck)
Complete the uncompleted words in the following sentences with one of the "Prefixes" on the list below.
in -
un -
ir -
mis -
over -
ex -
im -
il -
dis -
inter -
under -
bearable.
4. The boss got angry with me; I must have said something ............appropriate.
5. I have been waiting at the bus-stop for a long time, so I am getting........patient.
6. In Turkey, it is .. ... legal to drive when you are drunk.
7. Such appalling ..........competence is virtually .... .heard in this country.
8. Sometimes there is a great deal of....... ..agreement about what a dream means.
423
.. appointment, though.
19. The man was .. ... qualified because he had been caught cheating.
20. The .......... understanding has arisen from the wording of the letter.
21. The expedition leader ............estimated the width of the river.
22. I am sure she has not done anything. .... legal.
23. It is a very. ... .efficient way of working. We are wasting both time and money.
24. These statistics are hopelessly .....accurate. 1 have found four mistakes already.
25. While the animals are still .........mature, they do not breed.
26. She never does anything we tell her, she is so ....... responsible.
27. If you get the ..... ..city, it is about an hour quicker than the normal train.
28. The problems of poverty, homelessness and unemployment are all ..... connected.
29. There was an.. .. change of ideas after the lecture which was very informative.
30. The doctor said that the victim had taken a drugs .
... dose.
31. Many people oppose the death penalty because of the possibility of. .......carriages of justice.
32. She is full of.. ... chief and always playing tricks on people.
33. The children got rather .... ..excited when they saw their father.
34- ... all situation is good, despite a few minor problems.
35. Turkey, the primary peace-keeper, is .............burdened.
dissatisfied
disconnected
disability
discomfort
distrust
inefficient
misinformed
underestimated
424
inedible
inequalities
disadvantage
unwilling
..... ..... ......... .... him, so I wont lend him any money.
6. You have been ..................................... .., the woman was my sister, not my wife.
7. The bread was a little bit stale, but not............................. .... ....
8. We were trying to change ....................................... . working methods in ihe company
9. The teacher was .... ... ........................... with the student's work.
10. She doesn't retard her blindness as a ...
.....
11. If you want to work in Iraq, it is a ... ................................... not to be able to speak Arabic.
12. She is ...... .......... ..... ... ... to work in these circumstances.
B.
undesirable
unaccustomed
misbehaviour
unfit
unashamed
underdeveloped
unaffected
misunderstood
uncertainty
unaware
unacquainted
irreparable
........ in my school.
4. Most people working here have been .... ..... ..... ... ........... by the changes in company policy.
5. She stood before the accusers, proud and ... ..... ...........................
6. She was .............................................. that her son was having problems at school.
7. She had no idea where her son and the .................. .... .... was upsetting her badly.
8. The European parliament gives grants to help .... ... .... ................ countries in Africa.
9. Some of these drugs have .... ... ... ................ side effects
10. She is ........... ..... ... .... .... for a responsible job.
11. The American soldiers did ................... ...
..
12. We are..... ... ..... ..... ............... with the works of Shakespeare,
425
B.
A.
inaccurate
disadvantage unable
dissatisfied
illogical
improper
impossible
insecure
..
.. ... .. ... ... to be stopped by the inspector when he had left his ticket at home.
6. The new tanks were supposed to be virtually ... .... ... .... ......
7. George was very............. .... ................... with the service at the hotel.
8. She fell into ... .. .... ... .... .. ..with her head of department.
9. He couldnt find it because he was given ..... ...... .... ..... ....
information.
10.
It is.
.... .. ... .. ...... to reach the town; all the roads are blocked.
11.
12.
She is feeling. ....... ... .... ... ...when she is kept in custody.
under developed
under estimated
disappeared
impoliteness
discouraged
inexperienced
unconscious
independent
insufficiently
untimely
misled
miscalculated
.. .. . .. ... ... .. after she was turned down for the job.
... .... ......... . the time it would take to get to the station.
8. Now that she has got a job, Lara is ................................. ..of her parents.
9. If you behave with this sort of .... to your other customers, I don't think you will remain in business long.
10. It is dangerous for an.................. .................. driver to drive a car in the centre of Paris during the rush-hour.
11. His ....... .... ... .. ...
12. Helen failed because she was ... . ... ... .... . ...
426
.. ......... .....
. (order)
... ...............
...
