A.

Ni dung

B. C s l lun
Nhu cu s dng h thng thng tin di ng ngy

cng gia tng, tc l nhu cu chim dng ti nguyn

v tuyn gia tng. Hay ni cch khc tn ti mu
thun ln gia nhu cu chim dng ti nguyn v ti
nguyn vn c ca thng tin v tuyn.

c im ca truyn dn v tuyn l ti nguyn hn

ch, cht lng ph thuc nhiu vo mi trng:

a hnh, thi tit dn n lm hn ch trin khai
p ng nhu cu cho x hi ca cc nh cng
nghip v dch v vin thng.

C. C s thc tin
Song cc h thng s dng cng ngh OFDM hin

nay nh: DAB, DVB, HDTV, HiperLANu khng

FDMA
TDMA
s dng c ch thch ng, do cha ti u hiu
nng cng nh cha i ph hiu qu i vi nhng
nh hng bt li ca knh truyn v tuyn di ng.
Trn c s nh vy n chn ch nghin

cu gii php iu ch thch ng tn hiu s trong h

thng truyn dn s nhm t hiu sut s dng
bng tn cao. T xy dng chng trnh m
phng, c th l: M phng truyn dn OFDM thch
ng trong thng tin v tuyn
SDMA
CDMA

I. Gii thiu
Hn ch ca cc k thut hin hnh
Cc k thut tri ph c kh nng chng li pha inh

v nhiu, song tn ti nhng yu cu khng th thc

hin c chng hn: Nu ngi dng cn c tc
20 Mb/s giao din v tuyn v h s tri ph l 128
(gi tr in hnh hin nay), dn n phi x l tc
2,56 Gb/s theo thi gian thc, v th cn c rng
bng tn ln khng thc t.
Cc k thut n sng mang i ph km hiu qu
i vi pha inh v truyn lan a ng, c bit
trong trng hp tc bit cao

I. Gii thiu
Yu cu
Truyn thng a phng tin khng nhng yu cu

bng thng rng m cn QoS cao

Lm th no truyn d liu tc cao qua giao din
v tuyn m vn m bo QoS. Tuy c cc bin
php nh cn bng thch ng song gp tr ngi v
thi gian thc tc cao vi Mb/s vi chi ph thp
Gii php
Cn tm k thut iu ch c kh nng dung ha cc

yu cu i ngc nhau theo cch tt nht c th

I. Gii thiu
Ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao OFDM

OFDM l gii php phn tp tn s.

OFDM t hiu sut s dng bng tn cao
OFDM cho php gim nh hng ca tr a ng

v v knh pha inh la chn tn s

Do tri rng pha inh ln nhiu k hiu, nn lm ngu
nhin ha li cm
Tnh kh thi ca OFDM cao do ng dng trit
cng ngh x l tn hiu s v cng ngh vi mch
VLSI

I. Gii thiu

OFDM nhy cm vi dch Doppler cng nh lch tn

gia cc b dao ng ni pht v thu

Vn ng b thi gian. Ti my thu kh quyt nh

thi im bt u FFT
Gi tr PAPR cao

II. c tnh knh v tuyn di ng

Suy hao (attenuation): Cng trng yu i theo

khong cch, gi tr suy hao in hnh trong khong

50 150 dB ty vo khong cch. Suy hao gy pha
inh phm vi rng
Che chn (shadowing): Chng ngi vt gia my
pht v my thu
Tp m (Noise): tp m nhit (cng c th tp m
khc) xut hin trong tn hiu v lm gim cht lng
vic tch tn hiu
Pha inh a ng v phn tn thi gian: Phn x
v nhiu x lm mo tn hiu thu bng cch tri rng
n theo thi gian. Ph thuc vo bng tn h thng,
lm thay i cng tn hiu, c th gy ISI

II. c tnh knh v tuyn di ng

Nhiu (Interference): Cc my pht khc dng cng

tn s hoc dng cc tn s ln cn vi n c th gy
giao thoa vi cc k hiu mong mun.
c tnh knh chn lc tn s: Mt tn s c tng
cng trong khi cc tn s khc b suy hao
Cc knh v tuyn l cc knh mang tnh ngu nhin:
n c th thay i t cc ng truyn thng n
cc ng b che chn nghim trng i vi cc gi
tr khc nhau

II. c tnh knh v tuyn di ng

Hnh (a)

Hnh (b)

Hnh (c)

II. c tnh knh v tuyn di ng

Bng 2.2 Cc c tnh knh trong ba min: khng gian, tn s v thi gian
Min khng gian

Min tn s

Thng s

d;
Thng ging ngu
nhin

BD;

