6 Algebraic

Friday, March 6, 2015
AIRIL AHMAD
Expand a single pair of brackets

Example 1: Expand w (x + y)
w
= w
(
x
x
x
= wx +
+
+
y
w
)
x
wy
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Example 2: Expand
3
= 3
(
x
a
a
= 3a -
c
3
3 (a - c)
)
3c
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Example 3: Expand
7g
= 7g
(
x
m +
= 7gm +
7g
7g (m + 2n)
2n
x
)
2n
14gn
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Example 4: Expand 4e ( r + 2s 8t)

4e
= 4e x r +
= 4er
2s 4e
8es
8t )
2s - 4e
-
8t
32et
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AIRIL AHMAD
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
EXPAND DOUBLE PAIRS OF BRACKETS
HJ. AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Expand double pairs of brackets

Example 1: Expand (w + v)(x + y)
( w +
= wxx + w
= wx
+ wy
(
y
+vxx + vxy
+ vx
+ vy
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Example 2: Expand (2e + f)(c + d)
( 2e +
= 2e x c + 2e
= 2ce
)
x
+ 2de
(
d
+fxc
+ fxd
+ cf
+ df
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Example 3: Expand (2m + n)(p - s)
( 2m +
= 2m x p + 2m
= 2mp
- 2ms
)
x
( p
(-s) + n x p + n x (-s)
+ np
- ns
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HJ. AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD

Example 1: Expand (r + 4)(r + 3)
( r +
= rxr
+ r
= r2
+ 3r
(
3
+
+4xr
+ 4r
)
+ 4x3
+ 12
= r2 + 7r + 12
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Example 2: Expand (2e + f)(e + 2f)
( 2e +
= 2e x e + 2e
= 2e2
(
x
2f
+ 4ef
+fxe
+ ef
2f )
+ f x 2f
+ 2f2
= 2e2 + 5ef + 2f2

AIRIL AHMAD
EXERCISE
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Example 3: Expand (w + 4)(w - 3)
( w +
= wxw + w
= w2
)
x
- 3w
(-3) + 4 x w + 4 x (-3)
+ 4w
- 12
= w2 + w - 12
AIRIL AHMAD

In general , (a+b)2= a2 + 2ab + b2 or
(a-b)2= a2 - 2ab + b2
HJ. AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Expand same pairs of brackets

Example 1: Expand (r + 4)2
( r +
= rxr
+ r
= r2
+ 4r
(
4
= r2 + 8r + 16
+
+4xr
+ 4r
)
+ 4x4
+ 16
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Example 2: Expand (2e + f)2
( 2e +
= 2e x 2e + 2e
= 4e2
(
x
+ 2ef
= 4e2 + 4ef + f2
2e
f )
+ f x 2e + f x f
+ 2ef
+ f2
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Example 3: Expand (w - 4)2
( w -
= w x w+ w
= w2
)
x
(-4) + (-4) x w + -(4) x (-4)
- 4w
= w2 -8w + 16
- 4w
+ 16
AIRIL AHMAD
State the factors of an algebraic term

Example 1: 2m
1, 2, m, 2m
Example 2:
4g
1, 2, 4, g, 2g, 4g
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State the factors of an algebraic term

Example 3: 12y
1, 2, 3, 4, 6,12, y, 2y, 3y, 4y, 6y, 12y
Example 4:
15k
1, 3, 5, 15, k, 3k, 5k, 15k

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Exercise
Write all the factors of the following algebraic terms.
1. 5
j
2. 14 p
3. 5
n2
4. abc
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CONCEPT OF
FACTORISATION OF
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
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AIRIL AHMAD
Highest Common Factor (HCF)

Find the HCF of the following algebraic terms.
Example 1 :
6h & 4gh
2 6h , 4gh
h 3h , 2gh
3 , 2g
HCF = 2 x h
= 2h
Example 2 :
2pq & 4q
2 2pq , 4q
q pq , 2q
p , 2
HCF = 2 x q
= 2q
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Highest Common Factor (HCF)

Find the HCF of the following algebraic terms.
Example 3 :
14v2 & 8v
2 14v2 , 8v
v 7v2 , 4v
7v , 4
HCF = 2 x v
= 2v
Example 4 :
5cd2 & 10cd
5 5cd2 , 10cd
cd cd2 , 2cd
d , 2
HCF = 5 x cd
= 5cd
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EXERCISE
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AIRIL AHMAD
FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
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AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise the following algebraic term

Example 1: 2pq + 4qr
2 2pq +
q pq +
p +
(p
4qr
2qr
2r
2r)
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Example 2: mn mn2
m mn - mn2
2
n
n
n
(1
1 - n
n)
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Example 3: 3ab + 6bc - 9b2