........... (flexible)
6. Her face remained quite ......... .. .... so it was impossible to tell what she thought of my news.(emotion)
7. They gave a big............ .. ......... .... to the foundation for the blind, (donate)
8. She had a reputation for his ... ......................... .. ....(generous)
9. There is doubt about the ........................
13. There was a .................... .... ... .... of technical skill, (short)
14. Whal is the most ..... ... ..........
15. Arthur is a very.........
................ man; sometimes he talks for twenty minutes without stopping, (talk)
16. It was rather .. ... ..... ............... ...... of him to cry when he did badly in the test, (child)
17. He was presented with a gold watch on his ....................... ....
...(retire)
18. The surgeon performed surgery because the woman needed a heart. ......... .. ..
19. She has taken part in several ......... ..............
20. The cardigan is certainly .
... . (transplant)
21. Her ..... .... ......................... from the list of Oscar nominees put her in a foul mood, (exclude)
22. The prisoner had been kept in .... .................
23. In the past,. ... .... .. ............. depended largely on the position of the stars, (navigate)
427
24. Mary always leaves home at eight o'clock but today is an..........
25. They have just moved into anew. ..... ... ................... (neighbour)
PROVERBS/WORDS OF WISDOM
* A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
* Birds of a feather flock together.
* Charity begins at home.
* Every cloud has a silver lining.
* It never rains but it pours.
* A penny saved is a penny earned.
* Honey catches more flies than vinegar
* No news is good news,
* Honesty is the best policy.
* Variety is the spice of life.
* Better late than never.
* Practice makes perfect.
* Once bitten, twice shy.
* Out of the frying pan, into the fire.
* Spare the rod and spoil the child.
* Two wrongs don't make a right.
* He who hesitates is lost.
* Don't put all your eggs in one basket.
* An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
* He who pays the piper calls the tune.
* Experience is the best teacher.
* It is no use crying over spilled milk.
* Let sleeping dogs lie.
428
.....
PROVERBS/WORDS OF WISDOM
* You can't teach an old dog new tricks.
* Where there is a will, there is a way.
* Actions speak louder than words.
* A stitch in time saves nine.
* When the cat is away, the mice will play.
* Give a dog a bad name and hang him.
* The early bird catches the worm.
* An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
* Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
* Don't put off for tomorrow what you can do today.
* A friend in need is a friend indeed.
* Blood is thicker than water.
* Don't make a mountain out of a molehill.
* Too many cooks spoil the broth.
* A rolling stone gathers no moss.
* Out of sight, out of mind.
* Still waters run deep.
429
PROVERBS/WORDS OF WISDOM
* Every cock crows on his own dunghill.
* Coming events cast their shadows before.
* The pen is mightier than a sword.
* Silence is gulden, speech is silver.
* All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
* A trouble shared is a trouble halved.
* East or west home is best.
* Think twice before you say something.
* The roots of education arc bitter but the fruit is .sweet.
* Imagination is more important than knowledge.
* One. who doesn't ask a question remains a fool forever.
430
* Laugh, everybody will laugh with you - weep, nobody will weep with you.
* A little can da a lot.
* Words are loaded pistols.
* Bad news travels just.
* After a storm comes a calm.
* A bad workman always blames his tools.
* There is an exception to every rule.
* Do not fear when your enemies criticise you. Beware when they applaud.
* What you really value is what you miss, not what you have.
* When a man is tired of Istanbul, he is tired of life.
* Laughter is the best medicine.
* Beauty is only shin deep.
* You can fool some of the people all of the time, all of the people some of the time, but you cannot fool all of
the people all of the time.
* Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
* Pride conies before a fall.
* Prevention is better than cure.
* One good turn deserves another
* Nothing succeeds like success.
* Better lose the saddle than the horse.
* Talk of the devil and you will see his hoofs.
* Cleanliness is next to godliness.
