> WH<-lm(volume~diameter^2*height)

> summary(WH)
Call:
lm(formula = volume ~ diameter^2 * height)
Residuals:
Min
1Q Median
3Q
Max
-6.5821 -1.0673 0.3026 1.5641 4.6649
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept)
69.39632 23.83575 2.911 0.00713 **
diameter
-5.85585 1.92134 -3.048 0.00511 **
height
-1.29708 0.30984 -4.186 0.00027 ***
diameter:height 0.13465 0.02438 5.524 7.48e-06 ***
--Signif. codes: 0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 . 0.1 1
Residual standard error: 2.709 on 27 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.9756, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9728
F-statistic: 359.3 on 3 and 27 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
> anova(WH)
Analysis of Variance Table

-6

-4

-2

error

Response: volume
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
diameter
1 7581.8 7581.8 1033.469 < 2.2e-16 ***
height
1 102.4 102.4 13.956 0.0008867 ***
diameter:height 1 223.8 223.8 30.512 7.484e-06 ***
Residuals
27 198.1
7.3
--Signif. codes: 0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 . 0.1 1

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

observed

30000

35000

> WH<-lm(volume~height)
> summary(WH)
Call:
lm(formula = volume ~ height)
Residuals:
Min
1Q Median
3Q
Max
-21.274 -9.894 -2.894 12.068 29.852
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) -87.1236 29.2731 -2.976 0.005835 **
height
1.5433
0.3839 4.021 0.000378 ***
--Signif. codes: 0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 . 0.1 1
Residual standard error: 13.4 on 29 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.3579, Adjusted R-squared: 0.3358
F-statistic: 16.16 on 1 and 29 DF, p-value: 0.0003784
> anova(WH)
Analysis of Variance Table

-20

-10

error

10

20

30

Response: volume
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
height
1 2901.2 2901.19 16.165 0.0003784 ***
Residuals 29 5204.9 179.48
--Signif. codes: 0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 . 0.1 1

65

70

75
observed

80

85

> WH<-lm(volume~diameter)
> summary(WH)
Call:
lm(formula = volume ~ diameter)
Residuals:
Min
1Q Median
3Q Max
-8.065 -3.107 0.152 3.495 9.587
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) -36.9435
3.3651 -10.98 7.62e-12 ***
diameter
5.0659
0.2474 20.48 < 2e-16 ***
--Signif. codes: 0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 . 0.1 1
Residual standard error: 4.252 on 29 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.9353, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9331
F-statistic: 419.4 on 1 and 29 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
> anova(WH)
Analysis of Variance Table

0
-5

error

10

Response: volume
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
diameter 1 7581.8 7581.8 419.36 < 2.2e-16 ***
Residuals 29 524.3 18.1
--Signif. codes: 0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 . 0.1 1

10

12

14
observed

16

18

20

> WH<-lm(volume~-1+height)
> summary(WH)
Call:
lm(formula = volume ~ -1 + height)
Residuals:
Min
1Q Median
3Q
Max
-18.031 -11.184 -7.407 7.755 41.788
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
height 0.40473 0.03545 11.42 1.91e-12 ***
--Signif. codes: 0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 . 0.1 1
Residual standard error: 15.05 on 30 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.8129, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8067
F-statistic: 130.4 on 1 and 30 DF, p-value: 1.91e-12
> anova(WH)
Analysis of Variance Table

10
0
-10
-20

error

20

30

40

Response: volume
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
height
1 29530.3 29530.3 130.38 1.91e-12 ***
Residuals 30 6794.7 226.5
--Signif. codes: 0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 . 0.1 1

65

70

75
observed

80

85

> WH<-lm(volume~-1+diameter)
> summary(WH)
Call:
lm(formula = volume ~ -1 + diameter)
Residuals:
Min
1Q Median
3Q
Max
-11.104 -8.470 -6.199 1.883 27.129
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
diameter 2.4209
0.1253 19.32 <2e-16 ***
--Signif. codes: 0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 . 0.1 1
Residual standard error: 9.493 on 30 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.9256, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9231
F-statistic: 373.1 on 1 and 30 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
> anova(WH)
Analysis of Variance Table

10
0
-10

error

20

Response: volume
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
diameter 1 33622 33622 373.12 < 2.2e-16 ***
Residuals 30 2703
90
--Signif. codes: 0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 . 0.1 1

10

12

14
observed

16

18

20