Nhc im

Chn lc khng gian

Chn lc tn s

Chn lc thi gian

Gii php

MIMO

OFDM

Thch ng

Mc ch

Li dng a ng

Pha inh phng

Pha inh chm

Min thi gian

1
50

TC

1
;
BD

BS B D

II. c tnh knh v tuyn di ng

Hnh 2.7 Ph tn hiu OFDM truyn qua m hnh knh pha inh Rice, vi
s sng mang = 100, kch thc FFT = 256,
[sim_ofdm_spectrum.m]

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

Nguyn l
Phn chia ton b bng thng cn truyn vo nhiu

sng mang con v truyn ng thi trn cc sng

mang ny.
Lung s tc cao c chia thnh nhiu lung tc

thp hn. V th c th gim nh hng ca tr

a ng v chuyn i knh pha inh chn lc tn
s thnh knh pha inh phng

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

Tnh trc giao
OFDM truyn dn song song ng thi nhiu bng

con chng ln nhau trn cng mt rng bng tn

cp pht ca h thng
Lm th no tch cc bng con t bng tng
chng ln hay ni cch khc chng khng giao thoa
trong min tn s v min thi gian
Vn mu cht ca truyn dn OFDM l nh tnh
trc giao ca cc sng mang con

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

Nu k hiu cc sng mang con c dng trong h

thng OFDM l si(t) v sj(t). m bo tnh trc
giao cho OFDM, cc hm sin ca cc sng mang con
phi tha mn:

1
T

t s T

1,
t s i t .s t dt 0,
s
*
j

i j
i j

exp j2kft , k 1,2, N

sk t

0,

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

Hnh 3.2 Hnh dng ph ca tn hiu OFDM bng tn c s 5 sng

mang, hiu qu ph tn ca OFDM so vi FDM, [sim_ofdm_mc.m]

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

Hnh 3.3 Ph tng hp ca tn hiu OFDM trong bng tn c s vi 5

sng mang con, [plot_ofdm_mc.m]

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

Tn hiu OFDM pht phc bng tn gc c xc nh

nh sau:
N 2 1

w
t

kT
x
exp
j2
t

kT

i,k

i N/2
FFT

s t sk t kT , s k t kt kT Twin TG t kT TFFT Twin

0,
Nu khc
k

l di k hiu OFDM

TFFT

l thi gian FFT, phn hiu dng ca k hiu OFDM

TG

l thi gian bo v, thi gian ca tin t chu trnh

Twin

l thi gian m ca tin t v hu t to dng ph

f = 1/TFFT l phn cch tn s gia hai sng mang

N

l di FFT, s im FFT

l ch s v k hiu c truyn

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

Tn hiu u ra ca b iu ch RF c xc nh

nh sau:
sRF (t) =

sRF,k (t - kT)

Re

s RF,k t kT

0,

1
t kT ,
w t kT x i ,k exp j2 f c
TFFT
i N / 2

kT Twin TG t kT TFFT Twin
N / 2 1

Nu khc

Trong fc l tn s sng mang RF

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

(a)

(b)

Hnh 3.26 Ph ca tn hiu OFDM 52 sng mang (a) v 1536 sng

mang con (b), khng dng b lc, [sim_ofdm_spectrum.m]

(a)

(b)

Hnh 3.27 Ph tn hiu OFDM 52 sng mang khng dng b lc (a) v

dng b lc vi ca s Kaiser vi (b), [sim_ofdm_spectrum.m]

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

Cc nhn t nh hng ca knh pha inh

ln hiu nng h thng truyn dn OFDM v

cc gii php khc phc

Nguyn nhn: Do tnh chn lc, tnh ph thuc thi

gian v tnh bt n nh ca knh pha inh gy ra

giao thoa gia cc k hiu (ISI) truyn qua n
Hu qu: My thu quyt nh k hiu sai, kh khn
trong vic khi phc nh thi
Gii php: Chn khong thi gian bo v

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

Hnh 3.16 Hiu qu ca khong bo v loi b ISI

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

Nguyn nhn: Do tnh chn lc tn s ca knh pha

inh (ch yu l hin tng dch Doppler)

Hu qu: My thu khng phn bit c ranh gii

gia cc k hiu truyn trn cc sng mang con

(quyt nh sai k hiu mt tnh trc giao)
Gii php: Chn khong thi gian bo v mt cch

tun hon, dng b cn bng PSAM

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

Hnh 3.17 Nhiu nn do ICI i vi s sng mang con khc nhau,

[sim_var_ICI.m]