IRREGULAR VERBS
Infinitive
Past
Past Participle
abide
abode, abided
abode, abided
arise
arose
arisen
awake
awoke
awaked, awoken
be (am)
was
been
431
be (are)
were
been
be (is)
was
been
bear
bore
borne, born
beat
beat
beaten
become
became
become
befall
befell
befallen
begin
began
begun
behold
beheld
beheld
bend
bent
bent, bended
beseech
besought
besought
bet
bet, betted
bet, betted
betake
betook
betaken
bid
bade, bid
bidden, bid
bind
bound
bound
bite
bit
bitten
bleed
Wed
bled
blend
blended, blent
blended, blent
bless
blessed, blest
blessed, blest
blow
blew
blown
break
broke
broken
breed
bred
bred
bring
brought
brought
broadcast
broadcast, broadcasted
broadcast, broadcasted
build
built
built
burn
burnt, burned
burnt, burned
burst
burst
burst
buy
bought
bought
cast
cast
cast
catch
caught
caught
chide
chided, chid
chided, chid
choose
chose
chosen
cling
clung
clung
come
came
come
cost
cost
cost
creep
crept
crept
cut
cut
cut
dare
dared, durt
dared
432
deal
dealt
dealt
dig
dug
dug
do
did
done
draw
drew
drawn
dream
dreamed, dreamt
dreamed, dreamt
drink
drank
drunk
drive
drove
driven
dwell
dwelt
dwelt
eat
ate
eaten
fall
fell
fallen
feed
fed
fed
[eel
felt
felt
fight
fought
fought
find
found
found
flee
fled
fled
fling
flung
flung
fly
flew
flown
forbid
forbade, forbad
forbidden
Forecast
forecast, forecasted
forecast, forecasted
foresee
foresaw
foreseen
foretell
foretold
foretold
forget
forgot
forgotten
forgive
forgave
forgiven
forsake
forsook
forsaken
freeze
froze
frozen
get
got
got, gotten
gild
guilded, gilt
guilded
give
gave
given
go
went
gone
grind
ground
ground
grow
grew
grown
hang
hung
hung
hang
hanged
hanged
have
had
had
hear
heard
heard
hide
hid
hidden
hit
hi I
hit
433
hold
held
held
hurt
hurl
hurt
keep
kept
kept
kneel
kneeled, knelt
kneeled, knelt
knit
knitted, knit
knitted, knit
know
knew
known
lay
laid
laid
lead
led
led
lean
leant, leaned
leant, leaned
leap
leapt, leaped
leapt, leaped
learn
learnt, learned
learnt, learned
leave
left
left
lend
lent
lent
lie
lay
lain
lie
lied
lied
light
lit, lighted
lit, lighted
lose
lost
lost
make
made
made
mean
meant
meant
meet
met
met
melt
melted
melted, molten
misspell
misspelt
misspelt
mistake
mistook
mistaken
misunderstand
misunderstood
misunderstood
mow
mowed
mown, mowed
outrun
outran
outrun
overcast
overcast
overcast
overcome
overcame
overcome
overhear
overheard
overheard
oversleep
overslept
overslept
overtake
overtook
overtaken
overthrow
overthrew
overthrown
pay
paid
paid
prove
proved
proved, proven
put
put
put
quit.
quitted, quit
quitted, quit
read
read
read
434
relay
relaid
relaid
rend
rent, rended
rent, rended
ride
rode
ridden
ring
rang
rung
run
ran
run
saw
sawed
sawn, sawed
say
said
said
see
saw
seen
seek
sought
sought
sell
sold
sold
send
sent
sent
set
set
set
sew
sewed
sewn, sewed
shake
shook
shaken
shave
shaved
shaved, shaven
shine
shone
shone
shine
shined
shined
shoot
shot
shot
show
showed
shown, showed
shrink
shrank, shrunk
shrunk, shrunken
shut
shut
shut
sing
sang
sung
sink
sank
sunk
sil
sat
sat
slay
slew
slain
sleep
slept
slept
slide
slid
slid
smell
smell, smelled
smelt, smelled
sow
sowed
sown, sowed
speak
spoke
spoken
speed
sped, speeded
spelt, speeded
spell
spell, spelled
spelt, spelled
spend
spent
spent
spill
spilt, spilled
spilt, spilled
spin
spun, span
spun
spit
spat, spit
spat, spit
split
split
split
435
spoil
spoilt, spoiled
spoilt, spoiled
spread
spread
spread
spring
sprang
sprung
stand
stood
stood
steal
stole
stolen
slick
stuck
stuck
-sung
slung
stung
strike
struck
struck
swear
swore
sworn
sweat
sweat, sweated
sweat, sweated
sweep
swept
swept
swell
swelled
swollen, swelled
swim
swam
swum
swing
swung
swung
take
took
taken
leach
taught
taught
tear
tore
torn
tell
told
told
think
thought
thought
throw
threw
thrown
undergo
underwent
undergone
understand
understood
understood
undertake
undertook
undertaken
upset
upset
upset
wake
woke, waked
woken, waked
wear
wore
worn
weave
wove, weaved
woven, weaved
weep
wept
wept
win
won
won
wind
wound
wound
withdraw
withdrew
withdrew
work
worked, wrought
worked, wrought
write
wrote
written
436