2
3ab
+
6bc
9b
3
2
ab
+
2bc
3b
b
( a + 2c - 3b
3b)
AIRIL AHMAD
EXERCISE
AIRIL AHMAD
FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
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AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise ab + ac +bd + cd
Example 9:
ag + 3a + 2g + 6
(ag
a(g + 3)
a )+ (2g
2(g + 6
3)
2 )
3a
) + 3)
(a (g + 3) + 2 (g
AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise ab + ac +bd + cd
Example 10:
mn + 4n + 2m + 8
((m
n++
4)4n
n) +( 2
(m +28
4))
mn
2m
) + 4)
(n (m + 4) + 2 (m
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EXERCISE
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
Factorise the following algebraic expressions:
1. ac
+ ad + bc + bd
2. ax + ay + bx + by
3. gh + 2h + 3g + 6
4. a2 + ab + 2a + 2b
5. de + d2 + ef + df
AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise a2- b2
Example 11:
a 2 b2
((a
aa2 +- bb2 ))
AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise a2- b2
Example 12:
m 2 n2
((m
m2 +
- n2))
AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise a2- b2
Example 13:
16m2 25n2
16m2 25n2
2m2 +
2n
((4m
) 2)
44m
-5n
55n
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EXERCISE
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FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
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AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise a2 + 2ab + b2
Example 1:
4
y2 + 8y + 16
1st Step:
16 = 1 x 16
16 = 2 x 8
(y
4)
+4y
16 = 4 x 4
2nd Step:
8= 4+ 4
+
(y + 4)
+4y
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 2:
2
7
y2 + 9y + 14
1st Step:
14 = 1 x 14
14 = 2 x 7
2nd Step:
9= 2+ 7
(y
+2y
2)
+7y
(y + 7)
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Exercise:
Page 135
Ex.6.2C
1 - 8
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Factorise completely (Factorise a2 + 2ab + b2)
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
m2 + 12m + 36 2. a2 + 4a +4
j2 + 4j +3
4. k2 + 7k +12
b2 + 8b +15
6. f2 + 6f +8
g2 + 9g +14
8. s2 + 10s +16
h2 + 5h +6 10. r2 + 7r +10
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 3:
y2
- 6y + -824
1st Step:
8= 1x8
8= 2x4
2nd Step:
-6 = -2 - 4
(y
-2)
-2y
-4y
(y - 4)
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Example 4:
y2
- 10y + - 3721
(y
-3)
1st Step:
21 = 1 x 21
21 = 3 x 7
2nd Step:
-10 = -3 - 7
-3y
-7y
(y - 7)
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Exercise
1. y2 3y + 2
6. y2 8y + 15
2. y2 5y + 6
7. y2 9y + 18
3. y2 7y + 12
8. y2 8y + 12
4. y2 7y + 10
9. y2 12y + 35
5. y2 9y + 14
10. y2 14y + 45
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise:
Page 134
Ex.6.2B
1 - 15
AIRIL AHMAD
FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
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AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise a2 + 2ab - b2
+9
-4
Example 5:
y2 + 5y - 36
1st Step:
36 =
36 =
36 =
36 =
36
=
nd
2 Step:
1 x 36
2 x 18
3 x 12
4x 9
6x 6
5= 9- 4
(y
+9)
+9y
-4y
(y - 4)
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 6:
+7
-3
y2 + 4y - 21
1st Step:
21 = 1 x 21
21 = 3 x 7
(y
+7)
+7y
2nd Step:
4= 7- 3
-3y
(y - 3)
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
1. y2 + y 6
6. y2 + 4y 12
2. y2 + 2y 15
7. y2 + y 42
3. y2 + 6y 27
8. y2 + 4y 21
4. y2 + 3y 10
9. y2 + 7y 30
5. y2 + 3y 18
10. y2 + 10y 24
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+2
-5
Example 7:
y2 - 3y - 10
1st Step:
10 = 1 x 10
10 = 2 x 5
(y
-5)
-5y
2nd Step:
-3 = - 5 + 2
+2y
(y +2)
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+4
-7
Example 8:
y2 - 3y - 28
1st Step:
28 = 1 x 28
28 = 2 x 14
28 = 4 x 7
(y
-7)
-7y
2nd Step:
-3 = - 7 + 4
+4y
(y + 4)
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
1. y2 2y 8
6. y2 5y 36
2. y2 3y 18
7. y2 y 12
3. y2 5y 14
8. y2 2y 24
4. y2 7y 30
9. y2 6y 7
5. y2 y 20
10. y2 y 6
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FACTORISE AND SIMPLIFY

ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
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AIRIL AHMAD
Simplify the following expressions:
Example 1:
4
8 xy
4y
2
x
1
1
4y
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Example 2:
5
a 2
20a b 5a
4ab
1
5a
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Exercise
Page
138
Ex. 6.2F
No. 1 abcd
AIRIL AHMAD
Simplify the following algebraic

fractions to the lowest terms
Working Space
Example 3:
1
6g 4
2(3 g 2)
42
4
3g 2
6g + 4
3g + 2
2 ( 3g + 2 )
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Example 4:
2a 8b
2c
2(a 4b)
2c
a 4b
Working Space
2a - 8b
a - 4b
2 ( a 4b )
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Exercise
Page
138
Ex.6.2F
No. 2 only
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ADDITION OF
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
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AIRIL AHMAD
Simplify the following:

Example 1:
5x
3x 2 x
3x 2 x
7
7
7
7
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Example 2:
g 3 2g 4
3
3
g 3 2g 4
3g 7
3
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Exercise
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SUBTRACTION OF
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
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AIRIL AHMAD

Example 1:
7p
9p 2p
9p 2p
10
10
10 10
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Example 2:
9 f 8 2 f 5
hk
hk
9 f 8 2f - 5
hk
7 f 3
hk
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Example 3:
8k 7 7 k 2
2abc 2abc
8k 7 7k + 2
2abc
k 9
2abc
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Exercise
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Exercise
Page
139
Ex. 6.3A
No. 1,2,3,5,10,11,12,
13,14,15
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ADD OR SUBTRACT TWO

ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS WITH
ONE DENOMINATOR AS A
MULTIPLE OF THE OTHER
DENOMINATOR
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AIRIL AHMAD

Example 1:
3 xx2 2 x
2 x2
4
2x
6
x

4
8x
2x
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Example 2:
4h x 3 2h
5 x 3 15
2h
12
h
15
15
12h 2h 14h
15
15
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 3:
5hx 2 2 h
6 x 2 12
2h
10
h
12
12
8h 2h
10h 2h
12 3
12
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Exercise
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ADD AND SUBTRACT

ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
WITHOUT ANY COMMON
FACTORS
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AIRIL AHMAD

Example 1:
3 px 5 2 rx 2
2x5
5x 2
15 p 4r
10
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8x n f 5 x m
mx n
nx m
Example 2:
8n fm 5m
mn
8n fm 5m
mn
AIRIL AHMAD
2 xx y 3 xx x
xxy
yx x
Example 3:
2y - xy + 3x2
xy
2 y xy 3x
xy
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Exercise
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Exercise
Page
142&143
ALL
Ex.6.3C
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MULTIPLICATION
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
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Example 1:
3 2 3 2
6

5 7 5 7 35
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Example 2:
m p m p mp

n q n q nq
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Example 3:
5p
1
r
r
5
p
5p
2
2
5 pr
2
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 4:
( x y)
4g
h
(e f )
( x y) 4 g
h (e f )
4 g ( x y)
h (e f )
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Exercise
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Exercise
Page
85
Ex.7
No.
1 to 12
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DIVISION OF TWO
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
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Example 1:
3 2 3

5 7 5
7 3 7 21
2 5 2 10
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Example 2:
5p
1
r
r
5p
2
2
r 1
25 p
1
5p
r
10 p
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 3:
4e
5
8ce
2c 4e
15d
3d 5
2c 5 2 c

3d 4e 3d
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
Page
85
Ex.7
No.
13 to 29
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Friday, March 6, 2015

Friday, March 6, 2015

Expand a single pair of brackets

Friday, March 6, 2015

Friday, March 6, 2015

Friday, March 6, 2015

Example 4: Expand 4e ( r + 2s 8t)

Friday, March 6, 2015

Friday, March 6, 2015

EXPAND DOUBLE PAIRS OF BRACKETS

HJ. AIRIL AHMAD

Friday, March 6, 2015

Expand double pairs of brackets

Friday, March 6, 2015

Expand double pairs of brackets

Friday, March 6, 2015

Expand double pairs of brackets

Friday, March 6, 2015

EXPAND DOUBLE PAIRS OF BRACKETS

HJ. AIRIL AHMAD

Friday, March 6, 2015

Expand double pairs of brackets

Friday, March 6, 2015

Expand double pairs of brackets

= 2e2 + 5ef + 2f2

Friday, March 6, 2015

Friday, March 6, 2015

Expand double pairs of brackets

Friday, March 6, 2015

EXPAND DOUBLE PAIRS OF BRACKETS

HJ. AIRIL AHMAD

Friday, March 6, 2015

Expand same pairs of brackets

Friday, March 6, 2015

Expand same pairs of brackets

Friday, March 6, 2015

Expand same pairs of brackets

(-4) + (-4) x w + -(4) x (-4)

Friday, March 6, 2015

State the factors of an algebraic term

Friday, March 6, 2015

State the factors of an algebraic term

1, 3, 5, 15, k, 3k, 5k, 15k

Friday, March 6, 2015

Friday, March 6, 2015

Friday, March 6, 2015

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

Friday, March 6, 2015

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

Friday, March 6, 2015

Friday, March 6, 2015

Friday, March 6, 2015

Friday, March 6, 2015

Factorise the following algebraic term

Friday, March 6, 2015

Factorise the following algebraic term

Friday, March 6, 2015

Factorise the following algebraic term