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

Hnh 3.18 nh hng ca ICI ti t s tn hiu trn nhiu, [sim_SNR_ici.m]

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

Hnh 3.19 Cng sut ICI chun ho i vi tn hiu OFDM. N=102,

[sim_var_ici_smtt_sm_b.m]

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

l mt phng php m cc im IQ cnh nhau

trong chm sao s ch khc nhau mt bit. M ho
Gray cho php ti u t s li bit v gim xc sut
li nhiu bit xut hin trong mt k hiu n.
Thng tin hnh m ho Gray khi iu ch
M-QAM hay M-PSK

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

Hnh 3.21 S IQ iu ch 16-QAM v 16-PSK s dng m ho Gray

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca OFDM

Rb

sbt
/ssng
mang
con/khiu
ssng
mang
con

bps
thigiankhiu

Rb

R c log 2 M N sub
Tsym

R c log 2 M B

Tsym

TFFT
R c log 2 M B
R c log 2 M B.FSR
Tsym

IV. iu ch OFDM thch ng

Knh v tuyn thay i ngu nhin theo thi gian,

gii hn hiu nng v thng lng truyn dn

Thch ng ng tham s iu ch ng vi cc tham
s tc thi ca knh
Knh tt cc gi tr ny s thay i cc tham s iu
ch sao cho thu c thng lng h thng ln
Knh xu cc gi tr s iu khin cc tham s iu
ch sao cho gim thng lng h thng m bo
QoS
H thng khng dng iu ch thch ng, s dng
cc tham s iu ch c nh m bo QoS ti
trng thi ti nht ca knh v h thng s c thng
lng nh nhau ti mi thi im

IV. iu ch OFDM thch ng

IV. iu ch OFDM thch ng

IV. iu ch OFDM thch ng

IV. iu ch OFDM thch ng

Xy dng gii thut iu ch thch ng cho h thng

truyn dn OFDM

Ti u hiu nng h thng truyn tin (thng lng,

BER)
Thch ng cc thng s iu ch theo cht lng
knh hin thi

Da theo thng s iu ch c chn thch ng

IV. iu ch OFDM thch ng

IV. iu ch OFDM thch ng

IV. iu ch OFDM thch ng

IV. iu ch OFDM thch ng

IV. iu ch OFDM thch ng

IV. iu ch OFDM thch ng

IV. iu ch OFDM thch ng

IV. iu ch OFDM thch ng

V. Chng trnh m phng

V. Chng trnh m phng

Bng 6.2 Thng s m phng h thng OFDM thch ng
Tham s

Gi tr

Tc d liu: Rb

2 Mbps

Mc iu ch sng mang M-QAM

M = 2, 4, 16, 64

Tn s ly mu: fs

fs

S lng sng mang: Nsub

52 - 1024

Kch thc FFT: NFFT

NFFT

Chu k c bn: T

1/ Rb = 0,5 s

Thi gian k hiu hu ch: TFFT

TFFT = Nsub log2(M) T

Khong thi gian bo v: TG

TG

Chiu di k hiu OFDM : Tsym

Tsym = TFFT + TG

Thi gian m phng: Tsim

Tsim = 0,064 s

Ca s

Kaiser, = 10

M hnh knh

Pha inh Rayleigh

V. Chng trnh m phng

V. Chng trnh m phng

V. Chng trnh m phng

Hnh 6.7 Hnh dng hm truyn t ca knh

V. Chng trnh m phng

V. Chng trnh m phng

V. Chng trnh m phng

Kt qu m phng khng dng c ch thch ng

Kt qu m phng khng dng c ch thch ng

Kt qu m phng khng dng c ch thch ng

Kt qu m phng dng c ch thch ng mc iu ch

Kt qu m phng dng c ch thch ng mc iu ch

Kt qu m phng dng c ch thch ng mc iu ch

Kt qu m phng dng c ch thch ng chn lc sng mang

Kt qu m phng dng c ch thch ng chn lc sng mang

Kt qu m phng dng c ch thch ng chn lc sng mang

Kt qu m phng kt hp c ch thch ng chn lc sng

mang v mc iu ch

Kt qu m phng kt hp c ch thch ng chn lc sng

mang v mc iu ch

Kt qu m phng kt hp c ch thch ng chn lc sng

mang v mc iu ch

Kt qu m phng kt hp c ch thch ng chn lc sng

mang v mc iu ch

VI. nh gi hiu nng h thng OFDM thch ng

VI. nh gi hiu nng h thng OFDM thch ng

VI. nh gi hiu nng h thng OFDM thch ng

VI. nh gi hiu nng h thng OFDM thch ng