Permutations

(Order Matters)

How many different orders can Adam,

Becky, Cody, and Dan (A,B,C,D) present
their ISP to the class?
What process would you use to
determine all of the orders?

Enter the tree diagram

Permutations

How many different sequences can our class

of 27 present ISPs?

(Order Matters)

27x26x25x24xx7x6x5x4x3x2x1=1.088886 E 28

That is a lot of unique ways our class can be

arranged.
Known as the Fundamental Counting Principle
(FCP/FCT). If one operation can be
performed in m ways and a second
operation can be performed in n ways, then
these two operations can be performed in
mn ways.

Permutations

(Order Matters)

Factorial Notation

n! =n x (n-1) x (n-2) x x 2 x 1
Examples

3!=3 x 2 x 1 = 6
4!=4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 24
6!=6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 720
11!=11 x 10 x 9 x 8 x x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 =
39,916,800

Permutations

(Order Matters)

Permutations
Back to our class ISP presentations.
We cant do all 27 presentation in one
classso lets select a subset of 3
presentations for each class.
How many different ways of ordering
3 students can be made from a group
of 27?

Permutations

(Order Matters)

Permutation

Notation P(n,r) or nPr meaning the number of

permutations possible in which r objects from a
set of n different objects are arranged.

P (n, r ) n(n 1)(n 2)...(n r 1)

(n r )(n r 1)...3 2 1
n(n 1)(n 2)...(n r 1)

(n r )(n r 1)...3 2 1
n(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)...(n r 1) (n r )(n r 1)...3 2 1

(n r )(n r 1)...3 2 1
n!

(n r )!

Permutations

(Order Matters)
5!
(5 3)!
5! 5 4 3 2!

2!
2!
120

60
2

For example

P (5,3)

Looking at our class:

P (27,3)

27!
(27 3)!
27! 27 26 25 24!

24!
24!
27 26 25
17,550

Permutations

(Order Matters)

Permutations when some objects are alike

How many distinctly different words can be
formed from the name JEFFREY?
JEFFREY seven distinctly different (coloured)
letters that can be arranged 7! ways.
7!=5040
Yet if the colouring is removed, there are 2!
ways to arrange the Es and 2! ways to arrange
the Fs making 2!x2!=4 duplicate words

Permutations

(Order Matters)

Thus, the number of distinctly different

words is 7!/(2!x2!)=1260

Permutations

(Order Matters)

Example
How many ways can the letters of the
word MISSISSIPPI be arranged?

11!
# of arrangements
4!4!2!
39,916,800

24 24 2
34,650

Permutations

(Order Matters)

Selecting Objects w/ & w/out Replacement

Until now, we have only examined
situations where objects have been
selected and removed from a set never
being able to chosen again.
What happens if the object is replaced?

Replacement will increase the number of

possible choices.

Permutations

(Order Matters)

For example, how many ways are there

to draw two cards from a standard deck
of 52 cards?

Old way without replacement

P(52,2)=(52x51x50!)/50!=52x51=2652

New way with replacement

52x52=2704

Permutations

(Order Matters)

Ex 1

If 12 friends went to the movies, how

many different seating arrangements could
they have if they all sat in one row?

12! = 12x11x10x9x8x7x6x5x4x3x2x1
= 479,001,600

Permutations

How many different ways can the

names of 5 candidates for the same
office be listed on a ballot?

(Order Matters)

5!=5x4x3x2x1=120

How many different arrangements of

ten digit telephone numbers can be
made?

1010

Permutations

How many ways can the Santa Claus

parade arrange its floats if there are 30
floats in total?

(Order Matters)

30!

How many different ways can the first

and second floats be arranged?

P(30,2)=30x29x28!/(30-2)!=30x29=870

Permutations

How many different sets of four

consecutive places are there at a
circular table that seats twelve?

(Order Matters)

12

At the same table, how many ways can

4 people be seated next to each other
with no empty spaces in between?

P(12,4)=12!/8!=12x11x10x9=11,880

Permutations

(Order Matters)

How many different arrangements of

the word ZOONOOZ can be made
using all the letters?

# arrangements
= 7!/(4!2!)
=5040/(24x2)
=105

Permutations

(Order Matters)

Riddle
A customer enters a hardware store to buy
something and asks the clerk how much 1 would
cost. The clerk tells him 50. He then asks how
much 10 would cost. The clerk says $1.00. The
customer says, Ill buy 15155 and pays the clerk
$2.50. What was the customer buying?
Digits for his house number.

Permutations

Fundamental Counting Principle

(Order Matters)

AND means MULTIPLY

Additive Counting Principle

OR means ADD